英语语法助动词用法助动词练习题及答案解析 9页

英语语法助动词用法助动词练习题及答案5.1系动词　系动词亦称联系动词（LinkVerb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。例如：　　Hefellillyesterday.　他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）　　Hefellofftheladder.　他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。例如：Heisateacher.　他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand。例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.　他开会时总保持沉默。Thismatterrestsamystery.　此事仍是一个谜。3）表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look。例如：Helookstired.　他看起来很累。Heseems（tobe）verysad.　他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste。例如：　Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.　这种布手感很软。　Thisflowersmellsverysweet.这朵花闻起来很香。　5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run。例如：　　Hebecamemadafterthat.　自那之后，他疯了。　　Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.　她没多长时间就富了。6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达"证实"，"变成"之意。例如：　　Therumorprovedfalse.　这谣言证实有假。　　Thesearchproveddifficult.　搜查证实很难。　　Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.　他的计划终于成功了。（turnout表终止性结果） 5.2助动词1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。例如：　　Hedoesn"tlikeEnglish.　他不喜欢英语。（doesn"t是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）2）助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：　a.表示时态。例如：　　　Heissinging.　他在唱歌。　　　Hehasgotmarried.　他已结婚。　b.表示语态。例如： 　　　HewassenttoEngland.　他被派往英国。　c.构成疑问句。例如：　　　Doyoulikecollegelife?　你喜欢大学生活吗？　　　DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?　你来这儿之前学过英语吗？　d.与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。例如：　　　Idon"tlikehim.　我不喜欢他。　e.加强语气。例如：　　　Docometothepartytomorrowevening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。　　　Hedidknowthat.　他的确知道那件事。3）最常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would等。5.3助动词be的用法1）be+现在分词，构成进行时态。例如：Theyarehavingameeting.　他们正在开会。Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.英语现在越来越重要。2）　be+过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom..　窗户是汤姆打碎的。Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.　世界各地都教英语。3）be+动词不定式，可表示下列内容：　a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如：　　HeistogotoNewYorknextweek..　他下周要去纽约。　　Wearetoteachthefreshmen.　我们要教新生。　　说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。　b.表示命令。例如：　　Youaretoexplainthis.　对此你要做出解释。　　Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon.　要他今天下午来办公室。　c.　征求意见。例如：　　HowamItoanswerhim?　我该怎样答复他？　　Whoistogothere?　谁该去那儿呢？　d.表示相约、商定。例如：　　Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.　我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。5.4助动词have的用法1）have+过去分词，构成完成时态。例如：　　HehasleftforLondon.　他已去了伦敦。　　Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.　上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。　　2）have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时。例如：　IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。　3）have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如：　EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.中国教英语已经多年。　5.5助动词do的用法 1）构成一般疑问句。例如：　DoyouwanttopasstheCET?　你想通过大学英语测试吗？　DidyoustudyGerman?　你们学过德语吗？2）do+not构成否定句。例如：　Idonotwanttobecriticized.　我不想挨批评。　Hedoesn"tliketostudy.　他不想学习。　Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.　过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。3）构成否定祈使句。例如：　Don"tgothere.　不要去那里。　Don"tbesoabsent-minded.　不要这么心不在焉。说明：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。例如：　Docometomybirthdayparty.　一定来参加我的生日宴会。　Ididgothere.　我确实去那儿了。　Idomissyou.　我确实想你。5）用于倒装句。例如：　NeverdidIhearofsuchathing.　我从未听说过这样的事情。　OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。6）用作代动词。例如：　----DoyoulikeBeijing?　--你喜欢北京吗？　----Yes,Ido.　--是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替likeBeijing.）　Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesn"the?他知道如何开车，对吧？5.6助动词shall和will的用法　shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。例如：　　　IshallstudyharderatEnglish.　我将更加努力地学习英语。　　　HewillgotoShanghai.　　他要去上海。说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:　Heshallcome.　他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）　Hewillcome.　他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）5.7助动词should,would的用法1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。例如：　ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。　比较："WhatshallIdonextweek?"Iasked."我下周干什么？"我问道。　可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。例如：　　Hesaidhewouldcome.　他说他要来。比较："Iwillgo,"hesaid.他说："我要去那儿。"变成间接引语，就成了Hesaidhewouldcome。原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。5.8短语动词　　动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。例如：　　Turnofftheradio.　把收音机关上。（turnoff是短语动词）　　短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：1）动词+副词，如：blackout；2）动词+介词，如：lookinto；3）动词+副词+介词，如：lookforwardto。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词。5.9非谓语动词　　在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。1）不定式时态语态主动被动一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone 2）动名词时态语态主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone 3）分词时态语态主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone 否定形式：not+不定式，　not+动名词，　not+现在分词5.10助动词练习1.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we______afootballmatch.a.haveb.willhavec.hasd.shallhas2.Whenhewasatschool,he______earlyandtakeawalkbeforebreakfast.a.willriseb.shallriseb.shouldrisewouldrise3.Inthepast30yearsChina______greatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialistconstruction.a.hasmadeb.havemadec.hadmaded.havingmade4.I______gotobeduntilI______finishedmywork.a.don’t/hadb.didn’t/havec.didn’t/hadd.don’t/have5.______youthinkhe______backbydinnertime? a.Do/havecomeb.Did/willhavecomec.Does/willcomed.Do/willhavecome6.Hesaidthathedroppedhisbagwhenhe______forthebus.a.wasruningb.wasrunningc.wererunningd.isrunning7.Nosooner______hearrivedhomethanhe______tostartonanotherjourney.a.has/wasaskedb.have/wereaskedc.had/isaskedd.had/wasasked8.“______yougivemearoomforthenight?”Iaskedonarrivingatthehotel.a.Shouldb.Canc.Mightd.May9.Therearenineofthem,so______getintothecaratthesametime.a.theymaynotatallb.alltheymaynotc.theycan’talld.alltheycan’t10.“Wedidn’tseehimatthelectureyesterday.”“He______it.”a.mustn’tattendb.cannothaveattendedc.wouldhavenotattendedd.needn’thaveattended11.“Yourealizethatyouweredrivingat100mph,don’tyou?”“No,officer.I______.Thiscarcan’tdomorethan80.”a.didn’tneedtobeb.maynothavebeenc.couldn’thavebeend.needn’thavebeen12.hewasagoodrunnersohe______escapefromthepolice.a.mightb.succeededtoc.wouldd.wasableto13.Ifthey______,ourplanwillfallflat.a.areco-operatingb.hadnotco-operatedc.won’tco-operated.didn’tco-operate14.Ihoped______myletter.a.hertoanswerb.thatshewouldanswerc.thatsheanswersd.heranswering15.He______liveinthecountrythaninthecity.a.prefersb.likestoc.hadbetterd.wouldrather16.______toseeafilmwithustoday?a.Didyoulikeb.Wouldyoulikec.Willyouliked.Haveyouliked17.I’msorry,butIhadnoalternative.Isimply______whatIdid.a.mustdob.hadtodoc.oughttohavedoned.havetodo18.“Timeisrunningout,______?”a.     hadn’twebettergotstartb.hadn’twebettergetstartb.    hadn’twebettergetstartedd.hadn’twebetternotstarted19.Noone______thattohisface.a.daressayb.daressayingc.daresayd.daretosay20.Thestudentsintheclassroom______nottomakesomuchnoise.a.needb.oughtc.mustd.dare21.You______lastweekifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourwork.a.oughttocomeb.oughttobecomingc.oughthavecomed.oughttohavecome22.Theelephantsought______hoursagobythekeepers.a.tobefedb.tofeedc.tobeingfedd.tohavebeenfed23.“Iwonderwhythey’relate.”“They______thetrain.”a.canhavemissedb.couldmissc.mayhavemissedd.mightmiss24.“Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.”“He______havebeenanoutstandingstudent.”a.     mustb.couldc.shouldd.might25.You______theexaminationagainsinceyouhadalreadypassedit. a.needn’thavetakenb.didn’tneedtotakec.needn’ttaked.mustn’ttake26.Heisreallyincompetent!Theletter______yesterday.a.     shouldbefinishedtypingb.mustbefinishedtypingb.    musthavefinishedtypingc.shouldhavebeenfinishedtyping27.Theboytoldhisfatherthathewouldrather______anastronaut.a.becomeb.tobecomec.becomingd.became28.Whenwereachedthestation,thetrainhadstillnotarrived;sowe______.a.     needednottohurryb.needn’thavehurriedb.    neednottohavehurriedd.didn’tneedtohurry29.Sinceyourroommateisvisitingherfamilythisweekend,_____youliketohavedinnerwithustonight?a.willb.won’tc.wouldn’td.do30.Hewasafraidwhathehaddone______adisastrouseffectonhiscareer.a.mighthaveb.couldbec.havebeend.shallbe31.He______hardlysayanythingmore,sinceyouknowaboutit.a.don’tneedtob.needn’tc.needsd.need32.You______thelookonhisfacewhenhewontheprize.a.wouldhaveseenb.shouldhaveseenc.mustseed.canbeseeing33.Somepeoplethinkthestockmarketwillcrash,but______.a.     Iwonderifithappensb.Idoubtifitwillhappenc.Iamafraiditwouldn’thappend.Idoubtifitdoeshappen34.“WhateverhashappenedtoGeorge?”“Idon’tknow.He______lost.”a.canhavegotb.mayhavegotc.mightgetd.couldget35.Hehasnoideawhatthebookisabout.He______readthebook.a.couldn’tb.couldn’thavec.mightn’thaved.shouldn’thave36.NewstudiesshowthattwoofSaturn’srings______longerthanthe4.5billionyearssincethebirthoftheSolarSystem.a.couldhavelastedb.shouldhavelastedc.wouldhavelastedd.mustbelasting37.Takethetelescopewithyouincaseyou______itinyourexpedition.a.willneedb.wouldneedc.shouldneedd.couldneed38.Needhecomeatonce?Yes,he______.a.mustb.mustnotc.needd.may39.Pleaseanswerthephone.It______bebyyourfather.Ifitis,wouldyoutellthatIwanttoseehim?a.willb.shouldc.wouldd.could40.We’llnevergiveinwhateverthey______sayordo.a.mayb.willc.shalld.should41.Withallthisworkonhand,he______tothecinemalastnight.a.mustn’tgob.wouldn’tgoc.oughtn’tgod.shouldn’thavegone42.Everyone______thecakebecausetherewasn’tevenasmallpieceleft.a.mustlikeb.musthavelikedc.musthavebeenlikingd.hadliked43.IwishtorecollectwhereImether,______?a.     wouldIb.mayIc.maynotId.canI44.I______thinkhewill______daretherisk. a.not/..b.do/notc.../notd.don’t/..45.Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtime,it______beactive.a.maynotb.mustc.mightd.isnot46.You______yourseatstodayifyouwanttogotothegame.a.     hadbettertoreserveb.hadbetterreservec.hadtobetterreserved.hadtoreservebetter47.I______theoperationunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.a.     wouldrathernothaveb.wouldnotratherhadb.    ratherwouldnothaved.rathernotwouldhave48.Manyscientists______theirowneyesandearsthanthetheoriesoftheancients.a.     wouldrathertobelieveb.wouldratherbelievec.ratherwouldbelieved.willratherbelieve49.TotravelfromEnglandtoScotlandyou______apassport.a.haven’tgotb.mustn’thavec.needn’td.don’tneed50.Oneofthestatements______tobeuntrue.a.isturnedoutb.hasturnedoutc.havebeenturnedoutd.haveturnedout51.Idon’tknowwhetheritwillrainornot,butifit______rain,Ishallstayathome.a.willb.didc.doesd.shall52.“You’dlikesometea,______?”a.wouldn’tyoub.shouldn’tyouc.hadn’tyoud.didn’tyou53.“Maywetakethebooksout?”a.No,youmaynotb.No,youcannotc.No,youcan’td.Pleasedon’t54.“Iwouldhavecomesooner,butI______thatyouwerewaiting.”a.didn’tknowb.hasn’tknownc.hadn’tknowd.haven’tknown55.Ifyoudon’twantto,you______togettherewithus.a.mustn’tb.can’tc.don’thaved.havenot56.IwouldgotovisitthembutI______thinktheyareanxioustoseeme.a.haven’tb.don’tc.doesn’td.didn’t57.Whateveryoucando,______.a.     Icandosoaswellb.Icandothisaswellb.    Icandoitaswelld.Icandoaswell58._____-IrealizedtheconsequencesIwouldneverhavecontemplatedgettinginvolved.a.Hadb.Havec.Havingd.Has59.“PerhapssheisworkingforJohn.”“Yes,she______forhim.”a.     needhavebeenworkingb.maybeworkingb.    oughthavebeenworkingd.oughtbeworking60.“IknowshewasinbecauseIheardherradio,butshedidn’topenthedoor.”“She______thebell.”a.     maynotbehearingb.maynothaveheardb.    mustnothaveheardd.mustnotbehearing61.“Hewassmoking.”“Thenhe______.”a.     oughttohavebeennotsmokingb.oughttohavenotbeensmokingb.    oughtnottohavebeensmokingd.oughttonothavebeensmoking62.You______outyesterdaywithoutacoat.Nowonderyoucaughtcold. a.oughtn’thavegoneb.shouldn’thavegonec.mustn’thavegoned.can’thavegone63.“Paulwasridingabicyclealongthemotorwaywhenhewashitbythetrailerofalorry.”“He_____abicyclealongthemotorway;bicyclesarenotallowed.”a.     shouldn’thavebeenridingb.couldn’thavebeenridingc.oughtn’thavebeenridingd.can’thavebeenriding64.Iamlistening.Butyou______.a.needbelisteningb.shouldbelisteningc.needhavebeenlisteningd.oughtbelistening65.He______withuslastnight.a.     wouldhavelikedtogob.shouldliketobegoingb.    shouldbelikedtogod.wouldliketogo66.I______hisfacewhenheopenedtheletter.a.     shouldlikeyoutoseeb.wouldhavelikedyoutobeseenb.    shouldlikeyoutohaveseend.wouldlikeyoutosee67.Yousayyou______doit,butIsayyou______doit.a.oughtnot/couldb.willnot/shallc.couldnot/needd.shallnot/ought68.We______putthemeetingoffforaweek.a.canaswellb.willaswellc.shallaswelld.mayaswell69.______windyourwatcheveryday?a.Doyouneedb.Mustyouhavetoc.Haveyoutod.Doyouhaveto70.______givehimachancetotry?a.Oughtn’ttoweb.Oughtn’twetoc.Oughttowenotd.Oughtn’twe71.“Didyoublamehimforhismistakes?”“______”a.I’drathernotdob.I’dnotratherdoc.I’dbetternotdod.I’drathernotdoing72.Youhadbetter______yourhaircut.a.hadb.havec.togetd.tohave73.Mysisterdidn’tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshe______thebabyforherfrienduntil9:30.a.     musthavelookedafterb.wouldhavetolookafterb.    hadtolookafterd.shouldhavelookedafter74.Maryisverylate,she______.a.     maymisshertrainb.mayhavemissedhertrainc.mustmisshertraind.couldmisshertrain75.Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,he______tohisownviews.a.     wouldalwaysstickb.willalwaysstickc.shouldalwaysstickd.mustalwaysstickto76.It’swonderfulthatyou______haveachievedsomuchintheseyears.a.mayb.canc.shouldd.would77.Thestudentsaskedwhetherhe______takethebooksoutofthereading-room.a.couldb.mightc.shouldd.would78.He______stillbethinkingaboutthequestionyouraised.a.mayb.mightc.mustd.should79.I’dbegladifyou______givemeanaccountofthefact.a.     shallb.shouldc.wouldd.may80.He______accomplishthetaskintime.a.didb.hasc.isd.do 助动词练习答案1B19C37C55C73C2D20B38A56B74B3A21D39D57D75B4C22D40A58A76C5D23C41D59B77A6B24A42B60B78B7D25B43B61C79C8B26D44D62B80A9C27A45B63A8110B28B46B64B8211C29C47A65A8312D30A48B66C8413C31D49D67B8514B32B50B68D8615D33B51C69D8716B34B52A70B8817B35B53D71A8918C36A54A72B90