- 165.50 KB
- 2022-06-17 16:01:58 发布
- 1、本文档共5页,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,可选择认领,认领后既往收益都归您。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细先通过免费阅读内容等途径辨别内容交易风险。如存在严重挂羊头卖狗肉之情形,可联系本站下载客服投诉处理。
- 文档侵权举报电话:19940600175。
初中英语语法之形容词,副词形容词:v 一、形容词的一般用法 1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如,It’s a cold and windy day. 2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。 例如,He looks happy today. 3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。 例如,Would you like something hot to drink? 4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。 例如,How long is the river? It’s about two hundred metres long. 5.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的 例如,The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误) 6.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的 例如,My elder brother is in Beijing.(正) My brother is elder. (误) 7.貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的 8.复合形容词:snow-white雪白的 English-speaking说英语的;glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的;well-known众所周知的;kind-hearted善良的;man-made人造的;take-away可以带走的;ten-year-old十岁的。 二、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为: 若有多个形容修饰名词,它们的位置要由它们与被修饰词的密切程度来决定。其排列顺序通常是:(县官行令杀国材)限定词+描绘性形容词+颜色+国籍、地区+用途、类别+名:v县,即“限”,指限定词,如:the;a/an;this;that;your;my;v官,即“观”,指观点或评价性词,如:lovely;interesting;cutev行,即“形”,指形状大小,如:large;big;small;little;round;v令,即“龄”,指年龄及新旧,如:new;old;ancient;old…v杀,即“色”,指颜色,如:red;green;orange;brown…v国,指国家或出处,如:Chinese;Japanese;home-made…v材,指材料,也就是用什么做的。如:glass;stone;wood 三、形容词常用句型 1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。 例如,It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我,真好。It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.) It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。 2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。例如,It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)12
It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school on time is necessary for us.)3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad(高兴的),pleased(高兴的),sad(忧伤的),thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。 例如,Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。 I’m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻,我非常难过。4.表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。 例如,Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。四、有关形容词的用法辨析:⑴whole与all:记住两个词序:①thewhole+名词;②all(of)the+名词。如:Hewasbusythewholemorning.(整个早晨他都很忙)/Hecanrememberallthewordshelearns.(他能记住学过的所有单词)⑵tall与high,short与low:指人的个子时用tall与short;指其他事物时一般用high与low。如:He’sverytall/short.(他个子高/矮)/Talltreesarestandingonbothsidesofthatavenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木)/Afewpeopleliveonhighmountains.(少量的人住在高山上)⑶real与true:real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”;而true则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。如:Thisisarealdiamond(钻石)andit’sveryexpensive.(这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵)/--Isthattrue?—Yes.Ihearditwithmyownears.(那真实吗?是的,我亲耳所听)⑷interested与interesting的区别:interesting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语,而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语。如:Themanisveryinterestingandallthechildrenlikehim.(这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他)/Thisbookisinterestingandyoucanreallyenjoyyourself.(这本书很有趣,你会真正获得享受)/Iaminterestedinscience.(我对自然科学感兴趣)⑸such用法:such+a(n)+名词(单数)(+that从句)。如:Ihaveneverseensuchafoolish(愚蠢的)boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩)/Hehadsuchaterribleaccidentthathecouldneverforgetit.(他遭遇了这么可怕的事故,他永远也不会忘记)⑹good与well:表示“好”时,作定语或表语用good,作状语用well;表示“(身体)好”时用well.如:Doingsportsisgoodforus.(进行运动对我们有益)/Studywellandmakeprogresseveryday.(好好学习,天天向上)/--Howareyou?—Iamverywell.(你好吗?我很好。)⑺nice与fine:的区别:nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等;fine一般指身体或天气好。如:Let’sgoandshare(分享)thenicecake.(我们去分享那块美味的蛋糕吧)/Sheisanicegirl.(他是个漂亮的姑娘)/Whatafineday!(多好的天气!)/He’sfinerecently(最近).(近来他身体不错)⑻toomuch与muchtoo:toomuch表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量;muchtoo表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。如:IamfullbecauseIhavehadtoomuchrice.(我饱了,因为我吃了太多的米饭)/Thatcoatismuchtoodear.(那件大衣太贵了)⑼quick、fast与soon:quick与fast基本同义,quick往往指反应速度快,fast往往指运动速度快,而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。如:Afteraquickbreakfast,hehurriedtoschoolleavinghisbagathome.(匆匆地吃过早饭,他朝学校赶去,却把书包忘记在家)/Atrainismuchfasterthanabus.(火车比公共汽车快得多)/HisfatherwillbebacktoChinaverysoon.(他父亲很快就要返回中国)⑽lonely与alone:lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是:“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语;alone的意思是:“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的alone可作状语)。如:Helivesalonebuthedoesn’tfeellonely.(他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独)/Heisalonelyperson.Youcannoteasilygetonwellwithhim.(他是个孤独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易)⑾other与else的区别:两个词都可以作形容词,但是用法不同,other放在名词前;else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置,另外,orelse表示“否则”,是连词。如:Theotherstudentsareontheplayground.(其他学生在操场上)/Whoelsecanworkoutthismathsproblem?(还有谁能解出着道数学题?)/Thisisnobodyelse’smoney.It’smine.(这不是别的什么人的钱,是我的。)/Doyouhaveanything12
elsetosayforyourself?(你还有什么要为自己说的吗?⑿special与especial的区别:表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,两个词可互换,但special较为常用。另外,special还可以表示特别的目的。如:Shepays(e)specialattentiontoclothes.(她非常注重着装)/Thesearespecialchairsforsmallchildren.(这些是专门给小孩子的椅子)⒀gone、lost、missing的区别:gone表示“丢了,没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或宾补,不可以作定语;lost表示“丢失”,含难以找回的意思,可作定语、表语或宾补;missing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语、表语或宾补。如:Myfever(高烧)isgone,butIstillhaveacough.(发烧消退了,但我仍然咳嗽)/Theparentsfoundthelostchildatlast.(家长终于找到了迷路的孩子)/Mydictionaryismissing.Who’stakenitaway?(我的字典不见了,谁拿走了?)/Formoredetailedinformation(详情)ofthemissinggirls,pleasevisitourwebsite(网址).(如果想知道失踪女孩们的详情,请访问我们的网站)⒁living、alive、live、lively的区别:四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。living读[‘livin]有三个意思:①“活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语,②“一模一样的、逼真的”,③相当于lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼的”;live读[laiv],指东西“活的”,可以替换为living;alive读[[‘laiv]作表语,指人“活着的”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面;lively读[‘laivli]有三个意思:①有生气的、活泼的、快活的,②(色彩)鲜艳的,③生动的、真实的。例如:Alivinglanguageshouldbelearnedorally(口头上).(活的语言应该从口头上学)(被动句)/Wehavealivinghopethatyouwillsucceed.(我们强烈地希望你能成功)/Isshestillalive?(她还活着吗?)/Theyarethehappiestchildrenalive.(他们是活着的最开心的孩子)/Thisisalivefish.(这是条活鱼)/Alivewire(电线)isdangerous.(有电的电线是危险的)/Sheisaslivelyasakitten(小猫).(她像小猫一样可爱)/Hegavealivelydescriptionofthefootballmatch.(他生动地描述了那场足球赛)⒂sick与ill区别:sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能做表语。如:Hehasbeenill/sickforalongtimeandheisveryweaknow.(他病了很久,现在非常虚弱)/Vetshelptreatsickpetsandmostofthepets’ownerslikethem.(兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物,很受宠物主人们的喜爱)⒃thepoor(穷人们)/therich(富人们)等用法:“the+形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物,复数含义。如:Wemusttryourbesttohelpthepoor.(我们应该尽力帮助穷人们)/Therichneverknowhowthepoorareliving.(有钱人哪知穷人怎么过日子)副词:用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。1、副词的分类:(见下表)时间副词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today,tomorrow,once,here,there,very,too,well,how,too,also,yesterday,now,twice,home,below,enough,hard,where,nor,so,then,early,late,always,anywhere,rather,quite,alone,when,as,on,off,once,soon,just,usually,above,outside,how,so,fast,why,either,tonight,long,often,in,inside,out,much,just,together,whetheryes,no,already,yet,before,sometimesback,up,down,nearly,onlysuddenly,however,etcnot,neitherago,later,eversincenever,away,off,far,almost,hardly,-ly结尾关系副词maybe,after,whenever(seldom),near,nearby,aslongas等,的副词where,perhaps,first,someday,ever,wherevereven,all,why,howcertainlysometime,last,everywhere,alittle,abitwhen,12
2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用:⑴作状语:①时间副词:一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如:WewillvisittheGreatWalltomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城)/TheyhavealreadybeentotheUKtwice.(他们去过英王国两次)/Soonthelostboyfoundhiswaybackhome.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)②频度副词:一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、threetimes等一般放在句尾。如:SometimesIgetupearly.(我有时起得早)/Theworkersusuallyhavelunchatthefactory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭)/Takethismedicinetwiceaday.(这种药一天吃两次)③方式副词:一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如:Oldpeoplecanhardlywalkasquicklyasyoungpeople.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快)/Suddenlyhesawalightinthedarkcave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光)④地点副词:一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如:Thereyoucanseethousandsofbikesrunninginalldirections(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动)/Thefrightenedwolfranaway.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/Hewalkedoutquietlyandturnedbacksoon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)⑤程度副词:修饰动词时,放在动词之前;修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面;only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如:Inearlyforgotallaboutitifhedidnottellmeagain.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了)/ItwassostrangethatIcouldhardlybelievemyears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵)/Shegottothestationearlyenoughtocatchthefirstbus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车)⑥疑问副词:用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如:Whenandwherewereyouborn?(你何时何地出生?)/WhydidlittleEdisonsitonsomeeggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上?)/Howdoyoudo?(你好!)⑦连接副词:用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。HowIamgoingtokillthecatisstillaquestion.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/Thatiswhyeveryoneisafraidofthetiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因)/Hewonderedhowhecoulddoitthenextday.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事)⑧关系副词:用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如:ThisistheplacewhereMrZhangoncelived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/PleasetellmethewayhowyouhavelearnedEnglishsowell.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法)⑨其它副词:too“也”,用在句尾;also放在动词前;either“也不”,放在句尾;nor“也不”,放在句首;so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前;on/off“开/关”放在动词之后;not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前;maybe/perhaps放在句首;certainly放在句首或动词之前。如:HewenttothePalaceMuseumandIwentthere,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了)/Maybeyourticketisinyourinsidepocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里)/--Tomdoesn’thaveacomputer.–NordoI.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。)(2)作表语:地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如:I’mverysorryheisn’tinatthemoment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownfornearly20years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了)/Jimisoverthere.(吉姆就在那边)(3)作定语:时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如:Peoplenowoftenhavetheirfestivaldinnersatrestaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴)/Womentherewerelivingaterriblelifeinthe1920s.(在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)(4)作宾语补足语:地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如:Putyourdirtysocksaway,Jim!Theyaregivingoutbadsmell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开!它们在散发着臭气。)/Fatherkepthiminanddoinghislessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)12
[注意]“动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如:Hewrotedowntheword.(他写下了那个词。)→Hewroteitdown.(他把它写了下来。)3、有关副词的重要注释:⑴as…as…常构成一些词组:assoonas…(一旦…就…),aswellas…(同样),as+形容词/副词+aspossible(尽可能……地)。如:PleaseringmeupassoonasyougettoBeijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。)/MissGaohurriedtotheschoolgateasquicklyaspossible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)[注释]“aslong/muchas+名词”可以表示“长达/多达…”的含义。如:Thehousecostsasmuchasfivehundredthousandyuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。)/Theystayedinthecave(山洞)aslongastwoweeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。)⑵later、after、ago、before的用法:①“一段时间+later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于过去时态。②“after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”,此时两个词是介词。③ago与before:ago只能用于过去时,before用于完成时。如:Hehadanaccidentaweekago.(一周前出了一个事故)/Someyearslater,theboybecameaveryfamoussinger.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/Haveyoubeentherebefore?(你从前到过那儿吗?)/Afterafewyearshegaveupsmoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。)⑶above、below、over、under的用法:在上下方用above和below,在高低处用over和under.如:Thestarsarehighaboveinthesky.(星星高挂在空中)/Aplaneflewoverquickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。)当above、below、over、under是介词性质时,意义相似。⑷too、also、either、nor的用法:too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开;also(“也”)用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前;either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开;nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首;如:AreyouAmerican,too?(你也是美国人吗?)/HeisnothappyandIamnothappy,either.(他不愉快,我也不。)/Hedidn’twatchthefootballgame.NordidI.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。)/Youcanalsofindthemarketisverygood.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。)⑸enough、too、so、very、quite、verymuch的用法:enough(“足够,十分”)放在形容词或副词之后;too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相当”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容词或副词之前,verymuch(“非常”)放在动词之后。如:It’stoo/so/very/quiteexpensive.(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。)/Idon’tlikesweetsverymuch.(我不很喜欢糖果)[注意]very与much的区别:very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级;much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词,very不可以。如:Heisverystupid.(他很笨)/Thefilmwasverymovingandeveryoneswept.(电影非常动人,大家都哭了)/Youmustworkmuchharderoryouwillfailtoenterthegoodschool.(你得学习更努力,不然你考不进那所好学校)/Idon’tlikehimmuch.(我不太喜欢他)⑹sometimes、sometime、sometimes、sometime的用法:sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、sometimes(数次)表示次数、sometime(一些时间)表示一段时间。如:Sometimestheygohikinginthemountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去)/Iwillstayheresometime.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)/Iwillmeetyourfathersometime.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。)⑺how、what用于感叹句的用法:对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what.如:Whatafineday(itis)today!(今天天气真好!)/Howdifficult(theproblemis)!((问题)真难呀!)⑻already、yet的用法:在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如:Haveyoudoneitalready?(你已经做好了?)/Ihavenothadmybreakfastyet.(我还没有吃早饭呢。)⑼hard与hardly的用法:hard作为副词意思是:“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定词,意思是:“几乎不”,一般与情态动词can/could连用。如:TheystudyEnglishveryhard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)/Youcanhardlyseeapersonspitinapublicplace.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰)⑽like...verymuch、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法:三个短语分别表示“非常喜欢”、“更喜欢”、“最喜欢”。如:Ilikebaseballverymuch.(我非常喜欢棒球)/Doyoulikebutterbetterthan12
cheese?(/Theylikehamburgersbest.⑾“quite/what+a+形容词+名词”的用法:记住:①quite/such/what...+a+形容词+名词;②too/so/how+形容词+a+名词;③rather+a+形容词+名词=a+rather+形容词+名词。如:Ihaveneverseensuchastrangeguy(家伙).(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙)/Itisquiteanicedayforawalk.(这真是散步的好日子)⑿how的几个短语:howoften“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问;howsoon“多久以后”,用于将来时态;howlong“多久”,用于过去时、完成时或其他时态;howmanytimes“多少次”,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问;howmuch“多么,多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如:Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?(你这样已经多久了?)/Howoftendoeshewashhisface?(他每隔多久洗一次脸?)⒀much、more与most的用法:这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外,还是程度副词,much表示“很”,修饰原级形/副,more表示“更”用来构成多音节形/副的比较级,most表示“最”用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外,much也可以修饰比较级形/副。如:Thisparkismuchmorebeautifulthanthatone.(这个公园比那个漂亮多了)/ItisthemostinstructivefilmIhaveeverseen.(这是我看过的最有教育意义的电影)⒁nomore、nolonger、not...anymore、no...anylonger的用法:表示时间,可以用nolonger、not...nymore、no...anylonger,而且nolonger只能放在谓语动词之前;表示程度,可以用nomore、not...anymore.如:Henolongerlivedthere.(他不再住在那里)/Tomwantednomorecakes.(他不想再要蛋糕)/Hedidn’tsmokeanymore/longer.(他不再抽烟)⒂被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。如:Therunnerwasbadlyhurt.(赛跑运动员受了重伤)/Englishiswidelyspokenintheworldtoday.(如今世界上英语说得很广泛)⒃too...to...与so...that...的问题:副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词,to后面跟动词,that后面跟从句。Too...to...(“太.……以致不……”)是否定的结构,用于简单句;so...that...(“如此…以致…”)是肯定结构,用于复合句。如:Thechildistooyoungtojointhearmy.(这孩子年龄太小还不能参军)/Heissostrongthathecanlifttheheavybox.(他这么强壮,搬得动那个重箱子。)⒄既是形容词也是副词的单词有:early,late,long,last,next,first,near,enough,much,all,hard,alone,fast,slow,high,low,straight等等。如:Itwasalongholiday.(那是个长假)/Hestayedthereverylong.(他在那儿呆了好久)/Thinkhardthenyouwillfindaway.(好好想你就会找到办法)/Heisaveryhard(难对付的)person.(他是个难玩的家伙)⒅farther与further的用法区别:表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义,意思为“更远、较远”,但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外”等意思,此时不能换为farther.如:Theydecidedtogofarther/furtherthenextday.(他们决定第二天走得再远些)/Thisproblemwillbefurtherdiscussed.(这个问题还要进一步讨论)/Everyoneofthemhadtheirfurtherstudiesaftertheyleftcollege.(他们每个人大学毕业后继续进修)⒆rather与quite的用法区别:同very一样,两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度,quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好”,rather比quite更接近very的含义,含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对“nice”程度的描绘:notnice(fairly)nicequiteniceratherniceverynice如:It’squiteanicefilm.(这是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影)/It’sratheranicefilm.(这是部很不错的电影。)(意味着比大多数电影都好)[注意]注意quite与rather后面的次序词序。⒇maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别:maybe“可能、也许”,比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大;possibly“可能地、或者、也许”,可能性较大,在否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”;perhaps“可能”,较为常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如:Youcouldputitoverthere,maybe.(也许你可以把它放在那边)/Icouldn’tpossiblyhavefinishedsuchalongbookinsuchashort12
time.(我不可能在这么短的时间内完成这么长的一本书)/Ithoughtperhapsitwastheletteryouhavebeenexpecting.(我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件)(21)most、mostly的区别:most作为形容词和名词时意思是“大多数的、大部分的”,作为副词时意思为“最,十分、很”;mostly仅为副词,意思为“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。如:IwasathomemostofthetimewhenIwasfree.(我有空时大部分时间都在家)Mostchildrenarenaughty.(大部分的孩子都淘气)/Thisisthemostexcitingpartofthefilm.(这是电影中最令人兴奋的部分)/SheismostlyoutonSundays.(星期天她一般不在家)(22)(be)worth、(be)worthyof的区别:worth一般被看作是介词,后面接名词或者动名词,用主动表示被动含义,还可以用副词well修饰;worthyof表示“值得的、配得上的”,后面跟动名词的被动形式。如:Whatisworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做)./Thehouseisworth¥300,000.(房子价值30万元)/Thisbookiswellworthreadingseveraltimes.(这本书值得好好读几遍)/Itisathingworthyofbeingseen.(这是一个值得看的东西)(23)almost、nearly的区别:两个词意思相近,都表示“几乎、将近”,大多数情况下可以互换,与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly.almostno相当于hardlyany(几乎没有)。如:Hehaddonealmostnothingtoday.(他今天几乎没有干什么)/Wearealmost/nearlythere.(我们几乎就到那里了)/Almostnobody/Hardlyanybodyunderstoodhiswords.(几乎没有人懂他的话)(24)abit与alittle的区别:这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用,修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级,可以互换,语气比rather弱。如:Thisdigitalcameraisabit(alittle)expensive.(这台数码相机有点贵)/Itisalittle(abit)colderthanyesterday.(今天比昨天冷了点)另外,alittle可以直接加不可数名词,abit则采用“abit+of+名词(不可数或可数名词复数)”的形式。如:Ihavegotabitofacold.(我有点感冒)/Goandgetalittlewaterforme,please.(请你去给我搞点水来)[注意]notabit(=notatall)意为“根本不”,而notalittle则意为“非常,不是一点”。(25).so与such的区别⑴so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词, 例如,My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。 He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。 ⑵so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词,其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”. such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词,名词前可以有形容词作定语,其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”,“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”,例如,He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。 It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正) It is so cold weather.(误) They are such good students. 他们是那么好的学生。(正) They are so good students. (误) ⑶如果可数名词复数前有many,few或不可数名词前有much,little修饰,用so不用such. 例如,so many(如此多的);so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数 so much(如此多的);so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词3、形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类:形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化: 一、规则变化 1.一般在词尾直接加er或est,例如,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest 2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,例如,nice-nicer-nicest 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est,例如,heavy-heavier-heaviest 4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est,例如,big-bigger-biggest12
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级,例如,slowly-more slowly-most slowly;beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好;(身体)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地;(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的;更most最多的;最much许多的(不可数);非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的;远地farther更远的;更远地farthest最远的;最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法:(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是:主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(very/too/so/quite/rather…)+形容词/副词原级+….如:Heisveryoldnow.(他现在很老了)/Theyranquitefast.(它们跑得相当快)/Theweatherlooksratherbad.(天气看上去相当糟)/Iamsohappy!(我是如此的快乐)☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型:主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+….如:Heisasexcitedashisyoungersister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/Lilyrodeherbikeasslowlyasanoldlady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型:主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词(否定式)+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+….如:Heisnotso/asexcitedashisyoungersister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋)/Lilydidnotrideherbikeso/asslowlyasanoldlady.(莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢)/Theydidn’tpickso/asmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).(他们摘的苹果不如农民多)(2)讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型:主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/alittle/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….如:Amoderntrainismuchfasterthanacar.(现代的火车比轿车快多了)/Thisbookdidn’tcostmemorethanthatone.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是:主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+less+(多音节形/副)比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….如:IthinkEnglishislessdifficultthanmaths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/Doyouthinkitlessimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗?)(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是:主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(the)+形容词/副词最高级+in/of….如:TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestinChina.(长江是中国最长的河流)/Hejumped(the)highestofthethree(boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)4、关于比较等级的重要注释:12
1、以上六个句型中,如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词;如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如:Thiscaristhefastestofthefour.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)/Thiscarruns(the)fastestofthefour.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)2、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。如:Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.(天越来越温暖了)3、“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越…就越…”。如:Themoretreesweplant,thebetteritwillbe.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)/Theharderyoutry,thegreateryourprogressis.(你越是努力,进步就越大)4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/alittle/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/any/no/one/two/many/several/alot等词。如:Itismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee?(你还要些咖啡吗?)/Hedidnoteatanymore.(他没有再吃)5、morethan/lessthan分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,morethan=over;lessthan=under.如:IlivedinNewYorkformorethanfourmonths.(我在纽约生活了四个多月)6、“oneofthe+最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如:Oneoftheoldesthouseshasbeenburntinafire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了)7、“Which/Who+动词+形/副,□,□or□?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三个选项,形/副用最高级。如:Whohasmorebooks,LinTaoorHanMei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多?)/Whichistheheaviest,apig,ahorseoranelephant?(猪、马、象哪个最重?)8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the;含有all/none/noone/every等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。如:--Doyoulikethesmallerone?—Neither.(小一点的那个你喜欢吗?一个都不喜欢)/--Whichdoyoulikebest?–Allofthem!(你最喜欢哪个?全部。)Step2:练习一 1 I have_____to do today. A.anything important B.something importantC.important nothing D.important something 2 ———Is chemistry more difficult than physics?——No,chemistry isn’t as____as physics. A.easy B.difficult C.easier D.moredifficult 3.Beijing is becoming_________and__. A.more beautiful,more B.beautiful,beautifulC.more,more beautiful D.more beautiful,more beautiful 4.______ children there are in a family,_____their life will be. A.The less,the better B.The fewer,the betterC.Fewer,richerD.More,poorer 5.The experiment was ________ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.muchD.more much 6 Oct 15th was one of ________ days in 2003.The Shenzhou-V was sent up successfully. A.exciting B.more excitingC.the most exciting D.much exciting 7.It’s seven o’clock in the afternoon,but they are ______ having a meeting. Aalready B.still C.yet D.ever8.Remember not to speak _______ when we are in the reading room. A.fast B.slowly C.politely D.loudly 9.“______ has this food store been in business “Since 2001.” A.How longB.How oftenC.How oldD.How soon. 10.———What was the weather like yesterday? ———It was terrible.It rained so ___ that people could _________goout. A.hardly…hardB.hardly…hardlyC.hard…hardlyD.hard…hard12
-同步练习 1.What a ____ cough!You seem_____ill. A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terrible C.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly 2.I feel even_____now. A.badB.wellC.worseD.worst 3.She was very happy. She ran_____of all the runners. A.fastest B.the quickestC.slowestD.quickly 4.Keep quiet,please.It’s_____noisy here. A.many too B.too manyC.much tooD.too much 5.———Have you _____ spoken to a foreigner?———No,_____. A.already,never B.ever,neverC.yet,already D.ever,ever 6.He is taller than_________in his class. A.any boy B.any C.any other boy D.some other boys 7.I’ll go and visit you ____ next week. A.sometime B.sometimes C.some times D.some time 8.The car is running________.It seems to be flying. A.more and faster B.more and fast C.fast and fast D.faster and faster 9.English is as _____ as Chinese.You should learn it well. A.importantB.more important C.the most important D.much more important 10.Music is not so useful as science.It’s ________ useful than science. A.fewer B.less C more D.a lot 11.We’ve never heard of_____story before. A.such a strange B.such strange C.so a strange D.so strange 12.You must wear glasses.They can keep your eyes______. A.soft B.safe C.safely D.safety13.Pass my glasses to me,Jack.I can_____read the words in the newspaper. A.hardlyB.reallyC clearlyD.rather 14.Three years _______,he become a driver. A.lateB.laterC.latelyD.more lately 15.He is ______ enough to carry the heavy box. A.strongerB.much strongerC.strongD.the strongest 16.I bought _____ exercise-books with____money. A.a few,a fewB.a few,a littleC.a little,a fewD.a little,a little 17.The box is _____ heavy for the girl____carry. A.too,toB.to,too C.so,thatD.no,to 18.Do you have ____ to tell us? A.something newB.new somethingC.anything newD.new anything 19.——Do you think the fish tastes_______?——She cooked it______,Ithink. A good,goodB well,good C well,wellD good,well 20.She played the piano_____than we had thought. A.successfulB.successfullyC.more successfulD.more successfully【基础练习一】(一)用所给词的正确形式填空1.TheGreensare _____ (happy)toliveinthis _____(noise)street.Theyhavedecidedtomovetoanotherplace.2.Thepandahasbeen ______ (die)forabouttwomonths.3.Ilikeherdress.Itlooksvery ______ (beauty).12
4.Don’tfeel ______ (worry)aboutyourchild.Thewholeclasswouldbe ______ (friend)tothenewclassmate.5.The ______ (finally)examsusuallytakeplaceattheendofJune.6.It’s _____ (possible)foranordinaryplanetoflytothemoon.7.It’sa _____ (please)tripforallofus.8.ThechildreninChinaarelivinga _____ (color)life.9.Itwasan _____ (amaze)match.Itamazedus.10.Hefeltvery _____ (sleep)andfell ____ (sleep)soonwhenhelayinbed.11.Weallhadavery _____ (enjoy)timeattheparty.(二)选择最佳答案()1.Theseorangestaste_______.A.good B.well C.tobegood D.tobewell()2.Ican’tpay________asheaskedfor.A.aashighpriceB.asahighpriceC.ashighpriceD.ashighaprice()3.—Wearegoingtoseeafilmthisevening.Whynotgowithus? —Ihavetodomanythingsthisevening.I’m_______,yousee. A.free B.glad C.sorry D.busy()4.—Mum,Billiscomingtodinnerthisevening. —OK.Let’sgivehim ___ toeat. A.somethingdifferent B.differentanything C.anythingdifferent D.differentsomething()5.The ____ personistalkingwiththedoctor. A.ill B.sick C.illness D.sickness()6.Thedayisbrightand_______.Let’sgoforawalk. A.sunny B.dark C.cloudy D.windy()7.Look!_______beautifulthatlakeis! A.What B.How C.Howa D.Whata()8.---Iwon"tgototheGreatWalltomorrow.---Iwon"t,______.A.neitherB.eitherC.tooD.also()9.Helikestodosomereadinginthemorning,Ilikeit,_____.A.tooB.eitherC.neitherD.also()10.Thatmathsproblemis______difficult______nobodycanworkitout.A.too;toB.very;thatC.so;thatD.very;but()11.—What’sonthedesk?—It’s ____ . A.anewgreenbag B.newgreenbag C.agreenmewbag D.abagnewgreen()12.Thenightwasvery___,sohehadtotakeoffhisshoes___.A.quiet;quietlyB.quite;quicklyC.late;quickD.quite;quietly()13.He____toschooltocleanhisclassroom.A.alwayscomesearlyB.comesalwaysearlyC.alwaysearlycomesD.comealwaysearlier()14.Igotup____today.A.laterB.morelatelyC.latelyD.late()15.Alice___goestoschoolatseven.A.usualB.usuallyC.hardD.alittle【基础练习二】()1Yourroomis_______thanmine.A.threetimebigB.threetimesbigC.threetimesbiggerD.biggerthreetimes()2Whenspringcomes,itgets_______.A.warmandwarmB.colderandcolderC.warmerandwarmerD.shorterandshorter12
()3______hereadthebook,_______hegotinit.A.Themore;themoreinterestingB.Theless;themoreinterestingC.Themore;themoreinterestedD.More;moreinterested()4Ilike______oneofthetwobooks.A.theolderB.oldestC.theoldestD.older()5Whichdoyoulike_______,teaorcoffee?A.wellB.betterC.bestD.most()6Thisworkis_______formethanforyou.A.difficultB.mostdifficultC.muchdifficultD.moredifficult()7Whojumped_______ofall?A.farB.fartherC.farthestD.themostfar()8LiLeiis_______studentinourclass.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest()9Tomisoneof_______boysinourclass.A.tallestB.tallerC.thetallestB.thetall()10Englishisoneof_______spokenintheworld.A.theimportantlanguagesB.themostimportantlanguagesC.mostimportantlanguageD.themostimportantlanguage()11.Mostofthewoods_______beentakengoodcareof.A.areB.isC.hasD.have()12I"mnot________tolifttheheavybox.A.shortenoughB.enoughtallC.healthenoughD.strongenough()13Whichis_______,LiLeiorWuTong?A.strongB.strongestC.strongerD.thestrongest()14Doyouhave_______totellus?A.somethingnewB.newsomethingC.anythingnewD.newanything()15.MostofthepeopleinGuangdongaregetting______. A.moreandrich B.morerichandmorerich C.richerandricherD.richandrich练习一1-5BBCBC6-10CBDAC -同步练习参考答案1-5:ACACB 6-10:CADAB11-15:ABABC 16-20:BACDD基础练习一。答案1-5ADDAB6-10ABBAC11-15AAADB二.答案1-5CCCAB6-10DCDCB11-15CDCCC12