中考二轮复习英语语法形容词 11页

中考专题复习二轮形容词中考要求：形容词和副词的屮考要求是：形容词改为副词(根据句子的需要)；形容词和副词的比较级和最高级；某些特殊变化的形容词和副词的比较级(little—less—least等):形容词的同级比较(as/so...as...的用法)；形容词比较级的叠加句型(如：Themoreyoustudy,thebetteryouwi11get)(-)定义：说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。(二)形容词的用法和在句中的位置1.作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词(something，anything,nothing,everything)之后。It"sacoldandwindyday.Thebeautifulgirlismysister.Ihavesomahigimportanttotellyou.Wouldyoulikesomethin父hottodrink?()Whatacough!Youseemill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD>terribly,terribly()Waitaminute,Ihavetotellyou.A.somethinginterestedB.somethinginterestingC.interestingsomethingD・anythinginteresting[2013绥化】一Howdoyoulikethetalkshow?—1thinkit/s,butsomepeoplethinkit，sso.A・wonderfulenough;boredB.enoughwonderful;boringC・wonderfulenough;boring[2013黔西南】Theoldmanissolonelythathehopestoknowabouteveryday•A.specialsomethingB・specialanythingC・somethingspecialD・anythingspecial2.作表语，放在系动词之后。(look,feel,smell,sound....)Helookshappytoday.Ourschoolisbigemdclean.Ifeltterriblethismorning.()Jimisatallhislessons.AndI"msurehevlldoveryintheexams.A.well,goodB.good,wellC.well,wellD.good,good()Thiseggsmells,thoughitlooksallright.A.goodB>wellC・badD.badly3•作宾语补足语，放在宾语Z后。 Ifindithardtotravelaroundthebigcity.Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed・4.某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，农示…类人。常见的形容词有:dood/bad,rich/poor,young/bad,deaf?blind,black/whitejiving/deadTheyoun父shouldbepolitetotheold.Therichshouldhlepthepoor.5•表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在和应的名词Z后。【注】在英语中，表示事物的长.宽.高、深等时，主要有两种表达方式:I瀚："基数词+单位名词+形容词（Ion爲widEtalhdeep等）”。如果数词超过1,单位名词要用复数形式。【注】单位词有：meter;foot;inch;kilogram等YaoMingisover2meterstall.Theriveris50meter,wide.Howlongistheriver?It"sabout加ohundredmetresIon父.6.只能作表语的形容词：afraid；alone；asleep；awake；alive；well健康的；ill；frightenedThemanisill.（正）Theillmanismyuncle.（误）7.只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的MyelderbrotherisinBeijing.（正）Mybrotheriselder.（误）8貌似副词的形容词：lonely；friendly；lively；lovely（）Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel•A.aloneB.lonelyC.happilyD.friendly（三）、形容词的排列顺岸当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为：邙艮定词）T一般描绘性形容词-表示大小、长短、高低的形容词-表示年龄、新旧的形容词-表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词-表示物质、材料的形容词-（名词）。县限官观行形令龄射色国才材Thereisafamoustineoldstonebridgenearthevillage.（四）、有一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式be++todosth.glad，happy，pleasedsorry,§ad，sure,kindready，afraid，ableeasy,difficultrmverysadtohearthebadnews.(五)常见名词变形容词的方法： 名词构成方法意义举例表示天气的名词・y务••••…的cloud一cloudywind-windysun-sunny表示方位的名词-ern……的方位west-westerneast-eastern表示称谓的名词-ly……般的friend-friendly表示时间的名词-iy每・・…的week-weeklyday-daily表示物质的名词・en……制成的wood一woodengold一golden表示情感的名词-ful・y-less奇・・•的…•的care-carefulluck-luckyhope-hopelessuse一usefulnoise-noisycare-careless表示大洲和国家的名词・・・・・・的……的人Asia-AsianAmerica-American[2013莆III】TheInternetisreallytous.Wecaneasilyfindinfooiationonit.A.boringB.usefu1C.Interesting[2013日照】Maryisso—shecomestoyouwheneveryou"reintrouble.A.usefulB.carefulC.thankfulD.helpful形容词的几个常用句型.2.1・“Itis+adj・+for§b・todosth・表示;对某人来说做某事是怎样的3.Itis+adi・+ofsb・todosth・・意为：某人做某事是怎样的。这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词ItisimportantTomtoworkonhisfather"sfarm.It"sverynecessarystudentstolistentoteacherscarefully.It"sverykindyoutohelpme1.表示能力和意志的形容词，ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式。LeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heissuretogettoschoolontime.II、形容词的比较级、最高级1.分类：形容词冇原级,比较级(“更加/比较・・・・的”)，最高级(“最…•的”).原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。(A)•规则变化：单音节和少数双音节形容词的规则变化.(1)•一般在形容词词尾直接加er构成比较级，直接加est构成最高级，tall-**taller-*tallest,long-*longer—*longest,short-*shortest(2).以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，只需加r构成比较级，加st构成最高级。nice—nicer—nicest,fine—finer—finest,large—larger—largest(3).以辅一元一辅结尾的重读闭音节形容词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级，big—bigger—biggest,hot—hotter—hottest,red—redder-^reddest ()Itwasyesterdaythantoday.A.HotB.hoterC.hotterD.thehottest(1).以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，先把y变为i,再加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级，busyfbuier—busiest,easy—easier—easiest.(2)部分双音节形容词和多音节形容词在原级前加more构成比较级，在原级前加most构成最高级，tiring-^moretiring—mosttiring,relaxing-^morerelaxing-^mostrelaxing,beautifulmorebeautiful^mostbeautiful（B）不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好;（身体）好的,bad,badly糟糕的，糟糕地worse更糟糕的，更糟糕地；（身体）更不舒服的worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；（身体）最不舒服的诃（身体）不舒服的many许多的（可数）加O/T更多的；更mostM多的；最much许多的（不可数）;非常little少的less更少的least最少的为/•远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的（地）furthest最深刻的（地）2•形容词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：一、原级的用法1.只能修饰原级的词，very,quite,so,too,ratherHeistootiredtowalkon.Theweatherlooksratherbad.(天气看上去相当糟)Iamso也陛W(我是如此的快乐)()Thegirlwasafraidshethrewherbagaway.A>so,thatB.too,toC.too,thatDmuchthinner()ThingsareworsethanIthoughtA.moreB.fewC・veryD・much【2013北京】Debbieisgrowingfast.Sheiseventhanhermother.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest2•句子使用比较级的三大标志：乩当句中含有than—词时，句子一般使用比较级，结构：“形容词比较级+than…・”，意为：“比…更加……”・TomistallerthanKate.)IthinkChineseisthanmaths. A•InterestingB.moreinterestingC.mostinterestingD(倍数・1)+比较级+thanThisroomisfivetimesasbigasthatone=Thisroomisbiggerthanthatone.b).notas...as与比较级的转换A+notas...as+B—>A+比较级(反义词的比较级)+than+BtB+比较级+than+AMaryisnotasoldasTom・=MaryisTom.=TomisMary.Thisbookisnotasexpensiveasthatone=Thisbookisthanthatone=Thatbookisthanthisone.2).比较级与最高级的转换a),the+最高级+of/in+anyother+单数名词b).比较级+than+theother+复数名词+anyoneelse<+anyoftheother+复名c).Nobodyelse+比较级+than Tomisthetallestboyinourclass・Tomistallerthanboyinourclass-Tomistallerthaninourclass.istallerthanTominourclass.五•级别的惯用法1.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越來越……”。Heisgettingtallerandtaller.2.“thc+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou"11make.3.“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……"表示“甲是两者中较……的”。(ofthetwins/parents...)Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo.4.当adj的最高级前有物主代词，名词所有格，指示代词时，不用the.Thisismybestbookofall.5.相比较的前后两部分必须是同类比较.Mypencilislongerthan(you).6.比较时不能与自身相比注：当相比较的两者属于同一范围/类别时，为了与自身相比较，要用anyother+单数名词.若两者不属于同一范围/类别时，不必用other,直接用any+单数名词.Heistallerthanboyinhisclass・Heistallerthanboyinourclass.A.anyB.anyother7.有些含有比较级的句子里，常用that(单数、不可数名词)、those(复数名词)代替前面提到的词，以避免重复。TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthaninGuangzhouinwinter.Theboysinourclassaremorethaninyourclass.练习题1.Nowtheairinourhometownisthanitwasbefore.Somethingmustbedone.A.muchbetterB.moreworseC・morebetterD.muchworse2.-Ourholidaywas•-Yes.I"veneverhad.A.suchgreat;abetteroneB.greatly;agoodoneC.sogreat;abetteroneD・verygood;thebestone 1.-Whydon"tyouaskTomtodoit?—Idorftknowwhetherheisto.Hesometimesmakesthingsworse. A.possibleB.ableC.afraidD.easy1.ThecoatIboughtlastweekistoobigforme.Fdliketochangeitforaone.A.smallB.largeC.nicerD.smaller2.Whynotmakeakiteyourself?Youdon"tneedforit.A.anythingspecialB.somethingspecialC.specialanythingD.specialsomething3.youeatbutter,creamandchocolate,youwillbecome.A.Themore;thethinnerB.Theless;thefatterC.More;fatterD.Themore;thefatter4.Theoldmannextdoorwasfoundinthelivingroom.Maybehediedfromaheartattack・A.deadB.dieC.dyingD.death5.IpaidavisittoMrsSmithyesterdayevening.Shedidn^tlook,butshesaidshewasgettingonallright.A.asworriedaseverB.ashappyasusualC.happierthanD.ashappilyasusual6.Yangwonthewomen"s500metersinthesportsmeeting.Shedidofall.A.bestB.betterC.well10.-It"ssocoldtoday.A.some—Yes,it"sB.moreD.good_colderthanitwasyesterday.C.veryD.much11.一It"sanicecar.haveyoubeeninit?・・JusttoShanghai.A.HowmuchB.HowlongC.HowsoonD.Howfar12.-Georgelooksstrong.Hasheeverbeensick?—He"sasuperman!Hegoestothedocto匚三、易错点点拨：1.比较级的形式误用。(1)Yourroomismoreandmoredirty.Youhadbettercleanit.(2)Ourschoolisbecomingmorebeautifulandmorebeautiful.Io2.比较级的修饰词用法混淆。MyEnglishisverybetterthanyours・3.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法相混淆。Ithinkthecarisfastestofallthethree・4.比较的对象不一致。 TheweatherinBeijingisworsethanShanghai.1.形容词和副词用法混淆。MyEnglishteacheralwaystalksfriendlywithus.我们英语老师总是友好地和我们交谈。