小学英语语法讲解及习题 8页

小学英语语法讲解及习题——时态篇:(一)一般现在时基本用法介绍与练习一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。【注意】当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I"mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+don"t(doesn"t)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idon"tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn"t构成否定句。如：Hedoesn"toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn"t.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?3.动词+s的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink________go________stay________make________look________have________pass________carry________come________watch________plant________fly________study________brush________do________teach________二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_______(like)cooking.12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell. 15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.－Whatday_______(be)ittoday?－It’sSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)___________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)___________________________________________________4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)___________________________________________________5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)___________________________________________________8.JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)___________________________________________________9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)___________________________________________________10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?___________________________________________________2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?___________________________________________________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.___________________________________________________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.___________________________________________________5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays.___________________________________________________(二)现在进行时基本用法介绍与练习1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+be+主语+动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+be+动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加ing如：cook-cooking2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing如：make-making,taste-tasting3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing如：run-running,stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play________run________swim________make________go________like________write________ski________read________have________sing________dance________put________see________buy________love________live________take________stop________sit________begin________shop________come________get________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What________you________(do)now?5.Look.They________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They________(notwater)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She________(listen)tomusic.9.It’s5o’clocknow.We________(have)suppernow.10.-________Helen________(wash)clothes?-Yes,sheis.三、句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________(三)一般将来时基本用法介绍与练习一、概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构①begoingto+do②will+do三、否定句在be动词（am,is,are）后加not或情态动词will后加not或直接用won’t。如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon. Iwillgotohaveapicnictomorrow.→Iwillnot/won"tgotohaveapicnictomorrow.四、一般疑问句be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况下，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon?2.问干什么。What如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon?3.问什么时候。When如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同义句begoingto=will如：Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.练习：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I_______haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What___________________________________nextMonday?I_____________________playbasketball.What_______youdonextMonday?I_______playbasketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_______yourmother______________goshoppingthis_______?Yes,she_______.She_____________________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_______you______________meet?改句子。5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）Nancy_______goingtogocamping.6.I’llgoandjointhem.（改否定）I_______go_______jointhem.7.I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_____________________togetupat6:30tomorrow?8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）______________meetatthebusstopat10:30.9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（对划线部分提问）______________she_____________________afterschool?10.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(对划线部分提问)______________goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。11.Todayisasunnyday.We_______(have)apicnicthisafternoon. 12.Mybrother_______(go)toShanghainextweek.13.Tomoften_______(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______(go)toschoolbybike.14.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually_______(watch)TVand_______(catch)insects?15.It’sFridaytoday.What_______she_______(do)thisweekend?She_______(watch)TVand_______(catch)insects.16.What_______(do)youdolastSunday?I_______(pick)applesonafarm.What_______(do)nextSunday?I_______(milk)cows.17.Mary_______(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.18.LiuTao_______(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.19.David_______(give)apuppetshownextMonday.20.I_______(plan)formystudynow(四)一般过去时基本用法介绍与练习一般过去时1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was（wasnot=wasn’t）⑵are在一般过去时中变为were（werenot=weren’t）⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn’t+动词原形，如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5．不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式isam_______fly_______plant_______are_______drink_______play_______go_______make_______does_______dance_______worry________ask_______taste_______eat_______draw________put_______throw_______kick_______pass_______do_______Be动词的过去时练习（1）一、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I_______atschooljustnow. 2.He________atthecamplastweek.3.We________studentstwoyearsago.4.They________onthefarmamomentago.5.YangLing________elevenyearsoldlastyear.6.There________anappleontheplateyesterday.7.There________somemilkinthefridgeonSunday.8.Themobilephone_______onthesofayesterdayevening.二、句型转换1.Itwasexciting.否定句：______________________________________________一般疑问句：___________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________2.Allthestudentswereveryexcited.否定句：______________________________________________一般疑问句：___________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________3.Theywereinhispocket.否定句：______________________________________________一般疑问句：___________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________Be动词的过去时练习（2）一、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I_______anEnglishteachernow.2.She_______happyyesterday.3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy_______goodfriends.5.Thelittledog_______twoyearsoldthisyear.6.Look,there_______lotsofgrapeshere.7.There_______asignonthechaironMonday..8.Today_______thesecondofJune.Yesterday_______thefirstofJune.It_______Children’sDay.Allthestudents_______veryexcited.二、句型转换1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句：______________________________________________一般疑问句：___________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________三、中译英1．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。____________________________________________________2．他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。____________________________________________________3．一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。____________________________________________________行为动词的过去时练习（1）一、用动词的适当形式填空1.He________(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat_______(eat)abirdlastnight. 3.We_______(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy________(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I________(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.They_______(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7.Mymother_______(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8.Thegirls_______(sing)and_______(dance)attheparty.二、句型转换1.SuHaitooksomephotosattheSportsday.否定句：_______________________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________2.Nancywenttoschoolearly.否定句：________________________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________3.WesangsomeEnglishsongs.否定句：________________________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________行为动词的过去时练习（2）一、用动词的适当形式填空1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.We________tozooyesterday,we_______tothepark.(go)4._______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5._______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he_______.6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I______(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother_______.8.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She_______(find)abeautifulbutterfly.二、句型转换1.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否定句：______________________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________三、中译英1.格林先生去年住在中国。_____________________________________________________2.昨天我们参观了农场。_____________________________________________________3.他刚才在找他的手机。_____________________________________________________过去时综合练习（1）一、用动词的适当形式填空1.It_______(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.2.Weall_______(have)agoodtimelastnight.3.He________(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4.Helen________(milk)acowonFriday. 5.Shelikes_______newspapers,butshe_______abookyesterday.(read)6.He_______footballnow,butthey_______basketballjustnow.(play)7.Jim’smother________(plant)treesjustnow.8._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_______.9.I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.10.We________(go)toschoolonSunday.二、中译英1.我们上周五看了一部电影。_________________________________________________________2.他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。_________________________________________________________