人教版九年级英语语法教学——虚拟语气 48页

虚拟语气SubjunctiveMoodGRAMMAR语法 陈述语气Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.祈使语气Let’sgo.Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一.语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。 虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon. (TheSubjunctiveMood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设,愿望,怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等. 由‘if’引导的虚拟条件句叫作‘if’虚拟条件句IcouldeasilyrecognizeifIhadseenhimbefore.其他虚拟条件句Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavefinishedmyworkontime. 三.ifSentenceStructure‘if’虚拟条件句的结构a.表示与现在事实相反的假设b.表示与过去事实相反的假设c.表示与将来事实相反的假设 虚拟语气在‘if’条件句中的用法，主要看谓语动词的变化。1）表示与现在事实相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形例如：IfIwereyou,Ishouldaccepttheinvitation.如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.如果我有空，我就去那儿。 Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould… IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar. IfIhadalotofmoneyIwouldbuyavilla. a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks. c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask 2）与过去事实相反条件从句主句过去完成时would/should/could/might＋havedone例如：Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldn´thavemissedthebus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。 Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehad IfI________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeen a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks. c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone 3）与将来事实可能相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用were）shoulddo,weretodowould/should/could/might＋动词原形例如：Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.假如他看见我,就会认识我。 Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime. 假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme. a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanks c.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,here________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例句：从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow. Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow. 二.虚拟语气特殊句型:1.wish的宾语从句现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时未来:would/could/might+V.should 1.IwishIwereabird.(现在)2.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(过去)3.Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(将来) 他那样对待我,好像我式陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem. 3.It’s(about/high)time+that该是做某事的时候了过去时should+V.你该走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo. 我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed. 4.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气，从句用should+v(原),should可以省略宾语从句中常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求。即1).insist2).order,command3).advise,suggest,propose4).demand,require,request,desire 我们建议Tom早点出发。WesuggestedthatTomshouldhavestartearly.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.她坚决要求我和她一起逛街。SheinsistedthatI(should)goshoppingwithher. 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气,从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire 5.without和butfor构成虚拟。Without如果没有，要不是butfor要不是1.如果没有阳光，人们的生活将会不同。Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferent.2.要不是你的帮助，我不可能完成工作。Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework. 6.Ifonly…要是就好了要是我知道他的名字就好了。IfonlyIknewhisname!要是我没有错过火车就好了。IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我能够再见到他就好了。IfonlyIcouldseehimagain! 7.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that---Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage. 9.某些简单句的固定句型，表示祝愿，诅咒等:Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina! ExercisesI1.You___tothemeetingyesterday.Whatwasthereasonforyourabsence?A.hadcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldhavecome2.“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI___.”A.hadB.didC.haveD.will 3.Hereissomemoneyincaseyou___it.A.needsB.needC.neededD.willneed4.Hedemandedthattheclassroom___atonce.A.shouldcleanB.cleanC.shouldhavebeencleanedD.becleaned 5.Butforyourcarelessness,we___.A.havesucceededB.hadsucceededC.wouldhavesucceededD.succeeded 6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____.A.breaks    B.hasbrokenC.werebroken   D.hadbeenbroken7.Jane’sfacesuggestedthatshe_____ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_____amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;had D.was;has 8.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.A.shouldbe B.wouldbeC.havebeen      D.hadbeen9.IwishI_____themeetinglastweek.A.couldattendB.attendedC.haveattendedD.hadattended 10.Mysuggestionisthatwe____thesportsmeeting.A.wouldputoff    B.shouldputoffC.puttedoff    D.beputoff11.Itisnecessarythatourdrinkingwater_____cleaner.A.shouldbemade    B.ismadeC.wouldbemade    D.wasmade 12.Don’tcomethisafternoon.I’dratheryou_____tomorrow.A.come    B.tocome    C.came    D.willcome13.Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment_____before6.A.wasfinished    B.willfinishC.befinished    D.shallbefinished II.根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。1.HadInotseenitwithmyowneyes,I____________________(都不会相信的).2.IfIshouldbefreetomorrow,I__________________(会和你一起去).3.Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,you__________________(现在一切都好了).wouldbeallrightnowwouldn’thavebelieveditwouldgowithyou 4.HadMarkbeenincharge,it______________________(就不会发生了).5.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe_________________________(已经离开了好多年).hadbeenawayformanyyearswouldn’thavehappened III.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.IfI_________(know)moreaboutgivingfirstaid,I_______________(help)themwhentheaccidenthappened.2.IfI______(be)aman,I___________(run)forpresident.3.—Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthesidedoor?—No,ifhe_______(have),he_____________________(notbreak)thewindowofthelivingroom.hadknowncouldhavehelpedwerewouldrunhadhadwouldn’thavebroken 4.Iwouldratheryou__________(stay)athomelastnight.5.Iwishthattherain__________(stop)immediately.6.Theytalkedasifthey_________(be)goodfriendsformanyyears.hadbeenhadstayedwouldstop 翻译练习1.我要是你的话,我就会把英语学好。2.如果你昨天来,你就会看见他。3.万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去。4.我希望我十年前认识他。5.他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。Homework