初中一年级英语语法汇总 10页

[键入文字]　2、代词　　项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词　　人称主格宾格形容词名词性　　第一人称单数Imemyminemyself　　复数weusouroursourselves　　第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself　　复数youyouyouryoursyourselves　　第三人称单数sheherherhersherself　　hehimhishishimself　　itititsitsthisthatitself　　复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves　　3、动词　　A）第三人称单数　　当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：　　一）一般在词后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains [键入文字]　　二）在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes　　三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries　　2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys　　四）以o结尾加es。如：does,goes　　五）特殊的有：are-is,have-has　　B）现在分词　　当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：　　一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,　　hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing　　二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,　　practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having　　三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show–showing, [键入文字]　　draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,　　let-letting,begin-beginning　　四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于　　4、形容词的级　　我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：　　一）一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,shorter–shortest,　　taller–tallest,longer–longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest　　二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。如：big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest　　三）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happierhappiest,sorry-sorriersorriest,　　friendly-friendlierfriendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busierbusiest,easy-easiereasiest　　四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远) [键入文字]　　good/well-betterbestmany/much-moremostbad/ill–worseworst　　little-lessleastold-older/elderoldest/eldestfar-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest　　5、数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i,eth跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;　　twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth [键入文字]二、句式　　1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有： 1.陈述句 　　肯定陈述句a)Thisisabook.(be动词)　　b)Helooksveryyoung.(连系动词)　　c)Iwantasweatlikethis.(实义动词)　　d)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(情态动词)　　e)There’sacomputeronmydesk.(Therebe结构)　　否定陈述句a)Thesearen’ttheirbooks.　　b)Theydon’tlooknice.　　c)Katedoesn’tgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.　　d)Katecan’tfindherdoll.　　e)Thereisn’tacathere.(=There’snocathere.)　　2.祈使句 [键入文字]　　肯定祈使句a)Pleasegoandasktheman.　　b)Let’slearnEnglish!　　c)Comein,please.　　否定祈使句a)Don’tbelate.　　b)Don’thurry.　　3.疑问句　　1)一般疑问句a)IsJimastudent?　　b)CanIhelpyou?　　c)Doesshelikesalad?　　d)DotheywatchTV?　　e)Isshereading?　　肯定回答:a)Yes,heis.　　b)Yes,youcan.　　c)Yes,shedoes.　　d)Yes,theydo. [键入文字]　　e)Yes,sheis.　　否定回答:a)No,heisn’t.　　b)No,youcan’t.　　c)No,shedoesn’t.　　d)No,theydon’t.　　e)No,sheisn’t.　　2)选择疑问句Isthetablebigorsmall?回答It’sbig./It’ssmall.　　3)特殊疑问句　　①问年龄HowoldisLucy?Sheistwelve.　　②问种类Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies.　　③问身体状况Howisyouruncle?Heiswell/fine.　　④问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?L-doubleO-K.　　Howdowecontactyou?Mye-mailaddressiscindyjones@163.com.　　⑤问原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?　　⑥问时间What’sthetime?(=Whattimeisit?)It’saquartertotena.m.. [键入文字]　　Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?Atfiveo’clock.　　Whendoyouwanttogo?Let’sgoat7:00.　　⑦问地方Where’smybackpack?It’sunderthetable.　　⑧问颜色Whatcolorarethey?Theyarelightblue.　　What’syourfavouritecolor?It’sblack.　　⑨问人物Who’sthat?It’smysister.　　Whoistheboyinblue?Mybrother.　　Whoisn’tatschool?PeterandEmma.　　WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?　　⑩问东西What’sthis/that(inEnglish)?It’sapencilcase.　　Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers.　　11问姓名What’syouraunt’sname?HernameisHelen./She’sHelen.　　What’syourfirstname?Myfirstname’sBen.　　What’syourfamilyname?Myfamilyname’sSmith.　　12问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?Ilikeoneinthebox. [键入文字]　　13问字母Whatletterisit?It’sbigD/smallf.　　14问价格Howmucharethesepants?They’re15dollars.　　15问电话号码What’syourphonenumber?It’s576-8349.　　16问谓语(动作)What’shedoing?He’swatchingTV.　　17问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?I’mateacher.　　What’syourfather?He’sadoctor.三、时态  　　Be动词：She’saworker.Issheaworker?Sheisn’taworker.　　情态动词：Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?Ican’tplaythepiano.　　行为动词：Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes?　　Theydon’twanttoeatanytomatoes.　　Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?Ginadoesn’thaveawatch. [键入文字]　　2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sbbev-ingsth+其它.　　I’mplayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?I’mnotplayingbaseball.　　Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?Nancyisn’twritingaletter.　　They’relisteningtothepopmusic.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?　　Theyaren’tlisteningtothepopmusic.