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英语语法助动词用法助动词练习题及答案5.1系动词 系动词亦称联系动词(LinkVerb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语。例如: Hefellillyesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。) Hefellofftheladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词。例如:Heisateacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand。例如:Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。Thismatterrestsamystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3)表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem,appear,look。例如:Helookstired. 他看起来很累。Heseems(tobe)verysad. 他看起来很伤心。4)感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste。例如: Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft. 这种布手感很软。 Thisflowersmellsverysweet.这朵花闻起来很香。 5)变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run。例如: Hebecamemadafterthat. 自那之后,他疯了。 Shegrewrichwithinashorttime. 她没多长时间就富了。6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turnout,表达"证实","变成"之意。例如: Therumorprovedfalse. 这谣言证实有假。 Thesearchproveddifficult. 搜查证实很难。 Hisplanturnedoutasuccess. 他的计划终于成功了。(turnout表终止性结果) 5.2助动词1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。例如: Hedoesn"tlikeEnglish. 他不喜欢英语。(doesn"t是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)2)助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来: a.表示时态。例如: Heissinging. 他在唱歌。 Hehasgotmarried. 他已结婚。 b.表示语态。例如:
HewassenttoEngland. 他被派往英国。 c.构成疑问句。例如: Doyoulikecollegelife? 你喜欢大学生活吗? DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d.与否定副词not合用,构成否定句。例如: Idon"tlikehim. 我不喜欢他。 e.加强语气。例如: Docometothepartytomorrowevening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。 Hedidknowthat. 他的确知道那件事。3)最常用的助动词有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would等。5.3助动词be的用法1)be+现在分词,构成进行时态。例如:Theyarehavingameeting. 他们正在开会。Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.英语现在越来越重要。2) be+过去分词,构成被动语态。例如:ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld. 世界各地都教英语。3)be+动词不定式,可表示下列内容: a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如: HeistogotoNewYorknextweek.. 他下周要去纽约。 Wearetoteachthefreshmen. 我们要教新生。 说明:这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。 b.表示命令。例如: Youaretoexplainthis. 对此你要做出解释。 Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。 c. 征求意见。例如: HowamItoanswerhim? 我该怎样答复他? Whoistogothere? 谁该去那儿呢? d.表示相约、商定。例如: Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。5.4助动词have的用法1)have+过去分词,构成完成时态。例如: HehasleftforLondon. 他已去了伦敦。 Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork. 上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。 2)have+been+现在分词,构成完成进行时。例如: IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。 3)have+been+过去分词,构成完成式被动语态。例如: EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.中国教英语已经多年。 5.5助动词do的用法
1)构成一般疑问句。例如: DoyouwanttopasstheCET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗? DidyoustudyGerman? 你们学过德语吗?2)do+not构成否定句。例如: Idonotwanttobecriticized. 我不想挨批评。 Hedoesn"tliketostudy. 他不想学习。 Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish. 过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。3)构成否定祈使句。例如: Don"tgothere. 不要去那里。 Don"tbesoabsent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。说明:构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气。例如: Docometomybirthdayparty. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。 Ididgothere. 我确实去那儿了。 Idomissyou. 我确实想你。5)用于倒装句。例如: NeverdidIhearofsuchathing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。 OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.进了大学以后,我们才认识到英语的重要性。说明:引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。6)用作代动词。例如: ----DoyoulikeBeijing? --你喜欢北京吗? ----Yes,Ido. --是的,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替likeBeijing.) Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesn"the?他知道如何开车,对吧?5.6助动词shall和will的用法 shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。例如: IshallstudyharderatEnglish. 我将更加努力地学习英语。 HewillgotoShanghai. 他要去上海。说明:在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will只用于第二、第三人称。现在,尤其是在口语中,will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较: Heshallcome. 他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。) Hewillcome. 他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)5.7助动词should,would的用法1)should无词义,只是shall的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称。例如: ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。 比较:"WhatshallIdonextweek?"Iasked."我下周干什么?"我问道。 可以说,shall变成间接引语时,变成了should。2)
would也无词义,是will的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称。例如: Hesaidhewouldcome. 他说他要来。比较:"Iwillgo,"hesaid.他说:"我要去那儿。"变成间接引语,就成了Hesaidhewouldcome。原来的will变成would,go变成了come.。5.8短语动词 动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。例如: Turnofftheradio. 把收音机关上。(turnoff是短语动词) 短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:1)动词+副词,如:blackout;2)动词+介词,如:lookinto;3)动词+副词+介词,如:lookforwardto。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词。5.9非谓语动词 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。1)不定式时态语态主动被动一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone 2)动名词时态语态主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone 3)分词时态语态主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone 否定形式:not+不定式, not+动名词, not+现在分词5.10助动词练习1.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we______afootballmatch.a.haveb.willhavec.hasd.shallhas2.Whenhewasatschool,he______earlyandtakeawalkbeforebreakfast.a.willriseb.shallriseb.shouldrisewouldrise3.Inthepast30yearsChina______greatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialistconstruction.a.hasmadeb.havemadec.hadmaded.havingmade4.I______gotobeduntilI______finishedmywork.a.don’t/hadb.didn’t/havec.didn’t/hadd.don’t/have5.______youthinkhe______backbydinnertime?
a.Do/havecomeb.Did/willhavecomec.Does/willcomed.Do/willhavecome6.Hesaidthathedroppedhisbagwhenhe______forthebus.a.wasruningb.wasrunningc.wererunningd.isrunning7.Nosooner______hearrivedhomethanhe______tostartonanotherjourney.a.has/wasaskedb.have/wereaskedc.had/isaskedd.had/wasasked8.“______yougivemearoomforthenight?”Iaskedonarrivingatthehotel.a.Shouldb.Canc.Mightd.May9.Therearenineofthem,so______getintothecaratthesametime.a.theymaynotatallb.alltheymaynotc.theycan’talld.alltheycan’t10.“Wedidn’tseehimatthelectureyesterday.”“He______it.”a.mustn’tattendb.cannothaveattendedc.wouldhavenotattendedd.needn’thaveattended11.“Yourealizethatyouweredrivingat100mph,don’tyou?”“No,officer.I______.Thiscarcan’tdomorethan80.”a.didn’tneedtobeb.maynothavebeenc.couldn’thavebeend.needn’thavebeen12.hewasagoodrunnersohe______escapefromthepolice.a.mightb.succeededtoc.wouldd.wasableto13.Ifthey______,ourplanwillfallflat.a.areco-operatingb.hadnotco-operatedc.won’tco-operated.didn’tco-operate14.Ihoped______myletter.a.hertoanswerb.thatshewouldanswerc.thatsheanswersd.heranswering15.He______liveinthecountrythaninthecity.a.prefersb.likestoc.hadbetterd.wouldrather16.______toseeafilmwithustoday?a.Didyoulikeb.Wouldyoulikec.Willyouliked.Haveyouliked17.I’msorry,butIhadnoalternative.Isimply______whatIdid.a.mustdob.hadtodoc.oughttohavedoned.havetodo18.“Timeisrunningout,______?”a. hadn’twebettergotstartb.hadn’twebettergetstartb. hadn’twebettergetstartedd.hadn’twebetternotstarted19.Noone______thattohisface.a.daressayb.daressayingc.daresayd.daretosay20.Thestudentsintheclassroom______nottomakesomuchnoise.a.needb.oughtc.mustd.dare21.You______lastweekifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourwork.a.oughttocomeb.oughttobecomingc.oughthavecomed.oughttohavecome22.Theelephantsought______hoursagobythekeepers.a.tobefedb.tofeedc.tobeingfedd.tohavebeenfed23.“Iwonderwhythey’relate.”“They______thetrain.”a.canhavemissedb.couldmissc.mayhavemissedd.mightmiss24.“Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.”“He______havebeenanoutstandingstudent.”a. mustb.couldc.shouldd.might25.You______theexaminationagainsinceyouhadalreadypassedit.
a.needn’thavetakenb.didn’tneedtotakec.needn’ttaked.mustn’ttake26.Heisreallyincompetent!Theletter______yesterday.a. shouldbefinishedtypingb.mustbefinishedtypingb. musthavefinishedtypingc.shouldhavebeenfinishedtyping27.Theboytoldhisfatherthathewouldrather______anastronaut.a.becomeb.tobecomec.becomingd.became28.Whenwereachedthestation,thetrainhadstillnotarrived;sowe______.a. needednottohurryb.needn’thavehurriedb. neednottohavehurriedd.didn’tneedtohurry29.Sinceyourroommateisvisitingherfamilythisweekend,_____youliketohavedinnerwithustonight?a.willb.won’tc.wouldn’td.do30.Hewasafraidwhathehaddone______adisastrouseffectonhiscareer.a.mighthaveb.couldbec.havebeend.shallbe31.He______hardlysayanythingmore,sinceyouknowaboutit.a.don’tneedtob.needn’tc.needsd.need32.You______thelookonhisfacewhenhewontheprize.a.wouldhaveseenb.shouldhaveseenc.mustseed.canbeseeing33.Somepeoplethinkthestockmarketwillcrash,but______.a. Iwonderifithappensb.Idoubtifitwillhappenc.Iamafraiditwouldn’thappend.Idoubtifitdoeshappen34.“WhateverhashappenedtoGeorge?”“Idon’tknow.He______lost.”a.canhavegotb.mayhavegotc.mightgetd.couldget35.Hehasnoideawhatthebookisabout.He______readthebook.a.couldn’tb.couldn’thavec.mightn’thaved.shouldn’thave36.NewstudiesshowthattwoofSaturn’srings______longerthanthe4.5billionyearssincethebirthoftheSolarSystem.a.couldhavelastedb.shouldhavelastedc.wouldhavelastedd.mustbelasting37.Takethetelescopewithyouincaseyou______itinyourexpedition.a.willneedb.wouldneedc.shouldneedd.couldneed38.Needhecomeatonce?Yes,he______.a.mustb.mustnotc.needd.may39.Pleaseanswerthephone.It______bebyyourfather.Ifitis,wouldyoutellthatIwanttoseehim?a.willb.shouldc.wouldd.could40.We’llnevergiveinwhateverthey______sayordo.a.mayb.willc.shalld.should41.Withallthisworkonhand,he______tothecinemalastnight.a.mustn’tgob.wouldn’tgoc.oughtn’tgod.shouldn’thavegone42.Everyone______thecakebecausetherewasn’tevenasmallpieceleft.a.mustlikeb.musthavelikedc.musthavebeenlikingd.hadliked43.IwishtorecollectwhereImether,______?a. wouldIb.mayIc.maynotId.canI44.I______thinkhewill______daretherisk.
a.not/..b.do/notc.../notd.don’t/..45.Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtime,it______beactive.a.maynotb.mustc.mightd.isnot46.You______yourseatstodayifyouwanttogotothegame.a. hadbettertoreserveb.hadbetterreservec.hadtobetterreserved.hadtoreservebetter47.I______theoperationunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.a. wouldrathernothaveb.wouldnotratherhadb. ratherwouldnothaved.rathernotwouldhave48.Manyscientists______theirowneyesandearsthanthetheoriesoftheancients.a. wouldrathertobelieveb.wouldratherbelievec.ratherwouldbelieved.willratherbelieve49.TotravelfromEnglandtoScotlandyou______apassport.a.haven’tgotb.mustn’thavec.needn’td.don’tneed50.Oneofthestatements______tobeuntrue.a.isturnedoutb.hasturnedoutc.havebeenturnedoutd.haveturnedout51.Idon’tknowwhetheritwillrainornot,butifit______rain,Ishallstayathome.a.willb.didc.doesd.shall52.“You’dlikesometea,______?”a.wouldn’tyoub.shouldn’tyouc.hadn’tyoud.didn’tyou53.“Maywetakethebooksout?”a.No,youmaynotb.No,youcannotc.No,youcan’td.Pleasedon’t54.“Iwouldhavecomesooner,butI______thatyouwerewaiting.”a.didn’tknowb.hasn’tknownc.hadn’tknowd.haven’tknown55.Ifyoudon’twantto,you______togettherewithus.a.mustn’tb.can’tc.don’thaved.havenot56.IwouldgotovisitthembutI______thinktheyareanxioustoseeme.a.haven’tb.don’tc.doesn’td.didn’t57.Whateveryoucando,______.a. Icandosoaswellb.Icandothisaswellb. Icandoitaswelld.Icandoaswell58._____-IrealizedtheconsequencesIwouldneverhavecontemplatedgettinginvolved.a.Hadb.Havec.Havingd.Has59.“PerhapssheisworkingforJohn.”“Yes,she______forhim.”a. needhavebeenworkingb.maybeworkingb. oughthavebeenworkingd.oughtbeworking60.“IknowshewasinbecauseIheardherradio,butshedidn’topenthedoor.”“She______thebell.”a. maynotbehearingb.maynothaveheardb. mustnothaveheardd.mustnotbehearing61.“Hewassmoking.”“Thenhe______.”a. oughttohavebeennotsmokingb.oughttohavenotbeensmokingb. oughtnottohavebeensmokingd.oughttonothavebeensmoking62.You______outyesterdaywithoutacoat.Nowonderyoucaughtcold.
a.oughtn’thavegoneb.shouldn’thavegonec.mustn’thavegoned.can’thavegone63.“Paulwasridingabicyclealongthemotorwaywhenhewashitbythetrailerofalorry.”“He_____abicyclealongthemotorway;bicyclesarenotallowed.”a. shouldn’thavebeenridingb.couldn’thavebeenridingc.oughtn’thavebeenridingd.can’thavebeenriding64.Iamlistening.Butyou______.a.needbelisteningb.shouldbelisteningc.needhavebeenlisteningd.oughtbelistening65.He______withuslastnight.a. wouldhavelikedtogob.shouldliketobegoingb. shouldbelikedtogod.wouldliketogo66.I______hisfacewhenheopenedtheletter.a. shouldlikeyoutoseeb.wouldhavelikedyoutobeseenb. shouldlikeyoutohaveseend.wouldlikeyoutosee67.Yousayyou______doit,butIsayyou______doit.a.oughtnot/couldb.willnot/shallc.couldnot/needd.shallnot/ought68.We______putthemeetingoffforaweek.a.canaswellb.willaswellc.shallaswelld.mayaswell69.______windyourwatcheveryday?a.Doyouneedb.Mustyouhavetoc.Haveyoutod.Doyouhaveto70.______givehimachancetotry?a.Oughtn’ttoweb.Oughtn’twetoc.Oughttowenotd.Oughtn’twe71.“Didyoublamehimforhismistakes?”“______”a.I’drathernotdob.I’dnotratherdoc.I’dbetternotdod.I’drathernotdoing72.Youhadbetter______yourhaircut.a.hadb.havec.togetd.tohave73.Mysisterdidn’tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshe______thebabyforherfrienduntil9:30.a. musthavelookedafterb.wouldhavetolookafterb. hadtolookafterd.shouldhavelookedafter74.Maryisverylate,she______.a. maymisshertrainb.mayhavemissedhertrainc.mustmisshertraind.couldmisshertrain75.Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,he______tohisownviews.a. wouldalwaysstickb.willalwaysstickc.shouldalwaysstickd.mustalwaysstickto76.It’swonderfulthatyou______haveachievedsomuchintheseyears.a.mayb.canc.shouldd.would77.Thestudentsaskedwhetherhe______takethebooksoutofthereading-room.a.couldb.mightc.shouldd.would78.He______stillbethinkingaboutthequestionyouraised.a.mayb.mightc.mustd.should79.I’dbegladifyou______givemeanaccountofthefact.a. shallb.shouldc.wouldd.may80.He______accomplishthetaskintime.a.didb.hasc.isd.do
助动词练习答案1B19C37C55C73C2D20B38A56B74B3A21D39D57D75B4C22D40A58A76C5D23C41D59B77A6B24A42B60B78B7D25B43B61C79C8B26D44D62B80A9C27A45B63A8110B28B46B64B8211C29C47A65A8312D30A48B66C8413C31D49D67B8514B32B50B68D8615D33B51C69D8716B34B52A70B8817B35B53D71A8918C36A54A72B90