初中英语语法专题讲练结合十四动词语态 6页

博锐精品教育英语学习第十四课时-动词语态一、课前回顾一）选择题1.Whenthey______throughtheforest,abear_____atthem.A.walked…wascomingB.werewalking…CameC.weretalking…comesD.walk…iscoming2.Ayoungman_____herwhileshe_____herwork.A.watched…wasfinishingB.waswatching…finished C.watched…FinishedD.waswatching…wasfinishing3.Whilemother_____somewashing,I______akiteforKack.A.did…madeB.wasdoing…MadeC.wasdoing…wasmakingD.did…wasmaking4.I_____myselfFrenchfrom7to9yesterdaymorning.I_____towork.A.wasteaching…didn"tgoB.taught…didn"tgoC.wasteaching…wentD.taught…went5.He_____amodelplanewhenIcametoseehim.A.makesB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.made6.I______aletteratninelastnight.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.iswriting7.Theteacher_____(give)usahistorylessonwhenTomwalkedintotheclassroom.A.gaveB.isgivingC.wasgivenD.wasgiving8.Therewillbeafootballmatchintwodays,thatis_______.A.lastSundayB.nextSundayC.everySundayD.thisSunday9.We______classmeetingthisNovember.A.hadB.haveC.willhaveD.arehaving10.He______inhisgardeneverymorningnextyear. A.willworkB.worksC.workedD.isworking11.Becareful.Thetrain______.A.willcomeB.C.comesD.iscoming12.Lookatthoseclouds.It_____soon,I"mafraid.A.isgoingtorainB.israiningC.willrainD.won"train13.Theradiosaysit______thedayaftertomorrow.A.isgoingtosnowB.issnowingC.willsnowD.snows14._____he_____someshoppingtomorrowafternoon?A.Will…doesB.isgoingtodoC.is…doingD.Shall…do 15.Whatday_____it______tomorrow?Wednesday.A.is…goingtobeB.will…beC.shall…beD.does…be 16.Theboy_______sixteenyearsoldnextyear.A.isgoingtobeB.isgrowingtobeC.willbeD.is 17._____you____meupatsix,please?A.Are…goingtowakeB.Are…wakingC.Will…wakeD.Do…wake6 博锐精品教育18.Ifhe______tocollege,he_____alotmore.A.willgo…willlearnB.willgo…isgoingtolearnC.isgoing…isgoingtolearnD.goes…willlearn19.Whenshe_____nexttime,l______hereverything.A.isgoingtocome…shalltellB.willcome…shalltell C.comes…willtellD.come…willtell20.Whatday____it____tomorrow?It____Tuesday.A.is…goingtobe…isB.will…be…willC.is…goingtobe…isgoingD.willbe…willbees二）用所给词的适当形式填空：1.Idon’tbelieveshetoldusthe__________.(true)2.Mydeskmatelooked_____________,forhefailedintheEnglishtest.(happy)3.Theoldladylooked____________atme.(angry)4.Ourgovernmentisdoingsomethingusefultosolvethe________problems.(environment)5.It’sreally________forachildoffivetotakecareofhimself.(possible)6．Theoldmanlikestoliveina_________place.Nowheissittingthere________.(quiet)7．Heisa___________scientist.Hecomesfrom_________.(German)8.Thegirlisthemost__________memberintheschoolsinginggroup.(act)9..Iamnotusedtotheweatherhere.Itis.(change)10.________,IhavejustgotenoughmoneytobuythenewCDs.(lucky)11.Stayingupatnightis__________toourhealth.(harm)12.Theywilldecideon_________(suit)waystohelpthose___________(home)people.二、知识讲解一）动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,2.或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。被动语态结构：be+过去分词+(by…)在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。时态被动语态结构一般现在时 am/is/aredone一般过去时 was/weredone现在进行时 am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/werebeingdone一般将来时shall/will/begoingtobedone过去将来时 Wouldbedone现在完成时 have/hasbeendone过去完成时 hadbeendone6 博锐精品教育例.Somepeopleattackedthetowers.SVOThetowerswereattackedbysomepeople.SV1）Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.-Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday．2)Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam．Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo…．3)WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree．Afallentreewasbeingcutup,whenIgotthere.4)We’llputontheplaynextSunday．TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday．5)Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool．Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool．6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear．Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear．7)Weshouldprotecttheearth．Theearthshouldbeprotected．8)Youneedtopaintthewall．Thewallneedstobepainted．（1）若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watchTheteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).　　Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.（2）情态动词+be+过去分词，构成被动语态。　　Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.二）let的用法1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to的不定式。　　Theyletthestrangego.--->Thestrangewasletgo.2）若let后宾补较长时，let通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit代替。　　Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.---->Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital三）短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。　　Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeensetupinmyhometown.　　MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.　　Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore..四）表示"据说"或"相信"的词组believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand6 博锐精品教育Itissaidthat…　　据说　　Itisreportedthat…据报道　　　Itisbelievedthat…　大家相信　　　　　Itishopedthat…　大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知　　Itisthoughtthat…　大家认为Itissuggestedthat…　据建议　　　　　Itistakengrantedthat…　被视为当然　Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定　　Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.五）不用被动语态的情况1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.　Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.　　　(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised.　　　　　　　　　　(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.(错)Pleaseseat.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(对)Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.3)系动词无被动语态：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。　　(对)Shelikestoswim.　　(错)Toswimislikedbyher.六）主动形式表示被动意义6 博锐精品教育1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…　　Thebooksellswell.　　这本书销路好。　　Thisknifecutseasily.　这刀子很好用。2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,build　　Iwastoblamefortheaccident.　　Muchworkremains.3)在need,require,want,worth(形容词),deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。　　Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.　　Thisroomneedscleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。　　Thisbookisworthreading.　这本书值得一读。4)特殊结构：makesb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，havesth.done(要某人做某事)。七）被动形式表示主动意义bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarriesHeisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.注意：表示同某人结婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.都可。　　Hemarriedarichgirl.Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.八）need/want/require/worth注意：当need,want,require,worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。　　　Yourhairwantscutting.　你的头发该理了。　　　Thefloorrequireswashing.地板需要冲洗。　　　Thebookisworthreading.　这本书值得一读。典型例题　　Thelibraryneeds___,butit"llhavetowaituntilSunday.　A.cleaning　B.becleaned　C.clean　D.beingcleaned　　答案A.need(实意)+n/todo，need(情态)+do，当为被动语态时，还可need+doing.本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有tobeclean则也为正确答案。典：done，"不可能已经"。mustnotdo不可以（用于一般现在时)。三、课后巩固1.Newspapersaremade__paper.Paperismade__wood.A.from/ofB.of/fromC.of/inD.in/from2.Alotofnewroads___builtinthewestofChina.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have3.Thisdictionarymustn’t____fromthelibrary.A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway4.Myshoes____.Iwentoutforanewpair.A.iswornoutB.woreoutC.werewornoffD.werewornout5.Hiscar___tomorrow.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired6 博锐精品教育6.Whenyourhomework____,wewillgotoplayfootball.A.isdoneB.aredoneC.haddoneD.willbedone7.Heaskedme_______.A.whatthepaperisusedB.whatthepaperwasusedforC.whatwasthepapermadeofD.what’sthepaperusedas8.Threefourthsoftheinformationontheinternet___inEnglish.A.amB.isC.areD.be9.Englishiswidelyused.Manybusinesslettersaroundtheworld___init.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting10.Thispairofscissors___inChina.A.MakeB.madeC.ismadeD.aremade11.Threequartersofthemessages_____bytelegraph.WassentB.weresentC.SentD.send12.Inthepast10years,China____upmanyman-madesatellites.A.hasbeensentB.hassentC.wassentD.sent13.They___tohelpthefarmerswiththeharvestlastautumn.askedB.askingC.toaskD.wereasked14.Wearealwayskept____.tosmokingB.onsmokingC.fromsmokingD.offsmoking15.Nothingcanstopus___English.A.learnB.learningC.learnedD.learns16.Mary___somesongsinherroominthemorning.A.heardsingB.heardtosingC.washeardsingD.isheardtosing17.Mary___anEnglishsonginherroomlastnight.A.washeardtosingB.isheardtosingC.washeardsingingD.isheardsinging18.Theguidesaidthatthedinosaureggs____about95millionyearsago.layB.werelayC.laidD.werelaid19.Wefoundtheground____snow.A.coverwithB.iscoveredwithC.wascoveredwithD.wascoveringwith20.Theshopassistantshowedahat_____redsilktous.A.madefromB.madeofC.wasmadeofD.wasmadefrom21.Wecanfindmanypictures____byXuBeihonginthemuseum.A.drawingB.drawnC.drewD.todraw22.Havethesewords_____byusyesterday?beenlearntB.learntC.learnedD.werelearnt23.Haveyouheardofadinosaur_____feathers?A.wascoveredbyB.wascoveredwithC.coveredwithD.coveredby24.About500cars___inthefactorynextmonth.A.wereproducedB.willbeproducedC.willbemadeD.havebeenproduced25.She______for10years.A.hasbeenmarryB.hasmarriedC.hasbeenmarriedD.havemarry6