反身代词 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版) 5页

大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)二Ishalldoitwhateverhappens.(=nomatterwhat)、功Whoeversaysso,i곰tsnottrue.(=nomatterwho)能Youcangooutoftheforestwhicheverpathyoutake.(=nomatterwhichpath)7.反身代词1)反身代词的一般用法反身代词常用作宾语、状语或同位语,作同位语时表示强调。例如:IteachmyselfEnglish.我自学英语。(不用me,指同一人,作宾语)Thechildburnthimself.那孩子烫了自己。(作宾语)Youyourselfdidit.那是你本人做的。(作同位语)Theimpetuscamefromthecommitteeandnotfromthemselves.(作介词宾语,表示强调)Thephotoisnottheleastlikeherself.这张照片一点也不像她本人。Don곰texcuseyourself.不必道歉。(作宾语)Shelookedatherselfinthemirror.她对镜自照。(作介词宾语)Heishospitalityitself.他非常客气。(作同位语)Hewrotetheletterhimself.他亲笔写了那封信。(作状语)Thepresidentwillchairthemeetinghimself.总统将亲自主持这个会议。(作状语)Menlikeourselvesmustworkhard.(作介词宾语)Thematterconcernednoonebuthimself.(作介词宾语)Jackhimselfistoblame.(=Jackistoblamehimself.)(作同位语)Note:①反身代词在句中可有不同的位置,下面三句含义相同:Aliceherselfhaswateredtheflowers.(位于主语后最常见)Alicehasherselfwateredtheflowers.Alicehaswateredtheflowersherself.②反身代词可以强调不同的成分。例如:Jackhimself,butnothisbrother,paintedthedoor.(强调主语Jack)MarylovesJackhimself,nothiswealth.(强调动词宾语Jack)I곰tsnoteasyforJackhimselftodesignthehouse.(强调介词宾语)③如果主语和宾语不是同一人或物,就不能使用反身代词。另外,还要保持反身代词同其所代表的先行词在人称及数方面的一致。103ꑄ考察下面两个句子:WhenvisitingNewYorkCity,thetouristshouldtakeaboatridearoundABManhattantofamiliarizeyourselfwiththecity.(D项有问题)CDPlantsridthemofexcesswaterthroughtranspiration,theevaporationofextraABCmoisturefromtheirleaves.(A项有问题)D比较:Aliceboughtheranewbike.艾丽斯给她买了一辆新自行车。(her指另一人)Aliceboughtherselfanewbike.艾丽斯给自己买了一辆新自行车。(herself指Alice本人)④如果介词表示位置,则不可用反身代词作宾语。例如: 新/世/纪/英/语/丛/书第三Sheclosedthedoorafterher.(不用herself)讲Helookedabouthim.(不用himself)Theydividedthepropertyamongthem.(不用themselves)代Shebroughtherstudentswithher.(不用herself)2)反身代词用在avail,behave等动词后词在avail,behave,absent,adapt,busy,help,enjoy,depend,hurt,conduct,blame,pride,provide,make,deport,bethink想起,compose镇静,divorce分裂,demean行为,comport举止,plume自夸,intoxicate陶醉,bear举止,bestir激动,betake致力于,in-gratiate讨好,speakto,repeat,enjoy,kill,content,reproach,deceive,praise,express,contradict,free,support,wash,feed,dress,check,control,overwork,hide,trouble,overstretch,introduce,pledge,exert,engage等动词后可用反身代词作宾语。例如:Hereproachedhimselfforhisbehaviourthatevening.他为那天晚上的行为责备自己。Heoftencontradictshimself.他常常自相矛盾。Theboycanwashhimselfanddresshimselfnow.这个男孩现在能够自己洗澡,自己穿衣服了。Shesawherselfinthemirror.她看到镜子中的自己。Hepledgedhimselftodoit.他保证做那件事。Johnneverexertshimself.约翰从来不肯下功夫。Pullyourselftogether.Thefutureisbright.振作起来吧,未来是美好的。Heoverstrechedhimselftobuythatvilla.他用了过多的钱买那幢别墅。Hedistinguishedhimselfasagreatscientist.他是一位杰出的科学家。Soonhecomposedhimself.他不久就平静下来了。Hebehavedhimselffairlywellatcollege.Notasinglestudentabsentedhimselffromthelecture.Makeyourselfathome.Weshouldneverdivorceourselvesfromthemasses.Jimprideshimselfonhisabilitytospeakseverallanguages.Hesworetoavengehimselfontheenemy.CanyouexpressyourselfinEnglish?Pleasehelpyourselftosomemeat.104seatoneself=beseatedamuseoneself=beamusedNote:某些动词后的反身代词有时可省略。例如:Thesoldierhid(himself)inawell.Kittydressed(herself)quickly.Theriverempties(itself)intothesea.Hequalified(himself)fortheoffice.Behave(yourself)!乖一点!Heusuallyshavesinthemorning.他通常早上刮胡子。Doyoushaveyourselforgotothebarbers?你自己刮胡子还是请理发师的?Heusedtowashhimselfintheevening.他过去常常在晚上洗澡。Hewashestwiceaday.他每天洗两次澡。Sheengagedherselftoattendthemeeting.她答应去参加会议。Sheengagedtopaybackthemoney.她答应还钱。 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)二比较:、applyoneselfto专心致志于功能applyfor求职,用于availoneselfof利用availsb.nothing徒劳conductoneselflikealady举止大方conductthecampaign指挥作战deportoneselflikeagentleman作风正派deportsb.to...流放3)talkoneselfhoarse中的反身代词在这种结构中,反身代词后的补语表示某一动作所引起的后果。例如:Theboycriedhimselfhoarse.那个小男孩哭得嗓子都哑了。Theyquarrelledthemselvesredintheface.他们吵得面红耳赤。Thebabycriedhimselfblind.那婴儿哭得睁不开眼。Shecriedherselftosleep.她哭着睡着了。Sheworkedherselfill.她工作累病了。Themanranhimselfoutofbreath.那人跑得上气不接下气。Theytalkedthemselveshoarse.他们说得嗓子都哑了。Theytalkedthemselvesasleep.他们谈得睡着了。Note:有些“动词+反身代词”结构可以同被动语态结构互换,前者强调动作,后者强调状态。例如:Helosthimselfinthehills.Hegot(was)lostinthehills.他在山里迷了路。Sheboredherselftodeath.Shewasboredtodeath.她烦得要死。4)findoneselfinadilemma中的反身代词在这种结构中,反身代词后的补语往往表示主语处于某种不自觉的状态。例如:Theyfoundthemselvesinadilemma.(进退维谷)Hecaughthimselfmakingthesamegrammaticalmistake.5)makeashowofoneself中的反身代词105反身代词还用于某些成语中。例如:Hemadeashowofhimself(出丑)beforethepublic.Don곰tmakeanuisanceofyourself.(令人讨厌)ꑄ其他如:makeapigofoneself狼吞虎咽,hugoneself沾沾自喜,kickoneself严厉自责,keeponeselftooneself不与他人往来。6)besidehim不同于besidehimself某些介词后既可以用宾格人称代词,也可以用反身代词,前者用于本义,后者用于转义或隐喻。例如:HehadAlicebesidehim.(在他旁边)Hewasbesidehimselfwithrage.(发狂,失常)Hesawaplaneaboveus.(在我们头上)Heisabitabovehimself.(自高自大)Shehadnomoneywithher.(身边没有钱)Shewaspleasedwithherself.(洋洋得意) 新/世/纪/英/语/丛/书第三比较:讲Hewishedtohavearoomtohimself.(独自)代Themachineworksbyitself.(自动地)Hediditallbyhimself.(独自一人)Theenemywillnotperishofhimself.(自行地)词7)Aliceisnotquiteherself的含义反身代词还可以用作表语,表示某种身体状况等。例如:Aliceisnotquiteherselftoday.(身体不适)Well,you곰reyourselfagain.(康复)Theboywillbehimselfinnotime.(很快康复)NowIfeelmoremyself.(感觉好多了)Beyourself!振作起来!8)表示比较时,用在like,than,so,as后Heismuchtallerthanmyself.Sheisquiteaswelleducatedasourselves.Thephotoisnotquitelikeyourself.Heisaboutthesameageasherself.9)betweenourselves———反身代词构成的惯用语(1)betweenourselves,意为“只是你我两人私下谈谈,不要告诉别人”,相当于betweenyouandme。例如:ItwaswhatIwouldcall,betweenourselves,abribe.Allthisisbetweenourselves,sodon곰tletanyoneelseknowaboutit.(2)to+oneself,意为“为单独所用,为单独所有”。例如:Hewishedtohavearoomtohimself.他希望能有一间属于自己的房子。Itisdecidedthattheymaykeepthreecarstothemselves.Tomkeepshimselftohimself.汤姆不与人往来。(3)foroneself,意为“为自己,自己,亲自”。例如:Youhavetodecideforyourself.你得自己决定。Beitrightorwrong,youhavearighttojudgeforyourself.不管是对是错,你有权106自己决定。(4)ofoneself,意为“自动地,自愿地”。例如:Theaccidentdidnothappenofitself.这个事故是不会自动发生的。Shewon곰tgiveupofherself.她是不会自动放弃的。Itwillgrowofitself.(=naturally)Sheapologizedofherself.(=voluntarily)(5)byoneself,意为“alone,withouthelpfromothers,automatically”,前面可加all表示强调。例如:Hewillbebyhimselftomorrow.他明天独自在家(在办公室)。Shedecoratedthehouseallbyherself.Canthemachineworkallbyitself?比较:Hedidithimself.他独立做那件事。(没有别人帮助)Hediditofhimself.他自愿做那件事。 大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)二(6)inoneself,意为“本身,本性”。例如:、Heisakindmaninhimself.他本身是一个善良的人。功能Thatisagoodsuggestioninitself.那本身是一个好主意。Simplicityisinitselfaformofbeauty.10)反身代词作主语反身代词可以作独立主格结构中的逻辑主语,在口语中,也可借助or,nor,and等连词同其他名词一起作主语,也用于省略结构中作主语,相当于主格。例如:Herselfinpoorhealth,shestillcarriedontheexperiment.她虽然身体不好,但仍继续那项试验。Ourselvesnotrich,weshouldpracticeeconomy.我们并不富裕,应该厉行节约。Myfriendsandmyselfusedtotakeastrollatthefootofthehillatdusk.Yourselfandyourstudentshavebeeninvited.Whodidit?Myself.11)hurthim和hurthimself反身代词在句中作宾语或表语时,指代的必须是该句的主语本身,若不是其本身,则不可用反身代词。比较:Hehurthim.他伤害了他。(两个人)Hehurthimself.他伤害了自己。(一个人)ꑄ考察下面两句:Variousanimalshaveshellsthatkeepthemselvesfromgrowingbeyondacertainsize.ABCD(B项themselves不是指主语that本身,而是指variousanimals,故改为them)ThemenandwomenwhopushedthefrontierwestwardacrossAmericaprobablyAneverthoughtofthemasbravepioneers.(C项them指的就是主语themenandBCDwomen本身,故改为themselves)8.代词的一些其他用法1)those常用作后接定语从句中关系代词的先行词107Shewasamongthosewhosawtheaccident.ꑄ考察下面一句:Heinvitedallwhohadevergivenhimhelpinthepast.A.theseB.theyC.themD.those(D项正确)2)抽象名词+itselfitself可以放在一个抽象名词后,用来加强该名词的含义,这种结构相当于all+抽象名词或very+形容词。例如:Sheisbeautyitself.她很美。=Sheisallbeauty.=Sheisverybeautiful.Heiskindnessitself.他很善良。=Heisallkindness.=Heisverykind.