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冠词一、复习概要(一)冠词分类:不定冠词(a/an)>定冠词(he、零冠词(即不用冠词的情况)(二)不定冠词a/an的用法如下:1.表示人或事物的某一类(含义相当于一类事物的任何一个)Adictionaryisausefulbook.Anundergroundtraincanstartandstopquickly.2.用于表示数量、时间的名词前,表示“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。例女口:inadayortwo,onceaweek.3.泛指某人或某物,但未具体说明何人、何物,如:Aboyiswaitingforme.Givemeapen,please.4.用在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”,如:asecondapple,afourthgirl5.用于某些固定短语中如:afew,alittle,alotof,anumberof,justaminute,inahurry,forawhile,foralongtime,a_cupof,abottleof,havearest,haveatalk,haveafever,haveagoodtime,have(take)awalk,haveatoothache,takeabath,givealesson基至法则二」用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。值得注意的是:A.这些字母前血要加an:A,E,F,H,I,L,M,N,0,R,S,X。B.如果不定冠词后面第•个词以元育•字母u开头,视具发音而定°如果u发辅音,则用a。例如:auniversity,ausefulbook如果u发元音,则用an。例如:anuncle,anunhappydayC.如果不定冠词后面第•个词以不发音的h开头,而h后血第•个咅的咅素是元咅因素,则用an。例如:anhour,anhonestboyD.如果不定冠词和名词前有其他词,不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后而第一个词的语咅形式。例如:anactress,abeautifulactress«(三)定冠词the用法如下:1.指彼此都知道的人或事物,如:Openthedoor,please.Goandclosethewindow.2.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,如:Thegirlinredismysister.ThemanoverthereisourEnglishteacher.Thebookonthedeskismine.3.指前面提到过的人或事物,如:Hereisapictureofamoderncarfactory・Myfatherworksinthefactory.4.用在序数词和形容词最高级前,在方位词丽。如:TheNileisthelongestriverintheworld.
Hewonthefirstprize.Thesunrisesinthecast.1.用在某些形容词、过去分词前,表示一类人或事物,如:therich,thesick,thenew,thefalse,thekilled2.用在批界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。如:theearth,theuniverse,theeast3.用在某些专用名词前,如:theGreatWallthePeople"sRepublicofChinatheUnitedNationstheNetherlands&在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面,如:theNorthChinaPlaintheRockyMountainstheYangtseRiver9.用在姓氏的复数形式前,如:theGreens格林一家10.用在兀器前,表弹奏某类乐器,如:playtheguitar,playthepiano11.在一些习惯用语中,如:inthemorning/afternoon/evening,intheday,bytheway,alltheyeararound,theotherday,atthesametime(四)零冠词——不用冠词的情况1.专有名词如:人名,地名,节LI,月份,年份,星期和不可数名词(一般指物质名词和抽象名词)前一般不用冠词。如:China,BeihaiPark,March2.名词前面已有用作定语的this,that,my,Jim^,some,any,no等代词作定语时,不用冠词。如:Theletterisfrommyfather.Ihaveabookinmyhand・3.在复数名词表示一类人或事物时,如:Horsesareusefulanimals・Ilikecakes.4.在节日名称、称呼语和表示只有一个人担任的头衔或职务的名词前、季节前。如:TodayisSunday.Springisthebestseasonintheyear.Children,sDaySir,whereistherestroomplease?5.球类,棋类,语言,三餐,游戏名称和颜色前不加冠词。如:Iliketoplaybasketball・Wehavelunchatschool.6.在某些同定搭配和习惯用语屮,如:gotoschool,beinhospital,beinprison二、特别提示:
(一)在school,college,university,hospital,prison,church,class,table,bed等表示机构名称、组织名称和家具的名词前,用定冠词和用不定冠词意义冇旁异。用定冠词强调处所,而不用定冠词意义有所引申。比较:(二)attable就餐atthetable坐在桌边gotoschool去上学gototheschool去这个学校inhospital住院inthehospital在这家医院gotochurch做礼拜gotothechurch到教堂inclass在课堂上intheclass在班级里在某些词前用不同冠词(定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词),意义人不相同,例如:alittle/few有一点liitle/few几乎没有anumberof许多thenumberof的数冃infrontof在刖面(外部的前面)inthefrontof在刖部(内部的前面)takeplace发生taketheplaceof代替outofthequestion根本不可能outofquestion没有问题foramoment片亥forthemoment暂吋真例1题选讲Canyouplavguitar,Tom?2015,成都中考A.aB.anC.the答案:c提示:弹奏乐器为play+the+乐器名例2Fmsoingtobebasketballplaver.2014,成都中考A.theB.aC.an答案:B提示:“成为一名篮球运动员”,泛指,且是辅音发音开头的单词,因此选a。例3一LeTsplaysocce匚一Goodidea!Dovouhavesoccerball?A・aB.an2013,成都中考c.不填答案:A提示:“你冇足球吗?”泛指,且是辅音发音开头的单词,选a。
实战演练之一冠词选择填空:()1.Shecanplaypiano,butshecan"playfootball.A.the,theB.the,/C./,theD.a,a()2.Thereisintheword“six",and"叮isthefirstletteroftheword.A.a,theB・a,anC・an,theD.a,a()3.Whoarethoseboys?Oneismybrotherand・A.thebigboyisMikeB.abigisMikeC・thebigboyisaPeterD・abigboyisaPeter()4.ThelittleboywishestobeA.LeiFengB・theLeiFengC.thisLeiFengD・aLeiFeng()5.Tom"sbrotherhitBobonnose・A.hisB.theC.itsD.a()6.fineweatherwehavetoday!Let"sgoswimming.A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa)7・Wecanseethesunindaytime,butwecantseeitatnight.A.a,theB.the,/()8.Whatitis!A.aheavyrainB・heavyrain()9.timewehadattheparty!A.WhatwonderfulC.a,/D.an,/C.aheavyrainsD.heavyrainsB.WhatawonderfulC・HowwonderfulD・Howawonderful()10.-Excuseme,canyoutellmewaytoXinhuaBookstore?一Goalongthisroad,andthenturntorightatfirstcrossing,atendofthestreet,youcanfindit.A.the,a,the,the,theB.a,the,the,a,theC.the,the,the,a,theD.the,the,the,the,the()11.Februaryisthesecondmonthoftheyear.A.TheB.AC./D.an()12・Greenswerehavingbreakfastatseventhismorning.A.AB.AnC./D.The()13.Thereis800-metre-ongbridgeovertheriver.A.aB.anC.theD./()14.numberofthestudentsareplayingbasketballontheplayground.A.A,aB.The,theC.The,aD.A,/()15.TheyoftentakeawalkinBeiHaiPark.A.theB.aC./D.this)16.Theoldmanwasillinhospital.D.anA.theB./C.a()17・BeijingiscapitaofPeople"sRepublicofChina.A・a,the,theB.the,the,/C.the,the,theD.the,a,the()18.Thereis“h"intheword“photo".A.aB.anC.theD./()19.Pleasepayattentiontoyourspelling・YoiTvedropped“nThere.A.theB.anC.aD./
参考答案:14.D1.B2.C3.A4.D5.B6.C7.B8.A9.B10.D11.C12.D13.B15.C16.B17.B18.B19.B