初中英语语法专项复习-被动语态复习 27页

被动语态初三英语期末复习ThePassiveVoice 被动语态de奥秘.主动语态与被动语态：英语的动词有两种语态，即主动语态(TheActiveVoice)与被动语态（ThePassiveVoice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。e.g.1.TheymaketrainsinZhuzhou.(答案）TrainsaremadeinZhuzhou.（答案）2.Thefarmersgrowcottoneveryyear.（）Cottonisgrownbythefarmerseveryyear.（案）主动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态 Discussion1.何时使用被动语态1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要Paperismadefromwood.Hewaswoundedinthefight.2.需要强调动作的承受者时Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn"tbetakenaway.Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest. 3为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.Electricityisusedtorunmachines. be+done被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化考点一: [1].NowEnglish____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspoken一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done 被动语态（ThePassiveVoice)一般现在时被动语态的构成：主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词动词过去分词的构成规则（与动词过去式构成规则一样）：1、一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，lookedplayed2、结尾是e的动词加-d，livedused3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed，plannedtripped4、结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”，再加-ed，study---studied，carry---carried 不规则的过去分词要牢记写出下列动词的过去式，过去分词：sing----sang----sungbuild----built----built1、speak（）2、use（）3、make（）4、write（）5、grow()6、plant（）7、produce（）8、ask（）9、plan（）10、send（）11、build（）12、invite（） 1、speakspokespoken2、useusedused3、makemademade4、writewrotewritten5、growgrewgrown6、plantplantedplanted7、produceproducedproduced8、askaskedasked9、planplannedplanned10、sendsentsent11、buildbuiltbuilt12、inviteinvitedinvited不规则动词的过去分词要牢记请写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词：sing----sang----sungbuild----built----built [2].Thelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.waslookedfor一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done [3].Moreman-madesatellites____inthefuture.A.willsendupB.willbesentupC.aresentup一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+donebegoingto+be+done [4].Threebridges____sincelastyear.A.havebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebeenbuilt现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+done [5].Flowers____everyday.A.hasbeenwateredB.shouldbewateredC.shouldwater含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+done 被动语态时态be+p.p一般现在时am/is/are+p.p一般过去时一般将来时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时含情态动词Discussion2:Thestructureofthepassivevoicebe动词的各种时态+p.pwas/were+p.pwillbe+p.phave/hasbeen+p.phadbeen+p.pis/am/arebeing+p.pwas/werebeing+p.pmust/can/should..+be+p.p Discussion3:主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部分要变？怎么变？1.把原句的宾语改为主语。2.把原句的谓语动词改为被动语态结构(be+p.p.)。3.把原句的主语改为by的宾语（用宾格）,可省略。e.g.Shecleanedtheroom.Theroomwascleaned(byher). 1.Theyplaybasketballintheirschool.(改为被动语态)Basketball_____________intheirschoolbythem.isplayed2.Thenaughtyboybrokethewindow.Thewindow_____________bythenaughtyboy.3.PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.English_____________bypeopleallovertheworld.Maryistakingcareofthechildren.Thechildren_____________________byMary.Exercise：wasbrokenisspokenarebeingtakencareof 考点二:被动语态中的特殊情况: [6].①Goodmedicine___bittertothemouth.A.tastesB.istastedC.taste②Thispen___well.A.issoldB.sellC.sells感官动词,和sell,write等动词用主动语态表被动. [7].Manypeople___duringtheearthquakeinMay,2008.A.werediedB.deadC.diedhappen,last,die,fit,cost,weigh,等动词不使用被动. [8].Theman____cleanthetoiletbecausehe___rubbishboutwhenthepolicewalkedpastthepark.A.wasmade;wasseentothrowB.wasmadeto;wasseenthrowingC.made;saw see/hearsb.dosthbeseen/heardtodosthsee/hearsb.doingsth.beseen/hearddoingsth.makesb.dosth.bemadetodosth.主动:被动:主动:被动:主动:被动: [9].Childrenshould___.A.takegoodcareofB.betakengoodcareC.betakengoodcareof固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词 [10].Yourdesk___.A.needsrepairB.needsrepairingC.needstorepairneed可以用-ing形式表示被动needtobedone=needdoing Practisemakesperfect熟能生巧 巩固训练：1.Thekey__forlockingtheclassroomdoor.A.usesB.isusedC.isusingD.use2.Anewschool__overthereintwoyears.A.maybuiltB.maybebuiltC.isbuilt3.Hewasmade__yesterday.A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.tobecried4.ThePRC__onOctober1,1949.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.wasfoundedD.isfounded5.AtalkonChinesehistory__intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgiveBBBCC 1.Theyplaybasketballintheirschool.(改为同意句)Basketball___________intheirschoolbythem.2.What’shername?Canyoutellme?(合为一句)Canyoutellme_________________?3.Isawherrunintotheoldhousejustnow.(改同意句)She___________runintotheoldhousejustnow.4.Weshouldlistentotheteachercarefully.(改同意句)Theteachershould__________carefully____us.5.Don’tplayfootballontheroad.(改为同意句)Football_______________ontheroad.isplayedwhathernameiswasseentobelistenedmust’tbeplayedby 只有及物动词才能有被动语态。连系动词不能用于被动语态。（seem,look,become,get,grow,turn,remain,stay）表示度量的动词不能用于被动语态。（weigh）某些短语动词用作不及物动词也不能用于被动语态。(takeplace,setout,cometrue,breakout,comedown,belongto)表示某些状态的及物动词如fit,cost也不能用于被动语态某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。Thewoman‘sclothessellwell.女装卖的快。7.注意need可用主动表被动.needdoing=needtobedonewritewell