中考英语语法考点一点通：中考英语语法一点通——简单句和并列句 9页

屮考英语语依一支通一简車句和弄刊句◎知识淸单简单句一、疑问句1、一般疑问句一般疑问句用以询问事物或者情况，希望对方给以肯定(yes)或者否定(no)的回答。肯定回答：Yes,主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词否定回答：No,主语+be动词/助动词艸青态动词+not—Areyouateacher?—Yes,Iam./No,Fmnot.—Doyoulikeswimming?—Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.—MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn"t.2、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。①疑问代词：what什么who谁,which哪一个,whose谁的，可以对主语、宾语、表语、定语 提问oWhoisthemanoverthere?Whatcanyouseeonthedesk?Whosebookisit?①疑问副词：when何时，where何地，how怎样，why为什么，对状语进行提问。Whenwereyouborn?Howdoyouusuallygotoschool?Whydidyourmothergetangry?②疑问词组：howlong多长时间，howfar多远，howmany/much多少，howoften多经常，howold多大年龄，whattime什么时候。Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?Howoftendoyouvisitthemuseum?3、选择疑问句提出两种或者两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫作选择疑问句。选择疑问句中的两种或以上的情况用or连接。—Isyourfriendaboyagirl?-Agirl.—Whichdoyoulikebetter,mathsorEnglish?—English.4、反意疑问句反意疑问句是提出情况或者看法，问对方是否同意的句子。一般由陈述句和反意疑问句构成。反意疑问句部分要与前面的陈述句用逗号隔开，句末用问号。如果陈述句部分是肯定结构，反意疑 问句部分就用否定结构，反之亦然。反意疑问句部分的主语需用代词，并与陈述句部分的主语一致，谓语动词在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述句部分一致。反意疑问句的构成如下：肯定的陈述句+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not+主语（代词）否定的陈述句+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语（代词）反意疑问句还有如下一些值得注意的情况：①陈述句部分含有never,few,little,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none等表示否定意义的词吋，反意疑问句部分用肯定形式。Hehasfewfriendsatschool,doeshe?注意：当陈述句谓语动词是含有否定意义的前缀的词时，反意疑问句部分还是要用否定形式。Hedislikessmoking,doesn"the?②陈述句部分是therebe结构，反意疑问句用bethereoThereisabookonthedesk,isn"tthere?③当陈述句部分的主语是指物的不定代词，something,anything,everything,反意疑问句主语用it；如果主语是指人的不定代词somebody,anybody,everybody等时，反意疑问句主语用they或he。Someonewantstoseeyou,don"tthey?④当陈述句的主语是this,that时，反意疑问句主语用it；当陈述句的主语是these,those时,反意疑问句主句用theyoThisisaninterestingfilm,isn"tit?Thosearen"tbananatrees,arethey?⑤当陈述句谓语动词含有have/has/had时，若时态为完成时态或者含有hadbetter,反意疑问句用have/has/had,K它情况需要借助助动词构成反意疑问句。 Jackhasanewwatch,doesn^the?Theyhadtogetupearlyinthemorning,didrTtthey?HehasbeentoBeijingtwice,hasn^the?We"dbetterstoptalking,hadn^twe?①当陈述句部分含有need时,如果need作行为动词,则反意疑问句部分用do/does/did,如果need作情态动词，则反意疑问句部分用needoWeneedtobuyanewwashingmachine,don^twe?Weneedn"tsetoutatonce,needwe?②当陈述句部分是肯定的祈使句，反意疑问句用willyou或者won"tyou,当陈述句是否定的祈使句，反意疑问句用willyouoPassmethesalt,will/won，tyou?Dorftplayfootballinthestreet,willyou?③当陈述部分是以lets开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shallwe；当陈述句部分是以letus开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用willyou<>Lettgoshopping,shallwe?Letushavealook,will/worTtyou?④当陈述句含有must时，当must表示"必须”时,反意疑问句用needn"t；当must表示"一定、想必"，反意疑问句部分的谓语应根据nwst后面的动词来确定。Theymustcomeontime,needn^tthey?ThatmanmustbeM匸Zhang,isnlhe?⑤当陈述句是主从复合句，反意疑问句的主语通常与主句的主语保持一致。Shesaidhewouldcometomorrow,didnlshe? 注意：若主句的主语是第一人称I/we,其谓语动词又是think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine等时，反意疑问句部分的主语和谓语和从句保持一致。Idon"tthinkheisagoodstudent,ishe?Wethinkitisagoodidea,isn^tit?反意疑问句的冋答要根据具体的情况来确定用肯定形式还是否定形式。一Lucyisverygoodatskating,isn"tshe?一Yes,sheis.—Youdon?tlikeeatingbeef,doyou?一No,Idon"t.二、住述句、祈復句去藏叹句1、陈述句陈述句用来叙述一件事情或者表达一种想法，有肯定和否定两种形式。MyauntworksinahospitalIcarTtrideabike.2、祈使句祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或者劝告，通常用动词原形开头，否定的祈使句在动词原形前加上notoComein!Bequiet!Don^tbelate. Don"ttalkinclass.3、感叹句感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子，常由what和how引导感叹句。①what引导的感叹句What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！What+形容词+复数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！What+形容词+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)！Whatalovelydog(itis)!Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!Whatgoodnews(itis)!②how引导的感叹句How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！How+主语+谓语Howfasttheboyruns!Howusefulasubjectitis!Howtimeflies!并列句使用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫作并列句。并列句的构成为：简单句+并列 连词+简单句。二、彳见的弄刊直褐1、表示顺承、并列、递进关系的并列连词而且and和，both...and...和都，aswellas也，notonly...butalso...不但neither...nor...既不也不等。Myfatherboughtmeapresent,andIlikeitverymuch.HecanspeaknotonlyEnglishbutalsoFrench.特别提砾:and连接的两个并列成分的肯定句变为否定句时,and要变成or。Ican"tsingordance.2、表示转折和对比关系的并列连词but但是，yet然而，while而LucylikesredwhileLilylikeswhite.3、表示选择关系的并列连词either...or...要么要么，oi•或者、否则Studyhard,oryou"llfailtheexam.Eitheryouorhehasmadethemistake.4、表示因果关系的并列连词so所以、因此，for因为Katewasill,soshedidn"tgotoschool.Itmusthavebeenwetlastnight,forthegroundiswet. 易错题型Igreatfunitwastoseethebasketballfinalyesterday!A.WhataB.HowaC.HowD.What2.VisitorsneedtoknowallthetravelroutestoParis,A.dotheyB.needtheyC.don，ttheyD.needn^tthey3.一He，snotmarriedLaura,•TheywillcelebratetheironeyearofmarriagethisSunday.A.hashe;YesB.ishe;YesC.hashe;NoD.ishe;No4.一Iamnotallowedtobringmymobilephonetotheschool.•Ourschoolsaysit^sbadforourstudy.A.SoareweB.SodoweC・NeitherareweD.Neitherdowe5.Hisfamilyallverykindandfriendly.Hisfamilyahappyone.A.are;isB.is;isC・are;areD.is;are6.Readthisarticle,youwillunderstandthatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.A.orB.andC.butD.so7.Good,you"vedoneitwell!Youneednomorehelpfromus,?A.doyouB.needyouC・don"tyouD.needn"tyou8.Daniel,playwiththemobilephonewhileyourrewalkinginthestreet. A.don"tB.doesn"tC.won"tD.cantthey?6.—Middleschoolstudentsdon"tknowmuchaboutshoppingonline,•It"sverypopularwithteenagers.A.do;NoB.do;YesC.don"t;NoD.don"t;Yes7.—YourfatherneverwatchesthedramaseriesonTV,•Hethinksthesesdramaseriesareboringanddull.A.doeshe;Yes,hedoesA.doeshe;No,hedoesn"tB.doesn"the;Yes,hedoesC.doesn"the;No,hedoesnft参考答案1・5ACACA6-10BCABB