中考英语语法专项：定语从句复习课件(PPT39张) 39页

专题十四定语从句第一部分中考英语语法专题 在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)和关系副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。 Ilikemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.先行词关系代词定语从句Ilikethesingerwhoisbeautiful.Ilikethemoviethatisfunny.找一找IstillrememberthefirsttimewhenImether. Ihaveanapple.Anappleisred.Ihaveanapplethatisred.修饰先行词anapple Ihavesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.Ihavesomefriendswholikesports.修饰先行词friends Ilikethemovie.Themovieisexciting.Ilikethemoviethatisexciting.that修饰先行词movie Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Thewomanlivesnextdoor.who修饰先行词woman 关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别Ihaveasister.SheworksinShanghai.代替sister普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)Ihaveasisterwho/thatworksinShanghai.关系代词：（如上例who/that）1.代替先行词;2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来） Thebuildingisourschool.Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.先行词关系词定语从句which/that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。 关系词判断步骤:1.要看先行词；2.要确定关系词在从句中的成分。关系词先行词关系词在从句中作的成分能否省略who/that人主语不能who/whom/that人宾语能whose/ofwhich人定语不能which/that物主语不能which/that物宾语能whose/ofwhich物定语不能when/介词+which时间时间状语不能where/介词+which地点地点状语不能why/forwhich原因原因状语不能 定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。Thewomanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时)(从句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间) TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.Theboywho/thatissmilingisTom.(主语)Theboywho/thathasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.Theboywho/thatsitsinfrontofmeisTom. Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who/whom/that)everyonelikesiskind.Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(who/whom/that)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(who/whom/that)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk. 关系代词1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li. 关系代词3.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen. appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig. Canyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.CanyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?Canyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow? 4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks? 1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Theroom(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom(which)Iliveinisverybig.TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)TheroomwhereIliveisverybig. 定语从句只能用that,不用which的情况：当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone等不定代词或被它们修饰时。That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveread. ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost? 5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee. 关系代词只用who,不用that的情况：1.先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2.在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim. ————关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。1.where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.Thehotelwasn’tclean.Westayedatthehotel.Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotel(which)westayedatwasn’tclean. 2.when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。I’llneverforgettheday.IjoinedthePartyonthatday.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.3.why:在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。Wewantstoknowthereason.Hewaslateforschool.Wewantstoknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.Wewantstoknowthereasonforwhichhewaslateforschool. Exercise1:用关系代词填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that 5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that. 1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD./3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.asACA定语从句练习 4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom5.Isthisfactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theone　　B.thatC.whichD./6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.itBAB定语从句练习 7.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all8._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.Thestudentswho9.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.thisCCA定语从句练习 10.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.whoB.whomC.whichD./11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are12.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.A.whomB.whoC./D.heDCB定语从句练习 13.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoor14.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who15.Thefarm_____westayedlastweekisalovelyplaceforaholiday.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.atthatDDB定语从句练习 16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.A.whatB.whichC.asD./17.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthatB.whenC.whereD.there18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.whichDCA定语从句练习 19.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which20.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?A.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthatBB定语从句练习 21.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhich22.October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhich23.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.whatBBA定语从句练习 24.Isthismuseum_____theyvisitedlastmonth?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone25.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whereDD定语从句练习 26.Haveyouseenthegirl_____?A.thatItoldB.ItoldyouofC.whomItoldD.Itoldof27.Thedaysaregone_____weuse“foreignmatches”.A.duringwhenB.duringthatC.onwhichD.duringwhich28.Finallythethiefhandedineverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whateverDBB定语从句练习 29.Thelecturespokeofsomewritersandnovels_____wereknowntousall.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what30.Icanstillrememberthesittingroom_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.that　D.where31.Itwasraininghard,_____keptusindoors.A.whichB.thatC.asD.whatBDA定语从句练习 32.Theonlyquestion_____istofindourwayhome.A.thatmatteredB.thatmattersC.whichmatteredD.matter33.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom34.Thefarmersusedwoodtobuildahouse_____graincanbestored.A.withwhichB.whereC.inthatD.whichBDB定语从句练习