高中英语语法虚拟语气 30页

虚拟语气 语气在英文中可分为3种：陈述语气；祈使语气和虚拟语气。当说话人谈到与事实相反的愿望时，或者主观想象某事可能发生时，或者建议、要求某事发生时，就需要用虚拟语气。 I虚拟语气在条件句中的用法条件句有真实性条件句和非真实性条件句两种。真实性条件句所表示的假设可能发生，用陈述语气。如果明年我有足够的钱，我就去日本。IfIhaveenoughmoneynextyear,IwillgotoJapan. 非真实性条件句所表示的假设不可能发生，要用虚拟语气。从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反过去式would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反过去完成式would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反过去式shoulddoweretodowould/should/could/might＋动词原形 1与现在事实相反从句的谓语动词用过去式，be的过去式用were要是我是你，我就会对他说实话。IfIwereyou,Iwould(should,could,might)tellhimthetruth.如果他有时间，他就会和你去。Ifhehadtime,hewould(should，could,might)gowithyou.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都会没问题的。Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright. 2与过去事实相反如果你仔细一点，这个错误是可以避免的。Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,themistakemighthavebeenavoided.假如他受过良好的教育，他就不会表现成那样。Ifhehadhadagoodeducation,hewouldneverhavebehavedlikethat.假如我的表不停，我就会准时的。Ifmywatchhadnotstopped,Ishouldhavebeenontime. 3与将来事实相反假如他来了，我们对他说什么呢？Whatshouldwesaytohimifheweretocome?假如他看见我，他会认出我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldrecognizeme.如果我们爬到山顶，我们能有一个好的视野吗？Wouldwehaveagoodviewifweclimbedtothetopofthemountain? 注意1：If虚拟从句中若含有should,had或者were，那么就可以把它们提到句首，if省略，其他不变，形成倒装。如果他在这儿，他会来帮助我们。Werehehere,hewouldcometohelpus.假如你刚才在这里，你就会遇见她。Hadyoubeenherejustnow,youwouldhavemether.假如我明天看见他，我就会告诉他关于这件事。WereItoseehimtomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit. 注意2：虚拟时，当从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所发生的时间作出相应的调整，这叫“错综/混合虚拟条件句”，尤其要注意提示语：时间状语如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。Ifhehadsetoutearlier,hewouldgethomenow.假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice，youwouldbemuchbetternow.Ifyou____thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn’tbesosleepy.haven’twatchedB.didn’twatchC.hadn’twatchedD.wouldn’twatched Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(＝ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp/iftherehadn’tbeenyourhelp)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（=IfIhadn’tbeenillthatday,）Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(=ifhehadn’ttelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,)注意3虚拟条件句可用without,butfor，otherwise，or等代替，形成含蓄虚拟条件句。Butforrain(=Ifithadn’trained),wewouldhavefinishedthework. II虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1在动词wish/wouldrather后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反,如果与现在事实相反,从句用过去式（be动词用were），如果与过去事实相反，从句用“had＋过去分词”。我现在希望知道这个问题的答案。IwishIknewtheanswertothequestionnow.我希望我没花那么多钱。IwishIhadn’tspentsomuchmoney.我宁愿现在他们和我一起去。Iwouldrathertheywentwithmenow.他宁愿他没有失去那次机会。Hewouldratherthathehadnotlostthechance. wish对将来情况的愿望，从句谓语动词用would/coulddo.egIwishitwould/couldraintomorrow.wishtodosth或wishsbtodosth不用虚拟语气。Iwishtoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce. 3在一坚持（insist）,二命令（order,command）,三建议（suggest,advise,propose）,四要求（demand，desire，request,require）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”。我建议我们马上出发。Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.(坚持认定)Heinsistedthatshe(should)showhimherpassport.（坚持要求）Hisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.(暗示,表明) III虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。It’snecessary(important,essential，urgentetc.)＋that从句，此that从句中谓语动词用虚拟，即（should）＋动词原形。中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。Itisnecessarythatmiddleschoolstudents（should）masteraforeignlanguage.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。Itisimportantthatwe（should）speakpolitely.注意：常有这样的句式Itisdesired/demanded/requested/required/suggested等+that从句。此that从句仍为主语从句，仍要用虚拟语气）（should）doItissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeheld. IV虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法。在suggestion,proposal,order,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“（should）＋动词原形”。WeallagreedtohissuggestionthatweshouldgotoDalianforsightseeing.MysuggestionisthatweshouldgotoDalianforsightseeing. 在Itis(high)time(that)…句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式要用过去式。我们该离开了。Itistimethatweleft.VIifonly…“要是······就好了”，相当于主语＋wish…,所以如果与现在事实相反,用过去式（be动词用were）；如果与过去事实相反，用“had＋过去分词”;如果与将来事实相反，用would/coulddo.要是今天是星期天就好了。IfonlyitwereSundaytoday.V虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法。IfonlyJimhadpassedtheexam.Ifonlytherainwould/couldstoptomorrow. VII由asif(asthough)引导的方式状语从句中，如果与现在事实相反,用过去式（be动词用were）；如果与过去事实相反，用“had＋过去分词”。他对待我好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.注意：如果表示的事情可能发生，那么asif/asthough引导的状语从句中的谓语动词应该用陈述语气。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain. 实际上，虚拟语气是虚拟句谓语动词的时态。 找错：1Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.2Mysuggestionisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.3Hissuggestionthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.4Itissuggestedthatthebooksaresentthereatonce.Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)doourhomeworkfirst.Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gothereonfootisacceptable.Itissuggestedthatthebooks(should)besentthereatonce. ExerciseIfI______tenyearsyounger,I_____veryhappy.were,wouldbeB.am,shallbeC.were,shallbeD.am,wouldbe2.—Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.—Heisnotathome.Ifhe____,I_____.A.is,wouldB.were,wouldC.is,willD.were,will 3.Ifyou____thedoctor’sadvice,youwouldhavealreadyrecovered.A.followB.followedC.wouldfollowD.hadfollowed4.Ifhehadnotmissedthetrain,he_____bythen.A.mightgetB.mighthavegotC.gotD.hadgot 5.Whatwouldyouhavedonelastnight,ifyou_____towriteyourhomework.hadn’tB.haven’thadC.didn’thaveD.hadn’thad6.—Didyoucatchtheplane?—No,ifIhadhurried,I______.A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.couldD.did 7.—Howdoyouliketheparty?—Wonderful.Ifyouhadcomewithus,you____agoodtime.A.hadB.hadhadC.wouldhaveD.wouldhavehad8.IfI_____outofmyink,Iwouldhavefinishedwritingthepaper.A.didn’trunB.shouldn’trunC.haven’trunD.hadn’trun 9.Ifyou_____earlytomorrowmorning,youwouldbetherebynoon.A.havestartedB.werestartedC.weretostartD.hadstarted10.—Didyouhandinyourapplicationforaleaguemember?—Notyet.IfI_____toseemyfather,Iwouldhave.A.didn’tgoB.haven’tgoneC.wouldn’thavegoneD.hadn’tgone 11.—Whydidn’tTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?—Ididn’twantone,buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifI_____.A.doB.wouldC.willD.had12.—Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthegaragedoor?—No,ifhehad,Idon’tbelieve____brokenthelivingroomwindow.A.wouldhehaveB.hehadC.hewouldhaveD.hehas 13.______I’dhavetoldyou.IfIwouldhaveknownitB.IfIhadhaveknownitC.HadIknownitD.shouldIknowit14.—Itisraining,andIhavenoumbrella.—Here’smine,andIinsist____it.A.youtotakeB.thatyoutakeC.thatyoutakingD.youtaking 15.Theprofessorgaveordersthatthetest____before5:30.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.shallfinish16.Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI_____anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo 17.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI____there.WasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went18Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry 19.Hegaveanadvicethatthey____eachother.A.helpedB.musthelpC.helpD.hadhelped20.Mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople___theretohelpme.A.besentB.havesentC.sentD.shouldsent 翻译1他要是细心，就不会犯这个错误了。2我希望我是那个飞行员。3要是我再高一点就好了。4老师建议他每天读点英语。Ifhehadbeencareful,hewouldn’thavemadethemistake.IwishIwerethatpilot.IfonlyIwerealittletaller.TheteacheradvisedthathereadsomeEnglisheveryday.