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  • 2022-06-17 16:02:29 发布

初中一年级英语语法汇总

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[键入文字] 2、代词  项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词  人称主格宾格形容词名词性  第一人称单数Imemyminemyself  复数weusouroursourselves  第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself  复数youyouyouryoursyourselves  第三人称单数sheherherhersherself  hehimhishishimself  itititsitsthisthatitself  复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves  3、动词  A)第三人称单数  当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:  一)一般在词后加s。如:comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains [键入文字]  二)在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如:watches,washes,wishes,finishes  三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries  2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys  四)以o结尾加es。如:does,goes  五)特殊的有:are-is,have-has  B)现在分词  当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:  一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,  hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing  二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,  practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having  三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show–showing, [键入文字]  draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting,run-running,get-getting,  let-letting,begin-beginning  四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于  4、形容词的级  我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:  一)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest,shorter–shortest,  taller–tallest,longer–longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest  二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。如:big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest  三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happierhappiest,sorry-sorriersorriest,  friendly-friendlierfriendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busierbusiest,easy-easiereasiest  四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远) [键入文字]  good/well-betterbestmany/much-moremostbad/ill–worseworst  little-lessleastold-older/elderoldest/eldestfar-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest  5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i,eth跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;  twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth [键入文字]二、句式  1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有: 1.陈述句   肯定陈述句a)Thisisabook.(be动词)  b)Helooksveryyoung.(连系动词)  c)Iwantasweatlikethis.(实义动词)  d)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(情态动词)  e)There’sacomputeronmydesk.(Therebe结构)  否定陈述句a)Thesearen’ttheirbooks.  b)Theydon’tlooknice.  c)Katedoesn’tgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.  d)Katecan’tfindherdoll.  e)Thereisn’tacathere.(=There’snocathere.)  2.祈使句 [键入文字]  肯定祈使句a)Pleasegoandasktheman.  b)Let’slearnEnglish!  c)Comein,please.  否定祈使句a)Don’tbelate.  b)Don’thurry.  3.疑问句  1)一般疑问句a)IsJimastudent?  b)CanIhelpyou?  c)Doesshelikesalad?  d)DotheywatchTV?  e)Isshereading?  肯定回答:a)Yes,heis.  b)Yes,youcan.  c)Yes,shedoes.  d)Yes,theydo. [键入文字]  e)Yes,sheis.  否定回答:a)No,heisn’t.  b)No,youcan’t.  c)No,shedoesn’t.  d)No,theydon’t.  e)No,sheisn’t.  2)选择疑问句Isthetablebigorsmall?回答It’sbig./It’ssmall.  3)特殊疑问句  ①问年龄HowoldisLucy?Sheistwelve.  ②问种类Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies.  ③问身体状况Howisyouruncle?Heiswell/fine.  ④问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?L-doubleO-K.  Howdowecontactyou?Mye-mailaddressiscindyjones@163.com.  ⑤问原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?  ⑥问时间What’sthetime?(=Whattimeisit?)It’saquartertotena.m.. [键入文字]  Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?Atfiveo’clock.  Whendoyouwanttogo?Let’sgoat7:00.  ⑦问地方Where’smybackpack?It’sunderthetable.  ⑧问颜色Whatcolorarethey?Theyarelightblue.  What’syourfavouritecolor?It’sblack.  ⑨问人物Who’sthat?It’smysister.  Whoistheboyinblue?Mybrother.  Whoisn’tatschool?PeterandEmma.  WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?  ⑩问东西What’sthis/that(inEnglish)?It’sapencilcase.  Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers.  11问姓名What’syouraunt’sname?HernameisHelen./She’sHelen.  What’syourfirstname?Myfirstname’sBen.  What’syourfamilyname?Myfamilyname’sSmith.  12问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?Ilikeoneinthebox. [键入文字]  13问字母Whatletterisit?It’sbigD/smallf.  14问价格Howmucharethesepants?They’re15dollars.  15问电话号码What’syourphonenumber?It’s576-8349.  16问谓语(动作)What’shedoing?He’swatchingTV.  17问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?I’mateacher.  What’syourfather?He’sadoctor.三、时态    Be动词:She’saworker.Issheaworker?Sheisn’taworker.  情态动词:Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?Ican’tplaythepiano.  行为动词:Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes?  Theydon’twanttoeatanytomatoes.  Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?Ginadoesn’thaveawatch. [键入文字]  2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sbbev-ingsth+其它.  I’mplayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?I’mnotplayingbaseball.  Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?Nancyisn’twritingaletter.  They’relisteningtothepopmusic.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?  Theyaren’tlisteningtothepopmusic.