- 186.08 KB
- 2022-06-17 16:02:13 发布
- 1、本文档共5页，可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方，所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议，可选择认领，认领后既往收益都归您。
- 3、本文档由用户上传，本站不保证质量和数量令人满意，可能有诸多瑕疵，付费之前，请仔细先通过免费阅读内容等途径辨别内容交易风险。如存在严重挂羊头卖狗肉之情形，可联系本站下载客服投诉处理。
- 文档侵权举报电话：19940600175。
初一英语语法知识点总结复习目录第一章动词be（am,is,are）的用法3第二章Therebe句型4第三章人称代词和物主代词6第四章反身代词9第五章it用法梳理10第六章it,one,ones,that,those的区别用法13第七章other,another,others,theothers,theother的用法和区别16第八章名词单数变复数的规则18第九章介词21第十章冠词24第十一章形容词27第十二章副词28第十三章频度副词30第十四章形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法34第十五章形容词和副词的辨析37161
第十六章陈述句40第十七章疑问句40第十八章祈使句44第十九章感叹句48第二十章现在进行时52第二十一章一般将来时55第二十二章一般过去时态59第二十三章情态动词64第二十四章动词总结68第二十五章主谓一致71英语总测试75161
第一章动词be（am,is,are）的用法1.动词be（am,is,are）的用法：①第一人称单数(I)配合am来用。句型解析析：Iam+“”例句：IamSnoopy.Iamtenyearsold.Iamastudent.Iamaboy.②第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析：Youare+“”例句：Youaremygoodfriend.Youareagoodteacher.Youarebeautiful③第三人称单数(HeorSheorIt)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He,It)is+“”例句：Sheisagoodgirl.Sheissotall.Sheisshort.④人称复数(we/you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We(You,They)are+“”例句WeareinClass5,Grade7.Theyaremyfriends.Youaregoodstudents.161
用法口诀：我(I)用am,你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。对应练习一.用括号中适当的词填空。1.I________(am,are,is)fromAustralia.2.She_______(am,are,is)astudent.3.JaneandTom_________(am,is,are)myfriends.4.Myparents_______(am,is,are)verybusyeveryday.5._______(Are,Is,Do,Does)thereaChineseschoolinNewYork?6._______(Be,Are,Were,Was)theyexcitedwhenheheardthenews?7.There_____(be)someglassesonit.8.Ifhe_____(be)freetomorrow,hewillgowithus.二.用be动词的适当形式填空1.I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2.Thegirl______Jack"ssister.3.Thedog_______tallandfat.4.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5.______yourbrotherintheclassroom?161
6.Where_____yourmother?She______athome.7.How_______yourfather?8.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.9.Whosedress______this?10.Whosesocks______they?11.That______myredskirt.12.Who______I?13.Thejeans______onthedesk.14.Here______ascarfforyou.15.Here______somesweatersforyou.16.Theblackgloves______forSuYang.17.Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.18.Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.19.Sometea______intheglass.20.Gaoshan"sshirt_______overthere.第二章Therebe句型1.定义：Therebe句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2.结构：(1)Thereis+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.(2)Thereare+复数名词+地点状语.there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。161
eg.①Thereisabirdinthetree.树上有一只鸟。②Thereisateacherandmanystudentsinourclassroom.我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。③Therearetwoboysandagirlunderthetree.树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。1）.Therebe句型与have的区别首先，从含义上说，Therebe表达的是“某地有某物”。如，Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse。房子前有一棵树。而have讲的是“某人/某物拥有”即指出的是宾语的所有者。如：Ihaveaninterestingbook。我有一本有趣的书。Thechairhasthreelegs。这把椅子有三条腿。其次，从直观上对比不难发现，一般Therebe句型直接置于句首，而have前面要有主语。这是因为Therebe句型是一个倒装句型，主语在be动词后。2.）Therebe句型的就近原则Therebe句型的就近原则也是主谓一致语法项目的重点考点。Therebe句型中be动词的单复数形式由后面挨近的一项的单复数决定。如：Thereisapen,twobooksandmanypencilsonthedesk。在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔，但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数apen，因此，be动词用单数is。3）Therebe句型的否定和疑问Therebe句型的疑问句是把题目中具体的be动词形式提前，否定是在be动词后加not。但是一般后面的名词前有a或any，那么此时notany或nota可以转化为no。如：Thereisn’tabookinthebag.=Thereisnobookinthebag。161
关于Therebe句型的反意疑问句需要特殊说明的是，后面的疑问部分要用使用句型原貌，不能将there改成it或其他代词。如：Therewasameetingyesterday,wasn’tthere?不能写成wasn’tit。4）Therebe句型的时态Therebe句型的时态根据时间状语和就近原则分别为：一般现在时Thereis/are一般过去时Therewas/were一般将来时Thereisgoingtobe/Therewillbe还有Thereusedtobe；Theremust/may/canbe等形式。其中，一般将来时的形式在初中考试中常出现。如：There_____abasketballmatchtomorrow。A.isgoingtohaveB.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.aregoingtobe由于就近原则我们当然选单数，排除B、D，由于题目横线前已表明There，所以选C。5.）Therebe句型中的动词Therebe句型中的动词根据需要，有时可以用lie/stand/live/enter/happen/remain/seemtobe等代替be动词。如：Therestandsatreeinfrontofthehouse。Longlongago,Therelivedanoldman.Hewasverypoor。6.Thereis+no+名词„„句型如：Thereisnoneedtotellhimthenews.Hehasknownit。常用句型有Thereisnoneedtodosomething。做某事没有必要。Thereisnosenseindoingsomething。做某事没有意义。161
Thereisnopointindoingsomething。做某事没有意义或没用。一.选择填空()1.--Again,mycomputerdoes"twork.--＿＿mustbesomethingwrongwiththeCPUA.ThereB.ThatC.ItD.This()2.There＿＿somemilk,someeggsandafewapplesonthetable.A.isB.areC.hasD.have()3.therearesomanygreentreeson＿＿sidesofthestreet.A.eitherB.eachC.bothD.neither()4.there＿＿anythingnewintoday"snewspaper.A.isB.areC.isn"tD.aren"t()5.＿＿there＿＿booksontheshelf？A.are﹔aB.is﹔aC.have﹔someD.are﹔any()6.there＿＿manyelephantsinAfrica.A.isB.hasC.areD.have()7.--isthereahotelnearhere？--＿＿.A.yes.pleaseB.notatallC.sorry,idon"tknowD.hereyouare()8.arethereany＿＿onthetable？A.meatB.cheeseC.tomatoesD.papper()9.--whereismywallet？--there＿＿ablack＿＿onthefloor.A.is﹔itB.are﹔onesC.is﹔oneD.are﹔one161
()10.there"s＿＿eraseron＿＿desk.A.an﹔theB.the﹔aC.the﹔theD.an﹔/二.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.therearemany＿＿(mouse)intheoldhouse.2.there＿＿(be)anairportinSuqiansomeday﹐ihope3.there＿＿(be)fourbuildingsbuiltalreadyinourschool.4.there＿＿(be)hardlyanyjuiceleft,isthere？三.根据汉语完成下列句子。⒈看！天空中有奇怪的东西。Look！＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿inSky.⒉没有水，地球上就没有生命。Withoutwater,＿＿＿＿＿＿noliftoneath.⒊冰箱里有多少冰激凌？＿＿＿＿icecream＿＿＿＿inthefridge？⒋黑板在我的课桌前面。＿＿＿＿ablackboardinfrontofmydesk.⒌一些老师在操场上。＿＿＿＿someteachersontheplayground.第三章人称代词和物主代词一、人称代词表示―我、―你、―他、―她、―它、―我们、―你们、―他们的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：161
Iamateacher.Youarestudent.Heisastudent,too.We/You/Theyarestudents.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。Giveittome.Let’sgo(let’s=letus)二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人称和数的变化见下表。形容性物主代词（my,your,his,her,its,our,their）+名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：Isthisyourbook?No,itisn’t，it’shers(herbook)161
Thispenismine.代词练习（一）一、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。1.Thisis（my/I）mother.2.Nicetomeet（your/you）.3.（He/His）nameisMark.4.What’s（she/her）name?5.Excuse（me/my/I）.6.Are（your/you）MissLi?7.（I/My）amBen.8.（She/Her）ismysister.9.Fine,thank（your/you）.10.Howoldis（he/his）二、用所给代词的正确形式填空。1.Theseare______(he)brothers.2.Thatis_______(she)sister.3.Lilyis_______(Lucy)sister.4.Tom,thisis_____(me)cousin,Mary.5.Now_____________(herparent)areinAmerica.6.Those__________(child)are_____(I)father’sstudents.7.Doyouknow______(it)name?8.MikeandTom__________(be)friends.161
9.Thanksforhelping________(I).10.______(Ann安)motheris______(we)teacher.三、单项选择。（）1.Myfamily____abigfamily.Myfamily____allhere.A.is,isB.are,areC.is,areD.are,is（）2.Thisis__________.A.apictureoffamilyB.apictureofmyfamilyC.afamily’spictureD.afamilyofmypicture（）3.Let’s__________goodfriends.A.beB.areC.isD.am（）4.Issheyouraunt?Yes,__________.A.she’sB.herisC.sheisD.heis（）5.Are__________coatsyours? Yes,theyare.A.theyB.theseC.thisD.there（）6.Isthat__________uncle?No,itisn’tA.heB.sheC.herD.hers（）7.Mrs.Greenis__________grandmother.A.JimandKateB.JimandKate’sC.Jim’sandKate’sD.JimandKates’（）8.Doyouknowthename_____Mr.Green’sson?A.inB.ofC.onD.or（）9.__________thegreatphotoofyourfamily.A.thankforB.ThanksforC.ThankforD.thanksfor161
（）10.Arethoseyourfriends?__________.A.Yes,they’reB.No,theyareC.Yes,theyareD.Yes,thoseare代词练习（二）一、用适当的代词填空1．Welike________(he,his,him)verymuch.2．Isthisguitar________(you,your,yours)?3．________(She,Her,Hers)nameisLiLi.4．Fatherboughtadeskfor________(I,my,me,mine).5．________(It,It"s,Its)isverycoldtoday.6．Isthisyourbook,Mike?Yes,________(we,you,they)are.7．AreyouandTomclassmates?Yes,________(we,you,they)are.8．Eachofthestudents________(have,has)apenpal.9．Hehasadog.Iwanttohave________(it,one),too.10．Herparentsare________(both,all,either)teachers.11．Thetextiseasyforyou.Thereare________(few,afew,little,alittle)newwordsinit.12．Iwant________(some,any)bananas.Givemethesebig________(one,ones).二、选择正确的答案1．Isthis________book?A．youB．IC．sheD．your161
2．It"sabird.________nameisPolly.A．ItsB．It"sC．HisD．It3．What"sthat?________ajeep.A．it"sB．ItsC．It"sD．its4．What"sthatinEnglish?________.A．It"seggB．That"seggC．It"saeggD．It"sanegg5．Whosecatisthis?Isityours?Isitawhite_______?A．cat"sB．oneC．onesD．cats6．Pleasegivethebookto________.A．IB．meC．myD．mine7．_________skirtisyours?A．WhoseB．WhereC．HowD．Which8．________isthispen?It"sWangFang"s.A．Who"sB．WhoseC．WhereD．Which9．KateandMikedo________homeworkintheevening.A．one"sB．hisC．herD．their10．Thereisn"t________waterinthebottle.A．anyB．someC．noD．a第四章反身代词数单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称161
人称代词IyouHe/she/itweyouthey反身代词myselfyourselfHimself/herself/itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves另外，one的反身代词为oneself2、反身代词的用法：(1)作宾语：HeteacheshimselfEnglishathome.他在家自学英语。Hecanbuyhimselfalotofnicethings.他可以给自己买好多好东西。Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.我们昨晚玩得很开心。Takegoodcareofyourself.好好保重。Hethinksmoreofothersthanofhimself.他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。2)作表语：I"mnotquitemyselftoday.我今天情绪不好。Hedoesn"tseemhimselfthismorning.今天上午他似乎不舒服。Thatpoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。I’llbemyselfagaininnotime.我一会儿就会好的。(3)作主语或宾语的同位语（作主语同位语时，放在主语后或句末）：Thethingitselfisnotimportant.事情本身并不重要。Iwenttothecinemamyself.我独自去了电影院。Youcangoandaskhimhimself.你可以去问他本人。Wehadbetteraskthepresidenthimselfaboutit.最好问校长本人。(4)间或可以用作主语（代替人称代词）：161
Bothmysisterandmyselfaskedtogoandworkthere.我妹妹和我都要求到那里工作。Charlesandmyselfsawit.查尔斯和我看见了这件事。(5)反身代词还可以与某些介词连用，组成固定搭配：①byoneself：自己，一个人干Theymadethemachineallbythemselves.这机器完全是他们自己制造的。Thisisamachinethatworksbyitself.这是一部自动化的机器。②foroneself：替自己，为自己Shemadenocomplaintforherself.她没有替自己抱怨。Hehasarighttodecideforhimself.他有权自己决定。③inoneself：本身Thisisnotabadideainitself.这主意本身并不错。Theyweregoodmeninthemselves.他们本身都是一些好人。④betweenourselves：私下说的话Allthisisbetweenourselves.这些都不能告诉别人。Betweenourselves,heisaselfishman.咱们私下说，他这个人很自私。⑤amongthemselves：„„之间Theyhadaheateddiscussionamongthemselves.他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。Theywerealwaysquarrellingamongthemselves.他们老是相互争吵。⑥tooneself：供自己用Shehadaroomtoherself.她自己住一间房。Iwantalittletimetomyself.我想有一点自己支配的时间。一．选择。161
1.Thosegirlsenjoyed____inthepartylastnight.A.themB.theyC.themselvesD.herself2.Help____tosomefish,children.A.yourselfB.yourC.yoursD.yourselves3.Thefilm____isveryfun.A.it’sB.itselfC.itD.its4.–Whoteaches____math?–Iteach______.A.your,myselfB.you,myselfC.you,meD.you,herself5.Thefatherwillmake____abike____.A.her,himselfB.she,himselfC.her,herselfD.she,herself6.Thescarfis____,shemadeit_____.A.herself,herB.herself,hersC.hers,herselfD.her,herself7.LiuHulan’sdeathwasgreat.Shethoughtmoreofothersthan______.A.herB.sheC.hersD.herself8.Luckily,hedidn’thurt____terriblyyesterday.A.himB.themselvesC.himselfD.they9.Ican’tmendmyshoe_____.Canyoumenditfor?A.myself,meB.myself,IC.me,ID.I,me10.Ilikewatchinginthemirror.A.meB.IC.myD.myself第五章it用法梳理it在英语语法中属人称代词，意思是161
“它”，用来指人以外的一切生物和事物。就这么简单吗？不！不仅不简单，而且很复杂。一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情。一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情、没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可作主语，也可以作宾语。1．指动物和植物。如：—Oh，that"sLucy"shat．噢，那是露茜的帽子。—Itlookslikeacat！它看上去像只猫！Where"steagrown？It"sgrowninthesoutheastofChina．什么地方种植茶？中国东南部种植茶。2．指代一些无生命的东西。如：Isityourwatch？这是你的手表吗？Lookattherain！It"sheavy，isn"tit？看这雨！雨很大，对吗？3．代替上文提到过的整个事情。如：Well，youmustn"tplayontheroad．It"sdangerous．哦，你不能在公路上玩。这太危险了！Itwashardwork，buttheyreallyenjoyedit．摘苹果是艰苦活，可他们都乐意去干（它）。二、用于指代人。1．指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。如：—Whowasit？是谁（打来的电话）？—WasitSusan？（打电话的）是苏珊吗？—Yes，itwas．是的，我是。（根据上下句，“itwas”也可不译出来。）161
再如：—Whoisknockingatthedoor？谁在敲门？—It"sme．是我。2．指说话者心目中的那个人。如：—Isityoursister，Kate？（那旧照片上的baby）是你姐姐凯特吧？—No！不是。—Isityourbrother？是你哥哥吧？—No！不是。—Iknow—it"syou！我知道了，（那）是你。3．指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时，也可用it来指人。如：Thechildsmiledwhenitsawitsmother．这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。Idon"tknowwhoitis．我不知道他是谁。注意：看到这样的句子（或听到这样的话）时，要想一想，不要一看到it就把它译成“它”。）4．在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。如：—Who"sthat？那人是谁？—IsitKate？是凯特吗？—Yes，Ithinkyou"reright．It"sKate．是的，我想你说对了，是凯特。三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等。1．表示时间。如：—Whattimeisit？几点钟？—It"sten．十点钟。It"ssummerinAustralianow．现在澳大利亚是夏天。161
特别注意it用于表示时间时还常见于以下两个句型中：（1）It"stime（forsb．）todosth．／It"stimeforsth．译为“是（某人）该干……的时间了”、“到……的时候了”。如：It"stimeforsupper／tohavesupper．是吃晚饭的时候了。Ithinkit"stimeforustostartthelessonnow．我想现在是我们开始上课的时候了。（2）Itis／hasbeen＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时。译为“自从……以来已过了……（时间）”。此结构可以与另一种句型进行同义句转换。如：Ithasbeentwoweekssincewemetlast．＝Twoweekshaspassedsincewemetlast．自从我们上次相遇以来，两个星期过去了。It"sthreeyearssincehecamehere．＝Ithasbeenthreeyearssincehecamehere．＝Hehasbeenhereforthreeyears．他到这里已经三年了。2．表示距离。如：It"shalfanhour"swalkfrommyhometotheschool．从我家到学校步行得花半小时时间。—Where"sthefarm，LiLei？Isitfar？李雷，农场在哪里？远吗？—No，it"squitenear．不，（距）离这很近。3．表示自然现象。如：Sometimesitsnowsandthelandisallwhite．有时下雪，大地一片白。Itisveryquiethereatthemoment．眼下这儿很安静。四、用作形式主语。161
英语中常常见到某个句子以it开头，it与其后面的动词不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从句等相呼应，以表达一个完整的意义。这是一种习惯表达法，这样的句式可避免句子显得头重脚轻。1．It＋is／was＋形容词＋（for／ofsb．）＋动词不定式短语。对于这个句型中究竟用for还是用of，一般遵循这样的规则：如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等则用of。如：Itisinterestingtoplaywithsnowinwinter．冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。It"simportantforustokeepthewaterclean．保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。It"sverykindofyoutosayso．你这样说真是太好了。注意：这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词；连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词，如feel等。如：It"sagoodhabittogetupearlyandgotobedearly．早睡早起是好习惯。Itmustbegreatfuntoflytothemooninaspaceship．乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。Itfeelsstrangetohaveatwinsister．有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。2．It＋willbe／is／was＋形容词＋动名词短语。如：It"sbadplayinginthestreet．在街上玩是没好处的。Isitanygoodtryingagain？再试一次有用吗？3．It＋is／was＋形容词＋从句。如：Itiscertainthathewillcome．他一定会来。It"struethathemayfallbehindtheotherstudents．他真的可能落后于其他同学。Itisstrangethatheshouldsayso．他居然这么说，真是奇怪。4．It＋is／was＋one"sturn（duty，pleasure）＋todo161
sth．意为―该轮到某人做某事（做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事）。如：It"syourturntobeondutytomorrow．明天轮到你值日了。5．Ittakes（sb．）sometimetodosth．意为“（某人）花……时间做某事”。如：Ittookmeaweektofinishreadingthebook．我花了一周时间看完这本书。6．It＋cost／costs＋sb．＋somemoney＋todosth．译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。如：Itcostme260yuantobuythenewwatch．我买这块新手表花了260元。7．Itseems／seemed＋从句。译为“看起来好像……”，此结构可以转换成“seem＋动词不定式”形式。如：Itseemsthatheisill．＝Heseemstobeill．看起来他好像病了。五、用作形式宾语。当句子的真正宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时，为避免句子头重脚轻，须将其放在宾语补足语之后，改用先行词it占据其原来的位置。it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式／动名词／从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。如：Hefounditnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell．他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。Wethinkitnogoodreadinginbed．我们认为躺在床上看书无益处。Ithinkitnecessarythatwehavethemeeting．我认为开这个会是必要的。第六章it,one,ones,that,those的区别用法为使表达简洁明了，我们常用it，one，ones，that，those161
等替代词来替代前面已经出现的名词。从近几年的高考英语情况来看，考查替代词的用法和区别一直是一个热点。本文拟就以上几个最重要的替代词的用法作一小结，同时为同学们归纳一些使用技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。一、替代表泛指的单数名词替代表泛指的单数名词，通常用one。如：Twoheadsarebetterthanone.两人智慧胜一人。Ilostmyoldcamera;thisisanewone.我的旧相机丢了，这是一架新的。Didyougetaticket?—Yes，Imanagedtogetone.你搞到票了吗?——是的，我设法搞到了一张。注：若one前没有形容词的修饰，则其前不能有不定冠词。比较：I,mlookingforaflat.I,dlikeasmallonewithagarden.我正在找一套公寓，想找一套小的带花园的。I,mlookingforaflat.I,dlikeonewithagarden.我正在找一套公寓，想找一套带花园的。（不能说：...aonewithagarden.）没有形容词修饰的one前不能用不定冠词，但可用another。如：Thispendoesn’twork.Imustbuyanotherone.这支钢笔坏了，我要另买一支了。另外，注意它与表特指的it的区别。如：Canyoulendmeapen?—Sorry.Ihaven’tgotone.你能借给我一支钢笔吗?——对不起，我没有钢笔。CanIborrowyourpen?—Sorry，I,musingit.我能借用你的钢笔吗?——对不起，我自己正在用。二、替代表特指的单数名词替代表特指的单数名词，可用it，that，theone。三者的区别是：161
1.替代单数可数名词时，三者均可用；替代不可数名词时，不能用theone，而要用it或that。此时it与that的区别是：表示同一事物时，用it；表示同类事物时，用that或theone。如：Theweatherhereistoocold.Idon’tlikeit.这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。（it在此指前面提到的theweather）TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofGuangzhou.北京的天气比广州冷。（that在此指代的天气与前面提到的天气为同类）MyuncleboughtmeadictionaryandIlikeitverymuch.我叔叔给我买了一本词典，我非常喜欢它。（it在此就是指前面提到的叔叔给我买的词典）Yourdictionaryismoreusefulthantheonemyunclegaveme.你这本词典比我叔叔给我的那本词典更有用。（theone在此表示与前面提到的词典为同类）2.替代事物时，三者均可用；替代人时，只能用theone。如：Whoisherhusband?—Theonebythewindow.哪位是她的丈夫？——窗户边的那一位。注：当要替代性别不明的婴儿时可用it。3.当有前置定语修饰时，只能用theone。如：Whichdoyouwant?—Theredone.你想要哪个?——那个红的。Shewouldratherhavethesmallonethanthelargeone.她宁愿要小的，不要大的。4.当有后置定语修饰时，通常用theone。如：Myroomisbetterthantheonenextdoor.我的房间比隔壁房间好。Hesaidhewouldhavetheonenearhim.他说要靠近他的那一个。Isthattheonethatwaspublishedrecently?是最近出版的那一种吗?Herearesixrings.Pickouttheoneyoulikebest.161
这里有六枚戒指，选出你最喜欢的一枚。但是，若后置定语为of引起的介词短语，则通常用that。如：ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanthatofJapan.中国人口比日本人口多得多。Agrandparent’sjobiseasierthanthatofaparent.祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。三、替代表泛指的复数名词替代表泛指的复数名词，通常用ones。如：Hardbedsarehealthierthansoftones.硬板床比软床有利于健康。Greenapplesoftentastebetterthanredones.青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。Wecanlendyouplasticchairsormetalones.我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。Thesechairshavethegreatadvantageofbeingmuchcheaperthanconventionalones.这些椅子具有比普通椅子便宜得多的优势。四、替代表特指的复数名词替代表特指的复数名词，通常用theones。如：I,dliketotryonthoseshoes.Theonesatthefrontofthewindow.我想试试那双鞋子。橱窗里前边的那一双。Aretheytheoneswhomovedhererecently?是最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗?Don’tbuytheexpensiveapples;getthecheaperones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。注：在口语中，也可用those来替代表特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有of引导的介词短语或who引导的定语从句修饰时。如：Wavesofredlightareabouttwiceaslongasthoseofbluelight.红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的两倍。Thoseofyouwhowishtogoonthetripmaysignuphere.161
你们中间想参加这次游览的人可以在这里签名。Hisideasarelittledifferentfromthoseofhisfriends.他的想法和他朋友的想法没什么两样。Studentswhodowellinexaminationsarethose［theones］whoaskquestionsinclass.考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。五、几点重要的补充说明1.当替代词one/ones紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及this，that，these，those，which，either，neither，another等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。如：Ithinkmydog,sthefastest（one）.我想我的狗是跑得最快的（一只）。Either（one）willsuitme.（这两个当中）哪一个对我都合适。Let’shaveanother（one）.咱们再来一个吧。Shelookedateach（one）carefullybeforeshechose.她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。Which（one）wouldyoulike?—That（one）looksthenicest.您要哪一个?——看起来那个最好。2.复数形式的ones之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及some，any，both，several，dozen，own等词修饰。如：Haveyougotanydrawing-pins?CanIborrowsomeplease?你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗?（不能说：...someones...）Doyouhaveanynewdiaries?—Wedon’thaveanyatthemoment.你有没有新的日记本?——我们眼下一本也没有了。（不能说：...anyones...）Doquestion1orquestion2，butnotboth.第1题和第2161
题选做一道，但不要两道都做。（不能说：...bothones.）HehasthreedictionariesandIhaveonlytwo.他有三本词典，但我只有两本。（不能说：...twoones.）注：如果ones前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以使用上述词语。如：误：herones/someones/anyones/fiveones/yourownones正：herredones/somenewones/anyoldones/fivebadones/yourownniceones在美国英语中，ones不能紧跟在these和those之后。但是在英国英语中可以这样用（也不常见）。3.当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用one（s）来替代。如：Doyouneedcoffeecupsorteacups?你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯?（不能说：...orteaones?）但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用one（s）替代。如：Wecanlendyouplasticchairsormetalones.我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。练习：1.Ilike_______intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one2.---Doyoulike______here?---Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.A.thisB.theseC.thatD.it3.I,mreadinganewbookthesedays,_____inEnglish.A.itB.thatC.oneD.which4.MrGreengavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadalreadytakenthem.A.oneB.theonesC.someD.theothers161
5.—Haveyoueverseenasnakealive?—Yes,I,veseen_____.A.thatB.soC.oneD.it6.Ipreferastreetinasmalltownto_____insuchalargecityasShanghai.A.thatB.itC.thisD.one7.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment，____Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what8.—MayIhelpyouwithsomeshoes，sir?—Yes，I,dliketotryonthosewhite___.A.oneB.onesC.twoD.pair巩固练习：1.IfIcanhelp_____,Idon"tlikeworkinglateintothenight.(06全国I26)A.soB.thatC.itD.them2.Mymostfamousrelativeofall,_____whoreallylefthismarkonAmerica,wasRebSussel,mygreat-grandfather.(06江苏22)A.oneB.theoneC.heD.someone3.AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade_____herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople"saffairsinthattown.(06湖南26)A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it4.Catherineboughtapostcardoftheplaceshewasvisiting,addressed_____to_____andthenposteditatthenearbypostoffice.(06安徽34)A.it;herB.it;herselfC.herself;herD.herself;herself5.IpreferaflatinInvernessto_____inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMom"s.(05天津15)161
A.oneB.thatC.itD.this6.I"mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan_____inthecity.(05江苏26)A.onesB.oneC.thatD.those7.We"vebeenlookingathousesbuthaven"tfound_____welikeyet.(05浙江20)A.oneB.onesC.itD.then8.Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems－infactfarmoreserious_____thanmobilephonesdo.(05江西24)A.oneB.onesC.itD.those9.Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade_____fromsomewoodwehad.(04全国I24)A.itB.oneC.himselfD.another10.Ilike_____intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(04全国II27)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one11.－Doyoulike_____here?－Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife,everythingisnice.(04全国Ⅲ32)A.thisB.theseC.thatD.it12.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_____Iwillalwaystreasure.(02全国35)A.thatB.oneC.itD.whatCDCBCDBB答案及简要分析：1.Cit用作人称代词,指已知的情况2.Btheone=therelative161
特指我在美国真正出名的亲戚3.Dit作形式宾语,代替不定式短语tolookafter…作宾语4.Bit指前面提到过的postcard5.Aone=aflat表示泛指6.Cthat代替不可数名词theair,表示特指7.Aone=ahouse表示泛指8.Bones=healthproblems表示泛指9.Bone=anewcupboard表示泛指10.Cit指已知的情况11.Dit指已知的情况12.Bone=amoment表示泛指第七章other,another,others,theothers,theother的用法和区别1.other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。如：Doyouhaveanyotherquestion(s)?你还有其他问题吗？Asksomeotherpeople.问问别人吧！Putitinyourotherhand.把它放在你另一只手里。2.theother指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用theother，不能用another，此时的other作代词。如：Hehastwodaughters.Oneisanurse,theotherisaworker.他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。161
theother后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。如：Ontheothersideofthestreet，thereisatalltree.在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。Maryismuchtallerthantheothergirls.玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。Helivesontheothersideoftheriver.他住在河的对岸。3.others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如：Someofuslikesinginganddancing,othersgoinforsports.我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。Givemesomeothers,please.请给我别的东西吧！Therearenoothers.没有别的了。4.theothers意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。是theother的复数形式。如：Twoboyswillgotothezoo,andtheotherswillstayathome.两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。theothers=theother+复数名词，这在第2条中已经有所介绍。5.another=an+other，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如：161
Idon’tlikethisone.Pleaseshowmeanother.我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。Ihavethreedaughters.Oneisanurse,anotherisateacherandanotherisaworker.我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。else表示“另外的”，表示“除此之外，还有”，相当于besides,如：WhatelsecanIsay?我还能说什么呢？1Shehastwosons,___isateacher,_____isanengineerAone,theotherBone,anotherCanother,anotherDone,other2Youhaveseenoneofthephotosofmysisters,nowI,llshowyou___AanotherBotherCothersDtheothers3__wenttothegreatwall,___visitedtheMiyunAAny,otherBOne,otherCSomeothersDSometheothers4Haveyouany____novels?AanotherBotherCothersDtheother5Wouldyouliketohave___cupoftea?AanotherBotherCothersDtheother6Thet-shirtistoolong,pleaseshowme___AanotherBotherCothersDtheother7Heisabletodotheworkwithout_____helpAtheother,sBothers,Canyothers,Dother161
8Wecandoit__timeAanotherBotherCothersDtheother9Therearefourdictionariesonthebookshelf.oneisFrench,___areEnglishAanotherBotherCothersDtheothers10Thechildrendon’tlikethisstory,pleasetellthem___AanotherBtheotherCothersDtheothers11Thesecupsareours，thoseare___AothersBothers,Cother,sDtheothers,12Chinaislargerthan_____countriesinEuropeAotherBothersCanyotherCanyothers13Ifyouwanttochangeadoubleroom,you,llhavetopay___＄15.AanotherBotherCothersDtheother第八章名词单数变复数的规则一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。例：friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。读音变化：统一加读[iz]。例：bus→buses;quiz→quizzes;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。读音变化：加读[z]。例：candy→candies;daisy→daisies;fairy→fairies;lady→ladies;story→stories161
四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。读音变化：加读[z]。例：tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes;torpedo→torpedoes;bingo→bingoes反例：silo→silos;piano→pianos（外来词）;photo→photos;五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。例：knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;staff→staves;scarf→scarves反例：roof→roofs六、部分单词的复数形式不变。读音变化：保持原音。例：fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;七、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。读音变化：没有规律。例：man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxen八、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词例：foot→feet;man→menmouse→mice;tooth→teeth;woman→women九、有些名词是单数、复数不分的例：deer;fish;cannon;sheep;salmon鲑鱼;trout鳟鱼十、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词例：abscence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery机械;news;scenery风景;sugar;traffic交通161
十一、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例：bellows风箱;clothes;police;shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼镜;shears大剪刀trousers长裤;wages工资十二、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词例：pair(对，双);suit(套);apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers十三、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼十四、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers以O结尾的词，许多加es构成复数，特别是一些常用词如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes但下面几类词只加s：1.以―元音+o或―oo结尾的词如:videos,radios,studios,,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,2.一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，如：pianos,3.一些缩写词和专有名词，如：kilos,photos,写出下列名词复数：leaf______puppy_______box_______knife_______fly______fox______bus______bench_____brush_____kiss______church______dish_____ruler______peach________glass_____pencil________boy______zoo______man______roof_______sheep_______knife______lady______key______story______watch______bamboo______city______161
family______day_____apple_______eraser______speech______thief______mouse______fish_____goose____people______ox_____Chinese_______deer_______foot______child_______tooth_______guy________hero_______spy______boss_____monkey______city______goat______radio________horse______dog______用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1．Therearesomany________(wolf)intheforest.2．Therearethree______(chair)intheclassroom.3．These_______(tomato)arered.4．______(hero)aregreat.5．Mybrotherlooksaftertwo______(baby)6．Therearesome______(deer)eatingthegrass.7．Myfatherlikestoeat_______(potato).8．Chinese______(people)liketoeatnoodles.9．Ihavealotof______(toy)inmybedroom.10．Ihelpmymotherwash______(dish)inthekitchen.11．Ihavetwo______(pencil-box).12．Therearesome______(bus)inthestreet.13．Peterhaseight_____(foot).14．Lindahasthree_______(tooth).15．Therearesome______(child)inthegarden.16．Michaellikesthe______(mouse).17．Therearesome______(goose)intheriver.161
18．Myuncleandfatherare_____(man).19．TomandKingare_____(boy).20．Lindahasthree______(tooth).选出正确形式1．Icanseethree________inthezoo.AmonkeysBmonkeysCmonkey2.Thepighasfour______.A.footB.feetC.foots3.Mytwobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen4.Therearefour___________intheclass.A.JapaneseB.JapanesesC.Japan5.Icanseeten_____inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig6.The_____hasthree______.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches7.Canyousee_______ontheplate?A.breadB.breadsC.breades8.Thegirloftenbrushesher_____beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth9.MrBlackoftendrinksome_________.A.milkB.milksC.milkes10.Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.childB.waterC.books11._______willlearnEnglish.A.WomanB.WomenC.Man12.Lucywillshowussomenew____ofhers.A.photoB.photosC.photoes13.Idranktwo______.161
A.bottlesoforangeB.bottleoforangeC.bottlesoforanges14.Thecateatstwo______lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouse15.Ineedapenandsome_____.A.booksB.deskC.chair16Jimwaslatefortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe______.A.roomsnumberB.RoomnumberC.Room’snumberD.Roomnumbers17.Thenewly-builtlibraryisa______building.A.five-storeyB.fivestoreysC.five-storey’sD.fivestoreys’18.---Whoseumbrellaisit?---It’s_______.A.somebodyelse’sB.SomebodyelseC.Somebody’selse’sD.Somebody’selse19.Ifeelterriblyhot,What’sthe_____?A.temperatureofroomB.Room’stemperatureC.RoomtemperatureD.Temperatureofroom’s20._______willmakeatriparoundtheworldduringthecomingChristmas.A.TheEvensB.TheEvens’C.TheEvensesD.TheEvenses’21.ThegirltalkingtoMaryisafriendof________.A.Mary’ssisterB.Marysister’sC.Mary’ssister’sD.sisterofMary’s22.Thewomanoverthereis______mother.A.JuliaandShelley’sB.Julia’sandShelley’sC.JuliaandShelleyD.Julia’sandShelley23.Heisverytired.Heneeds______.161
A.anightrestB.arestnightC.anight’srestD.arestofnight24．---Excuseme，whereare_______offices?---Overthere．A．teacher’sB．teachers’C．theteacher’sD．theteachers’25．TodayisSeptember10th.It’s_____Day.Let’sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeacherB.Teachers’C.theTeachers’D.Teacher’s第九章介词1.in;on;at用在时间词前，表“在”1)at+具体时刻2)on+具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时）3)in+年、月、季节及一天中的某部分但注意：atnight=inthenightatnoonatthis/thattimeatChristmaseg.1.___themorning2.___Mondaymorning3.___arainyevening4.___3:505.__2002161
6.___themorningofApril107.___spring8.___night9.___thistime10.___March另外注意：在时间词（morning,afternoon,eveningSunday…）前有last,next,this,that时，不再用介词.tomorrow,tonight前也不用介词。eg.Iwillgo(A)tothecinema(B)in(C)thisevening.2.in,on,at表地点：At一般指小地方；In一般指大地方或某个范围之内；On往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：eg.1)Hearrived___Shanghaiyesterday.2)Theyarrived___asmallvillagebeforedark.3)Thereisabighole____thewall.4)Theteacherputupapicture____thewall.3.in,on,to表方位in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；161
to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系eg.1)TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.2)HubeiisonthenorthofHunan.3)JapanistotheeastofChina.4.cross:动词“跨过，越过”=goacrossacross:（表面）跨过贯穿介词through:（内部）穿过，eg.1)Canyouswim_____theriver?2)Theroadruns__________theforest.3)_____thebridge,you,llfindacinema.5.in+时间段：与将来时连用after+时间段：与过去时连用但after+时间点：可与将来时连用。1)I,llleave_______threeo,clock..Thatis,I,llleave________abouttenminutes.2)Theyleft_______twoweeks.6.inthetree(外加在树上的事物)onthetree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)inthewall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)161
7.onthewall(墙表面的事物)1)Thereisamap___thewall2)Therearefourwindows___thewall.8.bybike/bus/car/ship(单数且无冠词)但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。eg.bybike=ona(the;his)bikebycar=ina(theher)car9.on:在„（表面）上——接触over:在„的正上方above:在„的斜上方未接触1)Themoonrose______thehill.2)Thereisabridge_____theriver.3)Thereisabook______thedesk.10.between:在（两者）之间among:在（三者以上）之间1)AbigcrowdofpeoplewerewaitingforLiLidaonthebeach.________themwerehisparents.2)Tomsits________LucyandLily.11.on与about:关于On用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等About用于非正式的谈话或随便提及eg.Hegaveatalk____thehistoryoftheParty161
12.infrontof:在„前面/方（范围外）=beforein/atthefrontof:在„„前部（范围内）1)Thereisabigtree_______oftheclassroom.2)Adriverdrives_________ofthebus.类似区别：atthebackof与behind13.with和in:表示“用”with:指“用工具、手、口等”in:指“用语言、话语、声音等”1)Pleasewritetheletter____apen.2)Pleasespeak____aloudvoice.14.onafarm，inafactor，thegirlintheha，leavefor:动身前往某地15.一些固定搭配：（1）介词与动词的搭配listento,laughat,getto,lookfor;waitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend…on…,等。（2）介词与名词的搭配ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,withpleasure,onone,swayto,introuble,atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beangrywith,befullof,161
besorryfor等。二、常见方位介词短语（一）、由介词in构成的方位介词短语1、inthefront在前面2、inthefrontrow在前排3、inthebackrow在后排4、inthethirdrow在第三排5、infrontof...在...前面（范围之外）6、inthefrontof...在...前部（范围之内）7、inthemiddle在中间8、inthestreet在街上9、inthemiddleof...在中间10、inthetree在树上（指飞鸟等外来物）（二）、由介词at构成的方位介词短语1、atthefrontof...在...所在范围的前一部分2、atthebackof...在...所在范围的后一部分3、atthefootof...在...脚下4、atthetopof...在...顶部5、attheendof...在...尽头6、attheheadof...在...前头7、atthe（school）gate在（校）门口161
8、atthestation在车站9、atNo.2Chang’anRoad在长安路2号10、atmyuncle’s在我叔叔家11、athome在家12、atthedoctor’s在医务室/在诊所（三）、由介词on构成的方位介词短语1、ontheright/left在右（左）边2、onone’sright/left在某人的右（左）边3、onthedesk/table在课桌/桌上4、ontheright-hand/left-handside在右/左手边5、ontheblackboard在黑板上6、on/inthewall在墙上/里7、onthepaper在纸上8、onthetree在树上（指树上长的，结的东西）三、其它介词构成的方位介词短语1、nextto靠近/贴近2、besidethedesk在课桌旁3、behindthedoor在门后4、underthebed在床下5、nearthewindow靠近窗户6、outsidethegate在门外161
第十章冠词冠词三兄弟a,an和the的任务就是给名词“戴帽子”。语法上，冠词是虚词，没有词义，用于名词前，帮助表明词义。冠词分为两类：不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。不定冠词a/an只能用于单数名词之前，表示“一”的意思或该名词的不特定性。定冠词则强调该名词的特定性，表示“这”、“这些”等意思，在可数名词与不可数名词之前都能使用。不定冠词的用法A.不定冠词的种类：不定冠词有两个：a和an。a用于以辅音音标开头的单词之前。一本书：abook；一个女人：awomanan用于以元音音标开头的单词之前。一个苹果：anapple；一位老人：anold；一个小时：anhour：一个鸡蛋：anegg当形容词修饰名词时，冠词要放在形容词的前面，这时用a或an取决于这个形容词的读音。一位英语老师：aEnglishteather；一个红苹果：aredappleB.不定冠词的用法：①用于第一次提到的、不确定的人或物（可数名词）之前Thereisadogoutsidethedoor外有一条狗DoyouseeamaninredT-shirt?你有看到一个穿红体恤衫的男子吗？②用于价格或时间等名词的前面，是“每”的意思161
4Yuanakilo每公斤四元onceaweek一周一次③表示职业、身份alawyer一个律师adoctor一个医生astudent一位学生④用于数字、量词之前ahundred一百alotof许多acouple一对⑤用于一些固定词组中havearest休息makealiving谋生agreatdeal很多定冠词的用法A.定冠词的一般用法①用于第二次谈到的人或物Shehasabag.thebagisyellow.她有一个包，这个包是黄色的。②用于双方共知的人或物Idon’tlikethecoat.我不喜欢这件大衣。③“the+n单数.”可以表示一类人或物thepanda大熊猫thedriver司机B.定冠词的特殊用法定冠词常用于一些特定词的前面。助记：沙漠、河流与群山；列岛、海峡与海湾；阶级、党派、国家名；组织、团体和机关；方位、朝代、独一词；会议、文件及报刊；乐器、建筑、海洋群；定冠词帽戴在前。theYellowRiver黄河playthepiano弹钢琴theGreatWall长城161
thePeople,sDaily人民日报theUnitedNations联合国①用于姓氏复数之前表示全家人/夫妇俩theGreens格林一家theLis李先生一家②“the+adj.”表示一类人或物therich富人thepoor穷人theyoungman年轻人③用于一些固定词组中intheeveningatthetime在此时gotothemovie去电影院inthefrontof在前部不用冠词的情况下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。①在一些专有名词（人名、地名、月份、节日等）之前，不用冠词MissLaura劳拉小姐DoctorSmith史密斯医生Hydepark海德公园Australia澳大利亚March三月Children,sDay儿童节②名词前已有修饰词的时候，不用冠词thismorning今天早上mybook我的书yourchild你的孩子161
③在表示三餐、球类、棋类和游戏等名词前，一般不用冠词playbasketball打篮球playcards打牌playgames玩游戏havesupper吃晚饭④在物质名词和抽象名词前，一般不用冠词Welovepeace.我们爱和平。Smokingisbadforhealth.吸烟有害健康。巩固练习1.HanMeimeiisChinesegirl.LucyisEnglishgirl.A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a2.Alittleboywrote“U”and“n”onthewall.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a3.Therearesixtyminutesinhour.A.anB.theC.aD./4.Thisisinterestingbookanditisalsousefulone.A.an;anB.an;theC.ah;aD.a;a5.Mrs.Smithisfriendof。A.the;mineB.a;meC.the;myD.a;mine6.IgotoSchoolonfootbecausemyhomeisnearschool.A.a;aB.the;theC./;/D./;the7.Yesterdayweheldtalkwiththeminthehall.A.theB.thisC.aD.an8.Iusuallygooutforwalkaftertea;A:a;/B./;theC.a;aD.the;a161
9.Thisisegg.eggisbig.A.a;AB.an;AnC.a;TheD.an;The10.Peopleoftengotoswiminsummer.A./B.aC.anD.the11.Thereisoldmanundertree.A.an;theB.the;aC.a;theD.an;/12.-Whoseroomisthat?-It"s.A.thetwins"B.ofLucyandLilyC.ofthetwinsD.thetwins13.Wecanseesunandmooninpicture.A.a;the;theB.the;a;theC.a;the;aD.the;the;the14.Brownsaresittingatbreakfasttable.A./;aB.The;/C.The;theD./the15.Mostofusarefrom.A.thesouthB.southC.thesouthernD.southern16.TomenjoysplayingfootballwhileIenjoyplayingpianoverymuch.A.the;theB.a;aC./;theD.the;/17.Weshouldlookafterold.A.theseB.thoseC.theD.an18.TheshipissailingonPacificOceanA.aB.theC./D.that19.MrSmithisateacher.161
A.TheB.AC.ThisD./20.Youhavemissed“n”inyourspellingofword“government”。A.an;aB.an;theC.a;theD.the;/2．改错1.Igotoschoolbyabikeeveryday.2.Westudythemathsthisterm.3.They,rehavingasuppernow.4.Asunisbiggerthanthemoon.5.Hewasfirsttocometothemeeting.6.ThreehundredsofstudentswenttotheparklastSunday.7.Heisill.Soheisinthebed.8.ThestudentandtheYoungPioneerisgoingtohelptheoldman.9.Pleasegivemearice.10.WangMeiplaysapianoverywell.11.Openwindow,please.12.Thereisadogintheroom.Adogishers.13.Thereisa“m”intheword“may”.14.It’stheAprilnow.15.Theboyisinhistwenty.答案：一：CBABD—DCADA—ABDDA—CDBAC二.1.去掉a2.去掉the3.去掉a4.A-The5.first前加the6.hundredsof改161
hundred7.去掉the8.is改are9.a-some10.a改some11.windows前加the12.A-The13.a-an14.去掉the15.twenty-twenties第十一章形容词一.定义：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。二.形容词的作用，见下表：作用例句定语Youcanseealotofbeautifulflowersinthegarden.表语Yourcoatistoosmall.宾语补足语Theoldwomankeepseverythingcleanandtidy.注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone,afraid,asleep等。例如：Don"twakethesleepingbabyup.Heisasleep.Theoldmanisalone.形容词用来修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：You"dbettertellussomethinginteresting.Thepolicefoundnothingstrangeintheroom.多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。161
例如：Hisgrandpastilllivesinthissmallshorthouse.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。ThewomanboughttwobeautifulChineseplates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich/poor;good/badyoung/oldhealthy/illliving/deadblack/white(表示人种等)。例如：Theyoungshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。形容词短语做定语时要后置。如：Theyarethestudentseasytoteach.他们是很容易较的学生。Weliveinahousemuchlargerthanyours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Didyouseeanybodyelse?你看到别的人了吗？三．以-ly结尾的形容词1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。Hersingingwaslovely.161
Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.2）有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。TheTimesisaweeklypaper.《时代周刊》为周刊。TheTimesispublishedweekly.《时代周刊》每周发行一期。第十二章副词一.定义:副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。二.副词的位置:1）在实义动词之前。2）在be动词、助动词之后。3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意：a.大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如：Wecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofus.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。b.方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如：HespeaksEnglishwell.他英语说得好。三.副词的排列顺序：1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如：Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.请写得慢一些，仔细一些3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。161
注意：副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：（错）IverylikeEnglish.（对）IlikeEnglishverymuch.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如：Idon"tknowhimwellenough.他我不熟悉。Thereisenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。四.兼有两种形式的副词1）close与closelyclose意思是"近"；closely意思是"仔细地"。例如：Heissittingclosetome.他就坐在我边上。Watchhimclosely.盯着他。2）late与latelylate意思是"晚"；lately意思是"最近"。例如：Youhavecometoolate.你来得太晚了。Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?近来好吗？3）deep与deeplydeep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"。例如：Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.老爸也被电影深深打动了。4）high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如：Theplanewasflyinghigh.这架飞机飞得很高。Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.你的看法很有道理。5）wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"。例如：He161
openedthedoorwide.他把门开得大大的。Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。6）free与freelyfree的意思是"免费"；freely的意思是"无限制地"。例如：Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。五．各种类型副词的位置英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：Herunsslowly.他跑的很慢。时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：Theywenttotheparkyesterdaymorning.昨天上午他们去公园了。IheardhimsingEnglishsongsoverthere.我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。注意：有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：YesterdayIgotuplate.昨天我起床很晚。频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前如：Heisseldomill.他很少生病。Youmustalwaysrememberthis.你一定要记住这一点。Ioftenwritetomyparents.我经常写信给父母。161
注意：有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：Sometimesshegoestoschoolbybusandsometimesshegoestoschoolbybike.有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：Inearlymissedthebus.我几乎错过了公交车。否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：Sheseldomgoesoutatnight.她晚上很少出门。Iamneverlateforschool.我上学从不迟到。疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：Whencanyoucome?你什么时候来？还有what，how，why，howmany等词同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：Themeetingwillbeheldintheclassroomtomorrow.明天会议将在教室里举行。注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如：late,wide,well,fast,easy,early等Theroadissowidethat8busescangothrowitatatime.Openyourmouthwide.第十三章频度副词1.定义usually/sometimes/always/often等词在英文中被称为频度副词，是用来表示动作频率的，但程度上有别。常见频度副词按频率大小排列如下：always（100%）>usually（80%）>often（60%）>sometimes（40%）>seldom（20%）>never（0%）2.频度副词的位置161
◆频度副词在句中习惯上位于be动词、助动词等之后，行为动词之前。1.在be动词之后。如：Sheissometimesverybusy.她有时很忙。2.在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。如：Iwillneverforgetthislesson.我将永远忘不了这一课。3.在实义动词之前。如：Weoftengothere.我们常去那儿。◆sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末，often也可放在句末（一般不放在句首）。如：Sometimesshewritestome.=Shewritestomesometimes.她有时候给我写信。Shewritestomeoften.她经常给我写信。◆如果有两个助动词，频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。如：Wehaveneverbeeninvitedtooneoftheirparties.他们聚会，一次也没邀请过我们。Shemustsometimeshavewantedtorunaway.她有时候一定想到过要逃走。3.频度副词的用法◆always频率最高，表示动作重复、状态继续，表示“一直、总是”，其反义词为never。always等与not连用时，表示部分否定。如：Thericharenotalwayshappy.有钱的人并不总是快乐的。如果要变为否定句，应将always改为never才能全部否定。如：LiMingisalwayslateforschool.李明上学总是迟到。LiMingisneverlateforschool.李明上学从不迟到。（全部否定）161
LiMingisnotalwayslateforschool.李明上学不总是迟到。（部分否定）频度副词通常和一般现在时连用，表示动作发生的频率。但always与进行时连用时，并不强调动作正在进行，而是表示赞叹、厌烦等情绪。如：Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.他总是想着别人。（赞叹）Sheisalwaysaskingsillyquestions.她总是问些愚蠢的问题。（厌烦）Theboyisalwaysaskingformoney.这个小男孩总是要钱。（厌烦）◆usually意为“通常”，表示习惯性动作或状态，很少有例外。如：Weusuallygotoschoolatseveninthemorning.我们通常在早上七点上学。MymotherandIusuallygoshoppingonSundays.我和妈妈通常在星期天去买东西。◆Often意为“经常，时常”，表示反复性的动作或状态，中间有间断，不如usually那么频繁。其反义词是seldom。often在句尾时常被very或quite修饰。如：ItoftenrainshereinApril.这儿四月份常下雨。heboysofteneatnoodlesandthegirlssometimeseatthem.男生经常吃面条，女生有时吃。Ioftenchatwithmyfriendsunderthebigtree.我经常在这棵大树下和朋友聊天。Hewritestohisfriendsquiteoften.他常给他的朋友写信。◆sometimes意为“有时”，频率不及often，表示动作偶尔发生，间断时间较长。其位置比较灵活，放在句首、句中、句末都可。如：Sometimeswegotothecinemaandatothertimeswegoforawalk.有时我们去看电影，有时我们去散步。IsometimeswatchTVintheevening.我有时晚上看电视。161
Myfatherhaslunchinthefactorysometimes.我父亲有时在工厂吃午饭。◆seldom意为“很少”；never意为“从不”。这两个副词表示否定意义，动作几乎不会发生。如：Heseldomeatsbreakfast.他很少吃早餐。Thelittlegirlseldomgoesout.这个小女孩很少外出。Iwillneverforgetyourkindness.我永远忘不了你的好意。Theboysnevereatchocolateandthegirlsseldomeatit.男生从不吃巧克力，女生很少吃。Btterlatethannever.[谚语]迟到（迟做）总比不来（不做）好。◆hardly具有否定意义，表示“几乎不、简直不”，除非特殊情况，否则不会发生。如：Theboyissoyoungthathecouldhardlyunderstandit.这个孩子太小了，不可能懂得这件事。◆对上述频度副词提问时，用howoften。如：Iwritetomybrothersometimes.→Howoftendoyouwritetoyourbrother？4.频度副词位于助动词之前两种情况1.）为了表示强调，频度副词有时也可位于动词be、助动词、情态动词之前，此时助动词等应重读。如：Shealwayswaslate.她老是迟到。Inevercanremember.我永远也记不住。2.）在简略答语中，当频度副词与动词be、助动词或情态动词位于句末时，频度副词必须前置。—Philipislateagain.—Yes,healwaysis.—菲利普又迟到了。—是的，他总是迟到。161
—Canyouparkyourcarneartheshops?—Yes.Iusuallycan.—你可以在商店附近停车吗?—”是的，通常可以。5.频度副词在否定句中的用法在否定句中，有的频度副词位于否定词之前或之后均可，而有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后，而还有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词。大致情况如下：1.）频度副词usually和often可位于否定词not之前或之后。他们不常开这样的晚会。正：Theydon’toftenholdsuchparties.正：Theyoftendon’tholdsuchparties.星期日我们一般不在9点以前起床。正：Wedon’tusuallygetupbeforenineonSundays.正：Weusuallydon’tgetupbeforenineonSundays.在否定句中，频度副词用于句中或句首，有时但会导致意思不同。Hedoesn’tusuallysleepfortwodaysatatime.他很少一连睡两天。Usuallyhedoesn’tsleepfortwodaysatatime.他连续两天不睡觉是常事。2.）频度副词always总是位于否定词之后，不可位于否定句之前。Thingsarenotalwayswhattheyseemtobe.外表往往是靠不住的。Silencemustnotalwaysbereadasconsent.沉默并不见得一定意味着同意。3.）频度副词sometimes总是位于否定词之前，不可位于否定词之后。Jimissometimesnotverypunctual.吉姆有时不太准时。Debbieissometimesnotresponsibleforwhatshedoes.黛比有时对她所做的事不负责任。161
6.频度副词位于句末的用法1）sometimes常可用于句末。如：Weallgetintotroublesometimes.我们有时都会遇到麻烦。Youcan’tworkallthetime，itdoesyougoodtogooutandenjoyyourselfsometimes.你不能总是工作，有时出去放松一下会对你有好处。2）often有时可置于句末，但通常会带有very,quite,fairly,more,so等修饰语。如：We’vebeentherequiteoften.经常去那里。WhenIwasyoung,Iusedtoplaytennisveryoften.我年轻时经常打网球。Dianausedtotravelalot.Thesedaysshedoesn’tgoawaysooften.娜过去经常旅游。最近她不常出门了。We"renotexactlyonintimateterms,butweseeeachotherfairlyoften.虽算不上关系密切，但还常见面。注：有时也可不带修饰语，但主要见于否定句或疑问句。如：Hewritestomeoften.他经常给我写信。Doyoucomehereoften?你常来这儿吗?Idon’tcomehereoften.我不常来这儿。3.usually有时也用于句末，其前不用修饰语。I’mnotlate,usually.我通常不迟到。IgetpaidonFridaysusually.我通常在星期五领工资。4.seldom一般不用于句末，除非其前带有only，very等修饰。Wegooutveryseldom.我们绝少外出。161
Iplaybasketballveryseldomindeed.我很少打篮球。5.always一般不用于句末，偶尔用于句末，此时它不表法“总是”，而表示“永远”。I’llloveyoualways.我将永远爱你。另外，有时用于句末是因为句子有所省略的缘故。GenerallytheywalkedtogetheronSunday,butnotalways.他们一般在星期日一起散步，但并不总是如此。句中的butnotalways=buttheydidn’talwayswalktogetheronSunday。7.频度副词位于句首的用法1）sometimes常可用于句首。Sometimesshecomeslate.有时她来得晚。Sometimesshedidn’tagreewithme.有时她和我意见不一致。SometimeswegetalotofraininAugust.有时在8月份雨水很大。2.）often用于句首时，通常表示强调，且其前一般有quite,very修饰。Veryoftenhecomesinlate.他常常迟到。QuiteoftenthephoneringswhenI’minthebath.电话经常在我洗澡时响。3）usually有时也用于句首，其前不用修饰语。UsuallyIgetupearly.我平时起得早。Sometimeshecomesbybus,butusuallyhecomesbytaxi.有时他坐公共汽车来，不过他通常还是打的来。Usuallycookingpotshavetwosmallhandlesbutpanshaveonelonghandle.通常地深底煮锅有两只把手而平底锅只有一个长长的把手。4）always一般不用于句首，除非是用在祈使句中。161
Alwaysrememberthis.请时刻记住这一点。Alwayslookinthemirrorbeforestartingtodrive.一定要先看看反光镜再开车。另外，never也可用于祈使句的句首。Nevertellhimthenews.千万不要告诉他这消息。Neveraskherabouthermarriage.决不要问她结婚的事。5）在正式文体中，表示否定意义的副词seldom,never可位于句首，但此时其后要用倒装语序。Seldomhastherebeensuchahappymeeting.过去很少有过这样愉快的会议。Neverdidhethinkthebookwouldbefinishedsosoon.他可没想到这本书会这么快看完8.另外，onceayear(每年一次),twiceaweek(每周两次),threetimesaday(一天三次),everySaturdayafternoon（每星期六下午）等，这些时间状语也表示频率，它们可以和频度副词用在同一个句子中，表达上没有重复。如：Weusuallygotothecinemafourtimesamonth.我们通常一个月看四次电影。课后练习单项选择（）1.—HowoftendoesyoursistersurftheInternet?—About（.）A.threetimeB.threetimesC.threetimeeverydayD.threetimesaday（）2.—WhenisyourfathergoingtoHongKong?—Heisgoingthere（）July28th.A.onB.atC.inD.to（）3.Thankyoufor（）mefindmylittlecatyesterday.161
A.helpB.helpsC.helpedD.helping（）4.Areyougoodat（）?A.swimB.swimmingC.toswimD.swam（）5.—CouldIuseyourcomputer?—（）.A.Yes,Ican.B.Yes,youcan’tC.Sorry,youcan’tD.No,Ican’t.（）6.—（）doesittakeyoutowatchTV?—Aboutfortyminutes.A.HowlongB.HowmuchC.HowoftenD.Howmany（）7.Iamvery（）becauseIdon’tlikeexercise.A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.unhealthy（）8.Judy（）astomachache,soshe（）eatanythingfortwenty-fourhours.A.has;shouldB.have;shouldC.has;shouldn’tD.have;shouldn’t（）9.Myfriendlikessingingandtalkingwithothers.ButIoftenstayathometowatchTV.Somyfriendis（）thanme.A.seriouserB.moreseriousC.calmerD.moreoutgoing（）10.—Howdoeshegettowork?—He（）abike.—Howlongdoesit（）himtogetfromhometotheoffice?—It（）him20minutes.A.rides;takes;takesB.rides;take;takesC.ride;takes;takesD.ride;take;takes（）11.DoesBabaragotowork（）busor()foot?161
A.to;byB.with;onC.by;onD.on;on（）12.Mybirthdayisin().A.TuesdayB.AprilC.March3rdD.Monday（）13.—()areyoustayinginOttawa?—Fortwoweeks.A.HowlongB.HowmanyC.HowoftenD.Howmuch（）14.I’mshort,soIwanttobe().A.heavierB.largerC.tallerD.bigger（）15.Whenitrains,I()ataxi.A.takeB.rideC.byD.sit1.(2009·沈阳中考)-DoesAliceoftenworkuntil2a.m.?-No,she________does.A.nearlyB.certainlyC.seldomD.always2.(2009·江西中考)–Ididn’tknowyoutakeabustoschool.-Oh,I______takeabus,butitissnowingtoday.A.hardlyB.neverC.sometimesD.usually3.(2009·阜康中考)-Wereyouoftenlateforschoollastterm,Tom?-No,_______.Igottoschoolearlyeveryday.A.AlwaysB.UsuallyC.SometimesD.Never4.(2009·山西中考)–Howoftendoyougotoaconcert?-_______ever.I,mnotinterestedinthatatall.A.UsuallyB.HardlyC.Almost5.(2009·常州中考)-Johnsingssowell.Hasheeverbeentrained?-No.Helearnsallbyhimself.He________goestoanytrainingclass.161
A.usuallyB.oftenC.neverD.even6.(2009·漳州中考)–MissGaoisverypopularwithherstudents.-Yes.Herclassesare______livelyandinteresting.A.seldomB.neverC.sometimesD.always7.(2008·攀枝花中考)Wearegoingtohaveaparty________nextweek.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes8.(2008·芜湖中考)Sandyissocarefulthatshe________makesmistakesinherhomework.A.usuallyB.seldomC.oftenD.always第十四章形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法当两种物体之间相互比较时，我们要用形容词或副词的比较级；当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时，我们就要用形容词或副词的最高级。※形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律：1.单音节形容词或副词后面直接加-er或-esttall—taller—tallestfast—faster—fastest2.以-e结尾的单音节形容词或副词直接加-r或-stlarge—larger—largestnice—nicer—nicest3.以-y结尾的形容词或副词，改-y为-i再加-er或-estbusy—busier—busiestearly—earlier—earliest4.形容词或副词是重读闭音节时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er或-esthot—hotter—hottestbig—bigger—biggest5.多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more或mostdelicious—more161
delicious—mostdeliciousbeautiful—morebeautiful—mostbeautiful6.不规则变化good(well)—better—bestbad(badly)—worse—worstmany(much)-more-mostlittle-less-least⑥.特殊变化：原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/badly（坏地）worseworstlittlelessleastoldOlder（年龄）/elder(辈份)oldest/eldestfarfarther距离/further（深奥的）farthest/furthestⅡ.形容词比较级的用法：表示两者（人或物）的比较。⒈比较级+than从句表示两者比较（A…比较级+thanB）①.他比我高。Heis________(tall)thanme.②.他的头发比我的短。Hishairis________(short)than_________.Hehas________(short)hairthan________.③.Tom比我胖。Tomis_____(fat)thanme.④.谁跑得快些，Lucy还是Lily？Whoruns_________,LucyorLily?⑤.英语比语文重要。Englishis_______________(important)thanChinese.⑥.我来的比你晚。Icome_______(late)thanyou.⑦.他比你小2岁。He,s2years_________thanyou.⒉表示两者“相等”用，as+形容词原级+比较对象:(A…as原级B)①他和我一样高。Heisas________(tall)asI/me.161
②英语比语文重要。Englishisas_______________(important)asChinese.③他的头发和我的头发一样长。Hishairis_______________________mine.④他学习和你一样努力。Heworks_______hard______you.⒊表示“不如”，“不相等”时，用“not+as/so+形容词原级+as+比较对象”。①他没我高。Heis______________(tall)asme.②今天没有昨天暖和。Todayis____________________(warm)_______yesterday.=Yesterday______________thantoday.③他昨天来得没有我早。He_________come________earlyasI(did)yesterday.比较级前可用much/alot/far(…得多)，alittle（稍微）,still,no,even（甚至）,any等表示程度；形容词、副词前如有：very,too,quite（非常）,rather（相当）等修饰，一般用原级。比较：Heismuch___________(well)today.It’smuch____________(expensive).Heisvery__________(well)today.It’stoo___________(expensive)△⒋“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越…”天气越来越冷了。It’sgetting______and_______(cold)△⒌“The+比较级…，the+比较级…”表示“越…，就越…“”越多越好The________,the_______.△⒍“用twice等表示倍数的词+as+原级＋as…”表示甲是乙的几倍。这间房是那间房的两倍。Thisroomis_______asbigasthatone.Ⅲ.形容词最高级的用法：161
表示三者或三者以上（人或物）的比较,其中有一个超过其他几个。形容词最高级前要加the，后面通常带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围（of后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类；in表示时间或空间范围）。①在我们班上他最高。Heis__________(tall)_____ourclass.②玛丽是这三个学生中最小的。Maryis__________(young)______thethreestudents.一．出下列单词的比较级1.tall___________2.quiet____________3.funny_______________4.heavy___________5.thin_____________6.big______________7.outgoing_____________8.wild________9.little_____________10.good____________11.bad_______________12.many__________选择填空1.WhichdoesJimmylike_____,ChineseorArt?A.wellB.bestC.betterD.much2.TheChangjiangRiverisoneof_____intheworld.A.thelongestriverB.longestriversC.thelongestriversD.longerrivers3.Theboxis_________thanIwanted.A.bigerB.thebigerC.biggerD.thebigger4.Mymooncakeisnicer_____his.A.likeB.withC.forD.than5.Youarefatterthan_____.A.heB.hisC.himD.heistall6.Hejumps_____ofthethree.A.farB.furtherC.farthestD.furthest161
7.Myhairislongerthan_____.A.mysisterB.KateC.mybrother’sD.Lucy’s8.Thereare_____paperhere.Pleasebringsome.A.littleB.lessC.fewerD.alittle9.Thepenis_____thanthatone.A.morecheapB.cheapC.muchcheaperD.quitecheaper10.TomspeaksChinese_____betterthanJimmy.A.moreB.veryC.alotofD.much11.Thereare_____girlsinClassTwothaninClassFour.A.moreB.nicestC.mostD.best12.It’stoo_____foryoutodothat.A.easyB.moredangerousC.harderD.theeasiest13.Whohas_____applesnow,Jim,LilyorLucy?A.muchB.biggestC.betterD.themost14.Youhavemorerulersthanme.But_____arenicerthan_____.A.mine,yoursB.mine,yourC.my,yoursD.my,your15.Tingtingis_____thanMeimei,butMeimeiis_____thanTingting.A.all,strongerB.taller,strongestC.tallest,strongD.taller,stronger16.Motheris_____inmyfamily.A.busyB.busierC.thebusiestD.morebusy17.Thereare_____intheparkonSunday.A.morechildrenB.alotofpeopleC.muchmenandwomenD.manypeoples161
18.-Thisbluesweateristoobigforme.-Willyoupleaseshowmea_____one?A.smallB.smallerC.thesmallestD.smallest19.Nooneis_____Maryintheclass.A.sotallestasB.astallerasC.sohighasD.sotallas20.Thisbikeis_____thanthatone.A.twentyyuandearB.twentyyuandearerC.deartwentyyuanD.dearertwentyyuan二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Yourclassroomis_____(wide)and_____(bright)thanours.2.Thereare_____(few)hoursofsunlightadayinwinterthaninsummer.3.Whichdoyoulike_____(well),mathsorchemistry?4.Thisisthe_____(good)filmIhaveeverseen.5.Africaisthesecond_____(large)continent.6.Whathesaidmadehismothermuch_____(angry).7.I’mnotas_____(careful)ashe.8.We’vegotas_____(many)booksasweneed.9.Praticeas_____(much)asyoucan.10.Theyhavedone_____(much)workwith_____(little)money.11.You’rethe_____(kind)personI’veevermet.12.Heis_____(young)thanhistwosisters.13.The_____(old)Iget,the_____(strong)Iseemtofeel.14.Theweatherisgetting_____(warm)and_____(warm).161
15.Summeris_____(hot)seasonoftheyear.第十五章形容词和副词的辨析一形容词变副词的规律a.一般的形容词在结尾加ly变为副词。例如：careful-carefullyb.以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。例如：true-trulyc.辅音加y结尾的单词去y变i在加ly。例如：angry-angrilyd.单音节y结尾直接加ly。例如：shy-shylye.以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。例如：terrible-terriblyf.形容词、副词同形：hard,fast,friendly,late,early,lovely,long。这部分请同学们注意，其中很多单词加ly之后就变成其他意思的单词了。例如：hardly就变成“几乎不”的意思，是小学阶段五大隐形否定词（few，little,never,seldom,hardly）之一。二形容词副词比较级的写法：①单音节单词后+er。例如：tall-taller,short-shorter②重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加er：hot-hotter,big-bigger,thin-thinner,fat-fatter③双音节辅音+y结尾去y变i再加er：ugly-uglier,busy-busier,easy-easier,early-earlier,heavy-heavier,healthy-healthier,happy-happier1．④在双音节或多于双音节的单词前面加more：careful-morecareful,beautiful-more2．最高级的写法：①单音节单词后+est。例如：tall-tallest,short-shortest②重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加est：hot-hottest,big-biggest,thin-thinnest,fat-fattest161
③双音节辅音+y结尾去y变i再加est：ugly-ugliest,busy-busiest,easy-easiestearly-earliest,heavy-heaviest,healthy-healthiest,happy-happiest④在双音节或多于双音节的单词前面加most：careful-mostcareful,beautiful-mostbeautiful等。beautiful等。三形容词和副词的比较级1.比较级的范围:一般为两者或两个部分进行比较。例如：I’mtallerthanyou.GroupOnedidbetterthanGroupTwo.2.比较级的结构：结构上比较级有三个明显的标志。①than：一般用than连接两个比较的部分。例如：TomrunsfasterthanMike.其中Tom和Mike是比较的两部分，用than连接他们进行比较。在than的句式中有一个需要同学们特别注意：I’mtallerthananyotherstudentsinmyclass.这句话中用than连接的是I和anyotherstudentsinmyclass两个部分，其实表示的是最高级的概念，译为我比我们班其他同学都要高，其中anyother„„是固定搭配，译为任何其他的。②alittle,much,alot,even,still：可用来专门修饰比较级。例如：Lisawassickyesterday,whiletodaysheismuchbetter.③as+形容词或副词原形+as„„：译为像„„一样。例如：MaryisascleverasSusan.Mary像Susan一样聪明。另外，两个比较级连用表示“越来越”的意思。例如：DaysgetlongerandlongerinSpring.白天在春天越来越长了四形容词和副词的最高级1.最高级的范围:最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在众多人161
或事物中，其中一个"最……"。例如：Myruleristhelongestofall.我的尺是最长的。3．最高级的结构：结构上比较级有两个明显的标志。①the：一般用the限定最高级的范围，也可以说，现阶段the就是最高级的主要标志。但是，当形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，最高级前不加the。例如：Heisourbestteacher.他是我们最好的老师。②最高级后面往往用of或in介词短语来表示形容词的最高级的比较范围。of短语指的范围通常是一群人或一些事物，而不是一个场所；如果指一个场所，则用介词in。例如：Heisthestrongestofthethree.他是三个人中身体最强壮的。Heisthestrongestinourclass.他是我们班里身体最强壮的。形容词副词练习一．基础练习1.IfIhad＿＿＿,IwouldvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenough2.Theseorangestaste＿＿＿.A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell3.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard＿＿＿.A.thebettervoiceB.agoodvoiceC.thebestvoiceD.abettervoice4.Iwouldbe＿＿＿,ifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply.A.pleasantB.gratefulC.satisfiedD.helpful5.ThoseT-shirtsareusually＄35each,buttodaytheyhavea(an)＿＿＿priceof＄19intheshoppingcenter.A.regularB.specialC.cheapD.ordinary6.MrSmithboughta＿＿＿pursefor161
hiswife.A.smallblackleatherB.blackleathersmallC.smallleatherblackD.blacksmallleather7.——Howwasyourjobinterview?——Oh,Icouldn’tfeel＿＿＿.Ihardlyfoundproperanswerstomostofthequestionstheyasked.A.betterB.easierC.worseD.happier8.Longjingtea,JasmineteaandWuyiteaareallfamous,butwhichdoyouthink＿＿＿＿＿?A.tastesbestB.smellsmostC.soundsbestD.drinksmostly9.——CanLiHuahelpmewithmyEnglish?——IregrettotellyouherEnglishis＿＿＿＿＿yours.A.asgoodasB.nomorethanC.nobetterthanD.asmuchas10.Althoughhesometimesloseshistemper,hisstudentslikehim＿＿＿＿＿forit.A.notsomuchB.notsolittleC.nomoreD.noless11.Whentheycamein,MrHarris＿＿＿＿＿＿likeababy.Nobodywouldliketowakehimfromagooddream,becauseheneededrest.A.fellasleepB.wassoundasleepC.gotasleepD.wenttosleep12.Thisyeartheyhaveproduced＿＿＿grain＿＿＿theydidlastyear.A.asless；asB.asfew；asC.less；thanD.fewer；than13.——CanIhelpyou?——Well,I’mafraidtheboxis＿＿＿heavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.A.soB.muchC.veryD.too14.——Howdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum?——Ithoroughly161
enjoyit.Itwas＿＿＿＿＿thanIexpected.A.farmoreinterestingB.evenmuchinterestingC.sofarinterestingD.alotmuchinteresting15.——Wouldyoulikesomewine?——Yes,just＿＿＿＿＿.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.littlebit16.Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain；it’s＿＿＿＿byroad.A.quickB.thequickestC.muchquickD.quicker17.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave＿＿＿atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime18.I’msurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an)＿＿＿＿＿trick.A.ordinaryB.easyC.smartD.simple19.Thesalesmanshowedherseveralbagsandshechose＿＿＿oneasshedidn’twanttospendtoomuchmoneyonit.A.thelessexpensiveB.lessexpensiveC.theleastexpensiveD.leastexpensive20.＿＿＿＿＿boxcannotbeliftedbyaboyoffive.A.SoaheavyB.SoheavyaC.AsuchheavyD.Suchheavya参考答案一.1.A2.A3.D4.B5.B6.A7.C8.A9.C10.D11.B12.C13.D14.A15.C。用alittle表示“少许”。16.D。题意为“乘火车去那儿要花很长时间；乘汽车更快些。”17.D。题意为“假如没有考试的话，我们在学校就会更快乐。”暗含比较的意味，故选D。161
18.D。题意为“你竟然被这么一个简单的花招所骗，真令我吃惊。”trick“计谋，花招，诡计”。19.C。题意为“因为她不想花太多的钱买袋子，故挑了一个最便宜的。”20.B。表示“如此重的箱子”可以用“soheavyabox”或“suchaheavybox”第十六章陈述句1、概念：说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法的句子，句末用句号。2、分类：陈述句根据其语法结构，可大体分为“主语+谓语”和“主语+连系动词+表语”两种；而从语气的角度分，又可分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。（1）主语+谓语结构①肯定陈述句Ilikethatbook.我喜欢那本书。（陈述一个事实）Ireallyagree.我确实同意。（陈述一个观点）②否定陈述句IdidnotbuytheTV.我没有买那个电视。（陈述一个事实）（2）主语+连系动词+表语结构①肯定陈述句Thefilmisboring.这部电影没意思。（陈述观点）②否定陈述句Smokingisnotgoodforyourhealth.抽烟对你的健康没有好处。（陈述一个事实）3、陈述句的否定结构陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达：161
（1）句子的谓语动词为be,have或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词+not+其他成分Iamnotateacher.我不是老师。Wehavenot(haven`t)anybooksonanimals.我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。Thechildrenarenot(aren`t)playingintheplayground.孩子们没在操场上玩。Hewillnot(won`t)come.他不会来。Wemustnot(mustn`t)forgetthepast.我们不能忘记过去。Itcouldnot(couldn`t)belost.它不可能丢的。（2）当句子的谓语动词是do(即行为动词)，而且没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+do(does,did)+not+动词原形+其他成分Youdonot(don`t)comehereeveryday.你没有每天都来这里。Hedoesnot(doesn`t)teachthisclass.他不教这个班。Theydidnot(didn`t)watchTVlastnight.昨晚他们没看电视。注意：陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时，用升调，在书面上要用问号来表示。YoureallywanttogotoHongKong?你真的想去香港吗？这句话表示的是一种疑问，只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的第十七章疑问句疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子，句末用问号“？”。常考的疑问句有四类，即：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。第一节一般疑问句一般疑问句通常需要用yes或no161
来回答，所以又叫做―是非疑问句。在读这种句子时要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型：1、―be+主语+表语结构—Areyousleepy?你困了吗？—Yes,Iam.是的，我困了。2、―情态动词+主语言+行为动词（或be）结构—May/CanIusethetelephone?我能用这部电话吗？—Yes,youcan.是的，可以。3、―助动词（do,does,did）+主语+行为动词结构—Doyoulikeswimminginsummer?你喜欢夏天游泳吗？—No,Idon`t.不，我不喜欢。难点提示回答否定性一般疑问句时，要在Yes后面用肯定结构，表示肯定；在No后面用否定结构，表示否定。注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时候，只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。—Ishenotyourelderbrother?他不是你的哥哥吗？—Yes,heis.不，他是（我的哥哥）。No,heisnot.是的，他不是（我的哥哥）。—Isn`tsheveryclever?她难道不是很聪明吗？—Yes,sheis.不，她很聪明。—No,sheisnot.是，她不聪明。第二节特殊疑问句一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句，要求听到问题的人针对特定情况来做具体的回答，不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用Yes或No来回答，特殊疑问句要用降调来读。二、特殊疑问句的结构：161
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句WhodoEnglishhomeworkintheevening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业？Whatdoyoudointheevening?你晚上做什么？Whathomeworkdoyoudointheevening?你晚上做什么家庭作业？WhendoyoudoEnglishhomework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业？三、注意：①问年龄HowoldisLucy?Sheistwelve.②问种类Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies.③问身体状况Howisyouruncle?Heiswell/fine.④问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?L-doubleO-K.Howdowecontactyou?Mye-mailaddressiscindyjones@163.com.⑤问原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?⑥问时间What’sthetime?(=Whattimeisit?)It’saquartertotena.m..Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?Atfiveo’clock.Whendoyouwanttogo?Let’sgoat7:00.⑦问地方用where―哪里Where’smybackpack?It’sunderthetable.⑧问颜色Whatcolorarethey?Theyarelightblue.What’syourfavouritecolor?It’sblack.⑨问人物用who―谁Who’sthat?It’smysister.Whoistheboyinblue?Mybrother.161
Whoisn’tatschool?PeterandEmma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?⑩问东西用what―什么What’sthis/that(inEnglish)?It’sapencilcase.Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers.11问姓名What’syouraunt’sname?HernameisHelen./She’sHelen.What’syourfirstname?Myfirstname’sBen.What’syourfamilyname?Myfamilyname’sSmith.12问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?Ilikeoneinthebox.13问字母Whatletterisit?It’sbigD/smallf.14问价格Howmucharethesepants?They’re15dollars.15问电话号码What’syourphonenumber?It’s576-8349.16问谓语(动作)What’shedoing?He’swatchingTV.17问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?I’mateacher.What’syourfather?He’sadoctor.对所属（谁的）提问用whose―谁的对哪一个提问用which―哪一个对原因提问用why―为什么对方式提问用how―怎么样对数量提问用howmany―多少（用于可数名词复数）或howmuch―多少（用于不可数名词）161
四、难点提示1、以why开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。Whydon`tyouhaveatry?你为什么不试试呢？2、特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式，在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。Idon`twanttogothere.Howaboutyou?我不想去那儿，你呢？Butwhatelse?可是还有什么呢？练习：把下列句子变成否定句：1.Iamlisteningtomusic._______________________________________2.Mikeisastudent.____________________________________________3Sarahcancleantheclassroom.______________________________________4.Theyareinthezoo._____________________________________________5.Therearesomeflowersinthevase._________________________________6.Thisismysister.______________________________________________7.Wearesweepingthefloor._______________________________________8.Weneedsomemasks.___________________________________________9.Theylikemakingthepuppet.______________________________________10.SuHaiandSuYangliveinanewhouse._________________________________________________11.Iputabookonmyhead._________________________________________________12.Theysing―Intheclassroomtogether.161
_______________________________________________13.WeplaybasketballonSundays._________________________________________________14.Tomlikeslisteningtomusic____________________________________________肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法——三步法1.有be动词/情态动词：be动词/情态动词提到句首，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。2.无be动词/情态动词，在句首加Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。3.加Does、did的句子注意，句子动词要变成原型。例如：陈述句:Theyareinthepark.Hecanplaytheguitar..一般疑问句:Aretheyinthepark?Canheplaytheguitar?陈述句:Iliketheducks.Helikesthedogs.一般疑问句：Doyouliketheducks?Doeshelikethedogs?练习：把下列句子变成一般疑问句1.Iamlisteningtomusic.________________________________________2.Mikeisastudent.____________________________________________3.Sarahcancleantheclassroom._____________________________________161
4.Theyareinthezoo.________________________________________5.Therearesomeflowersinthevase._________________________________6.Thisismysister._________________________________________7.Wearesweepingthefloor._______________________________________8.Weneedsomemasks.______________________________________9.Theylikemakingthepuppet._________________________________10.SuHaiandSuYangliveinanewhouse._________________________________________________11.Iputabookonmyhead._________________________________________________12.Theysing―Intheclassroomtogether._______________________________________________13.WeplaybasketballonSundays._________________________________________________14.Tomlikeslisteningtomusic____________________________________________关于特殊疑问词1、根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词,后面写原句变成的一般疑问句，句末问号。2、howmany后必须先写物品，再写一般疑问句等。1、A:_______istheboyinblue?B:He’sMike.2、A:_______penisit?B:It’smine.3、A:_______isthediary?B:It’sunderthechair.161
4、A:________istheChirstmasDay?B:It’sonthe25thofDecember.5、A:_______aretheearphones?B:Theyare25yuan.6、A:_______isthecup?B:It’sblue.7、A:_______isittoday?B:It’sSunday.8、A:_______wasityesterday?B:Itwasthe13thofOctober.9、A:_______thisredone?B:It’sbeautiful.12.A:_______isyourcousin?B:He’s15yearsold.13、A:_______doyouhavedinner?B:At6o’clock综合练习1.Thechildrenhaveagoodtimeinthepark.否定句：___________________________________一般疑问句：___________________________________2.Thereisonlyoneproblem.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑问句：________________________________________肯定/否定回答：____________________________________3.Shehassomebreadforlunchtoday.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑问句：_________________________________肯定/否定回答：____________________________________.句型转换题1.Thegirlissingingintheclassroom.(改为否定句）改为一般疑问句161
2.IcanspeakEnglish.(改为一般疑问句）3.Iamwritingnow.(同上）4.Ihaveadeskandachair.(用He做主语改写句子）5.Sheisbuyingsomefoodinthesupermarket.（改为否定句）6.Doesshelikegrowingflowers?（给予否定回答）第十八章祈使句1.祈使句的定义及句式特征：定义：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。它的特点是通常省略主语you,以动词原形开头，末尾可用句号或感叹号。祈使句没有疑问句的形式，一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。Goandwashyourhands.(表命令)Bequite,please.（Pleasebequiet.）（表请求）Bekindtoyoursister.（表劝告）Watchyoursteps.（表警告）Noparking.(表禁止)2.肯定形式（动词原形开头）1）以系动词be开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构：be+形容词/名词Bequiet/quick!Beagoodstudent!Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.2）以实义动词开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构为：动词原形+宾语（+其他）。Comein,please！161
Pleaseopenyourbooks！Putthemaway!let型（Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）Lethimdoitbyhimself.Letmehelpyou.Let’sgotothepark.3.否定形式（一般在动词上否定，也可以用否定副词（never）来表示）1）be型（Don’tbe+其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语））Don’tbecareless!Neverbelateagainnexttime!注意：①在这种句型中，be不能省略②否定副词not不可置于be之后2）do型（Don’t+动词原形+其他）Don’tbelievehim!Don’tworry!Neverdoitagain!3）Let引起的祈使句有两种否定形式a.Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他Lethernotdothat.Let’snotthinkaboutit.It’sonlyawasteoftime.b.Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他Don’tletJimdothat.Don’tletusgo,please.161
4)在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No＋名词/V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。例如：NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照！Noparking!注意：1).在表达请求或劝告时，有时为了表示委婉的语气，可以在句首或句末please，但是如果please加在句末，应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。Sitdown,please.Pleaselookafterthetwins.2).在意思比较明显的情况下，可以把谓语动词省略。Thisway,please.3).有时为了加强语气，可以在动词前使用do.Dobecareful！一定要小心！4).有时为了强调对方，也可加上主语you，人名或everybody,anybody等不定代词。YousweepthefloorandIcleanthewindow.Standup,everybody.5).有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令，可加称呼语，但称呼语要与句子用逗号隔开。Puttheshirtonthebed,Jim.4.祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分,通常有以下三种形式：1).祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用willyou；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’tyou。例如：Besuretowritetous,willyou?你一定要给我们写信，好吗？Cometohavedinnerwithusthisevening,won’tyou?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？2).祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用willyou。例如：161
Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom,willyou?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？3).Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shallwe外，其它均用willyou。例如：Lettheboygofirst,willyou?让个那男孩先走，好吗？Let’stakeawalkaftersupper,shallwe?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？5.祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致)意思相反(即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思)。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：---Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。----Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。6.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。例如：LeaveitwithmeandIwillseewhatIcando.把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。Hurryup,orwe,llbelate.快点，否则我们要迟到了。7.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：161
Tellhimtomakeaphonecalltomeifhecomesheretomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。8.祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。例如：Doshutup!快住口！9.特殊形式的祈使句在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：Morewaterandtheyoungtreescouldn’thavedied.＝Ifyouhadgiventhemmorewater,theyoungtreescouldn’thavedied.如果你给那些小树多浇点水，他们就不会死了。10.运用祈使句的误区祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。___________yourcompositioncarefully,somespellingmistakescanbeavoided.A.HavingcheckedB.CheckC.IfyoucheckD.Tocheck巩固练习：一、单项选择：1.Please____,they’rehavingameeting.A.notbesonoisyB.bequiteC.mustn’ttalkD.nospeaking2.____tomeetmeatthestation.I’llbewaitingthere.A.NottoforgetB.NotforgetC.ForgetnotD.Don’tforget161
3.It’safineday.Let’sgofishing,____?A.won’tweB.willyouC.don’tweD.shallwe4.Don’tsmokeinthemeeting-room,____?A.doyouB.willyouC.canyouD.couldyou5.–Don’tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.-I____.A.don’tB.won’tC.can’tD.haven’t6.Ifyouaretired,______arest.A.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had7.______mego.Itisveryimportantforme.A.DoletB.LetdoC.DoingletD.Todolet8.Heisnothonest.______believehim.A.NotB.Don’tC.TonotD.Notto9._____upearlytomorrow,oryoucan’tcatchthetrain.A.GettingB.GetC.TogetD.Got10._____inthestreet.It’sdangerous.A.NotplayB.NottoplayC.Don’tplayD.Don’ttoplay11.Please______mesomemoney,willyou?A.lendB.lendingC.borrowD.borrowing12.Thefilmisabouttobegin.Please______seated.A.beB.areC.isD.being13.____downtheradio.Thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn161
14.Lucy,____thedoororsomeonewillcomein.A.closeB.closesC.notcloseD.isclosing15.____andplayfootballinthestreetafterlunch.A.Let’snottogoB.Let’snotgoC.Let’sdon’tgoD.Notlet’sgo16.Asignwiththewords―____isoftenfoundinabus.A.NotparkingB.NotsmokingC.NoparkingD.Nosmoking17.____ChineseinyouEnglishclass.A.NotspeakB.Don’tspeakC.SpeaknotD.Don’tspeaking18._____theboxes.Youmayusethemlater.A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept19.Ifyouwanttostay,letmeknow,______?A.willyouB.shallweC.doyouD.dowe20.Nevercomelateagain,______?A.willyouB.won’tyouC.doyouD.doeshe21.TheTVistooloud.Please________.A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turndownitD.toturndownit22._______lateagain,Bill!A.Don"ttobeB.Don"tbeC.NotbeD.Benot23._______crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturnsgreen.A.NotB.Won"tC.Doesn"tD.Don"t24.Pleasehelpmecarryit,______?A.willIB.willyouC.shallID.shallwe161
25.Don"tmakesomuchnoise,______?A.willyouB.won"tyouC.shallweD.doyou26.Doyouknowthegirl______underthetree?A.standB.tostandC.standingD.stood27.Kate,_______yourhomeworkheretomorrow.A.bringB.bringsC.tobringD.bringing28.________methetruth,orI"llbeangry.A.TellingB.TotellC.ToldD.Tell29.I"vekeptthedog_______Maomaoforalongtime.A.nameB.namedC.namingD.toname30.Don"tyouknowthat_______isgoodforourhealth?A.swimB.swimmingC.swamD.swims二.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.It’sanimportantmeeting.__________(not,be)late.2.____________(not,make)anynoise!Yourmotherissleeping.3.____________(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand____________(be)polite.4.____________(not,talk)and____________(read)aloud.5.____________(not,leave)yourhomeworkfortomorrow,Larry.6.____________(look)out!Acariscoming.7.____________(give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike.8.____________(not,let)thebabycry.161
9.Wearmoreclothesoryou____________(catch)acold.10.Let’s____________(not,say)anythingaboutit.三、句型转换11.Willyoupleasereaditagainmoreslowly?（改为祈使句）__________againmoreslowly,please.12.Ifyoudon"tlistentome,I"llgo.（改为同义句）__________me,orI’llgo.13.Let"swatchthesportsgames.（改为反意疑问句）Let"swatchthesportsgames,__________?14.Theteachersoftentellthestudentsnottobecareless.（改为祈使句）__________careless,please.15.PleasesitnexttoNancy.（改为否定句）__________nexttoNancy.16.Don"tforgettoturnoffthelights,please.（改为反意疑问句）Don"tforgettoturnoffthelights,__________?17.Ifyoumove,you"lldie.（改为同义句）__________,oryou"lldie.18.Cometomyhousetomorrow.（改为反意疑问句）Cometomyhousetomorrow,__________?19.这是一个坏了的被子。（翻译句子）Thisisa____________.20.让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。（翻译句子）161
Let’sgoandhelpthe__________,please.第十九章感叹句感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由what或how引导。“what”和“how”与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。一、由“what”引导的感叹句：“what”意为“多么”用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语.如：①Whataclevergirlsheis!多么聪明的姑娘呀！②Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事呀！③Whatgoodchildrentheyare!他们是多么好的孩子呀！④Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花呀！⑤Whatdeliciousfooditis!多么有味的食物呀！⑥Whatheavysnowitis!多么大的雪呀！二、由“how”引导的感叹句：how意为“多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语.如：①Howcolditistoday!今天多么冷呀！②Hownicethepicturesare!多么漂亮的图画呀！③Howhappytheylook!他们显得多么高兴呀！①Howwellshesings!她唱得多好呀！②Howhardtheyareworkingnow!他们干得多么起劲呀！③一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。161
①1).________difficulthomeworkwehadyesterday!②2).________cutedogitis!③3).________interestingthestoryis!④4).________badtheweatherinEnglandis!⑤5).________honestboyTomis！⑥6).________tastysmellthecakegaveoff!⑦7).________goodtimewehadonthebeachyesterday!⑧8).________excitingnewsyou"vebroughtus!⑨9).________coolyournewcaris!⑩10).________scarythesetigersare!⑪二、选择填空。⑫1._______fasttheboyran!⑬A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan⑭2._______wellyousingbut_______badlyhedances!⑮A.How,howB.What,what⑯C.How,whatD.What,how⑰3.________deliciousthesoupis!I’dlikesomemore.⑱A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan⑲4._______foolstheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.⑳A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan215._______foolishtheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.22A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan161
①6._______difficultquestionstheyare!Ican’tanswerthem.②A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan③7.Imissmyfriendverymuch._______Iwanttoseeher!④A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan⑤8._______lovelyweatherwearehavingthesedays!⑥A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan⑦9._______beautifulyournewdressis!⑧A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan⑨10._______interestingworkitistoteachchildren!⑩A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan⑪三、所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：⑫1.Theboyswamveryfast.（同义句）______________theboyswam!⑬2.Theschooltripisveryexciting.（同义句）___________theschooltripis!⑭3.HeiLongjianglooksverybeautifulinwinter.（同义句）⑮______________HeiLongjianglooksinwinter!⑯4.Itisaveryusefuldictionary.（同义句）⑰_____________________dictionaryitis!⑱_____________________dictionaryis!⑲5.Thestudentsarelisteningverycarefully.⑳________________thestudentsarelistening!三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用“what”引导，也可用“how”引导。如：①Whatahotdayitis!Howhotthedayis!161
多么热的天气呀！②Whattallbuildingstheyare!Howtallthebuildingsare!多么高的楼房呀！③Whatbadweatheritis!Howbadtheweatheris!多么糟糕的天气呀！④Whatbrightsunshineitis!Howbrightthesunshineis!多么明亮的阳光呀！四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。如：①Whatafineday!多么晴朗的天呀！②Whatanhonestboy!多么诚实的孩子呀！③Whatredapples!多么红的苹果呀！④Howcool!好凉快呀！⑤Howwonderful!精彩极了！一、由what引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：1.可用句型：“What+a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：Whatanicepresentitis!它是一件多么好的礼物啊！Whataninterestingbookitis!它是一本多么有趣的书啊！2.可用句型：“What＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花啊！Whatgoodchildrentheyare!他们是多么好的孩子啊！3.可用句型：“What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：161
Whatfineweatheritistoday!今天天气多好啊！Whatimportantnewsitis!多重要的新闻啊！二、由how引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：1.可用句型：“How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：Howcarefulsheis!她多么细心啊！Howfastheruns!他跑得多快啊！2.可用句型：“How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：Howbeautifulagirlsheis!她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！3.可用句型：“How＋主语＋谓语！”。如：Howtimeflies!光阴似箭！由what引导的感叹句与由how引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：Howbeautifulagirlsheis!＝Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!Whatdeliciouscakestheseare!＝Howdeliciousthesecakesare!三、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。如：Goodidea!（好主意！）wonderful!（太精彩了！）Thankgoodness!（谢天谢地！）感叹句巧解：感叹句要看后面，即看形容词后的东东，1)若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数，就用whata/an；是不可数名词或可数名词复数，只用what。2）若形容词后后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s等等乱七八糟的东西，想都不用想，直接用how就OK了。如：例句1：Whatagoodboyheis!他是个多么好的男孩啊！161
/形容词单数名词例句2：Whatgoodboystheyare!他们是多么好的男孩啊！/形容词复数名词例句3：Whatcoldweatheritis!多么冷的天气啊！/形容词不可数名词例句4：Howgoodtheboyis!这男孩多好啊！/形容词乱糟糟★★★若没有形容词，而出现副词或是句子，直接用how.例：Howwellheplaystheguitar!他吉他弹得多好啊！/副词（what不可以修饰副词，看到副词直接用how）Howtimeflies!HowfastLiuXiangruns打油诗一首:感叹句往后看形容词后是名单就用whata或whatan形后若是不可数或名复数161
只用what就可以形容词后乱糟糟只写how就OK了专项练习一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。1).________difficulthomeworkwehadyesterday!2).________cutedogitis!3).________interestingthestoryis!4).________badtheweatherinEnglandis!5).________honestboyTomis！6).________tastysmellthecakegaveoff!7).________goodtimewehadonthebeachyesterday!8).________excitingnewsyou"vebroughtus!9).________coolyournewcaris!10).________scarythesetigersare!二、选择填空。1._______fasttheboyran!A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan2._______wellyousingbut_______badlyhedances!A.How,howB.What,whatC.How,whatD.What,how3.________deliciousthesoupis!I’dlikesomemore.A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan161
4._______foolstheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan5._______foolishtheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan6._______difficultquestionstheyare!Ican’tanswerthem.A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan7.Imissmyfriendverymuch._______Iwanttoseeher!A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan8._______lovelyweatherwearehavingthesedays!A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan9._______beautifulyournewdressis!A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan10._______interestingworkitistoteachchildren!A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan三、所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：1.Theboyswamveryfast.（同义句）______________theboyswam!2.Theschooltripisveryexciting.（同义句）___________theschooltripis!3.HeiLongjianglooksverybeautifulinwinter.（同义句）______________HeiLongjianglooksinwinter!4.Itisaveryusefuldictionary.（同义句）_____________________dictionaryitis!_____________________dictionaryis!161
5.Thestudentsarelisteningverycarefully.________________thestudentsarelistening!第二十章现在进行时现在进行时用法：1,表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。Pleasedon"tmakesomuchnoise.I"mwritingacomposition.不要吵闹。我正在写作文。Let"ssetoff.Itisn’trainingnow.咱们出发吧。现在不下雨了。这类情况常与now现在，atthepresent现在，atthemoment现在，today今天，thisweek这个星期，thisyear今年等时间状语连用。有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用何种时态，如：It"sfouro"clockintheafternoon.Thechildrenareplayingfootballonthesportsground.现在是下午四点。孩子们在操场上踢足球。Hurryup!Weareallwaitingforyou.快点！我们大家都等着你。Look!Theyarereadingoverthereunderthetree.看！他们在那边的树底下看书。Listen!Sheissingingintheroom.听！她在房间里唱歌。WhereisKate?Sheisreadingintheroom.凯特在哪里？她在房间里看书。Whyareyoucrying?Issomethingwrong?为什么哭呢？有什么不对？2,表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。Weareworkinginafactorythesedays.这几天我们在一家工厂工作。Theyarecompilingadictionary.他们在编一本词典。这类情况常与today今天，thisweek这个星期，thisevening今天晚上，thesedays现在、目前等时间状语连用。3,在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。161
TheyareleavingforNewYorktomorrow.明天他们将要动身前往纽约。Isyourbrotherdepartingsoon?你的兄弟很快就要启程吗？这类情况常与come来，go去，leave离开，depart离开，arrive到达，stay逗留，start开始等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态，主语必须是人。4,现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有感情色彩。He"salwaysquarrellingwithothers.他老喜欢跟别人吵架。Sheisconstantlyworryingaboutherson"shealth.她不停地为她儿子的健康担心着。Theboyisforeveraskingquestions.那个男孩老是问问题。这类情况常与always总是，usually通常，continually不断的，constantly经常的，forever永远、老是等副词连用。5,有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。Howareyoufeelingtoday?（Howdoyoufeeltoday?）你今天感觉如何？Iamlooking（look）forwardtoyournextvisit.我盼望你下次再来。Whyareyoulooking（doyoulook）sosad?为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢？6,有的动词用于现在进行时表示―逐渐‖的含义。此种用法除了偶尔和now连用外，一般不和其他时间副词连用的。Ourstudyisbecomingmoreinteresting.我们的学习变得越来越有趣了。Theleavesareturningred.树叶渐渐地变红了。Thewarisending.战争接近尾声了。Waitamoment;Iamfinishingmysupper.等一会儿，我的晚饭就要吃完了。161
适合于此种用法的动词有：bet/grow/become/turn/run/go变成，begin开始，forget忘记，remember记得，die死，finish完成，find发现，rise增强等.7,“be”动词的现在进行时。“be”动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一样的、甚至是伪装的。Heisbeingfoolish.他在装傻。Heisbeinghonest.他表现得特别老实。Sheisbeingrude.她故意表现粗鲁。Ican"tunderstandwhyheisbeingsoselfish.我不明白此时他为何如此自私。适合于此种用法的有：foolish愚蠢的，nice好的，kind好心的，careful细心的，patient耐心的，lazy懒惰的，silly傻的，rude粗鲁的，polite礼貌的，impolite无礼的等表示人的特性、性格的形容词。（―be‖动词用于现在进行时表示人的行为，纯粹表示心理或生理的状态而不带有行动时或主语不是人时，―be‖动词不能用于现在进行时）如：Iamhappy.（表语是纯粹的心理状态，不可用ambeing）我很快乐。He"stired.（表语是纯粹的生理状态，不可用isbeing）他很疲倦。It"shottoday.（主语不是人，不可用isbeing）今天很热。常和现在进行时连用的时间状语用法实例：(1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：Theyareplayingbasketballnow.现在他们正在打篮球。(2)以look,listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：Listen！SheissinginganEnglishsong.听，她正在唱英语歌。(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有thisweek,these161
days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如：Wearemakingmodelplanesthesedays.这些天我们在做飞机模型。(4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：Lookatthepicture.Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。一般结构：肯定句式：主语+be(am,is,are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式：主语+be(am,is,are)+not+现在分词+其它.一般疑问句：Be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它？特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它？对一般疑问句作答，肯定回答：yes,主语+be,否定回答：no,主语+benot对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。Eg：Theyareworkingthesedays.Heisbuyingabike.Theyaren’tworkingthesedays.Heisn’tbuyingabike.Aretheyworkingthesedays?Ishebuyingabike?Whataretheydoingthesedays?Whatishedoing?现在分词的变法有1、一般在动词词尾加上-ingJump——jumpinggo——goingpushing——pushingplay——playing2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing.Take——takeingleave——leavingwrite——writinghave——having161
3、以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing.Cut—cuttingput—puttingstop—stoppingfit—fittingbegin—beginningforget—forgetting4.以ie结尾的词，将ie变为y再加ingLie—lying练习：尽管现在进行时比较简单，但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误，常见的错误有如下几种：自我检测1、Look!He_____theirmotherdothehousework.A.ishelpingB.arehelpC.ishelpD.ishelpping2、_____aretheboysdoing?Theyaresingingintheroom.A.WhoB.HowC.WhatD.Where3、Don’ttalkhere.Mymother_____.A.issleepingB.aresleepingC.sleepingD.sleep4、Danny______.Don’tcallhim.A.iswriteingB.iswritingC.writingD.writes5、–When_____he_____back?–Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.does,comeB.arecomingC.iscomeD.iscoming6、It’steno’clock.Mymother_____(lie)inbed.7、What____he_____(mend)?161
8、We_____(play)gamesnow.9、What____you____(do)thessedays?10、____he___(clean)theclassroom?11、Who____(sing)inthenextroom?12、Thegirl____(like)wearingasweater.Look!She____(wear)aredsweatertoday.答案：1A；2C；3A；4B；5D；6islying；7ismending；8areplaying；9aredoing；10Iscleaning；11issinging；12likesiswearing注意：把动词变成现在分词形式易出错例：1、Theyareswiming.(swim)2、Jennyisplaiing(play)football.答案：1.swimming2.playing丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词例：1、Look,twochildrenflying.(fly)akiteinthepark.2、LiMingisn’tread(notread)abookinbednow.答案：1areflying2isn’treading解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为:“be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例：1、Thestudentsaresingingintheroom.(对划线部分提问)Whatarethestudentsintheroom?161
答案：Whatarethestudentsdoingintheroom?解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What+be+主语+doing+其它?”现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式例：孩子们在跑还是在跳？Arethechildrenrunningorjump?答案：Arethechildrenrunningorjumping?解析:or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。第二十一章一般将来时一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。一.一般将来时的构成：1.由助动词“shall/will＋动词原形”构成，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、第三人称，而美式英语在陈述句中无论什么人称，一律用will。2.一般将来时的否定和疑问形式：一般将来时的否定形式是willnot，缩写为won"t;shallnot，缩写为shan"t。一般将来时的疑问形式是把will/shall提到主语前。如：Hewon’tgototheparkthisSunday.本周日他不去公园。Willyougoswimmingwithme?和我一起去游泳好吗？二.一般将来时的基本用法：1.表示―纯粹的将来：①表示将要发生的动作或情况，常带有表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow,nextweek,intwodays,fromnowon等。如：Itwillbefinetomorrow.明天天气晴朗。②表示预料将要发生的动作或情况。如：161
Youwillfeelbetterafterhavingthismedicine.吃了这药，你就会感觉好些的。③表示由于习惯倾向而会经常发生的动作，本用法中的will要重读。如：Boyswillbeboys.〔谚语〕男孩毕竟是男孩。2.表示带有情态意义的将来，用来表示意图，用will来表示。如：Iwillbemorecarefulnexttime.下次我要更加小心。Iwon"tgoshoppingthisafternoon,butshewill.今天下午我不想去购物，但她想去。will在疑问句中，用来表示有礼貌地征询对方的意见。如：Willyouhavesomemoretea?要不要再喝点茶？Whatshallwedothisweekend?本周末我们要干什么？三.一般将来时的其它几种表示法：1.用begoingto表示：begoingto相当于一个助动词，与其后的动词原形一起构成句子的谓语，表示近期将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：I"mgoingtoseeafilmthisafternoon.今天下午我想去看电影。①begoingto＋动词原形表示主观上打算在将来某个时间要做某事。如：Hermotherisgoingtobuyheranewbike.她妈妈要给她买辆新自行车。②begoingto＋动词原形还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为将要发生的事。如：It"sgoingtorain.快要下雨了。2.用一般现在时表示将来意义句中的动词是一般现在时，但所表示的意义却是一般将来时。如：Areyoufreetomorrow?＝Areyougoingtobefreetomorrow?你明天有空吗？在时间/161
条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句习惯上用一般现在时表示将来的意义。如：Pleasetellhimtogowhenhecomes.他来时，就让他去。begoingto与will的区别begoingto与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：1.begoingto表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.2.begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.Hewillbetwentyyearsold.3.begoingto含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，如：Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多用will,如：Ifanybeastscomeatyou,I"llstaywithyouandhelpyouwill和begoingto的选用原则1.关于“打算”原先作好的打算用“begoingto”。―Kateisinhospital.―凯特在住院―Yes,Iknow.Iamgoingtoseeherthisafternoon。―是的，我知道。我下午要去看她。说话时即时的打算用will。161
―Kateisinhospital.―Oh,really,Ididn’tknow.Iwillgoandseeheratonce.―凯特在住院。―哦，是吗？我都不知道呢。我得马上去看她。2.关于“预料”在有迹象表明的情况下的预料用“begoingto”Lookattheclouds.It’sgoingtorain.你看天上的云。快下雨了。MyGod!Wearegoingtocrash.天哪！我们快撞车了。在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用“will，begoingto”皆可。Ithinktheweatherwillbenice.Ithinktheweatherisgoingtobenice.我想天会晴朗。Doyouthinkthecarwillstart?Doyouthinkthecarisgoingtostart?你想车能发动起来吗？当动词表示内心活动时，表示猜测的句子必须用“will”IthinkshewilllikethecakeImadeforher.我想她会喜欢我为她做的蛋糕。“begoingto”中的be是助动词，它有am,is,are三种形式，没有什么实际意义；to是动词不定式的标志词，标志词后动词用原形。它们三个总是形影不离，在句中共同表达“计划、打算、准备去做……”的意思。如：Iamgoingtosellthisoldcar,andbuyanewone.我打算卖掉这辆旧车，然后买辆新车。用法篇“begoingto”必须与表示将来的时间信息词如thisafternoon,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow以及next系列时间短语等连用。它可表示：1.事先经过考虑、安排近期要做的事情。如：161
Theyaregoingtotheparkthisweekend.他们打算这周末去公园。2.根据目前某种迹象判断某事非常有可能发生。如：Whatbadweather!Itisgoingtosnowtomorrow.多糟的天气！看来明天要下雪。另外1.“begoingto”的肯定式是“主语+begoingto+do(动词原形)+...”。上面的例句中就有肯定句，再仔细看看吧!2.“begoingto”的否定式是在助动词be后加not，即：主语+be+not+goingto+do+...如：Peterisnotgoingtomakeamodelship.彼得不打算做一个轮船模型。3.“begoingto”的疑问式是把助动词be移到句首，即：Be+主语+goingtodo+...？这和be作联系动词时的用法相似。如：Areyougoingtomendhischairsoon?Yes,Iam./No,I"mnot.你打算马上给他修椅子吗？是的，马上修。/不，没这个想法。一般将来时强化巩固习题一、单项选择。()1.Thedayaftertomorrowthey________avolleyballmatch.A.willwatchingB.WatchesC.iswatchingD.isgoingtowatch()2.There________abirthdaypartythisSunday.A.shallbeB.willbeC.shallgoingtobeD.willgoingtobe()3.They________anEnglisheveningnextSunday.A.arehavingB.aregoingtohaveC.willhavingD.isgoingtohave()4.________you________freenextSunday?161
A.Will;areB.Will;beC.Do;beD.Are;be()5.He________thereattentomorrowmorning.A.willB.isC.willbeD.be()6.________yourbrother________amagazinefromthelibrary?A.Are;goingtoborrowB.Is;goingtoborrowC.Will;borrowsD.Are;goingtoborrows()16.Who________we________swimmingwithtomorrowafternoon?A.will;goB.do;goC.will;goingD.shall;go()17.We________theworkthiswaynexttime.A.doB.willdoC.goingtodoD.willdoing()18.Tomorrowhe________akiteintheopenairfirst,andthen________boatinginthepark.A.willfly;willgoB.willfly;goesC.isgoingtofly;willgoesD.flies;willgo()19.Thedayaftertomorrowthey________avolleyballmatch.A.willwatchingB.watchesC.iswatchingD.isgoingtowatch()20.There________abirthdaypartythisSunday.A.shallbeB.willbeC.shallgoingtobeD.willgoingtobe()21.They________anEnglisheveningnextSunday.A.arehavingB.aregoingtohaveC.willhavingD.isgoingtohave()22.________you________freenextSunday?A.Will;areB.Will;beC.Do;beD.Are;be161
()23.He________thereattentomorrowmorning.A.willB.isC.willbeD.be()24.________yourbrother________amagazinefromthelibrary?A.Are;goingtoborrowB.Is;goingtoborrowC.Will;borrowsD.Are;goingtoborrows()25.–ShallIcomeagaintomorrowafternoon?–________（好的）.A.Yes,pleaseB.Yes,youwillC.No,please.D.No,youwon’t.()26.It________theyearofthehorsenextyear.A.isgoingtobeB.isgoingtoC.willbeD.willis()27.________openthewindow?A.WillyoupleaseB.PleasewillyouC.YoupleaseD.Doyou()28.–Let’sgoouttoplayfootball,shallwe?–OK.I________.A.willcomingB.begoingtocomeC.comeD.amcoming()29.It________usalongtimetolearnEnglishwell.A.takesB.willtakeC.spendsD.willspend()30.Thetrain________at11.A.goingtoarriveB.willbearriveC.isgoingtoD.isarriving二、动词填空。1.Iamafraidthere______（be）ameetingthisafternoon.Ican’tjoinyou.2.Mike______（believe,not）thisuntilhe______（see）itwithhisowneyes.161
3.Mostofusdon’tthinktheirteam______（win）.三、句型转换。1.Chinaisamodernandstrongcountry.（intwentyyears）2.Doyoustudyhard?（fromnowon）3.Shedidn’tspeakEnglishatthemeeting.（beforelong）第二十二章一般过去时态1.定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。2.结构：如果动词是Be动词（was/were）,构成主系表的结构。即：主语+系动词（was/were）+表语Shewasateacherlastyear,butnowsheisahousewife.Theywerelateforschoolyesterday.如果动词是实义动词或除be动词以外的其它连系动词，需要将句中的动词变为过去时，结构如下即：主语+谓语动词（过去时）+宾语WelivedinChongqinglastyear.Igotuplate,soImissedthefirstbus.Hefellasleepjustnow.HeleftforShanghaianhourago.3.动词过去式的构成：（1）规则动词的过去式，过去分词的构成：161
规则/类别动词原形过去式过去分词一般情况加-edhelp,look,work,talkhelped,looked,worked,talkedhelped,looked,worked,talked词尾为不发音的字母-e时，直接加-dlike,live,love,moveliked,lived,loved,movedliked,lived,loved,moved词尾为“辅音字母+y”时，变y为i，再加-edtry,study,crytried,studied,criedtried,studied,cried以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母后加-edplan,stop,nod,chatplanned,stopped,nodded,chattedplanned,stopped,nodded,chatted特别提示：1.在清辅音后读／t／如：helpedstopped2.在元音或辅音后读／d／如：stayedagreed3.在辅音／t／，／d／后读／id／如：wantedneeded（2）不规则动词变化表：(原形→过去式→过去分词)161
be(am,is)wasbeenloselostlostbe(are)werebeenmakemademadebeatbeatbeatenmaymightbecomebecamebecomemeanmeantmeantbeginbeganbegunmeetmetmetblowblewblownmistakemistookmistakenbreakbrokebrokenmustmustbringbroughtbroughtpaypaidpaidbuildbuiltbuiltputputputbuyboughtboughtreadreadReadcancould161
rideroderiddencatchcaughtcaughtringrangrungchoosechosechosenriseroserisencomecamecomerunranruncostcostcostsaysaidsaidcutcutcutseesawseendigdugdugsellsoldsolddodiddonesendsentsentdrawdrewdrawnsetsetsetdrinkdrankdrunkshallshoulddrivedrovedrivenshineshoneshone161
eatateeatenshowshowedshownfallfellfallenshutshutshutfeelfeltfeltsingsangsungfindfoundfoundsinksank/sunksunk/sunkenflyflewflownsitsetsetforgetforgotforgot/forgottensleepsleptsleptfreezefrozefrozensmellsmeltsmeltgetgotgotspeakspokespokengivegavegivenspendspentspentgowentgonespillspiltspiltgrowgrewgrown161
spoilspoiltspoilthanghung/hangedhung/hangedstandstoodstoodhave(has)hadhadsweepsweptswepthearheardheardswimswamswumhidehidhiddentaketooktakenhithithitteachtaughttaughtholdheldheldtelltoldtoldhurthurthurtthinkthoughtthoughtkeepkeptkeptthrowthrewthrownknowknewknownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodlaylaidlaidwakewoke/wakedwoken/waked161
learnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learnedwearworewornleaveleftleftwillwouldlendlentlentwinwonwonletletletwritewrotewittenlielaylain4.用法及时间状语：①表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at(eight)(yesterdaymorning),(tenminutes)ago,when引导的时间状语从句。如：Igotupat6：00thismorning.LittleTombrokethewindowathalfpastninethismorning.Whenhewentintotheroom,hesawastrangertalkingwithhisfather.②表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday,last(year等),in(1998等)。如：Hecametoourcityintheyear2000.(他2000年来到我们市)③表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…,in…,from…to…,for(10years),often,usually,sometimes,always,never等。161
如：MrJacksonusuallywenttoeveningschoolswhenhewasyoung.Everydayhewenttotherichmanandborrowedbooksfromhim.④讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：IhappenedtomeetRoseinthestreet.(我正好在街上遇到露西)⑤表示过去将要发生的动作。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将要发生的动作。Wewouldturntohimforhelpwhenwewereintrouble.Hewouldletmeknowwhenhegotinformation.Hepromisedtogivemeadresswhenhecamebacknextweek.选择填空()1.Lee________hismobilephoneathome.A.leaveB.leavesC.leavedD.left()2._____he________agoodrest?No,hedidn’t.A.Do,hadB.Did,haveC.Did,hadD.Was,had()3.Assoonashe________,he______tohisfamily.A.arrived,writesB.arrived,writtenC.arrived,wroteD.arriveds,write()4.Mr.Blackwaslatebecausehe_______hisway.A.lostedB.loseC.losesD.lost()5.When_________Lee________schoolthismorning?A.did,gottoB.did,gettoC.did,getD.did,got()6.Willyoupleasesayitagain?I________quite_______you.A.didn’t,hearB.don’t,heardC.didn’t,heardD.don’t,hear161
()7.______you________atsixo’clockyesterday?A.Do,getupB.Did,getupC.Do,gotupD.Did,gotup()8.Whatdidyousee_________?A.nowB.everydayC.thesedaysD.justnow()9.Hewentintotheroomand_______thedoor.A.lockB.lockingC.locksD.locked()10.—What_____you_______lastweek?—Iboughtabag.A.did,buyB.did,boughtC.do,buyD.do,bought()11.—_____he____hislunch?—Yes,hedid.A.Does,hasB.Does,haveC.Did,haveD.Did,had()12.—Didthethieves_____intothecar?—No,they______.A.fell,didn’tB.fall(落下),didC.jump（跳）,didn’tD.jump,did()13.-WhendidMaycomebackfromHongKong?-She__fromHongKonglastFriday.A.comebackB.comesbackC.returnedbackD.cameback()14.____she_____thisdictionaryinthebookshopnearbylastweek?A.Did,buyB.Does,buyC.Did,boughtD.Does,buys()15.He____tothestationthismorningandwas______forthetrain.A.hurry,intimeB.hurries,ontimeC.hurried,intimeD.hurried,attime()16.Where_____UncleSunyesterday?A.wasB.wereC.didD.does()17.—Haveyouseenhimtoday?—Yes,I____himthismorning.161
A.seeingB.seeC.seesD.saw()18.He______worriedwhenheheardthenews.A.isB.wasC.doesD.did()19.There_____atelephonecallformybrotherStevenyesterday?A.isB.areC.wasD.were()20.LiuFengwei_____threeyuanforthelostlibrarybook.A.paidB.payC.spentD.lost()21.He____inthisschoolin1958.A.taughtB.teachC.teachesD.teaching()22.They_____tiredsotheystopped____arest.A.are,haveB.were,haveC.were,tohaveD.are,having()23.YesterdayI_____inbedalldaybecauseIhadafever.A.layB.lieC.laidD.lied()24.Itwasraininghardwhenhe____home.A.gotB.getC.getsD.wasgetting()25.Shesaidherbrother____inBeijing.He______toJapanonbusinesslastweek.A.wasn’t,wentB.hasn’t,wentC.wasn’t,goD.isn’t,went二、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式形式go______________enjoy______________buy______________eat______________take__________dance____________write___________run______________swim___________find______________begin______________eat______________161
play____________study______________三、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.TomandMary___________(come)toChinalastmonth.2.Mike_________________(notgo)tobeduntil12o"clocklastnight.Sohe______(get)uplate.3.Mary__________(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.4.Tom___________(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.5.Mymother________________(notdo)houseworkyesterday.6.There____________atelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be)7.-When_______you_________(come)tochina?-Lastyear.8._________(be)itcoldinyourcityyesterday?9.Howmanypeople________(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?10.There________(be)afootballmatchonTVyesterdayevening,butI_________(have)notimetowatchit.五、1.D2.B3.B4.D5.B6.A7.B8.D9.D10.A11.C12.C13.D14.A15.C16.A17.D18.B19.C20.A21.A22.C23.A24.A25.A第二十三章情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。情态动词can表示能力，意为“能、会”；表示推测，意为“可能”，161
常用于否定句和疑问句中；表示“请求，允许”，意为“可以”could是can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力；在疑问句中表示委婉请求may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”；表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”might是may的过去式,表推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”must表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该”；表有把握的推测，用语肯定句Need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中dare表示敢于，主要用于否定句和疑问句中should意为“应该”，表示要求和命令表示劝告、建议hadbetter意为“最好”，表示建议usedto意为“过去常常”，表示过去的动作、行为考点情态动词知识清单情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没哟人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。1.can的用法（1）表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。（2）表示可能、能够。如：Icanfinishitinanhour.（3）表示许可，常在口语中。如：Youcanusemydictionary.（4）表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。161
2.could的用法（1）can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。（2）could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时没有过去式的意思。3.may的用法（1）表示请求、许可，比can正式，（2）表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。（3）may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于may。4.must的用法（1）must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。（2）其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要”，“千万别”，“禁止,不许”.（3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t或don’thaveto.（4）must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。Shemusthavefinishedwriting,hasn’tshe?5.need的用法（1）need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为―没有必要，不必。用need提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t。如：----NeedIstayhereanylonger?----Yes,youmust.-----No.youneedn’t.(2)need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，后边多接动词不定式。6.dare的用法161
dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有两种词性：（1）dare作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。（2）dare作为实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化。注意：在口语中，dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。DoyoudaretellherwhatIsaid?7.shall的用法（1）shall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），Shallwegooutforawalk?（2）表示决心、警告、命令（多用于第二、三人称），Nooneshallbringyourbeepersormobilephonesintheexam.8.should的用法（1）should意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.（2）should(would)liketodosth.表示“想要、愿意做某事”，常用于口语中。Wouldyouliketogowithme?你想和我一起去吗？（3）Shouldhavedone表示对过去动作的责备、批评。Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomework.9.will的用法will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。IwillhelpyouifI,mfreethisafternoon.10.hadbetter的用法hadbetter意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to161
的不定式，其否定形式为：hadbetternot。Wehadbettergonow.Youhadbetternotgivethebooktohim.考点二含有情态动词的疑问句1.由can、may、must构成的疑问句（1）句式：Can/May/Must…+主语+动词原形+….？如：Canyourepairthecar?Couldhebeagoodstudent?MayIborrowyourruler?Mustwecleantheroomnow?（2）对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,ofcourse.Yes,certainly.Sure.No,youmustn’t.No,youcan’t.（3）对must引出的疑问句，回答为：Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’thaveto.2.will，would，shall的用法（1）will在一般疑问句中表示客气的“请求、劝说”。would是will的过去式，语气更加客气、委婉。Wouldyoushowmeyourpicturebook?Willyoupleasegivemeacall?（2）对will/wouldyou…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes,Iwill.(No,Iwon’t.)Sure.(I,msorry,Ican’t.)161
Allright.Certainly.(No,thankyou.)Yes,please.（3）shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes,please.Allright.No,thankyou.考点三不同情态动词的否定意义也不同1.（1）can’t可译为“不会”，如：Ican’tplaybasketball.我不会打篮球。（2）当句子表推测时，用can’t表达不可能，Hecan’tbeill.HeisplayingchesswithTom.（3）can’t还可用来回答“MayI…?”这样的问句。MayIcomein?No,youmustn’t./can’t.（4）can’t还可用于固定习语中。Shecan’thelpcrying.2.may的否定式为maynot，译成“可能不”，Hemaynotbeathome.3.（1）mustn’t表示不许，不可。Hemustn’tleavehisroom.（2）mustn’t也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。MayIstandhere?No,youmustn’t(can’t).4.（1）needn’t意为“不必”。Youneedn’tmeethimunlessyou,dliketo.（2）needn’t+have+动词的过去分词，表不需要完成但已完成的动作，暗含时间或精力上的浪费。Youneedn’thaveboughtit.5.shouldn,表不应该。Youshouldn’tfeelsounhappyoversuchlittlethings.易混点一161
can和beableto两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用beableto来表示。另外beableto常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。Jimcan’tspeakEnglish.HecouldspeakEnglishat5.We,llbeabletoseehimnextweek.Hehasbeenabletodrive.I‗msureyou‗llbeabletofinishitquickly.Wewereabletoreachthetopofthemountainatnoon.易混点二can和may1.can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换2.can和may表示可能性时的区别：1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can2)在疑问句中表示推测用can，不用might，may，must3)在否定句中用can’t（不可能），不用may，must。Thatcan’tbetrue.易混点三maybe和maybe用法区别常用位置maybemay为情态动词，be为动词原形，句中作谓语maybe副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps位于句首，作状语161
Hemaybewrong,butI,mnotsure.易混点四can’t和mustn’t.can’t根据其基本用法可译为：（1）不会，Ican’tspeakEnglish.（2）不能，Wecan’tdoitnowbecauseit’stoodark.（3）不可能，Themancan’tbeourteacherbecauseheismuchyoungerthanourteacher..mustn’t意为“禁止、不许”，用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。Youmustn’tplayfootballinthestreet.It’stoodangerous.易混点五must和havetomust侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要，还可以在间接引语中表示过去的必要或业务，haveto侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时IknowImuststudyhard.Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemid-night.易混点六need，dare的两种用法need，dare作情态动词是，多用于否定句、疑问句中，后接动词原形。Youneedn’texplainittome.Dareyousaythatagain在肯定句中，它们后边多接动词不定式，此时为实义动词。Tomneedstofetchtheboolforme.161
Marydaredtogoacrossthestreetbyherself.易混点七usedtodo/beusedtodoing/beusedtodo…usedtodo表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去，注意用todo，不用doing形式；而beusedtodoing意为“习惯做…”，be可有各种时态；beusedtodo意为“……被使用去做……”，为被动语态形式。Myfatherusedtoeatingmeat.Sheisusedtoeatingmeat.Hewasn’tusedtoeatinginarestaurant.Knivesareusedtocutthings.【情态动词基本花样】：情态动词在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。从用法上来说，它有这样几个特点：1）各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。2）情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。3）情态动词在句中不受任何人称、词性、数变化的影响。4）情态动词后接的不定式（除ought外）都不带to，即接动词原形。英文中的情态动词主要有：can，could；may，might；must；ought；need；dare，dared，haveto另外，shall，will，should，would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。其中，must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事；haveto却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，haveto自身有时态的变化形式。回答以must引导的问句时，若是否定答复，不可以用mustn’t而需要用needn’t或是don’thaveto，因为mustn’t意思是161
“绝不能、一定不要”，而没有“不必”的意思。表示猜测、推测must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时，后接动词原形；对已经发生的事进行猜测时，后接have+过去分词。否定猜测则用can’t。另外should有时表示责备之意。第二十四章动词总结wanttodosth想要做某事Iwanttobeateacher./Hewantstohavemilkforbreakfast.wantsbtodosth想要某人做某事Mymotherwantsmetocleantheroom.wantsth想要某物Iwantanapple.likedoingsth喜欢做某事Ilikeplayingfootball.liketodosth喜欢做某事Helikestogoshoppingwithhisfriends.likesth喜欢某物Ilikeapples.enjoydoingsth喜爱做某事Mybrotherenjoysplayingfootball.enjoysth喜爱/某物Ienjoyedmywintervacation.havefundoingsth愉快地做某事Ihadgreatfunplayinginthewater.=haveagoodtimedoingsthIhadagoodtimeplayinginthewater.=enjoyoneselfdoingsthIenjoyedmyselfplayinginthewater.letsbdosth让某人做某事Lucyletsmegoshoppingwithher.letsbnotdosth让某人不做某事Mymotherletsmenotplayontheroad.tellsbtodosth告诉某人去做某事Tomtellsmetoworkhard.tellsbnottodosth告诉某人不要去做某事Tomtellsmenottoplayeveryday.tellsbaboutsth告诉某人关于某事Mymathteachertellsusabouttheexam.tellsbsth告诉某人某事Myfriendtoldmethetrafficaccident.161
hopetodosth希望去做某事IhopetogotoBeijingonsummervacation.hope+从句希望……Ihopeyouhaveagoodtrip.It’s+形容词+ofsbtodosth某人做某事真是太……It’skindofyoutohelpme.It’s+形容词+forsbtodosth做某事对某人来说……It’sgoodforyoutohavevegetableseveryday.beinterestedindoingsth对做某事很感兴趣Lucyisinterestedindancing.beinterestedinsth做某事／某物很感兴趣MyparentsareinterestedinBeijingOpera.befriendlytosb对某人很友好Myclassmatesarefriendlytome.befriendlywithsb和某人很友好Myclassmatesarefriendlywitheachother.waitforsb等待某人Jeffoftenwaitsforhissisterafterschool.can’twaittodosth迫不及待去做某事Summeriscoming,Ican’twaittogotoswim.workfor为……而工作Doyouwanttoworkforamagazine?workas从事……职业Myfatherworksasadoctor.workwith和……一起工作Doyouliketoworkwithotheryoungpeople?bebusydoingsth忙于做某事Mymotherisbusydoinghouseworkeveryday.bebusywithsth忙于某事／某物Everystudentisbusywithstudy.teachsbtodosth教某人做某事MyEnglishteacherteachesmetostudyEnglish.teachsbsth教某人某事／某物MyEnglishteacherteachesmestudy.161
thanksfordoingsth感谢你做了某事Thanksforhelpingme.=thankyoufordoingsthThankyouforhelpingme.thanksbfordoing感谢某人做了某事ThankTomforhelpingme.thanksbforsth因某事感谢某人=ThankTomforhishelp.besurprisedtodosth做某事感到惊讶I’msurprisedtohearthenews.besurprisedatsth对某事／某物感到惊讶=I’msurprisedatthenews.besurprised+that从句对……而惊讶I’msurprisedthathepassedtheexam.stopdoingsth停止做某事Theteacheriscoming,pleasestoptalking.stoptodosth停下来做某事I’mtired,soIstoptohavearest.rememberdoingsth记得做过某事Irememberedcleaningtheroom.remembertodosth记住去做某事Remembertoclosethedoorwhenyouleave.forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事IforgottellinghimaboutMary.forgettodosth忘记去做某事Iforgettotellyoutoclosethedoor.wouldliketodosth想要去做某事Iwouldliketohavemilkforbreakfast.wouldlikesbtodosth想要某人做某事Iwouldlikehimtotellmethestory.wouldlikesth想要某物Iwouldlikeanapple.doingsth做某事怎样Whataboutgoingtotheparkthisweekend?Whataboutsth某物／某事怎样Whataboutacupoftea?=Howabout+代词……怎样Whatabouthim?practicedoingsth练习做某事Mysisterpracticesplayingthepianoeveryday.161
practicesth练习某事=Mysisterpracticesthepianoeveryday.practice+代词练习……Practiceitmore.spend+时/钱(in)doingsth花多少时／钱做某事Ispent2yuanbuyingtheclothes.spend+时/钱onsth花多少时／钱在某物上Ispent2yuanontheclothes.asksbtodosth叫某人去做某事Mymotheraskmetobuysomevegetablesafterschool.asksbnottodosth叫某人不要去做某事Theteacherasksthestudentsnottoplayontheroad.asksbaboutsth问某人关于某事／某物Myfatherasksmeabouttheexam.asksbforsth问／找某人要某物Ioftenaskmyparentsformoney.It’stimetodosth该做某事了It’stimetohavedinner.It’stimeforsbtodosth某人该做某事了It’stimeformetohavedinner.It’stimeforsth某事的时间到了It’timefordinner.watchsb/sthdoingsth看见某人／某物正在做某事OldHenryoftenwatchesWangwangplayingtheballs.watchsb/sthdosth看见某人／某物做过某事Iwatchedhimdohishomework.suggestdoingsth建议做某事Isuggestgoingtotheparknotthezoo.suggeststh建议某物／某事Hesuggeststheplan.suggest+从句建议……Isuggestthatweshouldgototheparkthisweekends.findsb/sthdoingsth发现某人／某物正在做某事Ifounditplayingtheball.findsb/sthdosth发现某人／某物做过某事Ifounditplaytheball.helpsbdosth帮助某人做某事Heoftenhelpsmedothehousework.161
helpsbwithsth帮助某人某事Heoftenhelpsmewiththehousework.makesbdosth使／让某人做某事Itmademefeelhappy.decidetodosth决定去做某事Wedecidedtogototheparkthisweekend.decidenottodosth决定不去做某事Wedecidednottogototheparkthisweekend.decidesth决定某物／某事Wedecidedtheplan.decide+从句决定……Wedecidedthatwewillgototheparkthisweekend.discusssthwithsb和某人讨论某事Ioftendisscussmystudywithmyteacher.discusssth讨论某物／某事Weoftendiscussit.minddoingsth介意做某事Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?mindsth介意某事／某物Imindthescore.mind+代词介意……Idon’tmindit.mind+从句介意……Idon’tmindthatyouopenthewindow.agreetodosth同意去做某事Iagreedtogototheparkthisweekend.agreewithsb(aboutsth)同意某人（关于某事）Doyouagreewithme(abouttheplan).agree+从句同意……Hermotheragreesthatshecangoshoppingwithme.buysthfromsb/sw从某人/某处买来某物Iboughtsomeapplesfromtheshop/him.sellsthtosb/sw卖某物给某人/某处Hesoldsomeapplestome.sellsbsth=sellsthtosb卖给某人某物=卖某物给某人showsbsth=showsthtosb给某人看某物=把某物给某人看161
givesbsth=givesthtosb给某人某物=把某物给某人passsbsth=passsthtosb传给某人某物=把某物传给某人buysbsth=buysthforsb买给某人某物=买某物给某人makesbsth=makesthforsb为某人做某物=做某物给某人fightforsth/sb为某事／某物／某人而战WeChinesepeoplefightforpeace.fightwithsth/sb和某物／某人打架Don’tfightwithyoursister.fightagainststh/sb为反对某事／某物／某人而战Wefightagainstthewar.Whynotdosth为什么不做某事Whynotgoshoppingwithme?=Whydon’tyoudosth=Whydon’tyougoshoppingwithme?begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事Heisgoodatplayingthepiano.begoodatsth擅长某事/某物=Heisgoodatpiano.begoodwithsb和某人相处融洽I’mgoodwithmyclassmates.begoodforsb/sth对某人/某物有益Applesaregoodforyourhealth.begoodtosb对某人好Mymotherisalwaysgoodtome.starttodosth开始做某事=startdoingsthstartsth开始某事/屋finishtodosth完成做某事=finishdoingsthfinishsth完成某事/某物bestrictwithsb对某人严格Myteacherisstrictwithus.bestrictinsth对某事/某物严格Myteacherisstrictinteaching.betiredofdoingsth厌倦做某事I’mtiredofplayingfootballeveryday.betiredofsth厌倦某物/某事Somestudentsaretiredofstudy.161
takesthtosb/sw把某物带去某处/给某人Pleasetakethebookstohim/thelibrary.bringsthtosb/sw把某物带来某处/给某人Pleasebringthebookstome.beafraidofdoingsth担心/害怕做某事I’mafraidoflearningthepiano.beafraidofsth担心/害怕某物/某事I’mafraidofthedog.beafraidofsb担心/害怕某人I’mafraidofhim.taketurnstodosth轮流去做某事Wetaketurnstocleantheclassroom.havetodosth不得不／必须做某事Hehastowearauniform.第二十五章主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致1.单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。例如：ThedeskisTom’s.这张桌子是汤姆的。2.Somewaterisinthebottle.一些水在瓶子里。Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2.manya+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如：ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.许多学生到过上海。3.morethanone+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4.表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：Twomonthsisalongholiday.两个月是一个长假。161
Tweneypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英镑并不太重。Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。Fiveminusfourisone.5减4等于1。5.主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每个男人和女人都在工作。6.oneandahalf+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一个半小时足够了。7.动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Toseeistobelieve眼见为实。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。8.a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一两个学生考试不及格。9.主语为某些词组，如oneof,eachof,everyoneof,anyoneof,noneof等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。如：Oneofmyfavoritesportsisbasketball.12.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如：Iseveryoneheretoday.今天大家到齐了吗？Somethingiswrongwithhim.他有毛病。Nobodywasin.没有人在家。13.each,either,neither,another,theother作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：161
EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neitheransweriscorrect两个答案都不正确。14.以—s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,maths,physics等，例如：Nonewsisgoodnews.没有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我们班数学很受欢迎。11.people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，Thepolicearewaitingfortheboy.15.由both„and„连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；Bothhisfatherandhismotherarebothteachers.他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。16“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。TheSmithsarehavingdinner.16.anumberof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；thenumberof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：Anumberoffamouspeoplewereinvitedtoparty.许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.我们学校的学生数超过800人。17.当kindof,pairof,glassof等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。例如：ThispairofshoesisTom’s.这双鞋是汤姆的。Therearetwoglassesofwatheronthetable.桌上有两杯水。18.the+161
形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。例如：Thepoorareveryhappy,butthericharesad.穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。19.以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如：Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.这是给你的书和纸。20or,either„or„，neither„nor„,notonly„butalso„,not„but„,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如：TomorJackiswrong.不是汤姆就是杰克错了。Eitherthisoneorthatoneisok.这一个或那一个都行。21当主语部分含有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。例如：MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。22“lotsof/alotof/plentyof+名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的数；若是不可数名词，用单数；若名词是复数，则用复数23.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。例如：Thewriterandteacheriscoming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老师来了。(161
作家和老师是两个人)24family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。例如：Peoplehereareveryfriendly.这儿的人很友好。Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。25none如果指量，动词用单数。若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，none如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。Noneofthelandhasbecomedesert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。26all/most/half/twothirdsof/therestof+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。Mostofhistimeisspentonstudy.主谓一致专项练习一单项选择：1.Eatingvegetables______goodforourhealth.A.isB.areC.wereD.was2.Morethanoneperson_______madethesuggestion.A.wasB.hasC.wereD.have3.Ithink______ofthematerialsIlistenedtoatthebeginningoftheexam______easy.A.twothirds;isB.secondthree;areC.twothirds;areD.twothird;are4.NeitheryounorLinHua_______totheGreatWallbefore.161
A.hadbeenB.hasgoneC.hasbeenD.havebeen5.Thewriterandteacher______comingnow.A.isB.areC.hasD.have6.Something_____gonewrongwithmyTVset.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are7.Nothingbutgrassandtrees_______thehill.A.coversB.coverC.coveringD.arecovering8.Physics______moreinterestingthanMaths,Ithink.A.areB.isC.wasD.were9.Eachstudentandeachteacher______toseethefilm.A.goB.wishC.areD.wants10.EitherTomorI______toblame.A.tobeB.amC.areD.is11.There______adesk,twobedsandfourchairsintheroom.A.isB.areC.hasD.have12.Lucy,togetherwithhertwobrothers,often_______totheparkonSundays.A.goB.goesC.aregoingD.isgoing13.There______apairofshoesonthefloor.Theshoes______mine.A.are;isB.is;isC.is;areD.are;are14.Noneofthatmoneyonthetable______mine.A.isB.areC.beenD.have15.—Couldyougetmeapiano,Mum?—There______enoughroomforone161
inourhome.A.isB.areC.isn’tD.aren’t16.ThefamilyIamstayingwith_______veryfriendly.A.isB.areC.wasD.were17.Ourteam______theWorldCup!A.haswonB.havewonC.arewonD.iswon18.Ourcountry_______greatchangesinthelast30years.A.experienceB.experiencesC.hasexperiencedD.experiencing19.Thepolice_______havingameetingintheirofficeattenyesterday.A.isB.areC.wasD.were20.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____50,butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were21.Alibrarywith5000books_____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered22.ItoldhimwhatIwassurprised______hisattitudetowardshisstudy.A.isB.wasC.atisD.atwas23.Onthewall______twolargeportraits(肖像).A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.arehung24.Allthatcanbedone________.A.hasbeendoneB.hasdoneC.havedoneD.weredone161
25.Thesingerandthedancer______cometothemeeting.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is26.Ihavefinishedalargepartofthebook;therest______moredifficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.were27.Thewounded(伤员)_______bythehospital.A.hastakeninB.hasbeentakeninC.havetakeninD.havebeentakenin28.Thefollowing_______someotherexamples.A.areB.isC.wasD.were29.Thewholeclass_______theteacherattentively(认真地).A.arelisteningB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningtoD.islistening30.―All_______presentandall_______goingonwell,ourmanagersaid.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are31.Therich________notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have32.Heistheverythiefthatthepolice________.A.isafterB.islookingC.areafterD.arelooking33.Thethirdandlastchapter(章节)_______byProfessorChen.A.arewrittenB.arewritingC.iswrittenD.iswriting34.Onethirdofthestudentsinourschool_______girlstudents.A.isB.areC.wasD.were35.Manyawriterofnewspaperarticles________towritingnovels.161
A.hasturnedB.haveturnedC.beingturnedD.aregoingtoturn36.Noneofyourprojects________.A.workingoutB.workoutC.isworkedoutD.workedout37.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly_______agoodhabit.A.isB.areC.wereD.was38.Idon’tthinkonehundereddollars_______abigsumofmonnytohim.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.isD.are39.Neitherofyoursuggestions________sense.(makesense:有意义；说得通)A.makesB.makeC.ismadeD.aremade40.Yourtrousers_______dirty;youmusthave______washed.A.is;itB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them二用所给词的正确形式填空:1.______(be)everythingOK?2.Nobody_______(know)theanswerstothequestion.3.Tendividedbytwo________(be)five.4.Mostofthedrinkingwater_______(be)fromtheBlackRiver.5.NotonlyshebutalsoI_______(do)morningexerciseseveryday.6.Eitheryouorhe______(have)madeawrongdecision.7.Thefamily_______(be)spendingtheweekendtogether.8.Breadandbutter______(be)herdailybreakfast.9.Thepolice_______(be)tryingtocatchthethief.161
10.Thenumberoftheteachersintheschool______(be)120.参考答案：一1——5ABCCA6——10AABDB11——15ABCAC16——20BACBC21——25ADBAB26——30ADACC31——35ACCBA36——40CACAC二1is2knows3is4is5do6has7are8is9are10is英语总测试1.Thewaterishottodrink.A.toB.twoC.tooD.a2.TheboyareTV.A.watchB.watchingC.seeD.seeing3.Heisplayingcardshisfriends.A.withB.toC.forD.and4.--Let’sgoandaskhim.--.A.ExcusemeB.AllrightC.SorryD.Youarewelcome5.Whereismycat?Ican’tit.A.lookB.putC.findD.see6.What’sthatnearthehouse?It’sanbook.A.niceB.ChineseC.JapaneseD.English7.YaoMingisinnow.A.CBAB.CUBAC.NBAD.WCBA161
8.Abusisslowerthanaplane,itdoesn’tcostsomuch.A.butB.thenC.orD.so9.What______doyoudoinwinter,Jim?A.otherB.elseC.theotherD.others10.—Excuseme.Where,sNo.2MiddleSchool?—______A.Godownthisstreetandturnleft.B.Goonthisstreetandturnright.C.Walkatthisstreetandtakeright.D.Walkonthisstreetandtakeleft.11.—Ican’tdomyhomework.It’stoohardforme.—_____.Wecanhelpyou.A.Don’tworryB.That’sallrightC.That’srightD.It’sfun,Ithink12.LiLeididn’tcometoschooltoday.What______tohim?A.washappenedB.happenedC.ishappenedD.happening13.Thefootballfans（球迷）yelled______theirteam.A.atB.upC.forD.with14.—Didyouhavefuntoday?—______A.Yes,wedo.B.No,wedon’t.C.Yes,wedid.D.No,wedid15.Heis______gohometomorrow.A.getreadytoB.getreadyforC.gettingreadytoD.gettingreadyfor16.TheplaneforBeijingwillleave_____fifteenminutes.A.inB.onC.afterD.at17.There,sgoingto_____asportsmeetingnextweek.A.haveB.beC.isD.get161
18.______isgood______yourhealth.A.Doeyeexercise,forB.Doingexercise,forC.Doeyeexercises,toD.Doingeyeexercises,to19.Sevendays_______aweek.A.makeB.needC.doD.have20.—______doyoueatcabbage?—Onceaweek.A.HowmanyB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Whattime21.Who,stheyoungwomanthesunglasses?A.inB.hasC.wearD.with22.Listen!Canyouhearherinherroom?A.singB.singsC.singingD.issinging23.—doesyouruncledo?—Areporter.A.WhyB.WhatC.WhereD.How24.Wewantthepandasfirst.A.seeB.seesC.toseeD.seeing25.Mallisagoodplacethings.A.buyB.tobuyC.buysD.bought26.Thechildrenhavehomeworktodoeveryday.A.manytooB.toomanyC.muchtooD.toomuch27.—Whatdidyoudoyesterday?—Wehadgreatfuninthepark.A.playsB.playedC.playingD.toplay28.Heanyclasseslastweek.161
A.doesn’thaveB.didn’thaveC.isn’thaveD.wasn’thave29.I,dliketogoshoppingwithyou,I,mtoobusytoday.A.butB.andC.soD.or30.Annaskedustostopandlistentoher.A.talkB.talksC.totalkD.talking31.Theteachersoftentelltheirstudentstheirpeninclass.A.nottoplayB.nottoplaywithC.toplayD.toplaywith32.Wehaveforyouasareporter.A.aworkB.worksC.jobsD.ajob33.thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.TocloseB.ClosingC.ClosedD.Close34.IsitMariaJim.A.from;toB.between;andC.in;andD.next;to35.Mymotherhadalittlethismorning.A.tomatoesB.noodlesC.riceD.potato36.—Whatdoesyourmathsteacher?—Heisofmediumbuild.A.lookforB.lookafterC.lookatD.looklike37.TheSmithsdecidedParisonvacation.A.wenttoB.togotoC.togoD.goto38.Heplaysbasketballeveryday.Andnowheisplayingpianoathome.A.the;theB./;/C.the;/D./;the161
39.Howmuchdidyouspendthisnewbook?A.onB.inC.atD.of40.OldHenrydoesn’thaveasonadaughter.A.butB.withC.andD.or41.Mysisterisabankclerk._____worksinabanknearhere.A.SheB.HeC.ID.You42.Thequestionisveryeasy,______nobodycananswerit.A.orB.andC.butD.so43.Peterispopularintheschool.Whenhehastime,helikes________jokes.A.tellingB.talkingC.sayingD.speaking44.—didyougoonvacation?—IwenttoParis.Itwaswonderful.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhoD.When45.XuQiandoesnotthinksheisgood-looking.Shehopestohaveanew_______.A.lookB.dressC.smallnoseD.body46.—Whatdoesyourfatherlooklike?—He______mediumbuildandhascurlyhair.A.isB.wasC.doesD.has47.Whatsizeofdesertwouldyoulike?Small,medium,____large?A.andB.orC.withD.but48.Ifeel__.It’sraining.TheTVprogramsareboring.AndIhavenoonetotalkto.161
A.greatB.terribleC.prettygoodD.notbad49.—Whatdidyourmotherdoovertheweekend?—She_____home.A.staysatB.stayedatC.isstayingatD.staiedat50.______runinthehallways.It’sdangerous.A.Don’tB.Can’tC.Mustn’tD.Aren’t51.—Whatdidyoudolastweekend?—IwasbusyfromSaturdaymorningtoSundayafternoonand_______SundayeveningIwatchedTV.A.onB.atC.inD.×52.Andersonisthe_______ofthefootballteambecauseheisthebestplayer.A.teacherB.captainC.friendD.classmate53.—CanIhelpyou?—____________.A.I,dlikesomedumplings,pleaseB.No,pleaseC.Ofcoursenot.D.Icandoitmyself54.Ienjoy_______your“What’sCool?”articleintheschoolmagazine.A.seeingB.readingC.watchingD.looking55.Myaunthasa___________.A.five-years-oldboyB.five-yearoldboyC.five-year-oldboyD.fiveyearoldboy56.—IlikewatchingTVverymuch.Howaboutyou?—_________.Iwatchiteverynight.A.Ido,tooB.Idon’t,eitherC.Yes,IamD.No,Idon’t161
57.WangWangwaslostintheparklastmonth.OldHenryisvery______becausehehasnodogandnofamilynow.A.gladB.excitedC.sadD.interested58.—Lookatthesign.Whatdoesitmean?—Itmeans________.A.NOEATINGFOODB.NOSMOKINGC.NOTALKINGD.NOSPITTING59.Lucy,sfavoriteTVshowisTellitlikeitis.She_______itandhopestojoinitoneday.A.can’tstandB.doesn’tmindC.enjoysD.doesn’tlike60.Thegirl______longhairismycousinMaggie.A.hasB.haveC.inD.with61.Weareplanning_______one-daytrip.________tripmustbefun,Ithink.A.a,TheB.an,TheC.the,AD.the,The62.–Whatmakesyousoangry?--Ihearmyneighbour_______atmidnighteveryday.Ican’tsleepwellatall.A.singsB.singingC.tosingD.sing63.Theyare______thelostboyinthewholecity.A.searchingB.searchingforC.searchD.searchfor64.It’simportant________fishtoomuchfood.A.togiveB.givingC.nottogiveD.notgive65.Wemust__________children_______poisonousfood.161
A.keep,outofB.let,awayofC.stop,toeatD.keep,awayfrom66.______doyoupay________thebeautifuldress?A.Howmany,toB.Howmany,forC.Howmuch,toD.Howmuch,for67._____usefulidea!A.WhatanB.WhataC.HowD.Howa68.---Excuseme,lookatthesign.It’sno-parkingarea.---Sorry,Iseeit.A.don’tB.can’tC.didn’tD.won’t69.---Maylives____thesecondfloorandBethlivestwofloors______her.---Yes,buttheyliveindifferent__________.A.on,over,buildingsB.in,above,buildingC.in,over,buildingsD.on,above,buildings70.Thesearen’thiskeys.His_______onthedesk.A.isB.areC.wasD.were71.Who_______Chineselastyear?A.teachesyouB.taughtyourC.teachesyourD.taughtyou72.I,llneverforgetthosedaysthatmydaughter__________1yearago.A.wasinhospitalB.isinhospitalC.wasinthehospitalD.isinthehospital73.Fire_________beverydangeroussowe___________becarefulwithit.A.could,mustB.can,needC.can,mayD.could,may74.Theirgrandmaisalready_____.161
A.80-year-oldB.80-years-oldC.80yearoldD.80yearsold75.–Excuseme.Pleasetellme_______.--Thereisasupermarketoverthere.Youcangetsomethere.A.howIcanfindasupermarketB.wherethesupermarketisC.whereIcanbuysomefruitD.wherecanIbuysomefruit76.Mybrother_______riceornoodles.A.likesB.likeC.doesn’tlikeD.don’tlike77Iwanttobuyabighouse_______asmallgardenA.inB.onC.withD.and78.Mysisterwants_____anEnglishteacher.A.beB.tobeC.toisD.is79.Mysisterworks_______ahospital_______ourschool.A.in;onB.in;atC.in;nearD.in,in80.Doyoulike_____theguitar？A.playB.playsC.playingD.player81.I,mhungry(饿了).Iwouldlike________alargebowlofdumplings.A.haveB.eatC.eatingD.toeat82.Jimisawaiter.Soheisverybusy_____peoplegoout_____.A.what；dinnersB.when；todinnersC.why；todinnersD.where；dinners83.Thepayphoneis_____GreenStreetandit’sacross______thelibrary.A.in,toB.on,fromC.at,throughD.by,of84.—______isTokyo?—It’sinJapan.161
A.WhatB.WhoC.WhichD.Where85.—______yoursisterhaveapenpal?—Yes,she______.A.Does,doesB.Does,hasC.Does,doD.Do,have86.Thankyoufor_________methegoodnewsA．tellB.totellC．tellingD．told87.—______isthenewTV?—＄1000.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.WhatD.How88.—________doyouwanttobeanactor?—It’sveryinteresting.A.WhatB．WhenC．HowD．Why89.Listen！Who_______intheclassroom?A.issingingB.singC.singsD.singing90.Canyou_____itinEnglish?A.speakB.sayC.talkD.tell91.—Wouldyoulikesomedrink?—_______.A.HereyouareB.Yes,justalittleC.PleasegivemesomeD.Yes,Ilike92.________lateforschoolagain.A.NotB．NotbeC．Don’tbeD．Aren’t93.—________noodleswouldyoulike?—I,dlikebeefnoodles,please.A.WhatkindofB．WhatsizeC.HowmanyD．Howmuch94.There______orangejuiceinthebottle.A.aren’tmanyB.aren’tmuchC.isn’tmuchD.isn’tmany95.Gostraightand___________left.Thehospitalisnexttothepostoffice.161
A．turnB．takeC．goD.come96.Idon’tgotoschool________Sundaymorning.A.atB.onC.inD.for97.Thetallboyisgoodat_________football.A．playB．playsC．playedD．playing98.Myfriend________amediumbuildandshe________mediumheight.A．has,hasB．is,isC．has,isD．is,has99.—Howwasyourvacation,Sarah?—________.A.It’sprettygoodB．ItwasprettygoodC．It’shotD．Itwashot100.—Henry,where___yourpenpalcomefrom?—HeisanEnglishman，butheBeijingnow.A.does,livesB.do,liveinC.does,livesinD.is,live161
微信/支付宝扫码支付下载