高一英语语法-直接引语变成间接引语的句子结构的变化 9页

直接引语变成间接引语的句子结构的变化1）   陈述句  Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”———HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall. 用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat2）一般疑问句  Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”  Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序3）特殊疑问句  Hesaidtome，“What"syourname?”————Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.  原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序4）选择疑问句  Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”————HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench. 用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…5）祈使句如果直接引语是祈使句，间接引语要用不定式的复合结构改，即改为：tell(ask,order,warn,advise等)sb.(not)todosth.如：Thepolicemansaidtothechildren,“Don’tplayfootballinthestreet.”Thepolicemantoldthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet.“Listentomecarefully,please.”theteachersaidtous.Theteachertoldustolistentohimcarefully.【温馨提示】如果祈使句中出现了please,在间接引语中必须省略。6）感叹句如果直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，用what,how或that来引述。如：“Whatabeautifulhouseitis!”hesaidtome.Hetoldmewhatabeautifulhouseitwas.Hetoldmethatitwasabeautifulhouse.Ⅰ.引导词的选择及语序1.陈述句：S+V+that+陈述语序(S+V)“Thatisthetrouble”,saidBill.改为：Billsaid___________________________thetrouble.【注】：that可省略，但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列，则第二个that不可省略。Hetoldme(that)hehadfinishedhisworkandthathewouldliketohaveaholiday.2.一般疑问句：S+V+if/whether+陈述语序(S+V)Heasked,“Areyouleavingtonight?”改为：Heaskedus___________________________leavingthatnight.3.特殊疑问句：S+V+what/who/which/whose/when+陈述语序(S+V)“Whydidyoulockthedoor?”fathersaidtoAnne.改为：FatheraskedAnne____________________________________thedoor.4.祈使句：S+V+sb.todo/nottodo(1)表示“命令”：tell,order,command(2)表示“请求”：ask,beg,request (3)表示“建议”：advise,suggest“Don’tmakenoiseinthelibrary.”theteachersaidtothestudents.改为：Theteacher_________thestudents___________________________noiseinthelibrary.Ⅱ.时态的一致1．主句是过去时，变间接引语时，从句时态向“过去”退一步：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时不变一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时直接引语间接引语Iworkhard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Iamworkinghard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Iwasworkinghard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Iworkedhard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Ihadworkedhard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Iamgoingtoworkhard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.　但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。　　①直接引语是客观真理。　　"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。　　②直接引语是过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时，时态就不变。如：　　Jacksaid."John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?"→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。 　　③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：　　XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril2l,1980。"→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。　　④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：　　Hesaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning。"→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。　　⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could,should,would,might）不再变。如：　　Petersaid."Youhadbettercomehavetoday。"→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。Ⅲ.人称及状语的变化1．人称变化：“一主二宾三不变”（直接引语中若出现第一人称则看主句主语，第二人称看主句宾语，第三人称无须变）试观察：Shesaidtohim,“Iamveryhungry.”改为：Shetoldhimthatshewasveryhungry.Shesaidtohim,“Youareverynice.”改为：Shetoldhimthathewasverynice.Shesaidtohim,“Lilyisverynice.”改为：ShetoldhimthatLilywasverynice.2.状语与限定词变化：“这这那那，来来去去”直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthentodaythatday tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdayyesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousdaynextyear/week/monththenextyear/week/monthlastyear/night/weektheyear/night/weekbeforeagobeforeheretherecomego“Iputthekeyonthistableyesterday.”改为：______________________________________________Ⅳ.Exercise一.改写句子（把直接引语改为间接引语）1.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.改为：Hesaidthat__________________havingsupper.2.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.改为：Gina_________methat___________________________thefilm.3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.改为：Shesaidthat___________________________homewithhersister.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”改为：Theteachersaidthatthesun_________biggerthanthemoon.5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.改为：Hetoldmethathe__________________her___________________________.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.改为：HesaidthatI_________togo_________beforefive.7.“Wereyoubornin1979?”hesaid.改为：He_________me_________I_________bornin1979.8.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”改为：He_________Jimthathe___________________________.9.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”改为：Heaskedhismother____________________________________it.10.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.改为：Heaskedme___________________________been_________days.11.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.改为：Heasked__________________knewwhereshe_________. 1.“Keepquite,children.”hesaid.改为：He_________thechildren__________________quite.2.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.改为：She_________me___________________________outofthewindow.3.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.改为：He__________________Iwasinterestedin_________.二．句子翻译：1.汤姆说他2009年加入了这家驾驶俱乐部。________________________________________________________________________2.他告诉我他把书落在房间里了。________________________________________________________________________2.凯特问我当天晚上是否陪她看电影。________________________________________________________________________3.我的小学英语老师常说熟能生巧。________________________________________________________________________4.妈妈问我是怎么修好我的单车的。________________________________________________________________________5.老师让学生们别浪费自己的时间。________________________________________________________________________6.她说她在等车的时候就读完那本书了。________________________________________________________________________7.警察问那个人前天晚上他在公园里都干了些什么。________________________________________________________________________8.他说他求职时已经告诉他们他的故事了。________________________________________________________________________9.将军命令所有士兵马上上前线。________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ.Keys:Ⅰ.1.thatthatwas2.whether/ifwewere3.whyshehadlocked4.told,nottomakeⅡ.2.thattheearthgoes3.thatshewas4.hehasbeenmarriedExercise:一.1.hewas2.toldshehadseen3.shehadgone4.is5.hadmet;thedaybefore6.had;there;7.asked;if/whether;was8.told;couldsitthere 9.howshehadfound10.whereIhad;those11.if/whetherI;lived12.told;tokeep13.told;nottolook14.askedif/whether;that二．1.Tomsaidthathejoinedthedrivingclubin2009.2.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.3.Kateaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgotothecinemawithherthatevening.4.MyEnglishteacherintheprimaryschooloftensaidthatpracticemakesperfect.5.MymotheraskedmehowIhadrepairedmybike.6.Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.7.Shesaidshehadfinishedreadingthebookwhileshewaswaitingforthebus.8.Thepolicemanaskedthemanwhathehaddoneintheparkthenightbefore.9.Hesaidthathehadtoldthemallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.10.Thegeneralorderedallhissoldierstogotothefrontlineatonce.课后练习：I.将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______mettheday______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit. 11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme___________________himthenews.15.“Areyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestdin______.II从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Heaskedme________IwouldgotoBeijingbyairthenextday.A.thatifB.ifC.thatwhetherD.how2.—Joyce,pleasedon’topenthewindow.—Pardon?—I______openthewindow.A.tellyoudon’tB.tellyounottoC.toldyoudidn’tD.toldyounotto3.He_____theydidn’tstartearlytheywouldn’tcatchthefirstbus.A.saidthatifB.askedifC.askedwhetherD.saidthatwhether4.Heasked_______fortheviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchIpaidD.howmuchdidIpay5.Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.(北京2003)A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake6.Thedoctoraskedmewhat_______withme.A.iswrongB.wrongisC.waswrongD.wrongwas7.Heaskedtheboywhere_______.A.hismotherwasB.washismotherC.hismotherisD.ishismother8.Theysaidatlastthatthey_______betterstartoutatonce.A.hadhadB.hadC.hadbeenD.was9.Theteachersaidthatdoubt_______thekeyofknowledge.A.wereB.areC.wasD.is10.Theactorsaidhe_______bornin1984.A.wasB.isC.beD.hadbeenIII.将下列直接引语变为间接引语，间接引语变为直接引语。 1.Mr.Stonesaid,“MayIhaveacupoftea?”Mr.Stone______________________.2.Thenursesaid,“Letthechildrenwashtheirhandsthemselves.”Thenurse______________________.3.Myunclesaid,“Donotopenthewindow.”Myuncle_______________________.4.JohnaskedMary,“Whatdoyouknowaboutthesea?”JohnaskedMary________________.5.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Theteachersaidthat_____________.6.TheteachertoldTomtobecarefulwithhispronunciation._______________________________.7.Sheaskedmetoopenthedoor._______________________________.8.Mymotheradvisedmetohaveagoodrest._______________________________.9.PeteraskedmewhenIwouldleaveAthens._______________________________.10.HeaskedmehowIwasgettingalongwithmystudiesthen.______________________________.