2015中考英语语法总复习讲义专题九 5页

2015中考英语语法总复习讲义专题九：情态动词一、情态动词的类型和特征(一) 情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must;can(could);may(might)；2.可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need； 3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：will(would);shall(should)； 4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有：haveto;oughtto (二)情态动词的特征：1.有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。 2.无人称和数的变化(haveto例外,用于第三人称单数时用hasto)。 Wemuststayhere./Hemuststayhere.他必须呆在这儿。 Wehavetowalkhome./Hehastowalkhome.他不得不步行回家。 3.后接动词原形:Shemayloseherway.她可能迷路了。 4.具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。 —CanyousinganEnglishsong?你会唱英语歌吗？—Yes,Ican.是的，我会。 二、情态动词的用法(一)can,could的用法 1.表示能力，译为：能，会。如:Canyouplaybasketball?你会打篮球吗？ 2.表怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:Hecan’tbeintheroom.他不可能在房间里。 3.表请求或允许，多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may。如:Youcan(may)gonow.你现在可以走了。 4.could是can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力.如:IcouldswimwhenIwassevenyearsold. 5.以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和can’t。 (二)may的用法1.表推测,意为“可能;也许”,用于肯定句中.如:Hemaycometomorrow.他明天可能会来。 2.表请求、许可，意为“可以”如:MayIborrowyourbook?我可以借用你的书吗？ ※may表请求，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用mustn’t，不用maynot，意为“不可以，不许，禁止”。如:—MayIgonow?—No,youmustn’t.不可以。/Yes,youmay(can).是，可以。 3.(1)表祝愿。如:Mayyousucceed.祝你成功。 (2)can和may均可用来表示征求意见或允许，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。 (三)must的用法:1.表示“必须、应该”。 2.表示推测，意为“一定”，一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句一般应用can，否定句中也用may，但maynot表示“可能不”，而can’t表示“不可能”。 —There’ssomeoneknockingonthedoor.有人敲门。—ItmustbeJim.肯定是吉姆。 ※3.在否定句中，mustn’t表示禁止，意为“不允许”。以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答应用must，而否定回答则常用needn’t，意为“不需要、不必”，相当于don’thaveto,而不能用mustn’t。。 —MustIfinishtheworktoday?我今天必须完成这项工作吗？ —No,youneedn’t/Youdon’thaveto.不，你不必/Yes,youmust.  (四)对need词性的判断:need后加todo说明need为实义动词，用助动词提问或否定；need后加doing表被动；若need后加动词原形,则need为情态动词，用need提问或否定，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t。如:Youneedn’tcometoschoolsoearly.你不必这么早来学校。 (五)hadbetter的用法:hadbetter+动词原形，表示最好做某事，否定式用hadbetternotdosth.。 You’dbetterstayathome.你最好呆在家里/You’dbetternotwatchTVeveryday.你最好不要每天看电视。 (六)shall(should),will(would)的用法 1.Shall用于第一人称，表示征求意见、询问。如:ShallIopenthewindow?我打开窗户好吗？ Shallwehavelunchhere?我们在这儿吃饭好吗？ 2.Should常用来表示义务、责任。如:Weshouldobeytrafficlaws.我们应该遵守交通规则。 3.will用于第二人称表示询问,请求,也可以表达现在的“意愿” 如:Willyoupassmethebook?你能把这本书递给我吗？/Wewilldoanythingforyou.4.would用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。 Wouldyoutellmethewaytothestation?你能告诉我去车站的路吗? 三、易混点清单（ ★为不常考知识点）★（一）can和beableto:can和beableto表示能力时用法相同，can只用于现在时和过去式(could)，但beableto表示经过努力后,能够做到有现在时,过去时和将来时。 如:Wewillbeabletocomebacknextweek.我们下周能回来。 Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.（表示经过努力后,能够做到） Jimcouldn’tspeakChineselastyear,butnowhecan.吉姆去年不会说汉语，但现在他会了。 （二）can和may表可能性的区别 1.在肯定句中,用may表可能Youhadbetteraskthepoliceman.Hemayknow.你最好问警察,他可能知道。 2.在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用cannot；若语气不肯定，表示“可能不”时用maynot。 MrLican’tbeintheroom.HehasgonetoBeijingforavisit.李老师不可能在，他去北京度假了。 （三）could,should,would,might表示委婉语气 could,should,would,might等过去式有时不表示过去，而是表示更委婉客气的语气。 Wouldyoutellmethewaytothepark?你能告诉我去公园的路吗？ ★（四）must和have(has)to：must和have(has)to意思均为“必须”，常可以互换使用。但have(has)to用于强调客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”；must用于表示主观看法，意为“必须，应该”。 We’llhavetoaskZhangHonginstead./Wemustworkhardatschool. （五）maybe和maybe  may为情态动词，后加动词原形be，用在句中;maybe为副词,“大概，也许”,相当于perhaps,用于句首。 （六）can’t和mustn’t:表否定推测时应用can’t,mustn’t表达“禁止、不允许”的含义，不是用来表推测的，在肯定句中must表推测，译为“一定”。 （七）（补充）shouldhavedone本应该做的事情但未做含有责备之意 如：ItoldLilyhowtogethere,butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitout.needn’thavedone本没必要做但却做了sth一、单选题（共35小题）1．—MustIstayathome,Mum?—No,you______.A．needn"tB．mustn"tC．don"tD．maynot2．—Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMrLi?—No,it______behim.MrLihasgonetoAmerica.A．mustn"tB．maynotC．can"tD．needn"t3．Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.A．needn"tbethrownB．mustn"tbethrownC．can"tthrowD．mustn’tthrow4．You_____tothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.A．needn’ttocomeB．don’tneedcomeC．don’tneedcomingD．needn’tcome5．You’dbetter_____lateagain.A．don‘tB．notbeC．notbeingD．won’tbe6．You_______smokeinthehospital.A．needn’tB．oughtn’ttoC．oughttonotD．maynot7．—Anothercupofcoffee?—No,thanks.I_____beoff.Maryiswaitingforme.A．canB．mayC．mustD．might8．—I’malittletired.Let’sgotothezoobytaxi.—We         takeataxi.It’snotfarfromhere.A．can’tB．mustn’tC．couldn’tD．needn’t9．—Susanhasboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.—It______beveryexpensive.Ineverevendreamaboutit.A．mustB．mightC．can’tD．shouldn’t10．—Listen!IsProfessorJohnsongivingareportinthehall?—No,it       behim.HehasgonetoJapan.A．needn’tB．maynotC．mustn’tD．can’t11．—Canyouplaythepiano?—Yes,I_______.Ioftenpracticeitonweekends. A．needn’tB．needC．can’tD．can12．.—MayIwatchTVforawhile？—No,you_______.Youhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.A．shouldn’tB．needn’tC．mustn’tD．won’t13．—______youswim?—Yes,butI’mnotagoodswimmer.A．CanB．MayC．NeedD．Must14．—Excuseme,wherearewegoingtohaveourclassmeeting?—I’mnotsure.Askourmonitor,please.He         know.A．canB．mayC．needD．shall15．Wehopethatasmanypeopleaspossible________joinusforthecharityshowtomorrow.A．needB．canC．mustD．should16．—Let’sgototheconcerttonight,Michael!—Sorry,I_______.IhavetohelpmymotherwiththehouseworkA．mustn’tB．maynotC．needn’tD．can’t17．Ifthetrafficlightisred,you________crosstheroad.It’sverydangerous.A．don’tB．mustn’tC．needn’tD．wouldn’t18．—Ihavespenttoomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesthesedays.—Ithinkso.You_____stop,foryourstudyandyourhealth.A．willB．mustC．canD．may19．We________fightagainstpollution.A．mayB．shouldC．mustn’tD．needn’t20．—Ican’tgiveupsmoking,doctor.—Foryourhealth,I’mafraidyou________.A．mayB．canC．havetoD．must21．Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe        itdifferently.A．couldexpressB．wouldexpressC．couldhaveexpressedD．musthaveexpressed22．Mr.White_____at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn"tshowup.A．shouldhavearrivedB．shouldarriveC．shouldhavehadarrivedD．shouldbearriving23．—Shelooksveryhappy.She______havepassedtheexam.—Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.A．shouldB．couldC．mustD．might24．—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.—Thanks.You______it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A．needn"tdoB．needn"thavedoneC．mustn"tdoD．shouldn"thavedone25．—It’stheoffice!Soyou_____knoweatingisnotallowedhere.—Oh,sorry.A．mustB．willC．mayD．need26．Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy;they_______justbequiet people.A．mustB．mayC．shouldD．would27．一Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?一Noperson______smokeorcarryalightedcigarette，cigarorpipeinthisarea．A．willB．mayC．shallD．must28．Althoughtheclimateinourcityisgood，yetthetemperature________fallto14centigradebelowfreezingpointinwinter.A．shouldB．shallC．canD．may29．—CanIknowyourplansforthissummerholiday?—Mm...ofcourse！ButI"mjustthinkingaboutthis.I________beavolunteersocialworker.A．mightB．shouldC．mustD．need30．—Mum,wouldyoupleasebuymeaMP5player?—Ifyoucanhelpdothedishesthewholevacation，you        haveoneasareward·A．mustB．needC．wouldD．shall31．Whenweworkedinthesamefirmseveralyearsago,we_____oftengotothecinematogether.A．wouldB．willC．shallD．could32．You         getanewbicycleasarewardfordoingwellinthefollowingfinalexam.A．mustB．willC．shallD．should33．Theyoungmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathe________nothavebeenallowedtoattendtheconcert.A．couldB．mustC．shouldD．need34．—IwonderifI________smokehere.—No，you________.Yousee,thereisa“NOSMOKING”signhere.A．may；needn"tB．must；can"tC．shall；won"tD．can；mustn"t、35．Thechildren___playfootballontheroad.A．can"tB．canC．mustn"tD．must