英语语法之时态和体 30页

VerbTensesandAspectsCollegeEnglishGrammar Tense时态1.DefinitionItreferstotheabsolutelocationofaneventoractionintime,eitherthepresentorthepast.时表示动作发生的时间2.ThereareonlytwotensesinEnglish:presentandpast. Aspect体1.DefinitionItreferstohowaneventoractionistobeviewedwithrespecttotime,ratherthantoitsactualloationintime.体表示动作发生的状态，动作是进行中还是已经完成。2.Thereisperfectiveaspect完成体,progressiveaspect进行体andperfectprogressiveaspect完成进行体. A.有些表示感觉、感情、情绪、精神活动、拥有关系等的动词，一般不用进行时态，常见的这类词有：表示感知的：hear,feel,notice,smell表示意愿情感的：hate,like,love，want,prefer表示思考看法的：believe,expect,forget,realize,表示所有：consist,belongto,possess,hold。 例如：Sheisresemblinghermother.(误)Sheresembleshermother.(正)Iamknowingheiswrong.(误)Iknowheiswrong.(正) 完成时态现在完成过去完成将来完成 下列句型中常用现在完成时：1.Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since从句2.This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)timethat+完成时3.This(That/It)istheonly…+that+完成时4.This(that/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that从句+完成时 这是我第一次听她唱歌。ThisisthefirsttimethatI’veheardhersing.这将是我第二次看这部电影。ItwillbethesecondtimeI’veseenthefilm. 这是我看过的最好的电影。ItisthebestfilmI’veeverseen.这是他写的最有趣的小说。Thisisthemostinterestingnovelhehaseverwritten. 过去完成时常用过去完成时的几种情况：A.在by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。E.g.Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation. B.表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly/Scarcely/Nosoonerhad+主语+过去分词+when/than一般过去时。 Shehadhardlygonetobedwhenthebellrang.她一上床铃就响了。Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.他们刚离开那座大楼，炸弹就爆炸了。 将来完成时表示将来某一时刻或某一时刻之前完成的动作或所处的状态。构成：shall(will)+have+过去分词Bythetime/theendof+表示将来时间的短语Beforetheendof+表示将来时间的短语 明天的这个时候你就会到上海了。Bythistimetomorrowyou___________(arrive)inShangHai.A:willhavearrived 完成进行时态完成进行时可以分为三种：现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时。现在完成进行时：have/hasbeen+现在分词，表示过去某一时刻开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在的某一时刻。这种时态侧重于这个动作的连续性或不间断性。 Ihavebeenlookingformylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven"tfoundit.我三天前就已经开始找我的书了，但还是没有找到。Oh,thereyouare!Ihavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.哦，你在这里啊，我一直在到处找你啊。 1.BythetimewereachLondon,we_______nearlyathousandmiles.A.shalltravelB.havetraveledC.shallhavetraveledD.aretraveling2.Myparents_________herelastnight,buttheycouldn’t.A.weretohavecomeB.cameC.havecomeD.willcome 3.Iboughtanewhouselastyear,butI________myoldhouseyet,soatthemomentIhavetwohouses.A.didnotsellB.hadnotsoldC.donotsellD.havenotsold 4.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium___inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted 5.Bob’sleggothurt________thePurpleMountains.A.whileheisclimbingupB.whileweclimbedupC.whilewewereclimbingupD.whileheclimbedup 6.---Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.---Iamtired.I_____thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted 7.—Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?—I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did 8.He_____tothelabthanhesetouttodotheexperiment.A.hasnosoonergotB.nosoonergotC.willnosoonergetD.hadnosoonergot9.JohnandI_______friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe____eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen,haveseenB.haveseen,haveseenC.hadbeen,hadseenD.havebeen,hadseen说明：本题的关键词是than，与than搭配的结构只有sb.hadnosoonerdonethan…。说明：第一句表示到现在为止认识有八年了，后一句表示在认识之前见过几次面。DD 10.Thefifthgenerationcomputerswithartificialintelligence________andperfectednow.A.developedB.arebeingdevelopedC.havedevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped 11.Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone________methatevening.A.hadinterruptedC.tohaveinterruptedB.wouldhaveinterruptedD.tointerrupted 12.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she_____muchbetterresultsnow.A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldget 13.WhatwereyoudoingjustnowwhileI________theexperiment?A.shallbemakingB.madeC.wasmakingD.hadmade 14.Theprices_________goneupallthetimeinthepastfewyearssothatcomplaintscanbeheardeverywhere.A.keepB.keptC.havekeptD.are 15.By1988,scientistssurely_________acureofthecommoncold.A.havediscoveredB.mustdiscoverC.arediscoveringD.haddiscovered Thankyouverymuch!