英语语法之虚拟语气的用法大总结 8页

虚拟语气的用法总结语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。语气的种类：（1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如Weareready.Whatafinedayitis!（2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如Openthedoor,Please.应注意以下几点：1.主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用donot或者don’t加动词原形（或be）如Becarefulnexttime.Don’tsmokehere.2.有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或者-es如Youbequiet.Hestandup.3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如DocometoseethisSunday.4.在Let’s的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shallwe；在Letus后，疑问部分用willyou如Let’sgooutforawalkaftersupper，shallwe?/Letuscleanourclassroom,willyou?5.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如Thinkhardandyouwillhaveagoodidea.（3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，列表如下：从句（条件句）主句（结果句）与现在事实相反的假设1）动词过去式2）Be一般用wereShouldWould+动词原形CouldMight与过去事实相反的假设Had+分词ShouldWould+have+过去分词CouldMight与将来事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小1）should+动词原形2）wereto+动词原形ShouldWould+动词原形CouldMight例如：Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifhermotherhadtakenthedoctor’sadvice,shewould/mighthavegotwellearlier.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thematchwouldbecanceled.有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had/should/were等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：8 Wereittoraintomorrow,ourpicnicwouldbecanceled.Haditnotbeenforthestorm,wewouldhavearrivedintime.Shouldtheearthstoprunning,whatwouldhappen?二.错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。Ifshehadtakenthedoctor’sadvice,shemightstillbealive.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhaveacceptedtheirterms.三．含蓄条件句1.有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如Withoutair(Iftherewerenoair),therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp),Icouldn’thavedoneit.2.假设的条件通过上下文表现出来。IwouldgoabroadforfurtherstudybutthatIampoor.Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartintheparty.3.表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。（1）省去条件从句Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.（你本可以自己洗衣服的。）省去了Ifyouhadwantedto。（事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）（2）省去主句（常用以表示愿望）Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!(如果我的祖母和我在一起多好啊！)事实是：祖母已不在世。四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用①“wish+宾语从句”表示不可能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……、悔不该……、但愿……”。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；表示将来不可能实现的愿望用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不可能实现的愿望时用“had+过去分词”。如：IwishIwerebetter-looking.要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。IwishIhadmetthefilmstarjustnow.我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊！IwishIwouldbeasolider.我想当一名军人。【考例】HowIwisheveryfamilyalargehousewithabeautifulgarden!(上海2002春)A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad【答案】B。②在表示建议、要求、愿望、命令、坚持、想法(advise,command,demand,decide,desire,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,require,suggest)等动词后面的宾语从句，或这些动词的同源名词后面所跟的同位语从句或表语从句中，从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，其中在美国英语中，should常省略。如：TheyoungmaninsistedthatI(should)gowithhisfellows.这个年轻人坚持要我同他的同伴们一起去。Thedoctoradvisedthathechangehisjob.医生建议他换工作。【考例】Teachersrecommendparentstheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.(福建2010)A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow8 【答案】A。③在wouldrather后的宾语从句中，谓语常常用过去时来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。如：—ShallIopenthewindow?我可以把窗户打开吗?—I’dratheryoudidn’t.我觉得还是不要。【考例】Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhemoreonitsculture.(江苏2010)A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused【答案】B。④在Itis+形容词(important,necessary,good,right,wrong,better,natural,proper,funny,strange,surprising)+that从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)+动词原形”的结构。如：Itisnaturalthatshe(should)doso.很自然她应该这样做。【考例】—Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathetoMiamibuttoNewYork?—Iagree,buttheproblemishehasrefusedto.(江苏2005)A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what【答案】B。五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用1.ifonly的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气ifonly与Iwish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所接虚拟语气的时态与wish后所接时态的情况相同。如：Ifonlytheplayerhadhadmorecourage!这位选手再多有一些勇气就好了。IfonlyDaisywouldgowithme!黛茜要是愿意和我一起去就好了!【考例】LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyIyouradvice.(上海2003春)A.followedB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow【答案】C。2.asif(asthough)方式状语从句中的虚拟语气asif(asthough)引导的方式状语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。(1)asif从句用陈述语气的情况。当说话者所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如：Itsoundsasifitisraining.听起来像是在下雨。(2)asif从句用虚拟语气的情况。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：①从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas.他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。②从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。如：HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过似的。③从句表示将来发生的可能性不大，谓语动词用“would(could,might)＋动词原形”。如：8 Itlooksasifitmightsnow.看起来好像要下雪了。3.目的状语从句中的虚拟语气（1）以inorderthat,sothat引导的目的状语从句中，谓语多用could/might+动词原形，在口语中常用can/could+动词原形Shetookataxisothatshecouldgetthereontime.(2)以lest,forfearthat和incase引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用（should）+动词原形。Shetookanumbrellawithherlest/forfearthat/incaseitshouldrain.六．其他形式的虚拟语气1.It’stimethat句型中的虚拟语气在It’stimethat句型中，从句谓语通常用一般过去时或should+动词原形(should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该做某事了”。如：It’shightimethatwewereoff.是我们该走的时候了。2.在would/hadrather,would(just)assoon,wouldsooner和wouldprefer结构中，也用虚拟语气。共同特点是：从句中动词用一般过去时，表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时，则表示过去的情况。I’dratheryoulefttomorrow.Iwouldjustassoonyouhadtoldmethetruthyesterday.Iwouldratherhaveboughtthedictionary.3.表示“祝愿”时，常用“may+主语+动词原形+其它”。如：Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!祝你一路顺风！Mayyouryouthlastforever!祝你青春永驻！■强化训练■1.morecareful,hisbuswouldnothaveknockedintothetree.A.Ifthedriverwere　　　B.HadthedriverbeenC.Shouldthedriverbe　　D.Ifthedriverwouldhavebeen2.thefootballcompetition,Iwouldhavegonetotheconcertyesterday.A.Inspiteof　B.Butfor　C.BecauseofD.Asfor3.Lookattheterriblesituationyouarein!Ifonlyyoumyadvice!A.listento　　B.wouldlistentoC.hadlistenedto　D.havelistenedto4.HadHenryreceivedtwomorevotesinthelastelection,heourmonitornow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.were　　D.wouldbe5.Iftheathletewontoday,heeightracesinagame.A.wouldhavewonB.won　　C.musthavewon　D.didhavewon6.Itistimethatourmayormeasurestoprotectthepoorinthestreet.A.takes　　B.took　　C.hastaken　D.taking7.IfIhadreadthereport,I_______youallaboutitnow.A.wouldtell　　B.willtell　C.havetold　　D.wouldhavetold8.—It’sapityyoudidn’twonthecompetition.—Ihadhadmorepractice.A.IfonlyB.AsifC.IfnotD.AswithKey:1-5BBCDA6-8BAA8 虚拟语气专项练习60题1.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired A.drove;didn’tget        B.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot4._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridgeA.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will5.Isuggestedtheperson_____tobeputintoprisonA.refersB.referringC.referredD.refer6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhim A.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldto;is8.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday---Iwouldrathershe____metomorrowthantodayA.tellsB.toldC.wouldtellD.hadtold9.---Wouldyouhavecalledherup?---Yes,butI____busydoingmyhomeworkA.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe 10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeetA.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin 11.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasilyA.Haditnotbeenfor  B.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor12.Ifmylawyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoingA.hadbeen,wouldhaveprevented  B.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,prevent           D.were,wouldhaveprevented 13.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamA.Ifheweretowork   B.Hadheworked C.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork14.____today,hewouldgettherebyFridayA.WerehetoleaveB.Ifhehadleft  C.Didhetoleave  D.Hadheleft15.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnowA.areB.were   C.wouldbe  D.wouldhavebeen16.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrotherA.hascome  B.didcome  C.come   D.hadcome17.He____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.A.was,hadhelped  B.was,wouldhavehelped      C.hadbeen,wouldhavehelped D.were,wouldhavehelped18.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterdayA.werenot,couldhaveclimb  B.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbed    D.hadn’tbeen,couldclimb 19.Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifficulttodayA.is B.willbeC.wouldhavebeen  D.wouldbe8 20.---Iamgoingtotellherthenews---Iwouldassoonasyou_____heraboutit A.didn’ttell  B.don’ttellC.hadn’ttell D.won’ttell21.Mike’sfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe____homeA.stayed B.couldstay    C.hasstayed    D.stay22.Itwasrequestedthattheplay____againA.shouldputonB.wouldputon  C.beputon D.puton23.Sheinsistedthatadoctor_____immediatelyA.hadsentfor  B.send   C.besentfor      D.wassent24.---Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness----Yes,but____itA.I’drathernotdo   B.I’drathernothavedone      C.Ishould’tdo  D.I’dbetternotdo25.IfonlyI___mycarA.hadn’tlost     B.wouldn’tlose   C.didn’tlose     D.haven’tlost26.Butforwater,it____impossibletoliveintheearthA.is B.would  beC.were   D.wouldn’tbe27.Iwouldratheryou____anythingaboutitforthetimebeingA.do B.didn’tdoC.don’t D.didn’t28.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe____theirownsonA.is B.were   C.hadbeen  D.shouldbe29.Howtheoldpeoplewishthatthey____youngoncemoreA.were   B.couldbecome  C.hadbeen  D.shouldbe30.Itishightimethatwe____ameetingtodiscussthisproblemA.hold   B.held   C.haveheld     D.hadheld31.Thethiefclosedhiseyes____he____dyingA.evenif,was B.though,wouldbe     C.even,hadbeen   D.asif,were32.Iwishthatyou____suchabadheadachebecauseIamsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcertA.hadnotB.didnothavehad     C.hadn’thad      D.hadn’thave33.Thechairmaninsistedthatwe____thequestionagainA.willdiscuss  B.todiscuss    C.shoulddiscussD.willbediscussed34.Herequestedthatthestudents____themgetincropsA.help   B.tohelpC.helped D.helping35.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_____therulesA.obeys  B.Obey   C.willobey D.wouldobey36.IwishI____herethenA.was    B.hadbeen  C.were   D.wouldbe37.Itisstrangethathe____backsoearlyA.came   B.willcome C.hadcome  D.shouldhavecome38.MothersuggestedthatI___myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingTVA.did    B.do C.shalldo  D.havedone39.Mysuggestionisthatthemeeting____offtillnestSundayA.beput B.put    C.shouldput    D.hadbeenput40.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe____thereA.hadbeen  B.hasbeen  C.was    D.been8 41.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeelevenA.mustfinish   B.wouldbefinished    C.befinished   D.mustbefinished42.---Sorry,Joe.Ididnotmeanto……----Don’tcallme“Joe”,IamMr.Parkertoyou,and____youforgetit!A.do B.didn’tC.did       D.don’t www.rr365.com43.IdidnotattendthelecturebyPro.Jackson.I____butI____allthismorningA.would,havewashed   B.could,havebeenwashingC.wouldhave,havebeenwashing  D.couldhave,hadwashing44.HowIwishI____torepairthewatch!IonlymadeitworseA.hadtried B.hadn’ttried C.havetriedD.didn’ttry45.----HowcouldIthankyouenough? ----Don’tmentionit.Anyotherman____itA.mustdoB.coulddoC.wouldhavedone    D.shouldhavedone46.KeyEuropeangovernmentsinsistIraq’sco-operation____goodandmilitaryaction______toallowinspectionstocontinueA.be,bedelayedB.is,delay     C.shouldbe,bedelayedD.is,bedelayed47.Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringtheday-time,____moredeathsA.itwouldhavebeen   B.itwouldbe   C.therewouldbeD.therewouldhavebeen48.Whatthecustomers_____fromthecompanyisthatthegoods____righttotheirhomes.A.requested,deliverB.demand,bedeliveredC.request,shoulddeliver D.demand,delivered49.Iflaw-breakers_____thesocietywillbeindisorderA.madeunpunished  B.cameunpunished      C.wentunpunished      D.notpunished50.Wetookataxitotheairport.Otherwisewe____lateA.wouldbe  B.were   C.willbeD.wouldhavebeen51.Supposinghenever____,whatwouldhappenthenA.come   B.came   C.wouldcomeD.willcome52.Whatdoyouthinkhisproposalthatwe____aplayattheEnglishmeetingA.hadputonB.shouldputon C.haveputon   D.willputon53.Ihopethatyou____rightA.willbeB.shouldbe C.were   D.wouldbe54.Asyouknow,Iamadisabledman,butIwouldbehappyifI___ofservicetoyouA.am B.havebeen C.shouldbe D.wouldbe55.Heinsistedthatwe____earlythenextmorningA.start  B.startedC.wouldstart   D.hadstarted56.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrotherA.hascome  B.didcome  C.hadcome  D.came57.We____lastnight,butwewenttothecinemainsteadA.musthavestudiedB.mightstudy   C.wouldstudy   D.wouldhavestudied58.Ifit_____thesnow,we_____theSimianMountainlastweekA.werenot,couldhaveclimbedB.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbed  D.hadnotbeen,couldclimb59.IfonlyI_____mywatch! A.hadn’tlost B.haven’tlost   C.didn’tlost  D.don’tlose  60.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.  A.maynotmake            B.mightnotmake C.shouldn’thavemade    D.mightnothavemade  8 答案1-5CBDBC   6-10CCBAA  11-12DABAC    16-20DBCDA21-25DCCBA   26-30BBABB  31-35DCABB    36-40DBAAC41-45DCBCD  46-50DBCDB  51-55BBACA   56-60CDCAD IfIcouldsavethetimeinabottle thefirstthingthatI"dliketodoistosaveeverydayuntileternitypassesawayjusttospendthemwithyouIfIcouldmakedayslastforeverIfwordscouldmakewishescometrueI"dsaveeverydaylikeatreasureandthenainIwouldspendthemwithyou若我能将时间装进瓶中存储我会做的头一件事便是装入已逝的每日、直到永久分分秒秒，与你共度若我能让时光永驻若说出的愿望可以成真我将会将每天视为宝藏将这天天与你共度 8