小学和初中英语语法精讲及习题训练(非常详细) 191页

七年级英语语法强化训练Contents专题一代词专题二名词专题三冠词专题四数词专题五形容词专题六副词专题七介词专题八情态动词专题九动词专题十一般现在时专题十一现在进行时专题十二一般过去时专题十三一般将来时专题十四简单句专题十五并列句专题十六Therebe句型参考答案另附一个文件夹专题一代词 目标定位1.熟练掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式以及基本用法，并能在口语和书而表达中正确运用。初学者应重点关注主格和宾格。2.掌握形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的基木用法。形容词性物主代词多用作定语；名词性物主代词多用作主语和宾语。3.掌握反身代词作为宾语的基本用法。4.掌握指示代词和疑问代词的基木用法。尤其是this和that,it与one的区别。疑问代词中重点把握which与what,who的区别。5.掌握常见的不定代词和复合不定代词的含义和用法。这部分是难点，应结合具体语境练习。重点扌巴握both与all,either与neither,each与every,theother与another,none与noone的区别。第一课时语法梳理人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词一、代词的定义及分类不定代词关系代词代词的分类疑问代词相互代词代词是代替名词或相当于名词的一•种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。在句子中使用代词是为了避免同一名词的重复出现。英语中的代诃按其意义、特征及在句了中的作用可分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。二、人称代词表示“我”、“你"、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称ImeweUS第二人称YouyouYouYou第三人称hehimtheythemsheHer•■Itit1.人称代词的主格形式作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。如:Iamateacher.Youareastudent.Heisastudent,too.我是老师，你是学生，他也是学生。We/You/Theyarestudents我们/你们/他们是学生。2.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对彖。Giveittome.把它给我。 Lefs(lefs=letus)go.我们走吧。三、物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，也可叫代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，其人称和数的变化见下表：类另*单数复数第一人称第二人称第•二人称第一人称第二人称第三人称IT词形性代myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容物主词性代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)后面接名词，而名词性物主词则相当于“形容词性物主代词十名词",故其后不必加名词。如：—Isthisyourbook?这是你的书吗？・・No,itisn*t.It"shers(herbook)0不是，是她的。Thispenismine.这支钢笔是我的。四、反身代词myself我自己yourself你自己himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己ourselves我们£|己yourselves你们门己themselves他们口己功能1.在句中作同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，表示“亲tr等意。2•用在一些固定搭配中。如：cometooneself恢复知觉，teachoneself自学如：Ididmyhomeworkmyself.我自己完成了作业。1wanttoseethemanagerhimself.我要见经理本人。五、疑问代词1.who/whom/whose(1)who在句中做主语、表语和动词宾语。(2)whom是who的宾格形式，在句中作宾语。(3)whose在句中作主语、宾语和表语。2.what/who(1)what询问事物或某人的职业。 (2)who询问，某人的身份、姓名。3.which(1)what指不定数目屮的“哪一个，哪一些”，没冇一定选择范围。(2)which指一定数目中的“哪一个，哪一些匕有一定的选择范围。如：1•(l)Whorunsfaster?谁跑得更快？Whodidyouspeakto?你在跟谁说话？(2)Withwhomdidyougotoschool?你同谁去了学校？(3)Whosepenisthis?这是谁的钢笔？2.(1)Whatisyourfather?你父亲是干什么的？(2)Whoistheman?这个男人是谁？Whoisyourbestfriend?你最好的朋友是谁？3.(l)Whatcolourdoyoulike?你喜欢什么颜色？⑵Whichcolourdoyoulikebetter,redorgreen?你喜欢哪种颜色，红色还是绿色？如：如：1・(l)Wouldyoulikesomesoup?你想喝些汤六、不定代词1)some多用于肯定句中，用于疑问句中时表示说话者希望得到肯定回答或衣达第求■建议。；2).ny—般用于絶何句、否定句和条件句中•用于肯定句时表示•任何”之意)(1)mimy修饰或秤代町数名词红数.、2.r«any和muoh/1〈(2)mu"修饰或替代不可数名词:金.亠・■(1)川her指•两看屮的任何一个：〉3・either和neithei/-~~—,77"；(2)neitherjfi"卿者中的任何—个都彳、"。4b<>ih和al)⑴呗指“两柯，常g连用」S〈(2)插“T个或二个以上祁”•席勾“连用。不定代词卜.5：euch和every两个或购个以上的人成略物中的毎个鸡•强碣个体.、作主语时谓语动词用单数形式.可与。「搭配"(2)every指•三个或三个以上的人或爭物中的每个"•强调螯体.J只作定语.修饰名词时谓语刁词也耍用单数形式二不为of搭配,6・otheranother^otherRtheother和theothers(1)点打泛指「另外的"•只作定语蛮C(2)・n"h“r泛指“另一个”。♦/(3)。山十泛指•另外一整冬或物”•不能作定语.一、可构成"jwme…otheTE…k结构：、丄4)ih"di“特指两者之中“另外的.其余的”。特捋“另外的一些人或物”，不能作定语。(1)tiltle/alittle修饰不可数名词。7」问从也〈)叶“”修饰可数名诃—吗？(2)1don"thaveanyfriendhere.在这儿我没有任何朋友。2.(1)Manyofmyclassmateslikepopsongs.我许多同学都喜欢流行咅乐。(2)Muchofthehomeworkhasbeendone.大部分家庭作业都做完了。另外，many和much都可以与表示程度副词so,too.as,how连用。如:Therearesomanymistakesinyourcomposition•你作文屮的错误真多。Therewastoomuchrainthissummer.这个夏季雨太多。 1.either和neither常构成固定搭配＜6either/neitherof+名词/代词复数十动词单数"。(1)Eitherofmyparentsisateacher.我父母屮冇一个是老师。(2)Neitherofthemcancometoday.他们没有一个能今天来。2.(1)BothLucyandMaryareAmericans.露西和玛丽都是美国人。(2)AIIthestudentsarewaitingfortheEnglishteacher.所有的学生都在等待英语老师。3.(1)IwritetoLilyeachweek.我每周都给莉莉写信。EachofuslikeswatchingTV我们每一个人都喜欢看电视。(2)Everystudentneedstobecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.过马路的时候学生都应当小心。4.(1)Lilyistallerthananyotherstudent.莉莉比其他任何一位同学都高。(2)1wantanotherapple.我还要一个苹果。(3)1havesomestorybooks.SomeareinChinese,othersareinEnglish.我有一些故事书，一些是汉语的，还有一些是英语的。(4)Therearetwoapples.Oneisforme,theotherisforyou.有两个苹果，一个是给我的，另一个是给你的。(5)Thesefourbooksaremine,theothersareyours.这四本书是我的，余下的都是你的。5.(1)Thereislittletimeleft.没冇多少时间了。Thereisonlyalittlemilkintheglass.杯了里只有一点儿牛奶。(2)Therearefewbananasinthebasket.篮子里几乎没有香蕉了。Afewofusagreewithhim.我们只冇几个人赞同他。，七.复合不定代词some类：someone,somebody,somethingany类：anyone,anybody,anythingevery类:everyone,everybody,everythingno类：none,nobody,nothing1.some类复合不定代词一般用于肯定句屮。用于疑问句时表示说话者希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议。女Thereissomeonewhowantstospeaktoyou.有人想和你说话。Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?你想要吃些什么？2.any复合不定代词一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，用于肯定句时表示“任何意。Isanybodyhere?这儿有人吗?Anyoneofyoucangivemeahand.你们谁帮我一下。3.由・one和・body构成的复合不定代词可以相互换用。女口：anyone—anybody;someone—somebody;everyone—everybodyAJi的用法(1.指代前面提到过的事物。](2.代替指示代词this/thato[3•指代婴儿或不明身份的人。 如：1.1sawamovieyesterday.Itwasinteresting.我昨天看了一场电影，它很有趣。2.1sthatLucyspeaking?是露西吗？-Yes,itis.(=Yes,thisisLucyspeaking.)是的,我是。1.Thebabyiscrying.Itmightbehungry.婴儿正在哭,它可能饿了。Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whomightitbe?有人在敲门。可能是谁呢?4.Itisrainytoday.今天是雨天。Itfsabout20minutes1walkfromheretothetheatre.从这儿到剧院大约20分钟步行的路程。5.(1)IfshardformetosinganEnglishsong.对我来说，唱英语歌很难。(2)Itfstimetogotoschool/It"stimeforschool•该上学了。(3)Itseemsthathehasbeenillforalongtime.似乎他病了一段吋间。(4)It"sclearthatyouaredoingwrong.很明显依做错了。(5)It"syourturntoanswermyquestion.轮到你回答问题了。6.1feelitnecessarytopractisespeakingEnglisheveryday.我觉得有必要每天都练习说英语。基础训练I•选出括号中正确的词。1.Thisis(my/1)mother.2.Nicetomeet(your/you).3.(He/His)nameisMark.4.What"s(she/her)name?5.Excuse(me/my/4).6.Are(your/you)MissLi?7.(I/My)amBen.&(She/Her)ismysister.9.Fine,thank(your/you).10.Howoldis(he/his)?II.用所给词的正确形式填空。1.Theseare(he)brothers.2.Thatis(she)sister.3・Lilyis(Lucy).sister.2.Tom,thisis(me)cousin,Mary.3.Now(sheparent)areinAmerica.4.Doyouknow(it)name?5.Thanksforhelping(I).6.(Ann)motheris(we)teacher.III.选出括号中正确的词将句子补充完整。1.(He,Him,His)motheriswaitingforoutside,(he,him，his,himself) 1.lovecountry,(we,our,us)2.(She,Her,Hers)isagoodwriter,butIdon"treadanybooksof(she,her,hers)3.・Whoisit?-It*s(I,me)5・Mr.Brownisafriendof.(my,mine,me)5.-Thisisdictionary.(my,mine,me)whereis?(your,yours)-It"soverthere,onthetable.6.Thelittleboyistooyoungtolookafter(him,his,himself)・8.1hopeallofyoucanenjoyattheparty,(yourself,yourselves)1.Thechildrendidthewashing(himself,themselves)2.Thesepensare(you,your,yours).Whereare?(us,our,ours)11•ThinkforandyoiTllgettheanswer,(you,your,yours-yourself)12.1wantthemanager,nothissecretary,(him,her,himself,herself).13.Lookatthephoto.ThegirlbesideisNancy.(I,my,me,mine)14.YesterdaywasDad"sbirthday.Igaveascarfasapresent,(his,him,he)15.Pleaseremember:Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(this,that)16.Heisillwaswhyhewasabsentatthemeeting.(This,That)17.—Whois?(this,that,you)—isJimspeaking.(It,This)18.Theflowersinsidearemorebeautifulthanoutside,(ones,that,those,these)19.Withdoyouwanttogo?(who,whom)20—areyou?(Who,What)—Iamastudent.21.—isthatman?(What,Who)—Heismyteacher,Mr.Green.22.ismoreinteresting,thisbookorthat?(What,Which)23.Therearen"tstudentsinclassroom.(some,any)24.Look!boysareplayingfootball.(Some,Any)25.-Wouldyoulikecoffee?(some,any)-Yes,please.26.Hehastooworktodo.(many,much)27.Howbottlesoforangedoyouwanttobuy?(many,much)28.Lily,LucyandKatewanttostayhere,(both,all)29.ofushopestohavefreeweekends.(Every,Each)30.Holditinthishand,nothand・(other,another,theother)IV.根据句意用适当的代词填空。1.Helptofish,LiLei.2.Youaresmokingtoo.You"llhavetogiveup.3.Therearen"tpeoplenearherewhocanhelpme.4.Whydon"tyouaskyourparentsformoney?5.1havegotimportanttotellyou.1.Thetwinswenttothemovie,soofthemwasathome・2.NoonehelpedMary.Shediditallby.8.1can"tfindthepenIwasgivenHaveyouseen?9.-Wehavetobequick・Thetrainstartsat10：35.-Don"tworry.Thereistimetogo.10.-isintheclassroom.Wherearethestudents?-Theyhaveallgonetothelibrary.11.1askedhimforsomeoil,buthedidn"thave.12.Kateandhersisterwentonholidaywithafriendof13.-isherhusband? -Themanonthebike・12.-Whafstheweatherliketoday?-issunny.V.将下列句了译成英语。1.他喜欢你其于我喜欢你。2.他喜欢你甚于他喜欢我。3.你、我、他都按吋冋来了。4.他每天都口己穿衣服。5.昨天我买了一台收音机，可它效果不好。6.这两个男孩都不聪明。7.我不喜欢这个，你能给我再拿一个吗?8.我的词典丢了。我能用一下你的吗?9.我们相互向家人问好。10.我对加拿人的文化知道得很少。第二课时疑难拓展疑难点一：几个人称代词并列作主语时，它们的顺序是：单数形式(you,heandI),复数形式(we,youandthey)□但如杲是承担责任要受责备时，其顺序是：单数形式(I,heandyou),复数形式(we,theyandyou)。如I:You,heandIareofthesameage.你、我、他年龄一样大。IandHanMeibrokethewindow.我和韩梅把窗户打破了。疑难点二：人称代词单独使用吋，常用宾格而不是主格。如：-YouaresupposedtohelpJim.你应该帮助吉姆。■Whyme?为什么是我呢？疑难点三：who/whom作宾语时，常可换用，但who不能直接放在介词后作宾语。女口：Who/Whomareyoulookingfor?你在找谁？Withwhomdidyougototheconcert?你跟谁去看音乐会了？疑难点四:t6some/anyof+……”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词。如：Someofthefoodisbread.其屮一些食物是面包。Someofthemagree,butsomeofthemdon"t.他们中冇些人同意，但是冇些人不同意。疑难点五：some表示“一些”时，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。some修饰可数名词单数时，只表示"某个”,相当于acertaino如：Somepersonisdownstairswaitingtoseeyou.楼下有个人在等着见你。疑难点六:either■和any作“任何"讲时，either表示“两者中的任何一个Jany表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个”。女口：Weplanttreesoneithersideofthestreet.我们在街道的两边都种了树。 Youcanchooseanypersonintheroom.你可以选择房间里而的任何人。疑难点七：each作同位语时，谓语动词应和真正的主语保持一致。如：Weeachhaveagiftfromourteachers.我们每个人都收到了一份我们老师送的礼物。疑难点八:another可以作形容词,表示"另外的,乂，再"，构，成“another^数词十名词‘‘结构。如：You"llhavetogoanothertwomilesbeforeyougetthere.到达那儿前，你还得再走两英里路。疑难点九：表示“两者中的一个另一个"‘用one...theother...；表示“三者或三者以上中的一个另一个"用oneanother如：Ihavetwogoodfriends.Oneisadoctor,theotherisanEnglishteacher.我有两个好朋友。一个是医生，另一个是英语老师。疑难点十：quitealittle“很多"，相当于much。quiteafew"4很多"，相当于many。如：WeneediTthurry.There*squitealittletimeleft.我们不必着急，还有很多剩余吋间呢。Therearequiteafewvegetablesinthefridge.冰箱里冇很多蔬菜。疑难点十一：形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，放在复合不定代词如：There"snothingimportantintoday"snewspaper.在今天的报纸上没右什么重要的报道。Youhavegotone.FIIgivethisonetosomebodyelse.你已经有了一个，我将把这个给其他人。疑难点十二：noone指代人，对其提问用who,其后不跟of结构。none指代人或物，对其提问用howmany/much,其后可跟of结构。如：Noneofthembelievedhisstory.他们中没有一个人相信他的故事。-Whoknowstheanswertothequestion?谁知道这道题的答案？-Noone.没有人(知道)。能力提升1•单项选择。()1.-Yourbagisquitenice.Wheredidyoubuy?-InBeijing.Doyouwanttohavelikethis?A.it;oneB.it;itC.one;itD.one;one()2.-docsyourcousinlooklike?-He"stallandthin.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhoD.Which()3.encil-boxisbeautiful.Butismorebeautifulthan.A.Tom;my;heB.Tomfs;mine;isC.Tom"s;mine;himD.Tom"s;my;his()4.Don"tyoulethelpyou?A.IandmyfriendB.myfriendandIC・myfriendandmeD.meandmyfriend()5.-Arethesebooksyours?-Yes.areA.They;oursB.They;ourC・My;themD.Them;I()6.""Don"tworry.There"swrongwithyou畀saidthedoctorA.nothingB.everythingC・somethingD.anything()7.1can"trepairthemodelship.Canyouhelp?A・me;meB.myself;myselfC.myself;meD.me;myself ()8-・Hainanisreallyabeautifulcityandthere"remanyplacesofinterest.■Soitis.Whynotstayherefortwodays?A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.another()9.Look!Therearemanytallbuildingsonsideofthestreet.A.bothB.eitherC.allD.neither()10.—Isreadyforthesportsmeeting?—No.Wehaven"tgotapairofsportsshoes.A・everythingBsomethingC・nothingD.anything.()11.-Whichtieismoresuitableforme,theblueoneorthecolourfulone?-Ihavenoidea.You"dbettertakethem.A.allB.eachC.everyD.both()12・-Fivecakes,please!-Onlyonecakeleft.Wouldyouliketohavelittlegirl?A.oneB.itC.thisD.that()13.・Haveyousentyourparentsane-mailtellingthemyouarrivedsafely?-No.ofthemcanuseacomputer.A.None~~.BothC.NeitherD.All()14.—didMeWangleaveinahurry?—Perhapstomeetafriend.Whoknows?A.HowB.WhereC.ForwhatD.Withwhom()15.Mr.Lihastwochildren.isadriver,and_isateacher.A.One;anotherB.()ne;theotherC.One;otherD.()ne;others()16.Bequiet!Ihavetotellyou.A.importantanythingB.anythingimportantC.importantsomethingD.somethingimportant()17.1doitthinkwe"vemetbefore・YouTetakingmefor.A.someotherB.someoneelseC.otherpersonD.elsesomeone()18.-Lucy,goandcleanthefloor.-Why?A.IB.myselfC.meD.my()19•・1sawJimintheclub.Buthedidn"tspeaktomeevening.・Maybehedidn"tseeyou.A.allB・everyC.eitherD.anotherII・下列各句中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1.Don"tleavelittleTomathomebyhim.误：正：.2.Whomdoyouthinkisthetallestinyourclass7误:正：.3・Hecoveredhiseyeswithhands・误：正：.1.Afriendofmehasgoneabroad.误：正：.2.NoneofthetwoboysaregoodatEnglish.误：正：.3.Herearethreeapples.Youcantakeeitherofthem.误：正：.4.Whatdoyoulikebetter,thisoneorthatone7误：正：・5.Pleasepassmetheboxes,theoneunderthetable・ 误：1E：1.LittleofthemhavebeentoAmerica.误：正：2.Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourdiary.误:正：11•Manyofmyfriendslivesabroad.误：正：12.MayIkeepthebooklittlelonger?误：IE：13.Weneedn"thurry.Wehavelittletimeleft.误：IE：・14.Thebooksonthetablearenewerthanonesinmyschoolbag.误：止：15.Neitherofthefilmswesawlastnightarcgood.误:正:III.将画线部分改为作宾语的人称代词，使下列各句成为完整的句子。I.TheSmithsareathome.Thechildrenarewith•2•丄wanttohaveahamburger.CanyoushowthewaytotheMcDonald"s?1.Jack,comehere!Dadwantstotalkto.2.Mummyistired.Pleasehelpcleanthekitchen.3.Wearchavingaparty.Cometojoin.疑难突破：【.用适当的代词填空，完成短文。]nameisTom.2livewithmygrandparentsandparentsinasmalltown.Mygrandfatherhasnohair.3headisbald（禿头的）•Mygrandmotherlikestotie（系，扎）4hairatthebackasatuft（发髻）.5bothretired（退休的）.6onlysonismyfather.gotmarriedwithmymothertenyearsago.8usedtobe（过去是）ateacherbutnowsheisahousewifeandlooksaftermysisterand9_.Sometimes10arenaughty（淘气的）butshenevergetsangrywith11.MysisterYan,istwoyearsyoungerthan12,andshecannotdohomeworkby13•SoIalwayshelpher.Thereisonetemporary（临H寸的）memberin14family.15isarabbitcalledKitty.Thepetisnot16Atbelongsto17neighbourMr.Black.18hasgoneto（去了）ShanghaiforameetingandcannottakecareofKitty.Wearegladtohelpbecause19funnymovements（动作）alwaysmake20laugh.II•单项选择。（）1.—Whichdoyoupreferteaorcoffee?―isOK.Idon"tcare.A.EitherB.NeitherC.Both()2.-Look,that"sMike,yourclassmate.一Yes,Let"sgoandsayhelloto.A.himB.heC.HerD.hers()3.一Look!Doyouknowmanunderthetree?-Sorry.Ifstoofartoseeclearly.A.this;himB.that,hisC.this;herD.that;him()4.—Whichofthecapswillyoutake? ■I"lltake,oneformyfather,theotherformybrother.A.neitherB.bothC.all()5.—Whohelpedyoucleantheclassroomyesterday?-.Icleaneditallbymyself.A.SomebodyB.NobodyC.Everybody()6.—CanIhavesomemoreicecream,Mum?—Sorry.Thereisleftinthefridge.A.noneB.nothingC・nooneD・anything()7.-ExcusemeIwanttobuysomestamps.WherecanIfindapostoffice?—Iknownotfarfromhere・Youcaneasilyfind.A.that;itB.it;oneC.one;it()8.ofthehatssuitedhim，soJackhadtotryonthethirdone・A.NeitherB.EitherC.Both()9•一Isthewomanateacher?-Yes.SheteachesEnglish.A.youB.usC.ourD・your()10.—Haveyougotreadyforthesportsmeeting?-Notyet.Westillhavetodo.A.anything;nothingB.something;everythingC.everything;something()11.Don!twearjeans,orwonftbeallowedtogototheconcert.A.IB.youC.they()12.—Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?•Theyareallinthelab.A.SomeB.NoneC.AllD.Neither()13.—Idon"tknowtodonext.一It"seasy.Presstheredbuttonin2minutes.A・whatB.howC.whereD.when()14・・-Excuseme,isthisnewcamera?—Yes,ifs•A.your;myB.your;mineC.yours;myD.yours;mine()15.Emma,canyouintroducetoAlice?Iwanttomeether.A.himB.hisC・meD.my专题二名词目标定位1•理解并区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词。尤其是集合名词有两种用法的，比如：family表示“家人”时，既可做可数名词，也可做不可数名词。在不可数名词屮重点把握对物质名词和抽彖名词的理解和区分。这是重点.也是难点，学生不易理解。1.熟练掌握所学可数名词复数的构成。尤其是一些名词的不规则变化，比如：negroes黑人；heroes英雄：tomatoes西红柿；potatoes土豆；述冇一些没冇规则的变化更要注意，比如：tooth的复数是teeth；mouse的复数是mice等等2.掌握名词所有格的表达方法，特别注意双重所有格的用法。特别是当代词与所有格同吋修饰一个名词时，要用双重所有格，比如：anyfriendofTom"s汤姆的任何一位朋友；somehousesofmyfather^我父亲的一些房子，等等。4•理解专有名词的概念和一些用法。注意通常不与冠词连用.但若表示某姓的一家人，可以加冠词，比如：TheSmithsarecomingtoourpartytonight.史密斯一家来参加我们的聚会。表示“一个叫……的人”，“一”可以加冠词a/an?比如：aSmith可以表示“一个叫史密斯的人”，等等。 1.掌握名词的语法功能。尤其是名词作定语的用法，比如：dressshop服装店；warstory战争故事，等等。第一课时语法梳理一、名词的分类名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。（一）普通名词指一类人或事物的共有名称，义可分为可数名词和不可数名词。普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词乂分为个体名词：表示个別人或事物的名词，如:table桌子，lawyer律师；集合名词表示一群人或许多东西的总称。不可数名词又分为物质名词:表示物质或材料的总称，女口：water水，snow雪；抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、情感等抽象名词。（二）专有名词专有名词：表示具体的人、事物、国家、地方、机构、组织等，其实词的首字母必须大写。如：Beijing,theWTO,SARS,Mr.Green等。二、名词的数可数名词有单复数形式，而不可数名词通常没有复数形式。表示一个人或一件事物用单数，表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。（一）可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数构成如2规则变化：1.一般情况，在名词词尾加・s。2.以辅音字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词，在词尾加・es。3.以o结尾的名词，一般在词尾加・s。特例巧记：英雄喜欢吃土豆、西红柿。4.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，一般先将y变为i,再加・es.5.以f/fe结尾的名词，先将f/fe变为v,再加弋s。6.以辅音字母加y结尾的专有名词，加・s。图表解读：1•清辅音后发/s/,如：cats;浊辅音后发/z/,女口：bagSo2.读作/z/・女口：buses,boxes,watches,fisheso3.女口：zoos,radios,只有negro,hero,potato,tomato四个单词后加・es,都读作/z/。4.读作/zA如：cities,babieso5.读/vz/,这类词冇：thief小偷，self自身，knife刀，shelf架子，loaf一条而包，wolf狼.sheaf捆，calf小牛，half半.wife妻子，life生命.leaf叶子等。这类词都把f或fe变成・veso【记忆口诀】小偷自己都有刀，站在架后旁边切面包，狼捆着小牛抢一半，妻子的生命靠树叶保。但也有直接在词尾加・s的情况，读/fs/。女口：beliefs,proofs等。6.以辅音字母加y结尾的专有名词直接加一s.女口：Marys□不规则变化：1）“某国人”的单复数变化：屮日友好是一致，英法联盟a变e。其他一律加s。2）单复数同形。3）元音发生变化。 4）词尾加・en或5）复合名词单复数变化。6）字母数字、引语或缩略词变复数。国表解读.1.“某国人”的单复数变化：中口不变（Chinese…Chinese；Japanese—Japanese）,英法变（Englishman・Englishmcn；Frenchman—Frenchmen）・其余在后边加・s。如：American—Americans；German・Ger-mans;Australian-Australians.2•单复数同形。如：fish-fish;sheep-sheep;deer-deero1.元音发生变化。如:man-men；foot-feeto2.词尾加・cn或・ren。女［I：child…children,ox-oxen（牛）。3.复合名词单复数变化：⑴主要词改为复数。女II：boystudent—boystudents；father-in-law——fathers-in-law（2）含man或woman的复合名词，前后两词都要改为复数形式。如：mandoctor—mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers.4.字母、数字、引语或缩略词变复数.一般在词后加-d也可以加如:threea9s（三个a）1990s/19901（20世纪90.年代）。5.其他情况。如medium…media媒体。（-）不可数名词的数不可数名词的特殊复数形式：1•物质名词和抽彖名词一般是借助“数间丁量词+of+不可数名词”结构来表示一定的数量。量词可以是单数.也可以是复数，但of后的不可数名词只能用原形。如：aglassofwater两杯水，twoglassesofwater两杯水。2.当物质名词转化为个体名词时，视为可数名词，有复数形式。如：water（水）…-waters（大水，洪水）3.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，视为可数名词.冇复数形式，如fish,作鱼的“条数"讲时，复数形式为fish;作鱼的“种类"讲时.复数为fisheso4.当物质名词表示份数时，视为可数名词.有复数形式。女口.acoffee—杯咖啡，twocoffees两杯咖啡。5.抽象名词在■些固定词组中可用做可数名词。如：catchacold感冒.havearest休息。三、名词所有格名词所有格：名词在句屮表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格.有三种形式：(-)所有格表示冇生命的名词的所冇格。1・一般在名词词尾加一s。如：Lily"sbag。2.若名词以s结尾，直接在词尾加"。如：Teachers1Dayo(二)of所冇格表示无生命的名词的所冇格，结构为“the+名词+of+the/物主代词十名词S如：thewindowoftheroom房间的窗户。(三)双重所有格：・"s所有格和of所有格结合在一起表示的所有关系。1.of+名词所冇格。如：afriendofLucy*s露西的一位朋友。2.of+名词性物主代词。如：afriend,ofmine我的一位朋友。四、名词的句法功能1.作名词如：thecarwillsitsixpeople.这车可以坐六个人。2.作宾语如：weloveourcountry.義们热爱我们的祖国。3•作表语如I：heisagooddoctor•.他是位好医生。1.作宾语补足语如：Mikeisconsideredagoodmonitor.迈克被认为是一个好班长。 1.作定语如：bloodtype血型；dressshop服装店2.作状语女II：Themeetinglastedtwohours,[h!忆持续了两个小时。3.作同位语女II：Mr.Chen,ourmanager,hasgonetoBeijing.陈先生，我们的经理，己经去了北京。五、记忆口诀1・名词单数变复数规则单数变复数，规则要记住；一般加s,特:殊有几处；/tJ7,/J/,/s/结尾,CS不离后；末位字母0,大多加S;两人(negro,hero)有两菜(potato,tomato),es不离口；词尾f,fe,s,前有v和e;没有规则，必须单独记。1.名词所有格名词所冇格，表示是“谁的"；若为生命词，加"s叫卩可行；词尾有s,仅把逗号择；并列名词后，各门和共有；而者分别加，后者最后加；若为无生命，of所有格；前后需倒置，此是应规则。基础训练1.写出下列名词的复数形式。I.pencil-box2.leaf3.Sunday4.city1.dress6.match7.zoo8.exam9.German10.foot11・Englishman12.JapaneseII.翻译下列短语或句1-八杯2.三筐橘子1.房问的三扇窗户4.一个小男孩的名字5.十分钟的步行路程6・四名美国女教师2.吉姆和凯特的妈妈8.五份咖啡9.桌上有一条裤子。10.汤姆叔叔是我爸爸的朋友。III・根据括号内所提供的词或首字母提示，在空白处填入正确的词。LIhavealotof(homework)todoeveryday.2.Some(child)areflying(kite)neartheriver・3.Itisthebestoneofthe(photo)inmyfamily.4.Aretheybuildingany(library)inthecity?5.Canyoucutthisbigpearintotwo(half)?6.Afterthree(month)study,thescientistsworkedoutthephysicsproblem.7.(tree)areplantedinmostofthemountainvillages8.1likea.It"sneitherhotnorcold.9.TcomesafterMonday.10.Hereisacardforyouwithourbest(wish).11•Therefredifferent(fish)inthesea.12・Thousandsofpeoplelosttheir(life)inthedisaster.13.Couldyoutellmehowmany(boystudent)wereattheparty?14.Jim"sdrawingismuchbetterthananyofhis(classmate)15.Thisisa(visitor)car.Mineisoverthere.IV用扌舌号内单词的适当形式补全短文。 Thenewtenniscoming.Jackneedstobuyalotof1(thing)forthenewschoolyear.First,heneedssome2(notebook),afew3(pencil),some4(clip),a5(box)ofcolourpencils,an6(eraser),some7(tape)fortheEnglishclassanda8(ruler).Besides,hehastobuytwo_9(dictionary)andtwo10(sharpener).Whydoeshehavetobuytwobecausehistwinbrotheralsoneedsadictionaryandasharpener.第二课时疑难拓展：疑难点一：专有名词的第一个字母必须大写，但其山的虚词如冠词、介词等的第一个字母一般不大写。如：theUnitedStatesofAmericao疑难点二：集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。当强调这个集体的成员时•谓语动词则用复数形式。如I：Myfamilyisveryhappy.我的家庭很幸福。MyfamilyarewatchingTV.我的家人在看电视。疑难点三：某些以・s结尾的学科、书、剧本、报纸、朵志等名词，虽以・s结尾但它们是单数。如:politics;theUnitedStates等。疑难点四：由两个部分构成的名词，若表示具体数H,要借助量词pair•来表示。如：apairofshoes,twopairsofglasses0疑难点五：fish作“:ftr讲吋，是可数名词，单复数同形；作“各种鱼类％井吋，是可数名词，变复数吋在词尾加・es；作“血肉"讲吋，为不可数名词。如：Iatetwofishlastnight.昨晩我吃了两条鱼。Therearemanyfishesinthelake.湖里有很多种鱼。疑难点六：people是集体名词，但作“民族”讲时，可用复数peopleso女口：Therearemanypeoplesintheworld.世界上冇许多民族.疑难点七：people表示“人们呻寸，只有复数形式。。要表示“一个人"，只能说“apersorT。“两个或两个以上的人”可以用persons或"people表示。疑难点八：有些不可数名词表达不同含义时是可数名词，表示具体的人或物。女口：danger危险；adanger-个危险的人或一件危险的事。疑难点九：名词通常用差熬形式作定语但有些名词耍用复数形式作定语。女n：twobookstores;aclothesshop.疑难点十：“数词+名词十形容词"构成的复合形容词作定语时，中间的名词只能用单数形式。如：afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩。疑难点十一：有生命的名词的一s所有格与of所有格可互换。如：thegirfsname一thenameofthegirl疑难点十二：无生命的名词，一般用of所冇格，但表示时间、距离、国家、地点、长度、重量、价格等无生命的名词，也可以・"s所有格。如：fiveminutes"ride；toda/snewspaper；Beijing"sbridges等。疑难点十三：如果两个名词并列，并且分别有,s,则表示“分别有S如果只是最后一个名词后有・"s・贝!J表示"共有如：Lily*sandJohn*sfathers莉莉的父亲和约翰的父亲。MaryandLuc/sroom玛丽和露西共同的房间。疑难点十四：所有格后而的名词在下而两种情况下可省略：1.为了避免重复，如果第一个名词所有格修饰的词在上文小已经提到过，或两个名词所有格所修饰的词相同，往往可以省略第二个所有格后的名词。如：It"snotJanetmistake,butJack*s.2.表示店铺、医院、诊所、学校、住宅、公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。如;atthebarber"s在理发店。疑难点十五:else常用于不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词后，表示“另外，其他二所有格为else"so如:Whoelse"sbookisthis?疑难点十六：双重所冇格中带冇一t所冇格的名词必须是明确限定的指人的名词，of前面的名词前通常有a,an,this, that,any等词对名词进行限定。如I：afriendofmyfather^；anyfriendofLiMing"so疑难点十七：of所有格和双重所有格of所有格：aphotoofJack杰克的一张照片(照片上是杰克)。双重所有格：aphotoofJack*s杰克所拥有的照片屮的一张(照片上不一定是杰克)。能力提升：I•单项选择。()1.Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikeintime?A.20years"B.20year*sC.20-years"D.20-years()2.…Hurryup,Jane!…Justgivemefiveminutestoputmydeskin.A.timeB.lineC.orderD.shape()3.Hey!Ifyouwanttoknowsomethingaboutnewcartoons-,havealookatthis.It!sgreat・A.timeB.websiteC.photoD.rock()4.1boughtChinaDailyfromanewsstandthismorning.A.apageofB.apieceofC・acopyofD.abookof()5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A・AnneandJaneB.Anne"sandJane"sC.Anne"sandJane・D.AnneandJane"s()6.Twobagsareonthetable.They"re.A.thetwins1B.thetwiifC.twinsD・twin"s•()7.-CanIhelpyou?-Fdlikeformytwindaughters・A.twopairofshoesB.twopairsofshoeC.twopairofshoeD.twopairsofshoes()8.Swimmingisinsummer.A.agreatfunB.greatfunC.greatfunsD.greatafun()9.Whatdoyouhaveforbreakfast?…Ioftenhaveor.A.breads;noodlesB.bread;noodlesC・breads;noodleD.bread;noodle)10.TheygotmuchontheInternet.A.photoB.ideasC・messageD.information)11.—Excuseme,isthesupermarketfarfromhere?一No,it"saboutA.7-minuteswalkB.7minutewalkC.7minutes1walkD.7minute"swalk)12・Hehadsomethingtowritedownandaskedmefor.A.apaperB.somepapersC.somepiecesofpapersD.apieceofpaper)13.Therearetwointhecity.A.car"sfactoryB.car"sfactoriesC.factoriesofcar"sD.carfactories)14.HissistefsEnglishisbetterthaninherclass.A.anyoneelseB.anyone"sC.anyone"selseD.anyoneelse"s)15—Arethose?—No,theyaren*仁TheyTe.A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cowsD.sheeps;cow)16.Lotsofthingsaremadeof.Wemustprotect•A・woods;woodsB・woodwoodC.wood;woodsD.woods;wood)17.PmsorryIamlate.I hopeIdidn"tcauseyou•A.toomuchtroubleB.somanytroublesC.muchtootroubleD.somoretroubles)1&…Wouldyoulike?-一Thankyou;butPmnotthirsty.A.somesandwichesB.somemooncakesC・somebreadD.someorange)19.Hedroppedtheandbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee"scupC・cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup)20.isniceandclean.A.Theairtoday.B.ThetodayairC.TheairofthetodayD.Thetodayofair)21.■一What"sinthe?■一Therearesomeandinthem.A.photos;potatoes;radiosB.photos;potatoes;radioesC.photoes;potatos;radiosD.photos;potatos;radios)22.—Wheredoyoucomefrom?•—Icomefrom.Pman.A.Japan;JapaneseB・America;AmericanC.England;EnglishD.Australian;Australian)23.Thiscomputeris.A.mybrotherB.mybrothersC.mybrother"sD.my)24.Putonyourquickly.A.aclothB.theclothesC.clothD.clothes)25.Ourteachergaveme•A.manyadvicesB.muchadvicesC.manyadviceD.muchadvice()26.Attheendofthematch,ourschoolwonby3:2.A.membersB.groupC.teamD.fans()27.Jimisill.Doyouknowwhat9swrongwithhim?■一Poorboy.Hisillnessistheofeatingunhealthyfood.A.resultB.causeC.reasonD.end()28:Themusicmademethinkoftheofarunningstream.A.shoutB.noiseC.voiceD.sound()29.Astherewerenotenoughchairsinthepark广theyhadtositontheA.groundB.earthC.landD.field()30.Isitananimal■一Right,it"saofthecatfamily.A.kindB.numberC・memberD.piece()31・Therewasonshowinthemuseum.A.aquitenicecupB・quiteniceacupC・quiteanicecupD.quitenicecup()32.ThenowisthatIhavelotsoftoask.A.problem;questionsB.question;problemsC・question;problemD.problem;question()33.You"dbetterdomorningeveryday.ItfsgoodtohavelotsofA.exercise；exerciseB.exercises;exerciseC.exercise;exercises.D・exercises;exercises()34.Hetoldmewouldcometohisbirthdayparty.A.manyJackfriendsB.Jack"smanyfriendsC.manyJack"sfriendD.manyfriendsofJack"s()35.isanindustriousnation(勤劳的民族)A.TheChineseB・TheChinesesC.ChineseD・ChinesesII・ 下列每个句子中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1•TheSamaregoingtoBeijingwithmyfamily.误：正：1.Theyoungshould・makeroomsfortheoldincrowdedbuses.误：正：2.Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasChinese,mathsandEnglish.误：IE：3.Thisbookisnfthis.ItbelongstoKates".误：正：4.Fewmanworkersarestilldemandingariseintheirpay.误：iH：5.HanMei"sandMary"sEnglishteacherisagirlfromHongkong・误：IE：.6.Bothmyfatherandmybrotherarepolice・误正：.7.Therearetwodeersinthekindergarten.误:正:・8.Helpyourselftosomefishes,please・误：IE：9.EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguageinCanadian.误:正：Ill•用所给词的正确形式填空。1.Thesearefive(pencil-box)onthedesk.2.Three(German)arewalkingonthePeople"sSquare.3.Wewillhaveseveral(exam)thisterm.4.Theseworkersaregoingabroadtoworkforthreeyears.Their(wife)willhavetostayathomealone.5.Ourcityhasbeenbuiltafew(zoo)6.Thetiger"s(tooth)arebiggerthanthemonkey"s.7.Therearetwonew(shelf)inmyreadingroom.8.JimandMikearegoodfriendsof•9.Quiteafew(foreigner)havevisitedGuangzhoutheyearbeforelast.10.■一Arethere(animal)onthehill?一-Yes,therearesome.疑难突破：I.单项选择。()1.Therestaurantissopopularhere.Look,therearcsomanyhere.A.foodB.dishC.peopleD.waiter()2.1don"tthinklookingafterchildrenisjustwork.A.womanB・womarTsC.womenD・women，s()3.…Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?…Yes,，please.?A.someorangesB.twoboxesofchocolateC.somecakesD.twoboxesol--cola()4.Isawmanyeatinggrassonthehill.A.horseB.cowC.rabbitD.sheep ()5.motherscanftcometothemeetingbecausetheyhavegonetoDalian.A.Sally"sandJaneB.SallyandJane"sC.Sally"sandJane"s()6.1likealot,andmymotherusuallycooksitindifferentways.A.fishB.potatoesC.noodles()7.YoucangetmuchabouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.A.mapE・pictureC.ticketD・information()8.—Goodmorning,madam.CanIhelpyou?—Sure,Pdlikeforcookingvegetables・A.twocupsofteaB.threepiecesofbreadC.fivekilosofoil()9.Mr.BlackgaveusonhowtolearnnEnglishwell.A.anadviceB.manyadvicesC.someadviceD.someadvices()10.—Youlookverytiredthismorning.Whatdidyoudoyesterdayafternoon?—IdidChristmasshopping.A.alotofBafewofC.anumberofD.apieceof()11.Theletterfrommyunclewasshort.Therewasn"tnews.A.manyB.afewC.muchD.Few()12.AlltheteachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholiday.A.manB.menC.womanD.women()13.theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemareteachers.A・Anumberof;womenB・Anumberof;womanC・Thenumberof;womenD.Thenumberof;woman()14.—Irdlikegrapesandpears.…Oh,Ionlyneedorangejuice.A.some;afewB・afew;someC.alittle;fewDalittle;afew()10.Thisisnotmydictionary.Itfs.Shelentittomethismorning. A.mysisterB.mysistersC.mysistefsD.mysisters"专题三冠词目标定位1.理解不定冠词的基本用法。注意以元音字母发音开始的词前使用不定冠词时，应该用an,女Chanhouro注意是元咅字母发咅，而不是以元咅字母开始的词。2.专有名词也可与不定冠词连用,表示"一个的人/物"‘。如：AMr.Jonescametoseeyouthismorning.今天早上有位叫琼斯的先生要见你。3.熟记定冠词的基木用法，尤其the+姓氏复数，表示全家人，这是中考的重点。4.零冠词的使用是难点，尤其是初学者往往记不住，本书给出了记忆口缺，希望对学习者右帮助。5.记忆掌握一些固定用法和词组搭配，这对以后的学习很重要。第一课时语法梳理一、冠词的种类冠词是一种虚词，它木身不能单独充当句了成分，也没有词义，它只能用在名词的丽面，帮助说明其含义。可以分为三种：定冠词the；不定冠词a/an;零冠词，即不用冠词。二、不定冠词(a/an)的基本用法1.在叙述吋用于第一次提到的某人或某物前。2.泛指人或事物的某一种，以区别于其他种类。3.泛指某人或某物。4.用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前，有“每一”的意思，相当于everyo5.用在某些物质名词或抽彖名词(如coffee,food,tea,try,pleasure)前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场，一杯二6.用于口J视为一体的两个名词前。7.表示“一个”，意为one,但数的概念没有one强。&表示“同一"的意思。9•表示“某一个匕一般与表示星期的名词连用。9.用在专有名词前，表示“类别駕10.用于某些固定词组中。女口：havealook/walk/break/try/rest/bath,inahurry,forawhile等。如：1・Ihaveapen.2.Adogisanhonestanimal.3.Anoldmanislookingforyou,Mr.Green.4.Wehaveamusicclassonceaweek.5.1amnotsure.Fllhaveatry.6・aknifeandfork一副刀叉7.1haveagoodfHend.我有一个好朋友。&Theywerenearlyofanage.他们几乎同岁。9.TheycameonaSunday.他们是某个周口來的。10.,ThisisaVanGogh.这是一幅凡•高的厕。三、定冠词(the)的用法1.用于双方都知道的人或事物前。如：Isthebookyours?2.特指的或上文提到过的人或事物！如：Thegirlinthecarismysister. 1.表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：Manisnowstudyingandusingthesun.2.用在序数词、形容词最高级前.或用于对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级阿。如：Heisthefirsttocomehere.Ofthetwins,1likethetallerone.3.用在姓氏复数両表示一家人或夫妻俩。如：TheBrownsarealllivinginChina.4.用在单数可数名词前，表示■类八或事物，以区别于其他种类。如：Doyouknowwhoinventedthecomputer1?5.用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词，或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestoneinChina.6.与某些形容词连用，表示一类人。女Therichshouldhelpthepoor.7.用在表示方位或乐器名称的名词前。如：Canyouplaytheguitar?Thereisaparkintheeastofthetown.8.用于形容词only,very,same等前而。如：ThatistheverythingI"vebeenlookingfor.11•与复数名词连用■指整个群体。如：Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.9.用在某些固定词组中。如：inthedaytimejntheend,atthemoment,atthefootof,thenumberof等。四、零冠词（不用冠词）1•不可教名词和复数名词泛指人或事物的某一种，以区别于其他种类吋，前面用零冠词。如：Catshavesharpeyesatnight.Moneyisnoteverything.2.某些专有名词（如人名、地名、国名）物质名词与抽彖名词前用零冠词。如：PhiliphaslivedinChinaforyears.3.名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰吋，前面用零冠词。如：This;smyaddress.Let"skeepintouch.4.在节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等前面用零冠词。但若特指某年的某月份或某年的某季节,需耍在月份、季节前加the。如：Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.Thewinteroftheyear2009wasverycold.5.称呼或表示职位、头衔的名词前用零冠词。如：LiLeiwasmademonitorforthismonth.6.三餐、球类运动、娱乐及学科的名词前用零冠词。如：Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforlunch?Doyoulikeplayingfootballorbaseball?7•“专冇名词+普通名词讨勾成的表示街名、路名、山名等词前用零冠词。女恥HiscompanyislocatedinBeijingRoad.1.与by连用的交通工具名称前用零冠词。如：Lusuallygotoschoolbybike.2.公共假日、节日名称前用零冠词，但与festival一起构成的传统节日前要加the。如： WehadaneveningpartyonNewYear"sDay.TheSpringFestivalisatraditionalfestivalinChina.1.表示特定的公园、街道、车站、桥梁、学校等的名词前用零冠词。如：ManyoldpeopletakeexerciseinBeihaiParkeverymorning.11•在某些固定词组或习惯用语中用零冠词。如atnight,dayandnight,watchTV,onfoot,intime等。五、记忆口诀1.冠词的基本用法冠词是秃子,常要戴帽子；可数名词单，需用a或an;2.零冠词的记忆口诀一是熟知名词和复数；二是学科和语言；三餐、球、棋、牌；nnaRd-rm•琴苕曰冷早甘日知苗口•基础训练I.给下名词前加上适当的不定冠词。1.book2.computer3.orange4.volleyball2.hour6.language7.island&singer9.apple10.eraserIL用适当的冠词填空，使句子完整。1.Romewasnotbuiltinday.2.Jimishonestboy.Wealllikehim.3.・…Canchildfinishthejob?No,atleasttwochildrencan.4.Wehaveamusicclassonceweek.5•It"spleasuretotalkwithyou.3.hundredandtwentypeopleattendedthemeeting.4.Tdlikecoffeeandtwobeers.5.Comein,oryoullcatchbadcold.6.LiLei,takemedicinethreetimesday.7.Heboughtnewhouse.Ihavebeentohouse.11.ThisisumbrellathatIlostyesterday.12.richarenotalwayshappierthanpoor.13.man/Manisonlyanimalwhocantalk.14.AutumnisbestseasoninBeijing.Manypeoplefromallovertheworldcomehereinautumn. 12.Doyouknowgirlinred?13.fifthlessonisveryeasy.14.Lucyistallerofthetwogirls.18.1likeplayingviolin,whilehelikesplayingfootball.19.Look,allbooksareherenow.20.June1stisChildren"sDay.21.Tomworksasworkerintherestaurantandheispaidbyhour.22.Greenslivenextthedoor.23.music/Musiccanbringpeoplepleasure・24.1havevisitedmanycitiessinceSeptember,2007.25.SheisnotsosmartgirlasIthought.26.Couldyoutellmeanswertothequestion?IcanYworkitoutmyself.27.IntheUnitedStates,Father"sDayfallsonthirdSundayinJune.28.1likechemistrythoughit"sabitdifficult.29.Wendywasmademonitorforthismonth.30.doctor/Doctor,Fmnotfeelingmyselftoday.ni・根据句意将下列句子补充完整。1.作为作家，汤姆是很成功的。但作为一个儿子，他是失败的。Tomisas,butheisasason.2.你认识一个叫琼斯的人吗？Doyouknow?3我们家_周Ourfamilygettogether.1.桌上的这本书是一onisusefulone.5•格林一家外出度假了。areoutonholiday.6・我父亲生病住院了。我现在要去医院看他。Myfatheris.Iamgoingtotoseehim.2.他总是第一个來，最后一个离开。Heisalwaysand3.太阳和月亮，哪个更大？Whichis,4.房了前面有棵大树。Thereistreethehouse.IV•从B组中选择合适的单词,使A组的句意完整，适当时加上a/an・A组1.1wanttoaskyou•1.Tomneverwears-3.1carftride.4.Mybrotheris•5.Barbaraworksin.6.Annwantstolearn.7.Jimlivesin.8.ThiseveningPmgoingto. B组oldhouse;artist;party;question;bookshop;foreignlanguage;hat;bicycle第二课时疑难拓展疑难点一a用在辅音音素前，而不是辅音字母前。an用在元音音素前，而不是元音字母前。如:auniversity,anhour。Thereisan“h"intheworduthinkn.疑难点二表示种类冇三种形式：1.单数名词前加定冠词。2•单数名词前加不定冠词。1.复数名词前不加冠词。如：Adogisanhonestanimal=Thedogisanhonestanimal.=Dogsarehonestanimals.疑难点三“the+序数词”表示“第几……S“a十序数词「表示,収一，再一雹如：Ihavefailedtwice.Tiltryathirdtime.我失败两次了，我要再试一次。疑难点四anumberof意为“许多”，相当于many,作主语吋谓语动词用复数。thenumberof为“……的数目=作主语时谓语动词用单数。如：Anumberofpeopleare"playingontheground.Thenumberofthepeopleonthegroundisabout1,000.疑难点五在动词+人+介词+the-t-身体部位"这类短语中要用the,而不用物主代词。如：Themanhitme-onthehead.那人打了我的头。疑难点六在一些固定词组中，冇无定冠词含义完全不同，一定要牢记。如：gotoschool上学（是学生）：gototheschool去学校（不一定是学生）。inhospital因病住院；inthehospital在医院里（不一定是病人）。attable吃饭；inthetable在桌边（不一定在吃饭）。byday白天；bytheday按日计算。infuture今后；inthefuture将來/an,放在这些词Z后。如：疑难点七当名词被such,half,what,many修饰时，不定冠词（a/an）放在这些词Z后。如：suchabeautifulhouse；halfanhour.Manyapersonisplayingbasketball・许多人在打篮球。疑难点八当名词前面的形容词前冇so,how,too等词时，不定冠词（a/an）应放在形容词之后。女口:sobeautifulahouse;howusefulabook;to.youngagirl等。疑难点九当名词前面有形容词和quite,rather或very时，不定冠词（a/an）置于quite之后,置于very之前，置于rather的前或后者8可以。如：quiteafasttrain；averyfasttrain；ratherafasttrain;aratherfasttrain等。疑难点十当定冠词与all,half,both,double,threetimes,one-third等词连用修饰名词时,定冠词应放在这些词Z后。如I：allthebooks；boththegames；twicethesizeofhishouse等。Theholeisone-thirdthedepthofthatone.疑难点—当表示一个人兼有多种身份时，只在第一个名词前加冠词a,an或the。如：adoctorandwriter~个医生兼作家的人；therepone,andeditor那个记者兼编辑的人。疑难点十二当系动词turn后接名词时，通常使用零冠词。女口：Ihadhopedtobecomeapianist,butIturnedartist.我原木想当钢琴家的，却成了美术家。疑难点十三用丁•固定结构屮“whata/an十单数可数名河吸“sucha/an十单数可数名词”结构，表示惊叹!如:Whatalovelyday!多好的一天啊！Howdidyoumakesuchamistake?你怎么会犯这种错误？ 疑难点十四不定冠词还可以与表示疾病的名词连用。如：acold感冒；aheadache头痛。疑难点十五在表示方位的名词前或表示时间的词用定冠词。如：ontheright在右边；inthemorning在早上。能力提升I•单项选择。()1・FranceisEuropeancountry.IndiaisAsiancountry・A.an;theB.the;anC.a;anD.an;an()2.There"s”h”inthewordMhourn.A.aB.theC.anD./()3.Theboywillcertainlybecomeoftheircountry.A.headmasterB.KingC.thekingD.aking()4.——Putwastebaginthedustbin.——It"snotwastebag.Itfsmyshoppingbag.A.a;theB.the;aC./;aD./;/()5.ThefourthofisThanksgivingDayeveryyear・A・Thursday;NovemberB.Thursday;theNovemberC.theThursday;theNovemberD.theThursday;November()6.Thecarisrunningabout-sixtymileshour.A.oneB.theC.anD.a()7.…Doyouknowladyinblue.Yes.Sheisateacherofauniversity.A.theB.aC.anD./()8.booksareuseful.A.AlltheB.TheallC.AD.An()9.——Ihearthere"llbetalkonteenageproblemsnextMonday.Doyoumeantalkourteacheraskedustolistento?A・a;theB・a;aC・the;theD:the;a()10.IlookedunderbedandfoundpenIlostyesterday.A.the;aB.the;theC./;theD.the;/()11.Tina,doyouknow.newclubinyourschool?Ofcourse.Tmoneofitsmembers.A.aB.anC.theD./()12.ItissaidthatumbrellawasinventedoverfourthousandyearsagobyChinesepeople.A.aB.anC.theD./()13.numberofstudentshavegonetoShanghai.A./B.TheC.AD.An()14.longthebridges!Letmedriveyouoverit.A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa()15」dorftthinkisabettercarthanourmakes.A.aFordB.FordC.Ford*sD.theFord()16.Nopains,no.(不劳无获)A.gainsB.againC.gainD.thegain()17.1usedtogotoNo.lMiddleSchooleverySundaybybustoplaybasketballwithmyfriends.A.the;the;theB./;/;/C./;/;theD.a;a;a()18.Tian,anmenSquareandGreatWallareveryfamousinPeople"sRepublicofChina.A.the;theB.the;/C./;/D./,the ()19・Janeisgirl.Shealwaysanswerstheteachers1questionsinclass.Aquiteasmart;theB.aquitesmart;theC.quiteasmartD.aquitesmart;/()20.MrLi,,willgiveatalktothestudentsabouthowtolearnEnglishtomorrow.A・ateacherandawriterB.ateacherandwriterC.theteacherandthewriterD.theteacherandwriterII・下列每个句子中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1.Ourcitygovernmenthaspaid〜greatattentiontotheenvironmentalproblem.误：正：2.WillJimleaveforXifanthenextweek?.误：正：3.OneofthethreeforeignvisitorsisaJapanese,othertwoareAustralians.误：正：4.ThereispubliclibraryineverycountyinChina.误：正：5.Whatgoodnewsyou"vebroughtus!误：正：6.Lighttravelsfasterthanthesound,doesn"tit?误：正：7.Mostofstudentsinmyclasscomefromthecountryside・误：正：8.1wanttobesoldierwhenIleaveschool.误：正：9.1wasanuniversitystudentofEnglishtwoyearsago.误:正:10.1usedtoworkinasameshopasthedid.误：正：III•阅读短文，用适当的冠词填空，不用冠词处画“厂。Wehad1speciallesson2lastFriday.Ourgeographyteacher,Mr.Hung,tookusto3OceanPark.Wevisited4parkin5afternoon.Mr.Hungaskedustotake6goodlookat7animalsthereespecially(尤其是)8bigpandas・Luckily,wesaw9bigpandaplaying10ballon11groundwhenwegotthere.Westayedthereforhalf12hourandtook13lotofpicturesbecauseitwas14.excitingexperiencetoseeitin15reallife.疑难突破I•单项选择。()1.Cindyisamazingsinger.Shehaslotsoffans.A.aB.anC・theD./()2.■一WhydoyoulikeMary?Becausesheishonestgirl.A.aB.anC.the()3.JennyisAmerican.SheworksincompanyinChinanow.A.an;aB.an;theC.a;an()4.…Whatwouldyoulikeforbreakfast,Mr.Green?Twopiecesofbreadandcupoftea,please・A.a；theB./;aC./;the ()5.Avatar(《阴J丿达》)issuchwonderfulsciencefictionmoviethatIwanttoseeitsecondtime.A.a;aB.a;theC./;theD./；a()6.Thereislocalshopforpeopletobuydailythingsinthesmallvillage・A.aB.anC.theD./()7.Manypeoplethinkthat2012isoneofmostsuccessfulfilms.A.aB.anC.theD./()8.Ifyougobytrain,youcanhavequitecomfort-ablejourney,butmakesureyoutakefastone.A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD./;a()9oIt"sreportedthatablerainstormhitsouthofourcountry.A.aB.theC./D.an・()10.Mysistercanplayviolinverywell.A.theB.aC./()11•Look!Whatfsthatmovinghighupinsky?■一Itmustbeplane.A.a;theB.the;/C.the;aD./;a()12.—HowwasdinneratMike"shouse?—It〜asgreat.Mike"smumiswonderfulcook・A.a;theB.the;aC.the;theD.a・an()13.-Whatshallwehaveforsupper?■一Iboughtbigfishat.onlymarketnearmyoffice.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;/()14.…MayIhavealookattheMP4,sir?Whichone?blackone?A.AB.AnC.TheD./()15.…ShallwepayvisittoExpo2010,Shanghai?—No.FdratherstayathomeandplayfootballA.a;theB.the;a.C./;theD.a;/()16.Lingling!Doyouknowwomaninwhite?Yes.SheisnurseinLiaochengPeople"sHospital.A.a;a:B.the;theC.a;theD.the;a1()17.■一Lilyiscomingbyplanetomorrow.—Letfsgotoairporttomeether.A.a;aB./;aC.the;theD./;the()18.…Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?actorlikeJetLi.A.AnB:AC.TheD./()19.…Bob,youlooksohappytoday!Well,IgotHAMOnmyEnglishtest.A.theB.aC.anD./()20.-一MayIhavealookatbooktonight?Ofcourse,youcan.Ihaveoldoneathome.A.the;aB.a;theC-the;anD.the;the()21.…Haveyoufoundaddressthatyouwanted?Yes.It"sMrWang268@163.com.A.aB.an.C.theD./()22.Ifyouworkhard,you"llgetnAnintheexam.A:aB.anC.the ()23.Theyoftentakewalkafterdinner.A.aB./C.theD.an()24.Lily"smotheristeacherinaschool.A.aB.anC.theD./()25.Brownswerehavingdinnerwhenthetelephonerang.A.ABAnC.TheD./专题四数词目标定位1•掌握基数词和序数词的构成，尤其是前十个数，需要强化记忆。注意不规则变化的情况。1.熟练掌握年、月、F1的表达方法及千以内数字的表达方法。还有编号、年龄、分数的表达法，尤其是当分了大于1时，分母的序数词应用复数形式。女口：two-thirds三分Z二。2.掌握日常交际活动屮常见的数字表示方法。特别是hundred,thousand,million,billon等表达确切的数目时•，不用复数形式；表示不确切的数目时这些基数词要用复数形式，且与of连用。4•理解倍数的表达法，最好熟练掌握，这既是中考的重点，也是难点。1.理解数词的某些特殊用法。第一课时语法梳理一、数词的定义用以表示数口或顺序的词叫数词。数词可以分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数口多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。二、基数词的构成1.1〜12是独立单词，需逐个记忆。2.13〜19是在个位数词的词干后加・teen构成。其中thirteen,fifteen,eighteen是不规则变化。3.20〜90都是以・ty结尾。如：twenty,thirty,ninety等。4.21-99是在十位数词后面加上个位数词构成，中间加上连字符$0：twenty-one,thirty-two,ninety・nine等。5.3位以上的基数词,在百位和十位之间一般要用连词and。如：1,135读作onethousand,onehundredandthirty-fiveo6•英语中没有“万呀旷亿匕在表示“万"和“亿,咐要按十进位法来蓬N。女0：15,678读作fifteenthousand,sixhundredandseventy-eight□1.1000以上的数字，从后向前数，每三位加“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand,第二个“，”前为million,第三个“，"前为billion,然后每一节按百、十、个的顺序表示。2.dozen表示"十二,一打",score表示“二十”。3.ten,score,hundred,thousand,million,billion这些词前面如有表示具体数目的词,就不能加s和of,反Z则须加s和of。女口：onehundredpeople一百人，hundredsofpeople数百人。4.与基数词合成的复合定语，其中的名词用单数。如：athree-month-oldbaby三个月大的婴儿，afive-yearplan个五年计划。5.乘法运算的表示法，单复数均可。如：3*5=15Threemultipliedbyfiveis/arefifteen.三、序数词的构成序数词一般以与Z相应的基数词加词尾・th构成，但要注意一些特殊形式。阿拉伯数字基数词序数词序数词缩写1onefirst1st2twosecond2nd3threethird3rd 5fivefifth5th8eighteighth8th9nineninth9th12twelvetwelfth12th20twentytwentieth20th21twenty-onetwenty-first21st22twenty-twotwenty-second22nd23twenty-threetwenty-third23rd其他序数词的构成：1.几十几及以上的序数词，其中十位数或百位数、千位数等用基数词，只有个位数才用序数词。如：128th:onehundredandtwenty-eighth752nd:sevenhundredandfifty-second2.hundred,thousand,million的序数词均在基数词后加th构成，即hundredth,thousandth,milliontho四、数词的应用 如：13・5&读作ihirwcipointfive2•小数的构成4•倍数的构成倍用対借用wi"/t<“hlc=侪及二倍以上用女11：thr"timz.fourtimes等。“基数词+timeA乩阴词+per(・Lnt+of+名词/代词匚^U:Twentyper<^nlofthemilk,isdrunkup.小数点前的幣数按基数词的规则表示.小数点讲作1»血1・小数点后的数字按苴数字育接读出来•・一~__分子用基数词•分母用库数词：若分子3.分拓亦大f二芬母的宇数词翌帼砸1—3-‘如：1/3读作oMihid2/5读作wnfiFth"H表烹金)年牛用基数词.H期用序数词.其顺序常用••月、U、年二|5(th),2009或］5(lh)Novomhor.20()9:读Nnvemher(the)fifteenth.twothousandandnirio_——-可用库数词或恭数词表水.序数词位于名词前,丐葛号表示子壬）并妒匕定冠id基数词位F名河乩如：ListenFiw/lliHfiflh1匕5飙”i第JI课五、倍数表示法1•倍数用在形容词原级的第一个as而面。如：Ihavetwiceasmanybooksasyoudo.我的书是你的书的两倍。2.倍数用在表示度量的名词前。如：Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍大大3.词或副词的比较级或by+倍数放在比较级后。Thisbuildingistwicehigherthanthatone.这个建筑物比那个建筑物高两倍。六、约数表示法_1.用ten,dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等数词的复数加of短语来表示几十、儿百、上千、上万、几百万等约数的概念。_2.用lessthan,under,below,orless,almost,nearly,upto。等来表示小于或接近某数目。3.用morethan,over,above,beyond,ormore等來表示多丁•某个数R。4.用or,orso,about,around,some,moreorless等表示在某一数目左右。5.用from...to,between...and表示介于两个数饲之间。如：1・Iboughtdozensofpencilslastyear•.去年我买了几十支铅笔。2.Howcanyoufinishyourhomeworkinlessthanhalfanhour?你怎么能在半个小时内就完成你的作业呢?3・Ourschoolhasahistoryofmorethansixtyyears.我们学校有60多年的历史。4.Thedoctorspentfourorfivehoursperformingtheoperation.那医生花了四五个小吋做这个手术。5.1willbebackintwotothreeweeks.我两到三周后就回來。七、基数词变序数词口诀:基变序z有规律z末尾加上th; —、二、三，特殊记(first,second,third);ltinhfaich+h""flo/ninths/nf(fifth-tA/nlf+h•基础练习I•根据给出的数字分别写出其相应的英文形式。1.112.153.194.285.406.677.1008.10004.100000010.9th11.1Oth12.9.13山14.14th15.20th16.23rd 17.31st]&52nd-II・用适当的英语数词完成下列句子。1.Summeristheseasonofayear.2.Wednesdayisthedayofaweek.3•Thirtyisofsixty,4.Children"sDayisonJuneeachyear.5.Letter”1"isletterinthealphabet（字母表）.6.Therearemonthsinayear.7.Mysisterisjust20.Todayisherbirthday.&Thirtyplusninety-threeis.III・将下列词组和句子译1.十二把伞2.-十个苹果3.|•四辆公交车4.四十间房子5.十九件礼物6.二千五百八十七名学生7.60亿8000万人口8.成百上千的顾客9•第一课10.百分Z三十的水11.百零五点三二12•三分之二的书13•在20世纪80年代14.2009年3月18fl15.这个洞是那个洞的三倍深。16.现在，他们在九号房间开会。IV•根据括号内的词，在空白处填入恰当的词。1.1thinkthelessonisthemostinterestingoneinthebook,（twelve）2.Myfatherisnowinhis‘butheisstilltakingsomecomputercourses.（fifty）3.Thereareofpeoplewhoarelosingjobsandtheyarewonderingwhattodo.（thousand）4.1havetried（两次）,butTiltry（再一次）・5・Iliveon（第六大街），butworkfarfromit.6.Harryhasjustfinishedwritingan（丿l百字）composition.7.ItissaidthatthegravityontheMarsisonlyabout（三分之一）ofthegravityontheearth.&Chinaisalmost（two）thesizeofMexicoinarea.第二课时 难疑拓展疑难点一序数词前加定冠词时表示顺序，意为“第几二如：Iwasthefirsttocomehere.我是第一个来这儿的人。序数词前加不定冠词吋表示“又一，再一""。女口：Ihavefailedtwice,but1wanttohaveathirdtry.我失败两次了，我想再试一次。疑难点二“of+the+基数词”表示范围。女II：twothirdsoftheten十个中的三分Z二。疑难点三表示年代用“in+the+数词的复数形式二如：inthe1990s或inthe1990"s在20世纪90年代。表示某人的年龄阶段用“in+物主代词十数词的复数形式”。女口：inhis20s在他二十几岁时；inher30s在她三十几岁时。疑难点四“数词I-名词十形容词讨乍定语时，中间要用连字符，而且中间的名词只用单数形式。如：afive-year-oldgirl,一个五岁的女孩；a15-minute-longwalk一段十五分钟的步行路程。疑难点五"数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数”表示具体的数量;如：twothousandstudents;fourhundredgirls等。tttens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of4■名词复数"表示"许O如:thousandsoftrees;tensofhundredsofhorses等。疑难点六表示时刻时，如果在30分钟以内，用past,女II8：15读作fifteenpasteight或aquarterpasteight;如果超过30分钟,则用to,如8：40读作twentytonine。能力提升I•单项选择。()1.ofthewannwateralreadybeenusedup.A.Two-third;hasB.Two-third;haveC.Two-thirds;hasD.Two-thirds;have()2.thestudentsintheprimaryschoolisaboutthreethousand,andofthemaregirls.A.Anumberof;twothirdB.Thenumberof;twothirdsC.Anumberof;twothirdsD.Thenumberof;twothird()3.——Comeandseemein•Withpleasure・That"swhatFmexpecting.A.twoorthreedays.B.twoorthreeday"stimeC.twoorthreedays1timeD・twoorthreeday"s()4.Dick,itisthetimeindaysthatyoufvemadethesamemistake.A.two;threeB.second;threeC.two;thirdD.second;third()5.Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?-butPmnotsure.A.HundredsB.HundredC.HundredsofD.Onehundred()6.Ittookmetofindoutthekeytothedrawer.A.oneandhalfhoursB.oneandahalfhoursC・oneandahalfhourD.oneandhalfhour()7.Wecanseestarsintheskyatnight.A.tenofthousandofB.tensofthousandof C.tenofthousandsofD.tensofthousandsof()8.Onedayonthemoonis.A.twoearthweeklongB.twoearthweekslongC.twoearthweekslongerD.twoearthweekslength()9.Shewenttothecountryside.A.inthemorningatnineonJunefirst,1968B.onJunefirst,1968inthemorningatnineC・atnineinthemorningonJunefirst,1968D.onJunefirst,1968atnineinthemorning()10.JohnwastogettoschoolandIwasA.first;ninthB.afirst;aninthC.thefirst;theninthD.thesecond;thenineth()11.Tenandfiveis.A.fiveB.fiftyC.fifteenD.two()12.TheOlympicGamesareheld•A.everyfouryearsB.everyfouryearC・everyfourthyearsD.everyfbur-years()13.TomissixandheishissisterJane.HowoldisJane?Three.A.twiceasoldasB.twoyearsolderthanC.threeyearsyoungerthanD.asoldas()14.Heisinourclass.A.thefourthtallestB.fourthtallestC.fourtallestD.thefourtallestII.下列每个句子中均有一处错误，请指岀并改正。1.IsSundayfirstdayofaweek?误：正：2.TheYellowRiverissecondlongestriverin.China.误：1E：3.Helefthisgrandmotherwhenhewasinthirties.误：正：4.Theninethprogrammeisthattwoyoungloversdancetogether.误：正：5.TheyusedtoliveintheRoom345.误：正：6.Afteralongwalkwehadafewminute"srest.误：正：7.Therearetwoscorespeoplewaitingoutsideintherainforthetickets.误：1E：8.It"sonlytwo-hourstimefromheretoLondonbytrain.误：正：III.根据汉语提示，完成英语句子，每空一词。1.李老师住在第五层。MissLilivesonfloor.2.3月8号是妇 WomensDayison.1.她花了两个小时的时间做作Ittookhertodothehomework.2.我母亲今天买了两Mymotherboughttoday.3.他买这支笔只花Hepaidonlyforthispen.4.星期天我8点50起床。IgetupatonSunday.7o她得了90分，排名第五二Shegotointsandcame.6.今天我们做练习七。Wedotoday.7.圣诞节在每年的12月25日。Christmasisontheeachyear.8.玛丽出生于5月5日。Marywasbornon・疑难突破单项选择。()1.Nearlyoftheearthcoveredbysea・A.threefourth;isB・threefourths;isC.threefourth;areD・threefourths;are()2.ofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtrees.andgrass.A.Twofifths;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifth;isD.Twofifths;are()3.1thinkofthematerials1listenedtoatthebeginningoftheexameasy.A.threefourths;isB.thirdfour;areC・threefourths;areD.threefourth;are()4.——DoyouknowtheboyissittingnexttoPeter?Yes.HeisPeterfsfriend.Theyarecelebratinghisbirthday.A.who;ninthB.that;ninethC./;ninethD・which;ninth()5.1gotagoodpresentonmy.birthday.A.nineB.ninthC.thenineD.theninth()6.1gotabeautifulbikeonbirthday.Ilikeitverymuch.A.fifteenthB.fifteenC.myfifteenD.myfifteenth.()7.——Hereweare.Wheredoesyourcousinlive,Tom?Oh,helivesonthefloor.A.twoB・twiceC.secondD.twos()&Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisaboutnineofthemareboys.A.hundred;TwothirdsB.hundred;TwothirdC.hundreds;TwothirdsD.hundreds;Twothird()9.AlthoughIflailedfourtimes,myfatherencouragedmetohaveatry.A.thirdB.fourthC.fifth ()10.——HaveyouseentheCCTVnewsonTV?Yes,childrenhadagoodfestivalontheChildren"sDay.A.millionsof;sixtyB.tenmillions;sixtiethC.millionsof;sixtieth()11.treeshavebeenplantednearhere,sotheairisveryfresh.A.TwohundredsB.HundredofC.HundredsofD.Hundreds()12.Aboutoftheworkersinthefactorywereborninthe.A.two-thirds;1970B.two-thirds;1970sC.two-third;1970D.two-third;1970s()13.Eachofushastowriteareporteverytwoweeks.A.two-hundred-wordB.two-hundreds-wordC.two-hundreds-wordsD.two-hundred-words()14.Todayismymothersbirthday.Iwillbuyheragift.A.fourteenB.fourteenthC.fortyD.fortieth()15.——Thereisawrongwordinline.Where?Intheline.A.two;twoB.two;secondC・second;twoD.second;second()16.-—Therearesixtystudentsinourclass.And.ofusareboys.Wow!Youhavefortygirls!A.onefourthB・onethirdC.twofifthsD.twothirds()17.-■一Goodnews!Billwonmedalinthelongjumpjustnow.Really?Thafshisoneatoursportsmeeting.A.a:fourB.an;fourthC.a;fourth()18.Anewstudyprovesawalkeverydayisenoughtokeeppeopleawayfrombecomingfat..A.30-minuteB.30minutefsC.30-minutes()19.Morethantwoyearsago,peopleknewlittleabouttheuniverse.A.thousandsB.thousandC・thousandofD.thousandsof()20.Englishisbecomingatouristcity.peoplecomehereduringtheholidayseveryyear・A.ThousandofE・ThousandsofC.FivethousandsofD・Fivethousands()21.Father"sDayisonSundayofJune.A.threeB.thirdC.thethird()22.ShanghaihasopeneditsTVchannel(频道)thatsendsprogramsinforeignlanguages.Great!IcanimprovemyEnglishoverit.A.firstB.afirstC.thefirst()23.Themanalsowroteofbeautifulpiecesofmusicfortheorchestra.A.hundredB.sixhundredC.ahundredD.hundreds()24.A11theteachersliveonfloor.A.thesecondB.twoC.second()25.Basketballissopopularagameintheworldthatpeopleplayitforfunandexercise.A.millionofB.millionsofC.millionsD.twomillionsof 专题五形容词目标定位1.掌握形容词的，尤其是相似的词，其意义有很大差异。这是中考的重点。2.注意有些形容词+ly以后，其意义发生了很大的变化，^11：late迟到的；而lately是“最近的，现在的匕这都是屮考的重点3.重点掌握形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则，这几乎是每年中考都必然涉及的重点。尤其是不规则的变化。如I：①good/well-better-best；②many/much-more・"most;③bad/ill-worse-worst；©little-less-least.4.掌握倍数的表达法，特别是as...as…结构等。5•注意最高级的使用必须有比较的范围和对象，这是初学者较容易忽略的地方，应该重点掌握。6.熟练掌握形容词作定语、表语及宾语补足语的用法。第一课时语法梳理一、形容词的定义形容词用来修饰人和事物的特征、性质。通常可以分为性质形容词和叙述形容词两类。二、形容词的种类1.性质形容词这类形容词是直接说明人或事物的性质、特征的，它们有等级的变化，也可以用程度副词来修饰，在句屮可作定语、表语和宾语补足语。大部分形容词都是性质形容词。如：Thesweaterisverybeautiful.这件毛衣非常漂亮。（作表语）wewilltryourbesttomakeourclassmoreinteresting.我们将尽力使我们的课堂更加有趣。（作宾语补足语）2.叙述形容词这类形容词只能做表语，不能作定语，所以乂称表语形容词。这类形容词没有比较级的变化，也不能用程度副词来修饰。大都以a开头，女Chafraid害怕的；alone单独的；alive活着的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的；还冇well健康的；worth值得的;unable不能的；ill病的。如:Thebabyisasleep.这个婴儿睡着了。Thebookiswellworthreading.这本书值得一读。三、形容词的用法1•作定语，放在名词前，不定代词后。如:abigapple,anoldman,anything1.作表语，放在系动词后。有些形容词只作表语，不作定语。这些表语形容词多以元音字母开头。女口:asleep,afraid,alive,alone,2.作宾语补足语，放在宾语后，常与make,leave,keep等连用女I丨：Thestorymademeexcited.3.作主语补足语，放在句首或句尾，补充说明主语的特征、性质。如:Manypeoplewereburiedaliveintheearthquake.4.放在定冠词后，变成名词，表示一类人或一类事物或概念。女口:thepoor,therich,thebeautiful四、形容词的位置1.表语形容词，如alive,afraid,awake,alone等作定语时，常后置。 1.形容词修饰不定代词吋后置。如：somethingimportant,anybodyelse2.两个意义相反的形容词中间用and或or连接作定语时，常后置。3.形容词后面接一个介词短语时，要后置。4.同表示数量的词组连用时，要后置。5.away,long,wide,high,deep,old等词附有数词短语说明时，需后置。6.多个形容词修饰名词吋……如：1.Thebabystillawakeisplayingwithadoll.醒着的那个婴儿止在玩洋娃娃。2.Allthepeopleontheisland,youngandold,arefondofmusic.该岛上的所冇人，无论老幼都喜欢音乐。3.Heisamangreedyforknowledge.他是个渴求知识的人。4.Theriveris5meterswide.那条河有五米宽。5.多个形容词修饰名词时，这些形容词的词序为：限定词（包括冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格、数词等）+表示观点的描绘性形容词（包描表示好、坏、美、丑等）+大小、长短、高低+年龄或新旧+形状或样式+颜色+产地或来源+材料或种类+用途十名词。如:anicebignewroundblackFrenchwriting,desk—-张漂亮的又人又新的圆形黑色法式写字台。［记忆口诀］限定描绘大长高”形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。五、比较等级1.在英语中大多数形容词都有等级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级。2.叙述形容词说明事物间的关系、方位、时间、用途等，不能用程度副词來修饰，也没有比较等级的变化。如：Chinese,northern等。3.比较等级的构成规则：规则变化：①一般加・er,・est口如：fast-faster-fastestold-older-oldesto③以不发咅的字母e结尾时，只加-r,-sto女口：nice-nicer-nicesto③以辅音字母加y结尾时，将y变i再加-er,-esto加:happy-happier-happiest□④以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，应双写这个辅音字母后再加-er,-esto如：big-bigger-biggesto⑤多音节词和部分双音节词,在词前加more,most。如：beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful;careful-morecareful-mostcarefulo⑥分词形容词，一般在词询加more,most。女口：tiring-moretiring-mosttiringo不规则变化：®good/well-better-best（3）many/much-more-most（3）bad/ill-worse-worst©little-less-least⑤far-farther（指距离：更远的）-farthest（指距离：最远的）-further（指距离：更远的；指程度：更深入的）・furthest（指距离：最远的；指程度：最深入的）。 ©old-older（指年龄：较老的;指新旧：较旧的）-oldest（指年龄：最老的；指新旧:最旧的），elder（指辈分：较年长的；指资格：资格较老的）-eldest（指辈分：最年长的；指资格：资格最老的）六、形容词原级的用法1.肯定句中常用“A…+as+原级+as+B”表示“A与B在某一方面程度相同S女口：LiMingisastallasme.李明和我一样高。2.否定句屮常用“A...not+as/so+原级+as+B"表示“A在某一方而程度不如B”。如：Iamnotas/sobusyasIusedtobe.我不如以前忙了。3.用“A・・.+倍数twice/halfi-as+原级+as+B"表示“A是B的倍/—半女口：Myschoolistwice/halfaslargeasyours.找校是你校的两倍大，一-半犬。4.第一个as后的形容词作定语修饰名词，将该名词及有关修饰语全列在第一个as后。如：Idon"thaveasmuchmoneyasyoudo.我的钱不如你的多。七、比较级用法 〈1.用“A...+比较级+than+B”表示“A比B更……”。〉〈2.用“倍数词+比较级初“”表示“比……多/少几倍乍多音节词和部分双S"肖词用“moreHndmore+形容词原级”。比较级用法〈3.用“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……"。〉用“the+比较级，lhe+比牧级“表示“越就越…“e〈5.用“lhe+比较级"f...”表示“两考中更……的那个”。〉&用“muMn"t+比较级…"表示“不可能更•…兀)(7用“完成时态•比较级…”表示最高级°〉〈8.用“Which/WhciH比较级.AzB?"表示“A和B,哪一个更……”。〉如：1.Myfatherisyoungerthanmyuncle.我爸爸比我们们年轻。2.Thisstreetistheretimeswiderthanthatone.这条街比那条要宽二倍。3.Thecarismnningfasterandfaster.汽车跑得越来越快。4.Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou"llmake.你越仔细,就越少犯错课。5.Johnisthetallerofthetwo.约翰是两者中较高的那个。6.Wecouldn"tgetabetterresult.我们不可能得到更好的效果。7.1haveneverbeentoafartherplacethanthis.o我从未去过比这儿更远的地方。1.Whoisolder,LimingorJack?谁更大一些，李明还是杰克?Whichisfaster,atrainoraplane火车和飞机哪一个更快?八、瑕高级用法1、用“the+最高级|•名词+in/of短语或从彳萨表示三者或三者以上程度最高。如：Heisthetallestinhisclass•在班里他最高。2、J|J-Which/Whois+the+M高级，A,BorC?”结构衣示在三考或三者以上人或物屮进行选择“哪一个瑕......”。如：Whoisthetallest,Jack,TomorLiLei?谁绘高,杰克、汤姆还是李雷?3、用t4oneofthe+最高级”结构表示"最的之一"。如：OurEnglishteacherisoneofthemostpopularteachers.我们的英语老师是最受欢迎的老师之一。4、形容词最高级前可以加序数词，表示“第儿最……S如： TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverInChina.英河是中国第二长河。5、形容词最高级前面冇物主代词、指示代词、名词所冇格等修饰时，不能再川定冠词the。如:TodayismyhappiestdayinBeijing.今天是我在北京最开心的H子。基础训练一、写出下列词的形容词形式。1.interest2.relax1.excite4.height1.beauty6.difficulty1.health8.sun1.danger10.friend二、写出卜•列形容词的比较级和最高级。1.nice2.tall3.little4.cheap1.bad6.colourful6.well8.important1.fewlO.many三、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。1.Whatadayitis!Let"sgoforapicnic,(pleasure)2.Kateworkseventhanbefore,(hard)3.1livefarfrommyschool,Meimeilivesmuch,butLiNinglivesthe_(far)・4.Thepictureonthewallisfromtheoneonthedesk,(difference)5.Asspringiscoming,daysarebecomingand(long).6.WhenIcamebackfromschool,Ifelt.(sleep)7.Mybrotherisfouryearsthanme.(old)&Hefeltsothathealmostjumpedforjoy.(exciting)9.Theoldwomanlivesinahousebutneverfeels(alonejonely)2.Theyouare,thefewermistakesyou"llmake,(careful)四、翻译下列短语或句子。1.三个新的圆圆的蓝色木碗 1.某件重要的事情2.七米高3.与不同5•年轻人对老年人应该有礼貌。1.英语和语文一样有趣。2.这个包没冇那个新。&她的房间是你房间的一半大。9•桌上的这些苹果比篮子里的大。1.我比你小四岁。11•春天天气变得越来越暖和。10.这是我们今天的第三节课。11.又饿又累，他只好停止干活。12.还在熟睡的婴儿可能马上就会醒来。第二课时疑难拓展疑难点一“the+形容词"作主语吋，如果是指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果是指物表示某一概念或事物时，谓语动词用单数。如： Thepoorarelivingahardlife.穷人们过着艰难的生活。Thebeautifulislovedbyeveryone.美好的东西人人喜爱。疑难点二mostniJ如果没有定冠词the,就没有最高级的意思，只是用来加强语气，表示“非常，很”之意。女hThisisamostinterestingstory.这是篇很有趣的故事。疑难点三表示三者或三者以上程度最高，如果在一定的地域空间范围内比较，用介词in；如果在同类事物范围内进行比较，用介词of。女口：LiMingisthetalleststudentinhisclass.Jackisthetallestofthethreeboys.疑难点四形容词最高级如果用于本身在不同情况下的对比时，不用the。如：IambusiestonSundays.我星期天最忙了。疑难点五比较级前Walittle修饰时，表示"更一些”。有alot,much,even,far等词修饰时，表示"更得多如：HeisonlyalittletallerthanI.他只是比我高一点。HeismuchtallerthanI。他比我高得多。最高级前有muchthe,byfarthe,thevery等词修饰吋，衣示"最最如：Thehatisbyfarthelargestintheworld.这顶帽子是世上最最大的了。疑难点六・ing形容词表示主动意义，多指人或事物本身的特点，强调这种特点对人的影响；・ed形容词表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人。如：，Pmveryinterestedintheinterestingbook•我对这本有趣的书很感兴趣。疑难点七许多形容词加・ly可以构成副词，但有些以・ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词。如：daily,lonely,lively,likely,motherly,friendly,lovely疑难点八在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围Z外；在不同范围内比较吋，可以和其屮任意一个对象进行比较。如：ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.中国比亚洲任何别的国家都人。ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.申国比非洲任何国家都人。疑难点九ill表示“生病的匕只作表语，作定语吋的意思是“坏的"；sick表示“生病的"，可作表语和定语。女口：Hehasbeenillforweekso（ill表示"生病的"）比较：ThesedaysIusuallyhaveillluck,（ill表示“坏的"） Thisisasickman.这是位病人。比较：Theoldmanissick.那位老人生病了。疑难点十good,nice,fine和well的比较。1.good是形容词，作表语和定语，表示某种东西内容好或人的品德好等。如：Heisagoodboy.2.nice是形容词，作表语和定语，表示“令人喜悦的。讨入喜爱的"人、味道、言语、天气等。如:Todayisaniceday.Thebreadtastesnice.3.fine是形容词，作表语和定语。表示天气好，气质好，发育好等。女口：afineday,afinegirl4.well是形容词和副词。作形容词时，只作表语，指“身体健康的女口：Idon"tfeelwelltoday.我今天感到不舒服。疑难点+-present作前置定语时，表示“目前的，现在的S作表语和后置定语时，表示"至U场的"。如：thepresentproblem当前的难题,peoplepresentatthemeeting岀席会议的人。疑难点十二alone“独自的”，是表语形容词；lonely”（内心）孤独的。（地方）荒凉的”。如：Theoldmanlivesalonebuthedoesn"tfeellonely.老人独处，但不感到孤独。能力提升I.单项选择（）1.Mysisterisaworker.Sheistwoyearsthanme.A.older;elderB.elder;elderC.cldcr:oldcrD.oldcr;oldcr()2.—Thedishisdelicious!-Wellatleastit!s_theoneIcookedyesterday.A.asgoodasBworsethanC.aswellasD.asbadas()3.HarryPotterisinterestingstory.Ihavereaditseveraltimes.A.mostB.themostC.amostD・very()4•一Ischemistrymoredifficultthanphysics?—No,chemistryisn"tasasphysics.A・easyB.difficultC.easierD.moredifficult()5.Chinahasapopulationandlonghistory.A・manyB・largeCmuchD.big()6.一Whatdoyouthinkofthelecture(演习)ofLiYang"sCrazyEnglish.? —Ithinkit"s_,butsomeonethinksit"smuchtoo_.A.wonderfulenough;boredB.enoughwonderful;boringC.wonderfulenough;boringD.enoughwonderful:bored()7.Ourteacherwasn"t_yesterday.A.pleaseB.pleasedC.pleasingD.pleasure()8.Supermarketsarenecessary.Peopleusuallyspend_timefindingthingstheywant,buttheyusuallyspend_moneythantheywant.A.less；lessBless；moreCfewer；lessDfewer；more()9."Youmustkeep_inthelibrary/"thelibrariansaidtomeinalowvoice.A.quitequietB.quietlyquiteCquietquiteD.quitequietly()10.Theexperimentwaseasierthanwehadexpected・AmoreB.muchmoreCmuchD.moremuch()11.—Jim.howareyoufeelingnow?—Much_.Idon"twanttoeatanything・A.betterB.badC.worseD・healthier()12.—Whydidn"tyouenjoythefilm?—Itwas_filmthatIhadeversaw.A.themostinterestingBtheleastinterestingCmoreinterestingD.lessinteresting()13.MylittlebrotherXinxinisgettingLAtallerandtallerB.moreandmoretallC・tallandtallerD.moretallerandtaller()14.Ifyouwanttobe_,youhavetoeat_foodandtake_exercise.A.thinner;less;moreB.thinner;little;moreC.thin;few;lessD・thinner:fewer;less ()15.Weofferedhimahousefor$50,500,_itwasworth.A.asmuchastwiceB・asmuchtwiceasC.astwicemuchasA.twiceasmuchas()16.HanMei,youhavetokeepyourownroom_.A.totidyB.tidyingC.tidyD.tidied()17.Augusttheeighthwasoneofdaysintheyear2008.TheOlympicGameswasheldinBeijingsuccessfully.A.excitingB.moreexcitingC.themostexcitingD・muchexciting()18.—Areyoufeeling_?―Yes,Fmfinenow.AanywellBanybetterC.quitegoodDquitebetter()19.SpiderManisanfilmforchildren,buthedon"tseeminitatall.A.interesting;interestingB.interested;interestedC・interesting;interestedD.interested;interesting()20.1wanttogotocollegetohaveastudy.A.farthestB.furtherC-fartherD-furthest二、下列每个句子中均有一处错误，请指岀并改止。1.YoulookmoreyoungerthanI・误:正：2TheweatherofXi"aniscolderthanHaikou.误:正：1.ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAfrica.误:正:4.Sheisthetallestinthefourgirls.谋:.IE：1.Whenyoulearnthepiano,you"llfinditnotdifficultyifyoupractiseitalot. 误:iE：1.Thebirthdaycaketastedsowellthatitwaseatenupquickly.误:—正：—2.Themorecarefulyouare,thefewmistakesyouwillmake误:正：&Whichjacketdoyoupreferbetter,theredoneortheblueone.谋:.IE：1.Tmsureyouwillhaveawonderfultime.误:正：2.Gregistallerofthetwo.误：正：三、写岀下列词的反义词。1.Weareindifferentteams>buttheyareintheteam.2.Bequick!Dorftbetoo.3.Herbrotherisrude,butsheisveryL4.Thisquestioniseasytoanswer,Thatoneistoo.5.Ithinkyouarehappy.Infactyouare.6.Thewindowsareopen.ButthedoorisL7.Don"tbecareless.WeshouldbeL&Youwillbeifyoustayathome.Butifyougoout,itwillbedangerous9.Heisn"tafraidofanyanimal.Wesaythatheisaman.疑难突破I.单顼选择。()1・Ourmonitortakesmoreexerciseeveryday,forhebelieves_hedoes,_he"llbe.A.theless;thestrongerB.themore;thethinnerC.themore;thestrongerD・mor®stronger ()2.Thoughhisgrandmotherlives_,sheneverfeels_LA.alonc;aloncB.lonely;lonelyC.alone;lonelyD.lonely;alone()3.JuliaisverycleverJnfactjdoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas_IQ.A.ahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighest()4.Dearstudents,pleasereadeverysentencecarefully._youare,_mistakesyoullmake.AThemorecarefully;thefewerBThemorecareful;thelessCThemorecarefully;thelessDThemorecareful;thefewer()5.ManyChinesestudentsthinksciencesubjectsare_foreignlanguages.A.moredifficultasB.lcssdifficultthanC.muchdifficultthanD.thansodifficultas()6.Beijing,thecapitalofChina,isoneof_citiesintheworld.()7.1thinkBobisthesuitablepersontotakethejobbecausehecandotheworkwellwith_moneyand_people・A.less;lessB.less;moreC.more;fewerD.less;fewer()8.Theboydoesn"tspeakhissister,buthiswrittenworkisverygood.A.aswellasB.sogoodasC・morebetterthanD.moreworsethan()9.TakingbusesinBeijingisthantakingtaxies.A.morecheaperB.muchcheaperC.lesscheaper()10.—Lookatthatmodelship・—Iknow,butitlookslikearealone.Itfsjust.A.smallB.verysmallC・smallerD.smallest()11.—WhodidEnglishhome-workbetter,LeoorNick?—Leowasmorecareful.IthinkLeodid_Nick.A.asgoodasB.aswellasC・betterthanD.worsethan()12.—Idon"thaveenoughmoney.Thiswatchistooexpensive—Look,therearesomemoreoverthere.They"re_andnice.A.bigB.oldC.smallD.cheap ()13.—Whichprovinceisthe_oneinwinter?■■ItshouldbeHainanProvince,Ithink.A.coldestB.hotterC.warmestD.Cooler()14.—LetsbuysomecardsforourteachersonTeachers1Day.—Whynotmakesomebyhand.It"smuch_A.nterestingB.moreinterestingC・themostinteresting()15.Didyouhaveawonderfultimeattheparty?一Yes,it"s_onePveeverbeentobefore・A.amoreexcitedB.amoreexcitingC.themostexcitedD.themostexciting()16.Nowtheairinourcityis_thanitusedtobe.Somethingmustbedonetostopit.A.verygoodB.muchbetterC.ratherbadD.evenworse()17.—Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethat?—Certainly,wecanbuyonethanthis,butthis.A.abetter;betterthanB・aworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;asgoodasD・amoreimportant;notasgoodas()1&-Oh.I"mhungry.—Mum,canIhavethehamburgerontheplate?—No.Ittastes_A.terriblyB.terribleC.goodD.well()19.—WhatdoyouthinkofyourEnglishteacher?—Iloveher.Sheisreally_Shealwayshasasmileonherface.A.outgoingB.funnyC.friendlyD.serious()20.—Tim,doyouthinktimeismoney?.一Yes,butIthinkitis_money.A.moreimportantthanB.veryimportantasC.thesameasD.notimportantas()21.—Wheredidyougoonholidaythissummer?England?—Youare_.WewentonalO-daytourtoParis.A.funnyB.rightC.coolD.close ()22.1amreallyserious_,forIcan"tfindmybackpack・A.worriedB.angryC.disappointed()23.Wearenotcertain_ifitwillbefinetomorrow.A.exactB.convincingC.sure()24.Itisnotsoasyesterday,sotherearepeoplesittinginthesquare.A.cold;fewerB.warm;moreC.cold;more()25.—Howaboutthedishes?—Fantastic!Nothingtastes_A.niceB.betterC.terribleD.worse专题六副词目标定位1.掌握副词的词义辨析，尤其是相似的词，其意义有很大差异的，需要重点把握。这是中考的重点。2掌握副词的构成：一般情况卜•是形容词+ly,但有些词+ly以后，其意义发生了很大的变化，如late迟到的；而lately是“最近的，现在的S这都是中考的重点。3.重点掌握副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则，这几乎是每年中考都必然涉及的重点。尤其是不规则的变化。如:well-better-best;badly-worse-worst;little■一less-least・4.熟练掌握常用副词的分类和使用规则，比如：ago和before,almost和nearly的区别等。5•注意最高级的使用必须有比较的范围和对象。这是初学者较容易忽略的地方，应该重点掌握。1.了解副词的位置变化：一般放在动词后面。但系动词和be动词后面跟形容I■司O第一课时语法梳理一、副词的种类、作用和位置副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征、时间、地点、程度、方式等的情况的词。(-)副词的种类 如：1.WeoftenwatchTVafterdinner.2.Hewenthome/upstairsquietly.3.■一Howishedoinghishomework?■一Heisdoing(hishomework)carefully4.Ihaveonlyalittlemoney.5.Howdoyougotoschool?Whydon"tyougobybus?6.Howoftendoyougotoseeyourgrandparents?7.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathegotuplate8・Iwasawaywhenyouwerehere・Iwanttoknowhowhefinishedthework.（二）副词的作用1•作状语。用來修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句了。如：Herunsfast・Ihavebeenverybusythesedays.1.作表语，用来说明主语的状态。如：Whenthemeetingisover,givemeaphonecall.2.作主语补足语或宾语补足语，用來说明主语或宾语的状态。如Didyouseeanybodyin?Theboywasseenupstairs.3.作定语，通常后置。女Ch Allthestudentsherearemyclassmates.（三）副词的位置1.副词作状语时，通常放在谓语动词之后.如果谓语动词后带有宾语•则放在宾语之后如：HespeaksEnglishfluently・他英语说得很流利。2.频度副词作状语吋放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。行为动词之前。若有多个助动词，则置于第一个助动词之后。如：Healwaysgoestoschoolbybus.Heisalwayshappy□3.副词修饰形容词或副词吋，置于所修饰的词语之前。但是，enough修饰形容词或副词时，则要放在所修饰词Z后。如：He"stallenoughtogetthebookdown.他足够高,可以把书驭卜来。4.有些表示位置的副词，如果宾语是人称代词。该副词应放在人称代词Z后。如:putonyourHat111的yourhat被it代替时，要说成putitono 1.时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。若同时出现，则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面。如Theywentswimmingintheriveryesterday.他们昨天去河里游泳了。6•程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词Z后。女口：Fmverysadtohearthat。听到这个消息我很难过。二、副词的构成许多副词都是在形容词后直接加・ly构成的。如：quicklyo1•以-le结尾的词去e加y。如：gentle-gently02•以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加・ly。如:happily,easily。3.与形容词同形的副词。如：fast,early,hard等。三、比较等级构成1.规则变化：副词的比较等级的变法与形容词比较等级的变法基木相同，请参看专题五中“形容间比较等级的规则变化S2.不规则变化：well-better-bestbadly・worse-worstlittle—less——least;much-more-mostfar-farther/fiirther-farthest/furthest用法：副词比较等级的用法和结构与形容词的用法和结构相同，请参看专题五中“形容词比较级用法但副词最高级前不加定冠词theo一、基础训练5.slowlyA.写出下列副词的比较级和最高级形6.badly1.early2.Well_3.hard1.fast2.widelyB。根据句子意思，用括号屮所给单词的适当形式填空。1.little 1.Englishisthemost(wide)languageintheworld.1.Hearrivedatthebusstationanhour_(early)thanyesterday.2.Lookatthesun.Italwaysshines(bright)atthistimeofyear.4.1t"sbesttosay(little)anddo(much)1.Hismothercameintotheroom(quiet)•2.LiMingjumps(high)inhisschool.3.Janclooks_(bad)illtoday・&Myfatherdoeseverythingmore_(care)thanmymother二、用适当的副词代替句中的划线部分。1.Infact,whatyousaidjustnowisright.()1.Whydidshecrashthedisheswithangerontheground?()2.Hewonthefirstplaceatlast.()3.Theoldwomanlivesinawoodenhousewithoutanyotherperson.()5.1canclimbthewallwithoutanydifficulty/)1.Allofasuddenthecarranintoatalltree.()2.Healwaysdoeshishomeworkwithoutanycare.()3.Fdbetterstartatonce,()三.句型转换Tomworksharderthantheothertwoboys.=Tomworks_ofthethreeboy2.Janewenttotheparkyesterday,andJackwentthere,too.=JanewenttotheparkyesterdayandJackwentthee3.1prefersciencetoanyothersubject.=Ilikescienceothersubject.3.Whyareyoulateforasecondtime?=Whyareyoulate?4.Thesnowwasveryheavylastnight=Itlastnight.第二课时疑难拓展疑难点一原形既是形容词又是副词，但同时也存在加ly构成的副词，这两种形式的副词要区别开。常见的有：hard努力地-hardly几乎不;high（有形的）高-highly（比喻意义上的）高度地；deep（有形的）深-deeply（比喻意义上的）深深地；wide（有形的）宽-widely（比喻意义上的）广泛地；near（指时间、距离、事件等）附近，靠近-nearly几乎；most大多数-mostly大部分地；close（冇形的）靠近-closely（比喻意义上的）密切地；late 晩，迟-lately最近，近来。疑难点二muchtoo和toomuch的用法辨析muchtoo意为"实在太，非常"，修饰形容词或副词原级。如:muchtoodifficult;toomuch意为"太多"，修饰不可数名词，与toomany相对（toomany修饰可数名词复数）。如:toomuchrain,toomanywordso疑难点三already和yet的用法辨析。1.already常用于肯定句，如：Ihavefinishedalready.2.yet常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。如：Theyhaverftbeenthereyet.疑难点四too,aswell,also与either的用法辨析。1.too和aswell主要用于肯定句,常放在句尾。如HelikesEnglish,1likeit,too.Shecandanceandshecansingaswell.2.also主要用于肯定句，常放在be动词或助动词Z后，行为动词Z前。如：Shecandanceandshecanalsosing.3.either用于否定句，常放在句尾。女口：Idon"tgotoschooltoday.Hedoesn"teither.疑难点五rather和fairly意为“相当5,,rather修饰褒义词或贬义词皆可，fairly只修饰褒义词。rather•可修饰比较级或由too修饰的形容词或副词，而fairly不可以。如：Thequestionisrathertoodifficultforme.疑难点六ago和before的用法辨析。1.ago和before意为“以前匕ago是以现在为起点向前，表示“距现在多少时间以前"，常与一般过去吋连用，不能单独使用。如：Iarrivedhereafewminutesago.2.before表示从过去或将来的某个时间点算起的“以前匕常用于完成时态的句了中，可以单独使用。女口：Ihaveneverreadsuchamovingstorybefore.3・before可作连词、介词，如:Doitbeforeyouforget. before还可构成词组beforelongs4不久以后"。如:Hewillcomeherebeforelong.longbefore"很久以前”,如：Ihadseenthefilmlongbefore.疑难点七nearly与almost的用法辨析。1.almost和nearly意为"几乎,差不多"，almost可与never,nobody,nothing,no,none,too,morethan等词连用,而nearly则不可以。如：Thisisalmostmorethanwethought.2.nearly可被very或pretty修饰，而almost则不可以。如：Shelookslikehermotherverynearly.疑难点八too,enough及so的用法辨析。1.too意为“太，很”，用于“too...to...”结构，表示“太而不能”。如：Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.2.enough意为“足够”,用于“形容词/副词原级+enoughto...n结构,表示“足够以至于能"。如:Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.3.so意为"如此"用于“so...that..：结构，表示“如此以至于Itissocoldthatyou"dbetterputonyourcoat.疑难点九“not+比较级+thaiT及“no+比较级+thann的用法辨析。1・“not+比较级+than,5表示“一方不比另一方更”。如：Helendocsnotworkharderthananyotherstudentsinherclass.海伦学习不比她们班任何别的学生更努力。2・“no+比较级+thaif"表示“和......一样不，仅仅"爲如:LilyspeaksEnglishnobetterthanLucy.莉莉的英语说得跟露西一样不好。疑难点十very,much,verymuch的用法辨析。l.very常修饰形容词和副词的原级，但不能修饰动词。如：Thestoryisveryinteresting・2.much修饰形容词和副词的比较级。如： HerunsmuchfasterthanLiLei.2.verymuch修饰动词。如：Thanksverymuch,疑难点—sometimes,sometimes,sometime相sometime的用法辨析。1・sometimes意为"有时候""。如:Sometimeswearebusybutsometimeswearenot.2.sometimes意为"数次,"。如：1havebeentoBeijingsometimes.3.sometime意为"某个时候"。如:Wewillmeetsometimenextweek.4.sometime意为"一段吋间S如:Ihavebeenhereforsometime・疑难点十二大部分形容词加・ly可构成副词。但friendly友好的，lovely可爱的，lonely孤独的，ugly丑陋的，本身就是以・ly结尾的形容词，不要把这些词误认为是副词。疑难点十三everyday是副词短语，意为“每天"，用作状语；everyday是形容词，意为“平常的，日常的"，用作定语。女口：Theclassroommustbecleanedeveryday.必须每天打扫教室。TheseareeverydayEnglish・这些是H常英语。能力提升I.单项选择1.Danielplayschess,ifnotbetterthan,DavidA.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas2.Danielisacarefuldriver,buthedrives_ofmyfriends・A.morecarefullyB.themostcarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.theleastcarefully3.Travelingbyairmaybe.butnotso..A.quicker;cheaperB.morequickly,cheapC.quicker,cheapD.morequickly;cheaper4.ThoughhehasstudiedatRussianfortenmonths,hecanstillspeakthelanguage.A.hard;hardB.hardly;hardly C.hard;hardlyD.hardly,hard1.Theyalllookedattheteacherwhenhetoldthemthegoodnews.A.sadlyB.happilyC・sadD.happy2.Remembertoe-mailme.AllofushopetohearfromyouLA.quicklyB.soonC.fastD.quick3.—Mum?IthinkI"mtogetbacktoschool.一Notreally,mydear・You"dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.A.sowellB.sogoodC・wellenoughD.Goodenough4.Idonrtthinkthisshirtfitsher.Itfssmallforher.A.muchtooB.verymuchC・toomuchD.somuch5.Look!Thisisapairofnewshoesforyou.Pleasetry.A.itonB.onitC.themonD.onthem6.—doyoulikethefilm?—Veryinteresting・A.HowB.WhoC.WhatD.When11.1amtootiredtowalkanyA.fartherB.farthestC.furtherD・furthest12.Beijinghasmanybusesthatthereisoftenatrafficjaminrushhours・A.soB.veryC.tooD.much13.1fs_abeautifulstamp.A.quiteB.tooC.veryD.so14.Haveyoufoundyourpen?A.alreadyB.yetC.everD.still15.Thiskindofcellphonesells.A.goodB.wellC.niceD.fineII•下列每个句子中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1.Pmworkingdeeplyintothenightthesedaysforareport.误：—正：—2・Jimdoesn"tstudyascarefulastheotherstudentsdo. 误：—正：—2.ManyyoungChinesedon"thardlyknowaboutthehistoryoftheircountrywell.误：—正：—3.Hetoldhisparentsthatnearlynothingintheshopwasworthbuying・误：—正：—4.Hewenttothebeachbytraintwomonthsbefore・5.Thoughthebigmanpushedthedoorashardlyashecouldhedidn"topenit误：—正：—6.Itseemsthatthewarmweatherstartedmoreearlierthisyearthanitdidlastyear.误：—正：—7.Theearthisverysmallerthanthesun.误：—正：—8.Tomistheshortestofhisthreebrothers・误：—正：—9.ThoughJimplaysfootballbestinhisclass,heplaysnobetterthanI.误：—IE：—IIL用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。Litsnowed(heavy)lastnightandnoweverythinggetswhite・1.—Whatdoyouthinkofthefootballmatch?—Wonderful.Theyplayedthe(good)thistime.2.Thewindisblowing(strong).3.Afterthelongwalk,hecarftwalkany(far).4.Youmustbemore,Jim.Look,youwrote(careful).IV.根据汉语意思，完成英语句子，每空一词。1.无论如何，你必须认真回答我的问题。,youhavetoanswermyquestions.2.你能讲得更清楚一点吗？Canyouspeak 3•快点走，离车站还有三白米远。Walk!Thestationisstillthreehundredmeters•2.他通常乘公交午上学，很少骑口行车。Hegoestoschoolbybus,bybike・3.最终E机安全地到达了机场。,theplaneattheairportL疑难突破单项选择。1.allthestudentsinhisclass?XiaoMingwrites.A.Of;mostcarefullyB.In;themostcarefullyC.Of;verycarefullyD.In;muchmorecarefully2.Ourmonitortakesmoreexerciseeveryday,forhebelieveshedoes,he"llbeA.theless;thestrongerB.themore;thethinnerC.themore;thestrongerD.mow;stronger1.-Didyoufindthesmallvillageyesterday?一Yes,withoutanydifficulty,forithaschangedoveryears.A.hardlyB.greatlyC.clearlyD.nearly4•一ItseemsthatAliceneverwantstodoanythingexceptdrawpictures.—Right.That"swhatshelikestodo.A.moreB」essC.mostD」east5.1canbeanurse・I"mnotaverypatientpersonA.seldomB.everC.neverD.always4.TheInternetisveryusefulforus.Wecanfindinformation.A.easyB.easilyC.hardD.hardly5.--Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?一No,thanks.Idrinkcoffee.—Coffeeisbadformystomach.A.almostB.alreadyC.hardlyD.still8.1oftenlaughwhenIseemygrandmalearningpopsongs. shesays广Oneisneveroldtolearn•”A.tooB.soC.veryD.quite9.Chinaisdevelopingofallthecountriesintheworld.A.fastB.fosterC.fastestD・themostfast10・Irideabiketoschool.ButthismorningItookataxibecauseIgotuplate.A.neverB.sometimesC・SeldomD.usually2.Wchaven"tdecidedwcfllgotoShanghainextweek・A.whereB.whenC.whyD.who3.—Whichcolordoyoulike、blueorgreen?—Blue.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest4.Atthesportsmeeting,SimonjumpedasasDaniel・A.highB.higherC.slowD・slower5.—MrSmith,Wouldyoupleasespeakalittlemore?—Sorry!Ithoughtyouwouldfollowme・A.slowlyB.politelyC.seriouslyD.clearly6.SomestudentsspendtimeontheInternet.Theyforgettostudy,eatandsleep・Theycan"tevencommunicatewithpeopleinreallife.A.toomanyC・toomuchB・manytooD.muchtoo7.—Isawyoucometoschoolbybusthismorning.—Oh,Icometoschoolbybus,butitisrainingtoday.A.HardlyB.alwaysC.sometimesD.usually8.Asweallknow.smokingisbadforus,forchildren.A.especiallyB.recentlyC.probablyD.nearly9.Shealwaysdoesherhomeworkthanherbrother.A.morecarefulB.carefulCmorecarefullyD.carefully10.—Ididn"tknowyoutakeabustoschool.一Oh,Itakeabus,butitissnowingtoday. A.hardlyB.neverC・sometimesD.usually20・—Canyouhearme?-No,IcantWouldyoupleasespeak?A.clearlyenoughB.clearenoughC.enoughclearD.enoughclearly21.-Canyouunderstandwhat1meant?・-Sorry,Icanfollowyou.A.alwaysB.almostC・nearlyD.hardly_22.・・Howoftendoyougotoaconcert?—ever.Ifmnotinterestedinthatatall.A.UsuallyB.HardlyC.Almost23.Let"sdoit•Thereisonlyfiveminutesleft.A.hardlyB.slowlyC.quicklyD.politely24.—Wouldyoupleasedrive?Myplaneistakingoff.-Pdliketo,butsafetycomesfirst.A.fasterB.betterC.morecarefullyD.moreslowly25.—MissGaoisverypopularwithherstudents.—Yes.Herclassesarelivelyandinteresting.A.seldomB.neverC・sometimesD.always专题七介词目标定位1.熟练掌握介词in,on,at,to,from,by,with,for,about,after,before等的一般用法。2.理解“介词十时间词”的区别。女口：at对应时间点；in用于将來的时间段等。3.理解“介词十名词”作状语的用法。4•理解介词与动词及形容词的固定搭配，以及一些其他用法。2.掌握介词是种虚词，不能单独使用，必须和其他词结合使用。第一课时语法梳理 -、介词的定义和分类介词是一种虚词。在句中不能单独作为某一句子成分，它必须和名词、代词或相当于名词和代词的其他词类、短语或从句连用。用來表示与句子中其他词之间的关系。它通常放在名词或代词前，构成介词短语。介词后而的名词或相当于名词的词作介词宾语。称为介词宾语。介词可以分为三类：由•个单词构成的介词。如：等.｛独合介词］由胸个或两个以上单词合成的介词。如：inlc.cnlc.wilhin八、iHmm等〉介词分类亟;acccrdingI叭hccxu"of.nutcf.infrcnlcf,idnngwilh雀｛短语介词］一个或曲个介词和一个或儿个其他词类组合成•个短语，相当F—个介词"二、介词短语及其用法（一）介词短语的构成介词短语是以介词为中心词的词组，其构成模式通常是“介词十补足成分J 1•介词+名词+介词如infrcnlof•in“pilGof■in兰Editionlo等介词短语的构成2•形容词(或分词■涮词、连词)+介词:insteadc仁hhcadof.aparlfrom等。严连词+分词+介词女(1：a[compar「(lwilh.胛opposedto等。(二)介词短语的用法1•作定语2.作状语词短语的用法此时.一般放在被修饰的词后面.作后说定语。如:Thebookonthedeskisveryinleresting.桌上的那本书很有趣。此时，-般放在被修饰的词后而，作后置状语。如:HelikentoAwimintheriver.他菖欢去河里游凉T"[｝作表语此时.二般放在be动词或连系动词后面。如:lVnnndutyglay.今天我值日厂三、时间介词的用法(一)at.on,in1.at用于表示具体时刻(at5O"clock,at7：30),也可用于周定搭配(atnoon/night/theend)中。2.on用于表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上(onMondaymoming/afternoon/evening),也可用于节日前(onChristmasEve)«3.in用于表示月、季节、年和泛指的上午、下午或晚上(intheevening,inMay,in1994,inspring),也可接一段时间，表示从现在算起的一段时间Z后，用于将來时中。如：We"llmeetintwoweeks.during+一段时间/一项活动过程，指某期间的动作。如：duringthewar战争期间。(二)since,forl.since+表示过去具体时间点的词或从句，指从过去某时一直延续至今的动作或状态,主句用完成时。女比1havelivedheresincetwoyearsago.2.For+段时间，指动作延续贯穿整个过程，主句用完成时。女II：IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor3years.（三）after,in 1.after+—段时间，指以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时。如：WearrivedinBeijinglastFridayandafter3days,weleftforShanghai.2.after+具体时间点，指过去或将來某个时间之后，谓语用过去时或将來时。如：HewillgotoLondonafter7:00.3.in+—段时间.指从现在算起的一段时间之后，谓语用将来时，而IIin后不能接表示具体时间点的词。如：He"llbebackintwodays.（四）by1.by+将來的具体时间点，指动作延续到将来具体时间点为止，谓语用一般将来时或将来完成时。女口：Supperwillbereadyby6:00.2.by+过去的具体时间点，指动作延续到过去具体时间点为止，谓语用过去完成时。如：Ihadlearnedmorethan2000Englishwordsbytheendoflastyear.（五）until,before1.until用于否定句中，意为“直到……才”，其前的谓语动词用短暂性动词。如：Theworkwon"tbefinisheduntiltomorrow.2.until用于肯定句中。意为“直到……为止”，其前的谓语动词用延续性动词。如：Iwillworkhereuntil6:00.3.before+具体时间点,意为“在……之前”，其对应的介词为aftero如：Hewillbebackbefore11:00.四、表示地点和方向的介词（一）in,on,to1.in表示在某一-地区之内的方位，属于该范围。女山ShanghailiesintheeastofChina..上海位于中国东部。2.on表示与某一地区接壤的某方位，不属于该范围。如：NorthKorealiesonthenortheastofChina.朝鲜位丁•中国的东北部。3.to表示在某一地区Z外的某方位，不属于该范I韦I。$11：JapanliestothecastofChina.日本位于中国的东部。（二）over,above,on1.over表示在某一-物体的正上方，不接触。女口：abridgeovertherivero 1.above表示在某一物体的上方，但不一定垂直，也可指温度、海拔等的刻度。如:thecloudsabovemyhouseo2.on表示在某一物体的上面,两物体接触。如:abookonthedcsko（三）under,below1.under表示在某一物体的正下方,与over相对。如：acatunderthetable02.below表示在某一物体的下方，但不一定垂直，也可指温度、海拔等的刻度，与above相对。如：Yourtemperatureisbelow37摄氏度.（四）infrontof,inthefrontof;befbre,behind,opposite1.infrontof表示“在之前"，在范围之外。如：Thereisatreeinfrontofmyhouse.2.inthefrontof表示"在前部”,在范围之内。如:Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.3.before表示“在Z前",在范围Z外，所表示的位置关系和infrontof通用。如：Hestandsbeforeme.但before更多的是用来指时间。4.behind表示"在后面"。与infrontof和before相对。如：Thecatisbehindthedoor.5.opposite表示"在对面女口:Hesatoppositemeonthetrain.（Il）at.in.on1.at表示在较小的地点。如：athome,atashop,atschool2.in表示在较大的地方。如：inBeijing,inNewYoTk3.on表示在一个平面上。如:apictureonthewall（A）near/nearby,by/beside1.near/nearby表示"在附近二有一段距离。如：near/nearbymyhome。2.by/beside表示"在旁边"，甚至能触摸到。如:Don"tstandby/besidethefire.（七）between,among,round/around/aboutBetween表示"在两者之dHT。女口：betweenthetwofarms。among表示“在三者或更多者Z问如：Sheisthebeststudentamongal1ofus.3.如果把三者及以上的人或事物分别看待。指两者之间.也可MJbetweeno如： Thereisn"tmuchdifferencebetweenthethreeofthem.他们三个（两者）之间没有太人差异。1.round/around/about表示"围绕,在周围”。指时间时表示"大约"。如：round/around/abouttheschool在学校周围；round./around/aboutsixo*clock人约6点钟。（八）across,through,past,over,along,down1.across强调穿过某一平面。如：goacrossthestreet«2.through强调从某一空间内穿过。如:gothroughtheforesto3.past强调从某事物的一旁经过。如：Thecardrovepastmyhouse.4.over强调从平面的一边到另一边或越过某一高度，如：flyoverthehilk5.along/down表示"沿着（街道、河流等）"。如：goalong/downtherivero（九）into,outof.onto,off1.into表示“进入"。如：gointothehillo2.ourof表示出來”。女II：runoutoftheroorrio3.onto表示"到另一个平面上”o如:Don"tjumpontothedesk.4.off表示"脱离某—地方”。如：getoffthecaro五、其他介词（一）表示工具、手段和材料的介词：with,in,by1•with指用工具,用身体的某部位或器官。如:Wcseethingswitheyes.2.by指用方法、手段.后常接动名词。如:HeimprovedhisEnglishbyreading.3.in指用某种语言、工具的具体类型等。如：inEnglish。（二）表示"包括,排除"的介词:but.except.besides1.but表示“除……之外S常与含否定意义的词连用。当but前有动词do时，but后省略女II：Ihavenothingtodotodaybutwashmyclothes.2.except表示"除之外”,指从整体中排除except所带的人或物。女口EveryoneishereexceptJack.1.besides表示“除。。。之外还有”,指在原来基础上加上besides所带的人或物。如:Besidesreading,Ilovelisteningtomusic.（三）表示属性的介词:ofof表示"属于。oo的abookofmine我的一本书。（四）表示來源的介词:from from表示“來自。。。”。女口：agirlfromAmerica一位來口美国的女孩。（五）like,without,against,about,towards1.without表示"没有。。。"。如：Ican"tsucceedwithoutyourhelp.2.like表示"像"；as表示"担任,作为，像"。女II:Don?tdolikethis.3.against表示"反对"，与for相对（for•表示"同意"）。女口：Lessthanhalfofmyclassmatesareagainstme.4.about表示"有关女口：Whatdoyoutalkabout?5.towards表示"朝，向"。如：Hewenttowardswest.六.介词的省略1.表示时间的短语中如果有next,last,one,this,every,each,some,any,all等单词时，不用介词，女Iwillseeyounextweek.我下周来看你。Youcancomeanydayyoulike.你哪一天来都行。2•在不定冠词a/an的短语中，不用介词。女口：threetimesaday每天三次;anappleaday每天一苹果。1.含有height,length,size,shape,age,colour等量词的短语在句中作衣语，短语前不用介词。如：Whatcolourisherdress?她的裙子是什么颜色的？Sheisthesameageasme.她和我同龄。［记忆口诀］早，午，晚用in;at黎明，午，点与分；on年，月，季节和周；阳光，灯，影，衣帽in;将来时态介词in.基础训练I.从所给介词中选择适当的词填空。1.at,on,in a.Mid-AutumnDayb.aquartertotenc.the21stcenturyd.acoldmorning1.since,for,froma.IhavebeenlearningEnglishover20years.b.HehasstudiedEnglish2008.c.nowon,IwilllearnEnglishinthemornings.2.in.aftera.WeUlmeetagaintwoweeks.b.WestartedoutfortheUnitedStatesonJulythefirstan20hours,wearrivedatLosAngelesAirport・c.supper,Iusuallytakeashortwalk.3.by,until,duringa.Wehadlearned5,000Englishwordstheendoflastyear.b.Iwaitedformymothershecamehome.c.heliveswithusthethreeyears.4.in,on,toa.KoreaistheeastofChina.b.JapanistheeastofChina.c.ShanghaiistheeastofChina・5.over,above,under,belowa.TheaveragetemperatureinsummerinQingdaois30.Itisverycool.b.Thedoglaythebed.c.Theplaneflewtheclouds.d.Thebridgetheriverhasalonghistory.6.with，in,bya.Youcanseeityourowneyes・b.Whydon^twegotherecarinstead?c.HemadethespeechEnglish. 1.across,through,overa.Becarefulwhilewalkingthestreet.b.Walkthegateandyou911seetherestroom.c.Theplaneflewalineofmountainsinthesoutheast.II.用介词短语将下列词组译成英语。1.在秋季的_天2.不同于3.起初4.问题的答案5.独立地6.在格林家7.按时8.-寻找第二课时疑难拓展疑难点一1.onthetree表示枝、叶、果实等长“在树上如：Therearemanyapplesonthetree.2.inthetree表示人或其他物体“在树上"。如：Thereisakiteinthetree.3.onthewall表示物体挂或粘贴“在墙上”；inthewall表示门或窗等嵌“在墙上二如：Thereisaholeinthewall.疑难点二1.常用在后，表示“出发去某地/离开去某地”，foi■后接目的地。如：WeareleavingforShanghaithisafternoon.2.to常用在go,come,moveretum等词之后，to后接目的地。如I：Iwon"tgototheparkthisweekend.3.towards意为“向,朝”,只强调运动的方向,没有“到达目的地”之意。如: Hewentawaytowardsthesea.疑难点三at与某些动词连用，表示攻击的目标，含恶意。如：heshoutedatme,“Goout!"to只表示方向，无恶意。如I:Hesaidtome,"Bringyourraincoatwithyou!,^疑难点四1.表示旅行方式，by后接表示交通工具的名词时，名词用单数形式，且不带冠词和任何修饰语。女口：Hegoestoschoolbybus.2.on/in后接表示交通工具的名词吋，名词前应用冠词，物主代词或指示代词等修饰；在开放型或半开放型的交通工具前用on,在封闭型交通工具前用in.3.另外还可用bysea/air/land等表示旅行方式。疑难点五1.inthepast表示"在过去"，谓语动词用过去时。女0:Iwenttoschoolbybikeinthepast.2.inthepast+时间段表示“在过去。。。中匕谓语动词常用现在完成时，表示从现在g起的过去的时间段，包扌舌此时此刻在内。如：Ihavestudiedthereinthepastthreeyears.疑难点六1.ofsb用于Ttis+adj.+ofsb+todosth"句型号屮，形容词为kind,clever,helpful等描述人物性格特征的词。如:Itiskindofyoutohelpme.2.forsb用于"Itis+adj汁fbrsb.+todosth.”句型中,形容词为easy,hard,important等不描述人物特征的词。如:Itisdifficultformetomakegreatprogress.疑难点七1.to作介词，后面接名词，代词或动名词。如:IlookforwardtogoingtoNanjing.2.含介词to的词组一定要牢记。$ll:payattentionto,lookfowardto（盼槊，期待）,getusedto,prefer...to...疑难点八“动词+介词"短语中，宾语只可以放在介词之后。女口：lookafterher;"动词+副词""短语中，宾语是名词吋，可放在副词前或后；宾语是代词吋，只可放在动词和副词Z间。如:turndowntheTV=tumtheTVdown=tumitdown.疑难点九1.bemadeof"由。。。制成”,后接看得见的原材料。如:Ourdesksarcmadeofwood.2.bemadefrom44由。。。制成"后接看不见的原材料。如:Thiskindofwineismadefromwheat.3.bemadein46在。。。地方制造"。如:TheseclothesaremakeinChina. 1.bemadeinto"制成。。。"女PI:Thepieceofpapercanbemadeintoapaperplane.2.bemadeupof"由。。。组成女口：Ourgroupismakeupoffourmembers.疑难点十1.beusedtodosth44被用来做。。。"。$11:Thiswoodisusedtomakechairs.2.beusedforsth44被用来做。。。"。$11:Thiscanalsobeusedforfood.这也可以用作食物。3.beusedas"被当做。。。来使用"。$0:Thestoneisusedasachair.4.beusedbyct被。。。使用"。女13:thearmchairisusedbymygrandpa.5.be/getusedtosth/doingsth44习惯于做。。。"。女U:Igetusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.6.usedtodosthtc过去常常做。。。"。如I：Iusedtogotoschoolbybus.疑难点十一1.befamousfbi■"因。。。而闻名"。如I：LuXunwasfamousforhisworks.2.befamousas44作为。。。而闻名女口：LuXunwasfamousasawriter.疑难点十二表示时间的介词at,on,in在next,last,this,these,today,yesterday,tomorrow,one,any,every,each及all等词前要省略。如thismorning,everyweek等。能力提升I.单项选择()1.Thenewrailwaystationisaboutfivekilometersthevillage.A.awayB.awayfromC.farfromD.farawayfrom.()2.・Dad,lookatthebuilding.Itisonfire.-Call119mobilephonerightnow・A.inB.byC.onD.with()3.Doyouknowtheyoungladyyourmotheristalking?A.whoB.whomC.withD.withwho.()4.-Whatdoyouoftendoclassestorelaxyourself?-Listentomusic.A.overB.amongC.betweenD.through ()5.1hopeallofyoucanhandyourhomeworktimeeveryday.A.out;inB.in;inC.in;onD.in;at()6.Mr.LisaidhewouldshowthestudentstheNewYorkCity,whichisfamoustheworld.A.about;atB・around;inC.through;inD.towards;around()7.Let"sgotheroad・Theshopistheotherside.A.across;onB.cross;onC.through;inD.between;on()&-Areyougoingtoschoolbus?A.by;byB.from;byC・by;inD.in;at()9.Thelittleboytrippedastoneandoneofhisfeetwasbadlyhurtarainyday.A.over;inB.over;onC.at;inD.at;on()10.finemornings,oldpeoplegettogetheranddoexercisesbythelake.A.OnB.AtC.ToD.In()11・Sanyaisinthesouthoftheislandanditisfamous"TianyaHaijiaotA.asB.forC.inD.at()12.-WhatdoyoucallthisinEnglish?-Ifsastamp.Itisusedsendinglettlers.A.forB.toC.withD.by()13.Herearesomeflowersyouourbestwishes.A.to;forB・for;withC.of;toD.from;to()14.Thesecoatsaredifferentsize・A.fromB.ofC.toD.in()15・-Yourcoatlooksnice・Whatisit?-Cotton.A.madeofB.madeinC・madefromD.madeby()16・Theteacher,hisbookhand,comeovertotheblackboard・A.with;inB./;inC.on;onD.with;/()17.ShegavethestudentsalessonMr.Wang・A.insteadB.insteadofC.insteadonD.insteadin ()18.IfsveryniceyoutogetmetwoticketstheWorldCup.A.by;byB.from;byC・by;inD・in;at()19.Myparentsarepleasedmyschoolworkthisterm.A.onB.toC.inD.with()20.Todaysomenewly・produceclmobilephonescantakepicturesacamera.A.asB.forC.likeD.ofII.根据句子意思，填入适当的介词，使句子完整。1.Theredbasketisfullstrawberries.2.Howareyougettingonyourphysics?3.theendoflastweekhehadfinishedone-thirdofthework.4.Hismotherisneverworriedhim.5.Thesquareiscoveredcolourfulflowers.6.Youhavetosendadoctoratonce.7.Dorftplayfire!It"sverydangerous・8.Ioftengooutawalkaftersupper.9.Itkeptrainingawholeweek.10.mygreatsurprise,hefailedintheexam.11.Congratulationsyouyourgreatsuccess.12.Dorftlaughothers.Ifsimpolite.13.Thegirlmademoneysellingflowers.14.Allthesethingswillbetalkednextweek.疑难突破单项选择()1.Sallyisveryhappy.Thereisabigsmileherface.A.onB.toC.inD.at()2・・It"sveryimportantustomakeaplanbeforeanewterm.-Yes.Youmusttrytomakeitcarefully.A.ofB.forC.toD.on ()3.1t，sverykindyou.Thankyouforyourhelp・A.ofB.forC.toD.on()4.A11ofuswenttotheparkBob.Hehadtolookafterhissister.A.besidesB.withC.except()5.・Wc，llhaveahikingtrip,butwhenshallwcmeet?・Let"smakeithalfpasteightthemorningofJune21•A.at;inB./;onC./;inD./;at()6.Thelittleelephantisafraidtogoalone.Healwayswalkshismother.A.besideB.behindC.belowD.under()7.MarieCurie,thefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize,wasbomNovember,1867,inthecityofWarsawinPoland.A.atB.onC.inD.to()8.Thefamousactoroftenplayshischildreninthepark・A.aboutB.inC.atD.with()9-Peter,canyoutellmethedifferencesthefourwords?-Sorry,Idon"tknow.A.betweenB.amongC.for()10-Frank,whenwilltheshortmeetingbegin?-Youshouldcome2:30・Ifyoucome10minutesthattime,themeetingwillbeover.A.at;beforeB.at;afterC.after;before()11-IjoinedtheLeagueMay,2008.Whataboutyou?-FvebeenaLeaguememberthreeyears.A.in;forB.on;inC・on;forD・in;since()12.Mr.Blackisstronglykeepinganimalsinthezoo,becausehethinksanimalsshouldalsohavetherighttoenjoyfreedom・A.upB・forC.againstD.down()13.MyunclehasgonetoSingapore.Hewillbeinaweek.A.outB.offC.back()14.Thiskindofdressisthisyear,andIreallywanttogetone.A.indangerB.introubleC.instyle ()15・Ifyoutrytositontwochairs,youwillfallthem.Forlife,youmustchooseonechair.A.betweenB・underC.amongD.into()16.WhileIwasstandingthewindow,Isawseveralboysrunningthestreet.A・at;alongB.on;atC.in;onD.to;in()17.TheOlympicGameswasheldAugust&2008inBeijing.A.onB.inC.atD.to()1&Theweatherhereisveryhotsummer.A.atB.onC.inD.of()19.-WhendidtheShanghaiExpoopen?・May1st,2010.A.InB.OnC.AtD.By()20.-Guess,howmuchdoesitcost?-Ithinkitcosts15and20dollars.D.withA.fromB.betweenC.among()21.-WhendidyourunclearriveChina?-HegottoGuangzhouthemorningofthe16thofApril.A.at;inB.in;inC.to;onD.in;on()22.TomtoldmehisparentshadarrivedBeijing.A.atB.onC.inD.to()23.Let"splaytabletennisTuesdaymorning,shallwe?A.onB.inC-toD.at()24.-theheavyrain,wedidn^tgocampinglastSunday.-Whatapity!A.ThankstoB.BecauseofC.InsteadofD.Asfor()25.-Canyouseesomepeoplearewaitingthelibrary?・Yes.Theyarestandinginaqueueinfrontofitsgate.A.aroundB.insideC・outside()26.-Itissaidthatanewzoowillbebuiltinourtown. ■I"mit.Zoosareterribleforanimals.A.throughB.besidesC・againstD.except()27.Nanjingisabeautifulcity.Itwon“ChinaHumanHabitatEnvironmentPrize"2008.A.atB.onC.inD.by()28.-Howdoyoutraveltoschooleveryday?-Igobus.A.onB.atC.inD.by()29.Thepolicemanhelpedtheoldwomantheroad.A.aboveB.acrossC.throughD.over()30.WewillneverforgetwhathappenedtheafternoonofMay12,2008.A.inB.byC.atD.on专题八情态动词目标定位理解情态动词的意义。注意情态动词不能单独使用，只能和行为动词或系动词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。注意区分表示“能力""吋，情态动词can与beableto的用法。掌握can,t/couldn,t表示能力时翻译为“不能够”，表示推测时翻译为“不可能J这个用法对于初学者而言比较难。掌握may表示“请求，时，其否定问答形式及其意义。掌握mustn9t表示“禁止,啲意义，不是表示推测的用法。另外，注意用must提问，其否定回答用nccdiVt,这是中考的重点。掌握need作情态动词，用于一般疑问句时，其肯定与否定回答形式及其意义。掌握表示“必须”时，must与haveto的用法区别。掌握can和may表示可能性时。在否定句屮，maynot与can%的用法及其意义。掌握should用法，这是中考重点。注意will和would的用法，这是中考的重点也是难点。第一课时语法梳理情态动词的定义及分类 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化（haveto除外，用于第三人称单词时用hasto）o情态动词后面应接动词原形。既不能接分词，也不能接不定式（oughtto除外）。情态动词具用助动词的作用，可用來构成否定句，疑问句及用作简单答语。在英语中，常用的情态动词有：情态动词的基木用法can/could的基本用法表示能力，意为“能，会"。表示现在的能力用can,表示过去的能力用could,如：ShecanspeakEnglishverywell.她说英语说得很好。Icouldcatchthebus,butIdidn"twantto.我当时能赶上车的，但我没想赶。表示许可，意为“可以表示请求别人允许自己做某吋，两者都可用，但could表示一种委婉语气。表示允许别人做某事时，一般只用can,不用couldo女口：CanIuseyourbike?我能用你的门行车吗？CouldIcomehereagaintomorrow?我明天还能来这吗？can/could表示怀疑,猜测时,意为"可能"・can"t/couldn"t意为"不可能"。如：Hecan"t/couldn"tbeonlythirty.他不可能貝有三I•岁。Thiscan"tbedonebyher•.这不口」能是她做的。can在肯定句屮表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时候会J即事情可能会发生但并不牵涉到是否真的会发生。如：Runningfastcanbeverydangerous.跑得太快有时会很危险。以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定和否定回答分别用can和carft；以could开头的一般疑问句，其肯定和否定回答分别用could和couldn"t,但表示允许别人做某事时，其冋答用can,而不用could,如： -CouldIuseyourpen?我可以用你的钢笔吗？-Yes,ofcourseyoucan.当然可以。may/might的基本用法表示请求或许可，意为“可以"，一•般可以与can互换使用。表示请求别人允许自己做某事时，两者都可以用，但是might的语气较委婉。表示允许别人做某事时，一般只用may,不用mightomay表示请求时，其否定冋答用mustift,意为"不可以，不许，禁止"。不用maynote如：-MayIcomein?我可以进来吗？■Yes,youmay./No,youmustn"t•可以的。/不,你不可以。表示推测,"可能，也许”。might比may的语气更不肯定,maynot意为“可能不”。如：Itmayrainthisafternoon.今天卜午可能会F雨。Itmaynotbethekeytothedoor.这也许不是这扇门的钥匙。Hemightbedoinghislessonnow.他可能正在做功课。may表示祝愿，"祝愿“。如：Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！must的基木用法表示主观的义务，意为“必须，应该S女口：Youmustgetupearly.你必须早起。Imustgohomenow.我得回家了。表示推测，意为“准是，一定是"，一般用于肯定句中。在疑问句和否定句中表示推测一般用can和can"t。如：Theremustbeamistake.一定是弄错了。Someoneisknockingatthedoor.ItmustbeTom.有人在敲门，肯定是汤姆。ItcarTtbeJim.Hehasn"treturnedfromwork.不可能是吉姆，他还没下班回来。1.否定句中,mustn"t表示禁止，“不可以,不许"。以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must,而否定回答要用needn^或dorTthaveto.表示“不必要S如：-MustIcomebackbefore5:00?我必须5点前回来吗？-No,youneedn"t,/don"thaveto.不，没冇必要。（四）need的基本用法作情态动词时，表示“需要，必须“，只用于否定句和疑问句屮。用need捉问，其肯定冋答用 must,否定冋答用needn"t或hadbetternot。女口：Heneedn"tdoanything.他不必做任何事。-NeedIgonow?■我现在必须走吗？■Yes,youmust./No,youneedn"t.■是的，你必须走。/不，你不必走。（五）hadbetter的基本用法"hadbetter+动词原形”意为“最好。。。”。主权用来表示劝告或建议，否定式用hadbetternot,提问时将had提到主语前。如：You"dbettergetthereearly.你最好早点到那里。YouhadbetternotwatchTVtoomuch.你最好不耍看太多电视。（六）shall的基本用法1.shall用于第一，第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求，如：Shallwegobytrain?我们乘火车去好吗？Shallshecomerightnow?马上要她来吗?2.shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁等。如：Youshallfinishyourhomeworkfirst.你得先完成你的家庭作业。Heshallpayforthis.他一定耍为此付出代价。（七）should基本用法1.shall的过去式，用于第一、第三人称的间接引语屮，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。如：Jimaskedifsheshouldbringherfriendhere.吉姆问她是否该带她的朋友到这来。2.表示义务、职责。意为“应该"。女口：Youshouldlistentoyourteacher.你应该听老师的话。Weshouldbemorecareful我们应该更仔细些。3.表示可能性，意为“按道理说应该女口：Itshouldbeteno"clocknow.按道理说，现在应该是10点了。4.表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇、愤怒、失槊等，意为“居然，竞然J女Itshouldbeteno"clocknow.令人惊奇的是，玛丽意然喜欢杰克这样的人。（八）oughtto的基本用法 1.表示义务、职责、意为“应该"。如:Yououghttomakeanapologytome.你应该向我道歉。2.表示很大的可能性，意为“按道理说应该J女口：Theseatsoughttobeenoughforalltheguests.按道理说，座位对所冇的客人是足够的。（九）will/would的基本用法1.表示自愿做或主动捉岀做某事，如意志、愿望或决心等，主要用于每一人称。如：Iwilltrymybesttohelpyou.我会尽全力來帮你。 Iwillcometoseeyoutomorrow.我明天会去看你。1.表示请求或建议对方做某事，一般用于疑问句屮，常接第二人称。此时would比will语气更委婉。如：Willyougowithus?你跟我们一起去好吗？Wouldyouopenthewindow,please?你口J以帮我把窗户打开吗？2.表示规律、习惯、经常性、倾向性，意为“惯于，总是，总会，终归是，注定会"。如：Fishwilldieoutofwater.鱼离开水就不能活。Hewouldworkalldaywithoutrest.过去他总是一天干到晚，从不休息。（十）usedto的基本用法1.usedto表示过去习惯的动作或过去的状态，但是现在并不如此了，意为“过去常常，过去是二没有人称和数的变化，常与过去吋间状语连用。如：Heusedtowalktoschool.他过去常步行去学校。（现在不步行去学校了。）Myfatherusedtobeateacher.我父亲过去是一个教师。（现在不再是教师了。）2.其否定形式为usedrftto或didn"tuseto。其一般疑问句形式是将used提到主语前或用"Did...useto?"的形式。如:Heusedn"ttobesoforgetful.他过去不那么健忘。（他现在很健忘。）DidTomusetogetupearly?汤姆过去一大早就起床吗？（-）haveto的基木用法haveto通常指由于客观原因而不得不做某事，意为“不得不“。haveto的否定句和疑问句构成往往要借助于助动词do的适当形式或助动词Willo如：Itwasraining.Hehadtostayathome.天止卜得l：kj,他不得不待在家里。［记忆口诀］情态动词两要点,动词原形跟后而;说话语气较委婉,can表“能力”may“许可"；must"责任,或“义务",否定冋答换needn"t；should"应该",would“愿"haveto“被迫"表客观。基础训练I•从括号内选择适当的词填空，使句子完整。1.—CouldItakethisseat,sir?-Yes,you.(can,could) 1.ItbeveryhotinnorthChinainsummer,(can,may,should)3.1havejustmethimonthestreet.HebeinBeijingnow.(can"t,maynot,mustn"t)1.Peterphone.Ifhedoes,couldyouaskhimtoringlater?(can,must,may)2.youMerryChristmas!(May,Will)3.Youspitinpublic・(nccdn£mustrft)4.Youcometoschoolsoearly.(neednft,mustn"t)5.TellJerrythathegetagiftifheisnice,(will,shall)9.1thinktoda/schildrenreallylearntorespecttheirelders.(need,should)10.Peoplediewithoutairorwater.(shalhwill)11.用方框屮所给情态动词的适当形式补全对话。can.could・haveto.may.need,wouldlike1.A:Doyouhaveenoughmoney?B:No.Istilltenyuan.2.A:What"sthetimenow?B:It"snearlyteno"clock.A:Oh.myGod.Igonow.3.A:youdriveacar?B:No,Ican"t.Ithinkit"stoodifficult.4.A:youtocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow?B:Ito.ButIlookaftermygrandmotherbecausesheisillinhospital5.A:yougivemeahand?Theboxistooheavy.B:OK.Fmcoming・按要求完成句了，每空一词。1•李雷八岁吋还不会游泳。LiLeiwhenhewaseightyearsold.1.她说她下午可能会来的。 Shesaidthatshehereintheaftemoon.1.-我必须今天完成家庭作业吗？不，你不必。—myhomeworktoday?No,.2.你应该向梅梅道歉。YoutoMeimei3.你最好州告诉他这件事。Youhimthis.4.-我能帮助你吗，■■好的，我想要一件外套。―Iyou?―Yes.Iacoat.5.邮局离这儿有点远.你最好坐车去。Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.takeabus.6.CanIyoufindthemap?（作肯定回答）,1•第二课时疑难点一can不表示过去在具体场合下已经成功做成某事的能力，此时需要用was,/wereableto,强调经过努终于成功做成某事。如I：Wewereabletofinishthetaskontime•我们能按时完成任务。疑难点二can和may表示可能性时.在否定句中，maynot"可能不"，语气不肯定；can"t表示“不可能"，语气很肯定。如：Marymaycomeormaynotcometoday.玛丽今天有LJ能來,有可能不來。疑难点三would,should,could,might等过去式冇时不表示过去，而是表示更委婉、客气的语气。如：Couldyouhelpme?你能帮我一卜吗？疑难点四表示“必须”时，must指要做某事的愿望发白内心的，表示主观的必要性。如：ImustgotoJack"sbirthdayparty我必须去杰克的生日聚会。而haveto指做某事是被动的。受某种压力而为的，表示客观的需要。haveto有人称、数和时态的变化。女II：HehastogotoschooleverydayexceptSaturdaysandSundays.除了周/弋和周日他每天都得去上学。Shedidrfthavetocomesoearly.她没必要来这么早。 疑难点五must用在肯定句中表示推测意为“肯定S表示否定推测时，应用caHt,意为“不可能Smustn"t意为“禁止,不允许”,不可以表示推测。如:Youmustbetired•你一定累了。Itcan"beourEnglishteacher.HehasgonetoBeijing.nJ能星我们的英语老师。他己经去了北京。疑难点六maybe屮的may为情态动词，后如动词原形be.用在句屮，maybe为副词，意为"大概.也许"，，和当于perhaps,用于句首。如:Itmaybeuseful.这可能有用。Maybeyouarerightthistime.也许这次你是对的。疑难点七表示征求列方的意见或请求吋,will用于第二人称屮，shall用于第一、第三人称中。如：Willyoupleasehelpme?你能帮我吗？ShallIcomeagain?J还能再来吗？能力提升I.单项选择。()1・-Mum,Iplaycomputergames?--Yes,youcan.Butyouhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.mustB.mayC.willD・need()2・—I_istenlIsthatKateplayingthepianointheroom?—No.ItbeKate.ShehasgonetoLondon.A.maynotB.needn^tC.mustnftD.can"t()3.Thebabyistooyoung・Yougiveherbigpiecesoffood・A.mayB.mustC.maynotD.mustn"t()4.Wehopethatasmanypeopleaspossiblejoinusforthecharityshowtomorrow.A.needC.mustD.should()5.I"msorry.Igonow.Myfathertoldmeonthephonethatmymotherwasill.A.canB.mayC・havetoD.need()6.—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?—Well,ifyouknow,hernameisJoe.A.mustB.mayC.canD.shall()7.—Whereismyumbrella?一It"sfinetoday.Youtakeanumbrellawithyou. A.canftB.needn"tC・mustn"tD.shouldn"t()8.—theexampaperbehandedinrightnow?—No,itdoesn"thaveto.Youmayhanditinbefore11:30・A.CanB.MustC.ShouldD.May()9.-somemorepeopletodothework?.—Yes,1thinkwedo.A.NeedweaskforB.DoweneedtoaskforC・NeedwetoaskforD.Dowcneedaskfor()10.HenrybeathomebecausehetelephonedmefromBeijingjustamomentago.A.needn"tB.isn"tabletoC・canftD.doesnot()11.youliketocometomyparty?A.ShallB.WouldC.ShouldD.Will()12•―youplayfootballwithus?—Sorry.I.1tidymyroom.1A.Will,won"t;mustB.Could;couldn^t;couldC・Can;can"t;havetoD・May;mayrft;must()13.Thevillagerstofetchwaterfromdirtypoolbeforeliberation.A.couldB.mustC.hadD.might()14.Whyhehaveatalkwithher?hedoittomorrow?A.may;MayB.must;MayC.can;MustD.can;Need()15.TomheinShanghaibecause1sawhimjustnow.A.mustn"tB.isn"tC・maynotD.can"t()16.Howhesobusy?A.mustyouB.needyouC.willyouD.canyou()17.TheseshoesJim"s.Ithink・A.maybeB.maybeC.mayareD.mayis()18.Petercomewithustonightbutheisn"tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD・will()19.一Ihitatreeonthewaytomeetmyfriendattherailwaystation. —Iamsurethatyouhavebeendrivingtoofast.A.needB.shouldC.willD.must()20•一Look!Itbethenewwomanmanager・—Itbeher.ShehasjustleftforShanghai.A.can,mustn"tB.must;can"tC.must;mustnftD.can"t;mustn"tI.从括号内选择适当的单词完成句子。1.—CanIopenthewindow・sir?-Yes,you.(can;could)2.Thethiefwascaughtbythepolice,sohe(hadto;must)handinallthemoney・3.Smokingisbadformyhealth,andI(haveto;must)giveup.4.Ben,don"tdrivetoofast.You(may;can;might)hittheothefscar.5.—MayItakeitout?・-I"msorry.You.(couldn"t;mustn"t)II.用适当的情态动词填空，使句了意思完整，止确。l.It!snearlysixo"clock.Jimbehereatanymoment・1.Acomputerthinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.3.Jim,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.1.JanesaidshenotgowithTom,forshedidn!tlikehim.2.wegooutforawalk?3.Heisfeelingmuchbetter.Youworryabouthim.4.youplaygameswithus?III.下面各句均有一处错误，找出并改正。1.HecansinginJapanese,andsodoI.2.FlltakepartinsomesocialactivitiessothatIcanknewmoreaboutthesociety.3.Lookout!Theknifeisverysharp.Youshouldcutyourfinger.4.Youmustn"trepairthecomputer,fbritworksquitewell.5.Youwon"tforgetwhatItoldyou.It"sveryimportant.疑难突破单项选择。()1.Itdoesn"tlooklikeTain,soyoubringyourumbrellawithyou. A.shouldn"tB.mustn"tC.can"tD.needn"t()2.Thedeskisnotdirty.Youcleanit.A.mustn"tB.shouldn5tC.needn"tD.can"t()3.一WhatisyourmothergoingtodothisSaturday?―Pmnotsure・ShegotoseemygrandmotherA.canB.mustC.may()4.It"sthelibrary!Soyouknowshoutingisnotallowedhere・A.canB・mustC.needD.may()5.—Mr.Smithmusthavebeentoyourhomethismorning.一No,he,becausehedidn"tknowmyaddress.A.couldn"tB.can"tC.mustn"tD.maynot()6.Everyonegothroughthesecuritycheck(安检)whenenteringtheWorldExpoPark.A.Yes.youmustB.No.youneedn"t・C.Yes.Ican.()7.—MustIfinishmyhomeworkatschool?―.Youcandoitathomeandhanditinnextweek・A.Yes,youmustB.No.youneedn"tC.Yes,Ican()8.—Idonftcarewhatmyteachersthink.~well,you.A.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.might()9.—Whoseshirtisthis?—ItbeLiLei"s.Itistoobigforhim.A.couldB.mustC.cantD.might()10.—Dowehavetofinishourhomeworkthisafternoon?一Yes,you.A.mustB.canC.mayD.need()11.—MustIbeinhospitalforaweek,Doctor?―No,you.Youcangobackhometomorrow.A.mustnftB.needn"tC.must()12.—Thelakeissaidtobedry.Isthattrue? —It•Look,somekidsareswimminginit.A.mustbetrueB.can"tbetrueC.maynotbetrue()13.—IsthemanoverthereMr.Brown?—Itbehim.He"smuchshorter.A.mustB.can"tC.needn"tD・may()14.—yourAmericanfriendcatwithchopsticks?・-Yes,buthecan"tusethemwell.A.CanB.ShouldC.Must()15.—Lookatthatgirl!IsitSusan?一No,itheher.Shehasgonebacktoherhometown.A.mustnftB.can"tC.needn"tD・wouldn"t()16•—It"ssuchalongway!Whatshalldo?—Youtakemycarifyouwant.A.willB.mustC.mayD.shall()17.—Look!Themanatthegatebeourheadmaster.Heisalwaysstandingthereeverymorning・一No,itbehim.Heisholdingameetingintheofficenow.A.mustcanftB.must;mustC・canft;canftD.can"t;mustn"t()18・—WhatwouldyousendtoyoursisterastheChristmasgift?-Ihaventdecidedyet.Isendherahandbag.A.shallB.mayC.must()1youswim?一Yes,butI"mnotagoodswimmer.A.CanB.MayC.NeedD.Must（）20.—Iborrowthesemagazines?・-Sorry,onlythemagazinesovertherecanbeborrowed・A.MustB.WouldC.MayD.Need 专题九动词目标定位1•熟记所学动词一般现在时的第一人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式、过去分词。2.熟练掌握系动词be的用法。3.初步掌握become,get,look,tum等系动词的一般用法。4.掌握助动词的一般用法。5.了解动词的及物和不及物动词用法。6.掌握can,must,need等情态动词的基本用法。第一课时一.动词的定义和分类。动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词可以通过木身的变化来表示动作发生的吋间以及说话人的语气、态度等。英语中动词根据不同的分类方式，可以分为不同的类型。根据动词的句法功能可以分为限定动词（谓语动词）和非限定动词（非谓语动词）；根据其词义可以将动词分为动作和状态动词。具体分类如下表所示： 又称4•灣语动词”实义动说J・如：huy,wnlk・hiiigh：连系动词・如：be.tuni居祕,助动河.如：bed“.hu、0*illo博态动i"L如I：ran.m&y・muMc—■■■■■<=>动词分类］定董・如：lubiiy.luwalk年限宦动"•“腿形式•如：twyingMlldn备:耀续杵动词.如：""化列型芒。".、型作逆遡｝试巫动词.如：5・曲忑-F(i形式.&H:boughl.wiillicTV匕>rJ爭据祠汇意冬分类丿快态词.如;he.havrtkrr|K状态动词A（一）实义动词从结构上分，实义动词又可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。1.及物动词及物动词有其木身的词义，不能单独作谓语，需接宾语才能表达完整的意思;有被动语态如：Iboughtacomputeryesterday.我昨天买了一台电脑。SheiscalledLiLibymistake.她被错认为是莉莉。2.不及物动词不及物动词本身意义完整，能单独作谓语；需接介词构成动词短语后再接宾语；无被动语态，女口：Thecarstop那辆汽车停下了。Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。3.兼作及物动词和不及物动词的动词在英语中，及物动词和不及物动词的分类不是绝对的。大多数动词随使用场合的不同而不同，既可作及物动词，不及物动词，冇时动词的意义也发生变化。作及物动同时需跟宾语；作不及物动词时不能直接接宾语。如： Thepolicemanstoppedthecar.警察叫那辆车停下。（及物动词）Thecarstopped.汽车停下了。（不及物动词）Webeganthemeetingtwominutesago.2分钟前我们开始开会。（及物动词）MayIbeginnow?找口J以现在开始吗？（不及物动词）（二）连接主语连接主语和表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词，称为连系动词。连系动词本身有词义；不能单独忤谓语。需接表语构成系表结构来表达完整的意思，说明主语的状态，性质、特征或身份，无被动语态，无进行吋态。根据连系动词的功能，可分为状态的连系动词和表示转变或结果的连系动词口。（1）表示状态的连系动词。这类连系动词常见的有：be是，feel感觉，keep保持・look看上去，seem看上去.appear看上去显得，smell來，sound听起來，stand站，lie躺，sit坐，stay保持,taste尝起来。这类系动词表示事物存在的特征或状态。其中look,sound等词后接名词作表语时，要加like.如：Heistallandthin.他又高又瘦。ShealwayskeepssilentwheneverIseeher不论我什么时候看见她,她总是保持沉默。Thisfilmlooksveryinteresting.这场屯影看起來非常冇意思。Helookslikeanactor.他看起來像一个演员。（2）表示转变或结果的连系动词这类连系动词常见的有：become变得，get变得，turn变得,come成为,go变得（往怀的方面），grow长得，fell变得,prove证明。这类动词后而常跟形容词作表语。如：Theweatherisbecomingwarmerandwarmer.天气变得越来越暖和了。Thetreesturngreeninspring.春天树变绿了。Childrenfallasleepeasily.孩子们睡得快。（三）助动词1.助动词的语法意义。助动词本身没冇词义；不能单独作谓语，需与实义动词一起构成谓语；表示疑问、否定及时态和语态或加强语气。助动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。常用的助动词有be,do,have,will,shall,should,would等。2.助动词的用法 (1)助动词be的用法①“be+现在分词”构成进行时态。如：Heisdrawingapicture他正在画画。Weareplayingfootball我们止在踢足球。②“be过去分词”构成被动语态。如：Theworkwillbefinishedin6days.工作将在6天后完成。Hishomeworkwasdonebyhisfather•他的作业是他父亲做的。③“be+动词不定式”构成一般将来时。女口：Theyarctofinishthetasknextweek.他们卜周将完成任务。⑵助动词do的用法①do/docs/did+not+动词原形，构成实义动词一般现在时■和一般过去时■的否定形式。如：Idon"twanttcomehere.我不想来这儿。Shedidn"tgotoschool.她没去上学。②do/does/did放于句首，构成实义动词一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句形式。如:Doyouthinkyouareright?你认为你对吗？Didtheyfinishtheirhomework?他们完成家庭作业了吗？③DoiTt放丁•句首构成祈使句的否定形式。如：Don"tmakenoiseintheclass不要在教室里制造噪音。Don*tbeworried不要担心。④do/does/did放在动词前，用于陈述句和祈使句来加强语气，对动词起强调作用。如:Idogotoyourhome我一定去你家。Theydohelpyou.他们肯定帮你。⑤在句了中代替已出现过的主要动词。如：Doyouwanttogothere?你真的想去那儿吗？Yes,Ido是的，我想去。(3)助动词have的用法。①have/has+过去分词：构成完成时及其否定、疑问形式。女口： Haveyoubeentherebefore?你去过那儿吗？HehasneverbeentoHongKong.他从没去过香港。①had+过去分词：构成过去完成时及其否定、疑问形式。女hHehadbeentoEnglandbeforehecamehere.在他来这儿Z前，已经去过了英国。②have/hasbeen+过去分词：构成现在完成时态的被动语态及其否定、疑问形式。如：Manycarshavebeenmadeinhisfactory.家工厂生产了许多小汽车。③had+been+过去分词：构成过去完成时的被动语态及其否定、疑问形式。如：ThiskincTtoyhadnotbeproducedbeforeyouboughtit这种玩具Z前,它述没有被生产岀来。(3)助动词shall和will的用法①shall/will+动词原形：shall用于第一人称.will用于所有人称，构成一般将来时；如：Weshallgotoschooltomorrow.明天我们要去上学。Willyoudoittonight?你今晚会做它吗？②should/would+动词原形：shall的过去式should和will的过去式would可用以构成过去将来时。如：Hedidn"tknowwhetherornotIshouldgohomeyesterdayevening.他不知道我昨晩是否该回家。Ididn*tknowwhatwouldhappenatthattime当时我不知道会发生什么。（四）情态动词1.情态动词的语法意义情态动词本身有一定意义，但不能单独作谓语.需接动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词无人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有：cacould,may,might,will,would,shall,should,oughtto,must,haveto,need,hadbetter等。2.情态动词的用法（略）（见第八章内容）《注意》have,do既可作实义动词，又可作助动词。have和do作助动词时，帮助实义动词构成各种时态和语态；但他们也可作实义动词，有其木身的意思：have拥有;do做，干。女口：Ihaveacomputer.我有一台电脑。Ididmyhomeworkjustnow.我刚刚做了家庭作业。 二•动词的基本形式动词冇五种基本形式：动同原形、dong人称单数、动词过去式、动词现在分词、动词过去分词。（一）动词原形，如：be,have,work,study,lie等。（二）动词第三人称单数形式构成方法例词一般情况宜接加work—worksstopstopslike一likeslive—lives以x・ch・sh>o结尾加passpasseswash—washesfix—fixesdodocswatchwatches■」以“辅咅字母+y”结尾•变y为istudystudiescarrycarriesfly-—flies再加・es。worryworriestry一triescry—cries以“元音字母+y”结尾的直接buy—buyssaysays加-S。play一playsstay——stays特殊变化havehasbe—is【注意】以-y结尾的动词变为现在分词,y彳、变,直接加上・ing如:play-playingstudystudyingoI.写岀下列动词的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词及现在分词形式。1.copy2.write3.stop4.lie（躺）5.watch6.pay7.run8.come9.feel10.beII.写岀下列名词的动词形式及现在分词形式。1•writer2.visitor3.teacher4.runner5.discussion6.worker 7.description8.building9.decision10.talkII.从每组单词中选中适当的词（组）并用适当形式填空。payspend1.Tinayuanforthisbagyesterday.2.Larrytwodaysreadingthisbooklastweek.talkspeaksaytell3.Let"saboutthisquestiontogether.4.Mygrandmaoftenmeherstories.5.ShecanalittleChinese.6・Mr.KingthatChinaisagreatcountry.wearputonindress7.Thewomanredismyaunt.8.Tomisn"toldenoughtohimself9.Manystudentsglasses.10.yourhatwhenyougoout.Ifscoldoutside・readseelookwatch11•Theoldmanisapieceofnewspaperatthedesk.12.Wouldyouliketothesoccermatchwithme?13.Idon"tknowthiswordIhavetoitupinthedictionary.14.Canyousomepicturesonthewall?.arriveget15.PleasegivemeacallwhenyouinParis.16.AfterIhome・IbegantodomyhomeworkIII.用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.Don"t(laugh)atotherswhentheyareintrouble.2.InChina,thenumberoftheInternetusers(be)55millionin2002.3.There(be)somefruitjuiceinthebottle.Passittome，please.4.Youshouldnot(make)anoiseinclass-5.You(take)atraintriptoBeijinglastweek,didn"tyou?6・Someonecalledmeyesterdayevening,7.Yourmother(look)young.8.Hisface(turn)redafterfindingthetruth.9.—Whosingsbestinyourclass?・-Jane(do).10.1didn^tgotoseethefilmbecauseI(see)it.II.选出意思相同或相近的词或短语。()1・Letmelookatyourmodelplane.A.seeB.havealookatC.findD.watch()2.1didn"tremembertobringmyhomework.A.forgetB.don"tforgetC・didn"tforgetD.forgot()3.MymotherenjoyedtheTVprogrammeverymuch.A.likedB.watchedC.sawD.hated()4.Shehadalookatthebeautifulflower.A.lookedatB.tookC.sawD.watch()5.Whowilltakecareofthesickchildren?A.lookforB.lookafterC.lookatD.lookup()6.Let"sstarttostudynow.A.beginB.sellC.takeD.set()7.Thegirlisinablueskirt・A.putonB.hasC.haveD.wears()8.Thetouristwentacrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightwasgreen.A.wentalongB.wentthroughC.crossedD.walkedover ()9・Whensomeoneisintrouble,givehimahand・A.helphimB.putupyourhandC・borrowyourhandD.takeawayyourhand()10.We"llhaveameetingtotalkaboutanimportantthing.A.speakB.discussC.tellD.say第二课时疑难拓展疑难点一系动词后面的表语可以是形容词、名词、动名词、不定式、介词短语，但不可以是副词.女hThorangetasteswell.(误)Theorangetastesgood(正)疑难点二助动词dorft放在句首，构成否定祈使句，而doesrft和didrft无此用法。如：Don"tbelateagain!疑难三1•实义动词do在否定句和疑问句中，耍与助动词do/does/did连用。如：WhatdoyoudoonSundays?(第一个do为助动词,第二个do为实义动词)1.实义动词have当“有”讲时其否定形式和疑问形式可以用两种方法进行变化，即用助动词do/does/did或直接用have/has/had.女］|：Haveyoutimetoplaywithus?=Doyouhavetimetoplaywithus?疑难点四1•根据动作或状态是否能延续，动词又可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示一种可以持续的行为过程或状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用；如果延续性动词要表示一•时的动作时,口J以在该动词询加get/begin/come□如：Whendidyougettoknowhim?你什么时候候认识他的？2.终止性动词表示行为或过程是短暂瞬间完成的，不可与表示一段时间的状语语连用，不用于while间状语从句中；但终止性动词的否定式可与表示段时间的状语连用。如：Thesnowhasn"tstoppedsincethreehoursago.雪三个小时都没停。疑难点五颜色的变化一般用turn。女［I:turngreen;天变黑一般那用get/growo女口：get/grow darker;天气变暖或变冷用become或get。如：becomewarmer;天变长或变短一般用geto如：Thedayisgettinglongerinsummer；人的情绪变化一般用get.如：getangry,表示心高、变老等一般用grow。如：growolder,表示往好的方面变一般用come。如：cometrue；表示往坏的方面变一般用go。如：gomad,gowrongo疑难点六come+a+单数名讨，或“turn十单数名词"表示“成为一个什么样的人S女becomeadoctor,turndoctor等。疑难点七1.speak说话，强调动作，可作及物动词，后接语言(speakEnglish)还可作不及物词用，意思是"对说”。如:Hespoketomejustnow.2.say说，强调内容，只作及物动词，后接说话内容。如：Hesaid,46You9rewrong.^^3.tell告诉，强调讲给别人听，作及物动词，常用词组tellsb.stho4.talk交谈，强调交流，作不及物动词，常与to或with连用，意思是“和……交谈",如：ItalkedwithmyfHend.与about连用,意思是"谈论如：Theyaretalkingaboutafilm.疑难点八1.bring带来，意思是朝说话者现在所处地点或将去的地点带来。如：Bringagifttome.2.take带走，意思是从说话者现在所处地点拿走。如：Takeyourwhenyouleave.3.carry带,扛，搬，只强涮移动,没有固定的方向性。如:carryabottle.4.fetch去取来，强调去别处取某物后又凹来，往返拿物。如Fetchthecupofteaforme,please.疑难点九1.borrow为终止性动词，表示主语"借人”某物，常用短语borrowsthfromsb.如：IborrowedabookfromLiMingyesterday.2.lend借,为终止性动词,表示主语“借出某物,常用短语lendsthtosb.如：Katelentapentome.3.keep保存，借，为延续性动词，表示“长时问地借”，可与一段时间连用口如：Ihavekeptthebookforamonth.这本书我［1借了一个月了。疑难点十1.arrive达，不及物动词，可单独作谓语，也可构成“arrivein+大地方”，“arriveat+小出也点"女［I:arriveinBeijing;arriveatthestation.2.reach到达，及物动词，不口J单独作谓语，需接地点名词。女13：reachJapan. 1.get到达，不及物动词，后接地点副词。如:gethome；或后接介词to+名词。如:gettoschool.疑难点十一1.listen积极地倾听，强调动作，可用于祈使句和进行时，接宾语时后而要跟too如;Listentomecarefully,please.2.heari然地听到，强调结果，不可用于祈使句和进行时屮。$11：Ihearsomeonesingingintheroom.疑难点十二1.see（无意中）看到，强调结果。i\：Isawalittlegirlcry.2.look（有意地）看，强调动作,后面要跟at。如：Lookatthemap,please.3.watch指为欣赏或为某一特:定目的注意“观看”，侧重过程，常构成短语watchTVmatch等。4・read阅读如:readabook/newspaper.疑难点十三1.dress穿，后只接人作宾语，常"见词组有：dress给某人穿衣服，dresssbup打扮某人;getdressed穿衣服。2.puton穿上，戴上，后接衣、物，强调动作。女口：Heputonhiscoat,thenwentout.3.wear穿着，戴着，留(胡须、头发等)，后接衣、物等，强调状态，与bein同义。女口：wewearapairaglasses.疑难点十四1.死，短暂性动词,强调动作。如:Hediedintheearthquake.2.dead死的，形容词，强调状态，如:Thepoormanhasbeendeadforyears.3.dying垂死的，要死的，形容词。如：Theoldmanisdying.4.death死，名词。如:Thedeathofthepoormanwassudden.那个可怜人的死很突然疑难点十五1.pend指花费时间或金钱,用人作主语,后接onsth或(in)doingsth。如:MymotherspendsonehourcleaningthehouseeverySunday.2.cost指值多少钱，物作主语，无被动语态。如：Thehousecostmealot.3.take扌旨花费时间或金钱,其结构为Ittakes+时间/金钱todosth。如：Ittakesanhourtogetthere.4.pay花钱，人作主语，与介词for•连用。如I：Ihavepaidforthebook. 疑难点十六lookfor找，强调寻找的过程；find找，强调找的结果。如：lamlookingformywatch,butIcan"tfindit.疑难点十七hung和hanged都是hang的过去分词，hung意为“悬挂"，而hanged意为"绞死"。如：Amurderwashangedlasweek.疑难点十八1.lose意为“输给某人”,固定搭配为losesb,如：Ourteamlosttotheirs.2.fail意为"失败,未做成某事"，其结构为failtodosth/failinsth。如：Ifailedtofinishtheworklastnight.Ifailedintheexam.3.beat意为"打败",后接sb某支队伍。如Webeatourenemies.4.win意为“赢得”，后接出赛、名次、地位、荣誉等名词。女口：Iwonthefirstprizeinthecontest比赛中我得了一等奖。疑难点十九1.join参加，后接党派、组织等名词。$11：Ijoinedtheclublastyear.2.takepartin参加，后接聚会、活动、比赛等名词，强调主动参与，并起积极作用。如：Ialwaystakepartinallkindsofactivities.3.attend岀席，强调被动岀席，后接会议、活动等名词。女II：Wehavetoattendmeetingtoday.疑难点二十1.turnon打开（水、电或煤气的开关）。如：Pleaseturnonthelight.2.turnoff关掉（水、电或煤气的开关）。如:PleaseturnofftheTVwhenyougotobed.3.turndown调低,turnup调高。如：Ican"thearitclearly,pleaseturnuptheTV.疑难点二^一1.happen发生，强调偶然发生，是不及物动词，无被动语态，常见结构冇：sthhappentosb某人发牛某事.happentodosth.碰巧做某事。如：Whathappenedtohim?Heissoangry.2.takeplace发生,强调预料中的发生，是不及物动词，无被动语态。如：Asportsmeetingtookplacelastweek3.breakout发生，多指战争的爆发或火灾的突然爆发。女口：Abigfirebrokeoutlastnight.疑难点二十二 1.lose丢失，一•般指失去不易找回，如：Ilostmywatchonmywayhome.2.miss,未觉察，错过；miss还有“思念，想念”的意思。女口：Imissedthe7:30train.Imissedmyparentsverymuchwhen1wasawayfromhome.2.sthislost=sthismissing某物丢了,sbislost某人迷路了;sbismissing某人失踪To如：Iwaslostinthefbg.Mylittlebrotherwasmissing.I.用词的适当形式填空。1.spenthalfanhour(finish)theworkyesterday.2.Hewillgototheparkifit(notrain)tomorrow.3.We(learn)2000Englishwordssofar.4.Thebabystopped(cry)whenhefoundhismother・5.Lastnight,myfriendinvitedme(go)tohisbirthdayparty.6.1thinkIshould(ask)whatIwassupposedtowear.7.InSwitzerland,ifsimportant(be)ontime.&We"dbetternotvisitrelative"shousewithout(call)first.9.Onweekendskidsusuallyplan(do)somethinginteresting.orgosomewheretogether.10.Thefilm(make)mesadlastnight.11.Didyouhavefun(play)nearthesea?12.Fdrather(walk)thantakeabus.13.Heprefers(give)toreceiving.14.MyfriendCarmenpretended(like)thegift15.YesterdayIforgot(lock)thewindowsanditrainedallnight.II.按括号内的要求进行句型转换。每空一词。1.Bobgoestoschoolonfoot.(改为否定句)Bobtoschoolonfoot.2.1liketoplaywithmyfriends.(对画线部分提问)doyoulike?2.LiMingwantstobeateacherinthefuture.(对画线部分提问) LiMingtointhefuture?2.MissWeioftenhelpsuslearnourEnglish.(对imi线部分提问)MissWeioftenyou?3.Hetakesthenumber17bustothehotel.(改为一般疑问句)hethenumber17bustothehotel?III.根据短文内容用适当的动词填空。LiMingoften1upatsixo^clock_2breakfastathome.He_3toschoolatsevenforty.Classcs4ateighto"clock.There5fourclassesinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.LiMing6hard.HelikesEnglishverymuch.He7_Englisheverymoming.LiMing8hishomeworkintheevening.Helikes9TV.Butheonly10itonSaturdayandSunday.Heisagoodstudent.单项选择。()1.PleasetheTV.We"dliketowatchthefootballgame.A.openB.moveC.turnoffD・turnon()2.ThebookstillwhereIitamomentago.A.lies;laidB.lied;layC.laid;liedD.lies;lay()3.Theteachertoldtheclasstotheirhooks.A・putawayB.putbyC.putonD.putup()4.Themanageragaintheworkersforadvice.A.turnedoverB・turnedtoC.turnedawayD.turnoff()5.Plastics(塑米斗)arcusedtowoodinmanyways.A.takeplaceB.takehisplaceC.takeplaceofD.taketheplaceof()6.1thegoodnewsyesterdayevening.A.1istenedB.soundedC.listenedtoD.heard()7.comein,please.A.WillB.DoC.Won*tD.Did()8.Sheforgottotellmewhichbusto.A.travelB.takeC.rideD.have()9.Neverbuyshoeswithoutthemfirst.A.getting,onB.taking,onC.having,onD.trying,on()10.Thedoctorsaysthatafewday"srestinaquietcountrysidewillyoualot ofgood・A.makeB.doC.getD.have()11・Weeachotherthebestofluckintheexamination.A.hopedB.wantedC.askedD.wished()12.thisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.A.LookthroughBXookonC.LookintoD.Lookup()13・LilyabookaboutChinalastmonthbutIdonftknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.wroteB.hadwrittenC.iswritingD・waswriting()14.—Whotoldyoutocleanthewindows?・-Father.Hesaidtheyweretoodirty.A.toldB.didC.hastoldD.hadtold()15.—Well,letsgotovi.sitthemuseumthisSaturday.-Thatgreat.A.feelsB.looksC.soundsD.tastes()16.—Look!She"sskiingsofastf—Hardtoherlegswereoncebroken・A.knowB.realizeC・imagineD.find()17eHelesstimereadingstoriesaboutfilmstarsthanbefore.A.takesB.spendsC.costsD.pays()18.Oh,Danny.It*srainingoutside5youfdbetteryourraincoat.A.putonB.putupC.dressD.wear()19・LittleJennywantstoteacherwhenshegrowsup.A.becomeB・beC.turnD・i.s()20.—HowlongmayIthebook?—Fortwoweek.s.A.borrowB.lendC・keepD.buy()21.ThetourguideautumnisthebestseasontovisitJiuzhaigou.A.talkedB.toldC.saidD.spoke()22.—What"sthematter? —Iamhavingtroublewhohastakenmybook.A.findingB.lookingforC.findingoutD.lookingup()23.—Ourteamthematch.We1vegotthefirstplace!-Welldone!Congratulations!A.hitB.beatC.wonD.watched()24.—WouldyoupleasetheTValittle?LittleTomissleeping.・-Sorry.Iwill.A.turndownB.turnupC.turnonD・turnoff()25.Withthehelpofthecomputer,newscaneverycomeroftheworldquickly・AgetB.arriveC.reachD・return()26.WemustthetruthofthematterA.lookatB.lookforC.findoutD.find()27.ThisTVwasmadeChina.A.inB.atC.offD.down()28.Thoseforeignvisitorsourcitythedaybeforeyesterday.A.arrivedBreachedC.reachedtoDgotin()29.Ifyouwanttoknowthemeaningofthatword,you"dbetterinthedictionary.A.lookitup13.lookupitC.lookitforD.lookforit()30.Thenurse,butfounditwasright.A.tooksomemedicinesA.tooksomeexerciseB.tookmytemperatureC.tookcareofmeV.下列每个句子中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1.1knewJimwhenwewerestillchildren.误：正： 2.Iwasabouttostartoutforexerciseitstartedtorain.误：正：3.Shemustknowyouwell,butI"maboutit.误：正：4.Youcanborrowthisbookfor14days.误：正：5.Shelookedangryatthebrokenvase・误：正：6.-MayItryouttheT-shirt?-Sure,thedressingroomisoverthere.误：正：7.TheSecondWorldWarhappenedin1939.误：正:8.Turnleftattheendofthestreet.Thepostofficeisontheright,andyoucan"tloseit.误：正：9.Doeshehishomeworkafter.schooleveryday?误：正：10.Thechickenyoucookedwastasteddelicious.误：正：疑难突破I•用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。December8th,2010DearJimmy,I1(be)inYantaiforhalfayear.Yantai2(he)inthenorthofChina,soit"squitecoldinwinter.lthasjust_3(snow)twicehere」thinkI_4_(have)thefirst“WhiteChristmas"inmylife.It"ssowarminAustraliaandsocoldhere.lfshard5(believe),isn!tit?Thankyouforthewonderfulstamps」6(get)overthreehundredChinesestampssinceI7(come)here.I—8(send)somepandastampstoyousoon」thinkyou9(like)them」hopeyoucan alsocometoChinawhenyourparents10(come)inAugust.Wewillhaveagoodtimetogether.Yours,Mike1.2.3.2.3.6.7.7.8.10.11单页选择。()1.-Whatdoyouthinkofthecake?・-Ilikeitverymuch.Ittastes・A.goodB.terribleC.Well()2.Thecookiesgood.CouldIhavesomemore?A.tasteB.smellC.feelD.sound()3.--ShallwegoforapicnicintheparkthisSaturday?・・Oh.thatgood.A.feelsB.looksC.tastesD.sounds()4.-WhichT-shirtdoyouprefer?-Theredone.itmorecomfortable.A.tastesB.smellsC.feelsD.sounds()5.-ShallItakeyoutotheshoppingmallafterwork?・-No,thanks.Myfathersaidhewouldonhiswayhome・A.lookformeB.pickmeupC.letmedownD.takeafterme()6)ThistypeofMP4ismyfavorite,butIcan"tit.A.spendB.costC.payD.afford()7.Theboysarrivedlateatthecinema,andthestartofthefilm.A.,caughtB.missedC.gotD.lost()8.Sally.yoursunglasses.Thesunissobright.A.putonB.putup C.putawayD.putdown()9.一Ineverthoughtshewouldmyinvitationtotheconcert.-Shewouldfeelsorryformissingtheconcertsomeday.A.refuseB.supposeC.returnD.remind()10.Don"tdoanyotherthingswhileyouaredoingyourhomework.SopleaseyourMP3.A.turnupB.turndownC.turnonD.turnoff()11.-Tom,yourT-shirtrightnow!Itlookssodirty.一Sorry.Mum.Iwasplayingfootballthewholeafternoon.A.takeoffB.takeonC.putoffD.puton()12.-Areyourshoesexpensive?-No.Ionlyfivedollarsonthem.A.usedB.costC.spent()13・Goalongthestreet.Themuseumisjustonyourright.Youcan"tit.A.makeBfindC.missD.fail()14.Haveyou-yournewclassmatesyet?A.hadfriendswithB.madefriendwithC.gotfriendtoD.madefriendswith()15・・・HowlongcouldIyourEnglish-Chinesedictionary?-Onlyoneday,please.A.keepB.borrowC.lendD.get专题十_般现在时 1・掌握一般现在时的基本构成，能在口语和书面语中正确运用。1.掌握一般现在时表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯的用法。2.掌握一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理的用法。尤其注意当宾语从句表示客观事实或者真理时，即使主句是过去时，宾语从句中的谓语动词也用一般现在时。这是考生的易错点。3.掌握一般现在时表示主语具备的能力、性格、特征或存在的状态的用法。4.掌握动词come・go,runzstart等表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作时，使用一般现在时表示将来的用法。5.掌握动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend以及情态动渊could.would等，使用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气的用法。第一课时_.—般现在时一般现在时表示经常、习惯性的动作或存在的状态；表示主语的特征等；表示客观真理。般现在时.除主语是第三人称单数时要在动词后加s或es外，其他用动词原形。与一般现在时连用的时问状语有always,usually,often,sometime,seldomnever,everyday,everymonth,onSundays,onceyear等。二、一般现在时的构成句蜜be动词行为动饲新定句1+am+—Wc/You/Thcy/Mft名词+are+・・・He/Shc/ll/第三人称单散名词＜is+...VWe/You/They/M|K名词卜动词族形+・・・Hc/Shc/It/91三人称单数名诃+动河的笫三人称单数+・・・否定句I-tamnot+—We/You/Thcy/复名M+arcnot+...He/She/It/«H人称单数名WHisnot4-...I/We/You/They/复数名词4don"t+动词原形+・・・He/Shc/It第三人称单数名词+doesnt卜动词原形+・・・ 一股萝时的构成旬蚩ibe动词•!Am+l+・・・？般黑何句Are+we/you/they/复数名阖十…？b+hc/bhc/il/第三人称单数名诚+...?iYes.Iam./No*Iamnot.Yes・wc/you/theyarc・/No.wc/you/they简略回答；:arent.:Ycs»he/shc/iiis./No,he/she/itisn"t,I待殊疑问fan作主语〉+bu的相垃形式；・・・？特殊疑何句，特殊疑问闻（不作主语）+2的相应形找4•主语十…？行为动词4・■•••••••Do4-I/wc/you/they/复数名词+动词原形I卜…？Does-rlie/shc/il/第三人称单数名词+动词原形+・・・?Yes,I/we/you/they+do.No.1/we/you/theyfdon"i・Yc5.he/she/it+does/No.ho“bc."ir+doesrf【1»•••■•••••■••••••••••••••••■*«待殊聽问词（作主语）+动河的郴应影式"+...?j待殊悝问耐（不作主tft）+do7does+JKi&+动词原形•!•・・•？三、一般现在时的用法】•表示口前存徃的状杰、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯，"fr用时间状语有dwoyz出udlly,aaiy・Mke等。{I•用干戏剧.电影剧本.体a•比赛解说「操作演示或图片说明等J6.用于询问或引用巧箝.通知及近期所收信件内容」7•用于时间、条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时:嗚吐配f«•用于某些以hoHMhme开头的句子中.表亲正在发生的动作J1.Weoftenplayfootballafterschool.MyfathergoestoBeijingonceaweek.2.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马。3.Youlooktiredtoday你今天看起来很疲劳。ShecanspeakEnglishverywell.她能讲口流^!J的英语。HeisGerman他是德国人。4.Thefinalexamtakesplacenextmonth..期末考试下周进行。Thenextbusleavesat11:00.下一辆公共汽车11:00离开。5.JackthrowsthebasketballtoMark,andMarkcatchesit杰克把球传给了马克，马克接住了球。6."Whatisyourhobby?"heaskedme他问我："你的兴趣爱好是什么?"7.Hewon"tcomeifitrains.如果天下雨，他就不会来了。I"llletyouknowassoonasIhearfromhim.我一接至I」他的情就告诉你。 8.Therecomesthebus.汽车来了。Theregoesthebell铃响了。基础训练I•写岀下列动词的第三人称单数形式。1.work2.clean3.guide4check1.drive6.wash7.watch8.fly9.print10.spell口•用be动词的适当形式填空。I.1astudent.Youateacher.2.Shemyfriend.1.-youLiFen?-No.Inot2.-MrGreenverybusy?-Yes,he.3.Hemustathome・4.Comedyveryinteresting5.thrillersveryscary?6.YouandIgoodfriends.7.Hisfriendsveryfunny8.Thetwinsveryhappybecausetheywanttogotoseeamovie.II.Thegirlinredclothesmysister.12.mathinteresting,Jenny?111•用括号内词的适当形式填空。I.1often(go)toschoolbybike.2」fit(rain)tomorrow,wewon"tgotothepark. 3.Timusually(get)upatsixo"clock.4.you(brush)yourteetheverymorning?5.WhatSamusually(do)afterschool?6.you(read)Englisheveryday?7.HowmanylessonsPeter(have)onMonday?8.Mybrothersometimes(go)totheparkwithmyuncle.9」(study)Chinese,math,English,scienceandartatschool.IO.There(go)thebell.Thestudentsaregoingintotheclassroom.I.WhenI(grow)up,Iwilltravelaroundtheworld・12.Thefootballmatch(start)at8O"clock.Theplayersaregettingreadyforit.13.Pride(go)beforeafall(骄者必败。)14.DanielthrowstheballtoJohnandJohn(catch)it10.Amy(write)goodEnglishbut(notspeak)Englishwell・V从括号中选择适当的单词完成句子。1.Ihavelunchatschool.(doesn"t;don"t)2.Allmyfriendshappytomeetyouhere・(have,are)3.-Whyhelikebananas?(does;do)・-Becausethey"reverydelicious.4」tseldomhereinDecember^snows;snow)IV根据短文内容，选择方框中所给单词，并用其适当形式填空。is,watch,play,studies,doesn"t,are,goes,swimming,doesEmily1astudent.She2inNo.6Middleschool.She3toschoolforfivedaysaweek.SheandherFriendssometimes4gamesonSundays・Emily5like6.7she8TVintheevening?Certainly,she_9・Emilv"sparents10-teachers.Theyareverykind.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.&9.10. 第二课时疑难点一当宾语从句表示客观事实或者真理时，即使主句是过去时，宾语从句中的谓语动词也要用一般现在时。如：Myteachertoldmethatlighttravelsfasterthansound.疑难点二一些动词如be,believe,forget,hate,have,hearzknow,like,mean,remember,want,think,taste,smell,seem等，通常不用于进行时，此时用一般现在时表示说话时的状态或正在发生的动作。如：1wanttoleaverightnow.疑难点三有时现在进行时也可以用来代替一般现在时，描述经常重复的习惯性动作，表示说话者的某种情感（如厌烦，赞叹、埋怨等），常与时间状语always.forever等词连用。如：Heisalwaysthinkinghighlyofhimself.看重重自己。疑难点四有时过去时也可以表示现在，表示一种委婉的请求。这样的动词有want,hope,wonderzthinkzintend以及情态动词couldzwould等。如:Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemeahand.Couldyoutellmethewaytothepark?能力提升I•根据汉语意思完成下列句子”每空一词。1.我不喜欢弹钢琴。Ithepiano.1.李雷，你知道一年有多少个月吗？Howinayear,doyouknow,LiLei?2.我希望一切进展顺利。Ihopeeverything.3.千里之行,始于足下。Ajourneyalwaysthefirststep.4.你有英汉词典吗？ anEnglish-Chinesedictionary?1.他老是犯同样的错误。Hethesamemistake.2.如果你有困难，我就会帮助你。Iyouifyouproblem.3.这对双胞胎来自法国。ThetwinsPrance.II•按括号中的要求进行句型转换。每空一词。1.TheseredsocksareKate"s.（改为一般疑问句）theseredsocksKate"s?2.Hewantstobuyabiggreenbag.（对画线部分提问）hewantto?3.Marydoesnothaveanybooks.（改为肯定句）Marybooks.4.Heoftenhasricefordinner.（改为一般疑问句）heoftenricefordinner?5.1think彳旧门朽厂isreallyinteresting.（对画线部分提问）youofAvantad1.Ipayonly45yuanforthetrousers・（用she改写）only45yuanforthetrousers.2.Annandhermumliveinthesamecity.(改为一般疑问句)Annandhermumthesamecity?3.LiXinggoeshomelateonFridayevening.(改为否定句)LiXinhomelateonFridayevening4.Mymotherusuallyhaslunchat12.(对画线部分提问)yourmotherusuallylunch?10.SheusuallywatchesTVonSaturdayevening(对画线咅B分提问) sheusuallyonSaturdayevening?111.单项选择。()l.・・Canyourfatherdrive?-Yes,andheusuallytoschool.A.droveB.isdrivingC.drivesD.hasdriven()2.Happinessinhergrandfather"seyeseverytimehehearshervoice.AshinesB.isshoneC.shoneD.wasshone()3.Lucyisalwaysbusy,sheonlyfivehourseveryday.A.issleepingB.w川sleepC.wouldsleepD.sleeps()4.-・Don"tforgettoaskhimtowritetome.won"t.Assoonashe,l"11askhimtowritetoyou.A.willcomeB.comeC.comesD.iscoming()5.JeanwantstogotoChinabutshemoney.A.didn"thaveB.doesn"thavenoC.hadD.hasno()6.Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthround,notflat.A.wasB.isC.hasbeenD.isbeing()7.-Isyourfatheradoctor?-Yes,heis.HeinTownHospital.A.hasworkedB.isworkingC・worksD.worked()8.PhysicsmuchharderthanEnglish,Ithink. A.areB.isC.wasD.were()9.EverysummertheGreensfishingintheirhometown.A.goB.havegoneC.wentD.goes()10.Now,Isometeainthecup.A.amputtingB.putC.putsD.amputting()11.ThefinalexamnextThursday.A.w川takeplaceB.takeplaceC.istakingplaceD.takesplace()12.-Howmuchthesocks?-Twentydollarsenough.A.is;isB.are;isC.are,areD.is,are()13・-TomwantstoknowifpicnicnextSunday.-Yes.Butifit,wellvisitthemuseuminstead.A・youwillhave;willrainB.youwillhave;rainsC.youwillhave;rainsD.youhave;willrain()14.-Tdliketoborrowabook.ThenameisHarryPotter.--Letmecheckitonthecomputer.Hereitis」tHanMeimeihasgotit.A.saysB.issaidC.hassaidD.said()15.Hereabus.Bequick,oryoucan"tcatchupwithit.A.comeB.iscomingC.comesD.came疑难突破I・根据要求改写句子。1・Thisismypencil.(变为一般疑问句)2.Marydoesnothaveanybooks・(变为肯定句)3.1wanttobuyabigredbag.(对画线咅B分提问)1.Theclothingshopisonsale.(变为否定句) 1.Helikestheblackbagverymuch.(变为否定句)6.1buythetrousersforonly45yuan.(用she改写句子)2.It"sanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.(对划线部分提问)8.ShelivesinsmalltownnearBeijing.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)II•单项选择。()1.・・DoyouknowifCindywilldrivetoItalythisweekend?-Cindy?Never!Shedriving・A.hashatedBhatedCwillhateD.hates()2.MikeisfromAmerica.HeEnglish.A.spokeB.willspeakCspeaksDhadspoken()3.-DoyoulikewatchingTV?・-Yes,I.ButonlyafterIfinishanyhomework.A.amB.DoCdoesD.did()4.Howtimeflies!Threeyearsreallyashorttime.A.isBareC.wasD.were()5.-Alice,pleasetellErictocallmewhenheback-Noproblem.A.comeBcomesC.cameD.willcome()6.-Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?--Wearegoingtohaveafootballmatchifit・A.willrainB.rainedC.doesn"train()7.-Tomwillcallmeassoonhehome. A.getsB.hasgotC.gotD.willget()8.Davidoftentothemoviesonweekends・Helikesactionmoviesonweekends.Helikesactionmovies・A.willgoB.goesC.wentD.wasgoing()9.Ifyoutothe2010ShanghaiExponextmonth,Iwillgowithyou.A.goB.hasgoneC.willgoD.aregoing()10.Ifyoucarefully,youthereportwell.A.willlisten;willbeunderstoodB.willlisten;understandC.listen;willunderstandD.listen;understand()11.・-Whatdoesyoursisterlikedoinginhersparetime?-ShewatchingTV・A.likesB.likedC.haslikesDhadliked()12.BesuretoletTomknowthenoticeassoonashe.A.willarriveB・wasarrivingC・arrivesD.arrived()13.—CanIhelpyou?・・lboughtthiswatchhereyesterday,butitwork.A.won"tB.didn"tC.doesn"tD.wouldn"t()14.Weourclassroomeveryday.A.cleanB.iscleanC.iscleaningD.hascleaned专题十_现在逬行时1.掌握现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态，不一定表示说话时这个动作正在进行。2.掌握少量动｛司(如go,come,runzleave,begin等)用现在进行时表，下将来的用法。 3.理解现在进行时表明说话者的赞扬、遗憾,讨厌、不满等情感的用法，常与always,forever等词连用。4掌握有些表示感觉、感情、存在、从属、思考、理解等动词不能用进行时的用法。此类动词有see.hear,smell,love,like,believe.understand,forget,own,belong等。5注意在由while引导的状语从句中，通常要用进行时的用法。第一课时语法梳理现在逬行时表示现阶段正在发生或进行的动作、存在的状态。现在进行时主要由"am/is/are+现在分词…构成。常用的时问状语有now,atthismoment,thesedays等。现在逬行时的构成否定句现在进行时的构成一般腿问句}简略回答待殊疑问句I+Hin*动词的现在分诃+…W「/Yoii/They/复数名词+a“+动詞的现在分词+…He/She/It/®三人称单数名词+is+动词的现在分词+…1+nmnol+动词的现在分词+…We/You/ThtY/复数名诃not十动词的现在分词+…He/She/Il/^二人称单数名词+i*ncl+动词的现在分词+…Am+I♦动词的现在分诃+…？Awe/you/they/复数名词+动词的现在分词+・••？Is+he/she/it/^三人称单数名词+动词的现住分词+…?Yes」am./No」amnot.Y怜*匕/河】/血、・are・/、ow/y<)u/lhcyawntYes,he/shp/itis./Nowhe/she/itisn1!.特殊疑问词（作主语）的相应形式+动诃的现在分词十…？特殊疑问词（不作主语）+2的相应形式十主语+动词的现在分词+…?1.Look,someoneisdancing.看,有人在跳舞。WearewatchingTVnow.我们正在看电视。2.1amwritingmyreportthesedays.我这几天在写报告。Theyareworkinginfactorythisweek•他们这周正在工厂工作。 2.HeiscomingioseeyounextSunday.他下星期要来看你。TheyareleavingforBeijingtomorrow.他彳门明天要去北京。3.Whyareyoualwayscominglateforclass?你为什么总是上课迟到？HeisalwayswatchingTVwhenIgotoseehim.每当我去看他时，他者0在看电视。4.Thefloweristurningred.花儿逐渐变红了。Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.天气变彳寻越来越暖和了。基础训练-・写岀下列动词的现在分词形式。I.go2.stay3.skate4.draw2.tell6.ring7.wear8.get9.put10.stopII.know12.begin12.close14.see15carry二・用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Look!Thechildren(play)footballontheplayground.They(play)footballeverySundayafternoon.2.Pleasebequiet!We(listen)tothesongYouandMe.3.-MrsGreenlikeschildrenverymuch,doesn"tshe?-Yes,thafstrue.She(write)achildren"sbookthesedays・4.It"sfinetoday.Thesun(shine)・5.TomandTim(do)theirhomeworkatthemoment.6.BequickiLiLei(wait)forusattheschoolgate.7.John"sfather(run)5mileseverydaytokeepfit.8.HanMeimei(like)watchingTV.She(watch)TVeveryevening.Butnowshe(notwatch)TV.She(get)readyforherfinalexam・ 1.It"ssixo"clock.Myteacher(work)inhisoffice.2.・-Listen,who(read)intheclassroom?-MaybeKate(be).3.Thelittlegirl(look)likeherfather.Now,she(look)atthephotosofherfamily.12」(like)drawingpicturesverymuch.Look!I(draw)abigtree.13.Look!Theman(save)achildincheriver.14.-Whatareyou(do)?・・I"m(eat)abanana.三.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。1•电话在响，你能否接一下呢’Thetelephone.Couldyouanswerit,please?2.她总是想着别人而不是她自己。Sheothersinsteadofherself.3.天气变得越来越暖和了。Theweatherwarmerandwarmer.4.温总理本周在欧洲访问。PremierWenthisweek.5.这个周日我要去北京。ItoBeijingthisSunday.6她不在做作业r她在写信。Sheherhomework.Shealetter.7.-你在和Lisa通电话吗，"不/没有。-withLisaonthephone?-No;I・ 8■-孩子们在干什么呢？■■男孩子］门在打乒乓球，女孩刊I"］在放风筝。・・thechildren?-Theboysandthegirls第二课时疑难拓展难点一当时间状语为no,thesedays等z或当句子中含有look,listen,bequiet,canyousee,can"tyousee之类的暗示词时，句子要使用现在进行时。如：Thelittlegirlplayingovertherenow.小女孩现在那边玩耍。WearelisteningtoanEnglishsong.我们正在听一首英文歌。疑难点二有些表示感觉、感情、存在、从属、思考,理解等的动词不能用进行时。这类词有：1.表示感觉的动词:see,hear,smell,taste,appear,look,feel,notice等。如:Theseapplestastegood.这些苹果尝起来不错。Thisflowersmellsnice.这花闻上去很香。2表示感情的动词:hate,love,fearzlike,want,wish,prefer,refuse等。如:HowIwishIwereabird.我多希望我是一只小鸟啊！Yourclothesneedwashing.你的衣服需要洗了。3.表示存在状态的动词：be.exist,remain,stay等。如：Sheremains泊poorhealth.她身体差。4.表示占有与从届的动词：have,own,belong,form等。如：Thisbackpackbelongstome.这个背包是我的。Ihavetwosisters我有两个姐姐。5.表示思考、理解、知道的动词:understand,know.believe,forgetrremember等。如:Doyouknowhisname?你知道他的名字吗’ Idon*tremembermyfirstdayatschool我不记得第一天上学的情开纟了。以here,there等开头的倒装句，通常用一般现在时表示动作正在进行。这类句型可转化为进行时句型。如：Herecomesabus.=Abusiscoming公交车来了。Theregoesthebell・=Thebeltisgoing.铃U向了。由while引导的状语从句通常要用进行时（现在进行时、过去进行时等）。如：・Whileyouareresting,I"llreadtoday"snewsforyou.当你体息的时候,我会为你读今天的报纸。WhileIwashavingmybreakfast,themorningpostcame.当我正在吃早饭的时候,早班邮件送来了。能力提升-.按要求转换句型。1.Thegirlissittingonthebluebox.（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答）1.Heisdoinghishomework.（改为复数句）3.is,what,thegirl,overthere,inred,doing（连词成句）3.SheisgoingonatripBeijingnow.（用I作主语改写句子）4.WehaveamusicclassonThursday.（用rightnow改写句子）6・Doyouoftentakeexercise?(用now改写句子)7.Theyarehavinglunchatschoolatthemoment(对画线部分提问) 2.Everyoneisenjoyingthemselves.(改为同义句)二・根据汉语意思，完成英语句子。每空一词。1.尼克和他哥哥正在爬梯子。Niketheladderwithhisbrothernow.2.我爷爷正在吸烟，跟朋友聊天。Mygrandfatherisandwithhisfriendsnow.3.我正在帮妈妈在厨房做饭。Imymotherinthekitchen.4他正在给他叔叔寄信。Heistohisuncle.5•我们在唱歌跳舞。Wenow.三.单项选择。()1.--Excuseme,whereisJim?-Oh,hedumplingsinthekitchen.A.makesB.willmakeC.ismakingD.made()2.-Hurryup!Ifstimetoleave.-OK..A」comeB」"vecomeC.IllcomeD・I"mcoming()3.Whoovertherenow?A.dancingB.isdancingC.aredanceD.dance()4」t"seighto"clock.ThestudentsanEnglishclass・A.haveB.havingC.ishavingD.arehaving()5.Look!Thechildrentheirmotherdothehousework.A.wantB.helpC.arehelpingD.arelooking()6.MymotherTV.A.lookingatB.isseeingC.watchingD.iswatching ()7.-ouabook?・-Yes,Iam.A.Do,readB.Are;readC.Are,readingD.Are;looking()8.Katetheothers.A.sing;listenB.issinging;islisteningC.sing;arelisteningD.issinging;arelistening()9.Tomthepianointheroom.Pleaseaskhimtocomehere.A.playB.playC.playedDisplaying()10.-Mary,couldyouhelpme?-Waitamoment.I・A.readahookB.didmyhomeworkC.waswatchingTVD.amcookingdinner()11.NevertroublemewhileIinmyroom.A.willsleepB.asleepC.amsleepingD.slept()12.-Whatacleanclassroom!―Iteveryday.A.issweepingB.hassweptC.issweptD.sweeps()13・Imyeraser,butIcan"tit.A」ookfor;findingB.amfinding;lookforC.amlookingfor;findD.find;lookfor()14.Nowwatchcarefullyandseewhat・A.happenedB.happeningC.ishappenedD.ishappening()15.Whyyoualwayslateforclass?A.do;comeB.are,comingC.was;comeD.are;come()16.-Whatyourbrotherunderthetable?-Heislookingforhispen.A.does;doB.did,doC.is;doingD.do;did()17.Look!Whatareyou?Youshouldmoreclothes.It"stoocold.A.puttingon;putoffB.wearing;putoffC.havingon;wearD.wearing:puton ()18.Theboyisn"ttheteacherinstead,heishishomework.A」istening;makingB.listen;makingC.listeningto;doingD.listento;doing()19.Listentothetwogirlsbythewindow.WhatIanguage?A.didtheyspeakB.aretheyspeakingC.theyarespeakingD.havetheybeenspeaking()20.Mr.Smithshortstories,butheaTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting;iswritingB.iswriting;writesC.writes;iswritingD.writes,writes()21.-thestudentsEnglish?-Yes,theyare・A.Are;readingB.Do;readingC.Is;readingD.Are;read()22.・・thestudentsEnglish?-He"slisteningtomusic.A.WhatdoeshedoB.WhatishedoingC.HowishedoingD.Whoishe()23.Don"tmakesomuchnoise.ThestudentsanEnglishclass.A.arehavingB.haveC・hadD.werehaving()24.NowIwhoheis.A.areknowingB.knowC.knewD.wasknown()25.Inherlettershesaid,"onthe8也A.wasarrivingB.wouldarriveC・wasgoingtoarriveD.amarriving()26.youtomorrow? A.Do;leaveB.Have;leftC.Are;leavingD.Did;leave()27.-・lsthisraincoatyours?-No,minetherebehindthedoor.A.ishangingB.hangsC.hungD.willhung()28.Sarahsinging,butshelikesdancing.LookiShethere.A.doesn"tlike;isdancingB.doesnllike;dancesC.isn"tlike;isdancingD.don"tlike;isdancing疑难突破()1.Don"tmakesomuchnoise.ThestudentsanEnglishclass.A.arehavingB.haveC.hadD.werehaving()2.-WhereisPeter?-Hevolleyballwithhisfriendsintheschoolgym.A.playsB.playedC.isplaying()3.-Shallwegooutforawalk?-Sorry,IcarTt」myhomework.A.doB.DidC.amdoingD.wasdoing()4.一What"syourfatherdoingnow?-Hetheroom.A.cleanedB.cleansC.hascleanedD.iscleaning()5.-Whatareyoudoing,Simon?-Ihavefinishedmyhomework,andnowIthecomputergames.A•playedB.wasplayingC.amplayingD.play()6.-Jackisbusypackingluggage(行李)•-Yes.HeforAmericanvacation.A」eavesB.leftC.isleavingD.hasbeenaway()7.-1theGreatWallnextweek.-Haveagoodtrip. A.visitB.visitedC.amvisitingD.havevisited()8.TodayisFather"sDay.Mymother_aspecialdinnerformygrandpanow.A.prepareB.preparedC.ispreparingD.willprepare()9.-Shush,bequietiThebabyinthenextroom.・・OK・Sorry・A.sleepB.sleptC.sleepsD.issleeping()10.Thepopulationoftheworldstillnow.A.has;grownB.is;growingC.will;growD.is;grown()11.Myfriendme.Ihavetoleavenow.A.waitsforB.waitedforC.iswaitingforD.waswaitingfor()12.Itoutside.You"dbettertakeanumbrellawithyou・A・rainsBisrainingC.rainedD.hasrained()13.Thezookeeperisworriedbecausethenumberofvisitors_smallerandsmaller.A.becomeB.becameC.isbecomingD・havebecome()14.Mr.Greentothemanagernow.You"dbettercallhimlater.A.talkB.talkedC.istalkingD.wastalking()15.-Alice,turndowntheTVzplease.Ionthephone.-Ohzsorry.A.havetalkedB.talkedC.amtalkingD.talk()16.-lt5stimefordinner.Whereisyourfather,Emma?-Hehisbikeintheyard.A•cleanB•cleanedC.iscleaningD.willclean 专题十二_般过去时1.掌握一般过去时的基本构成，能在口语和书面语中正确运用。2•掌握一般过去时表示确定的过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态的用法。3・掌握一般现在时表示在过去一段时间内经常的或习惯性的动作的用法。注意此类用法常表示频度的时间状语连用。4•掌握在时间状语和条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时，表示将来的含义的用法。5.注意wish,wonder,think,hope,know等动词用在一般过去时中，表示动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。6.理解would,shouldzcould,might等过去式有时不表示过去，而是表示更加委婉。客气的语气。第一课时语法梳理一、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时一般在动词原形 后加一ed构成。常用的时间状语有yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedayago,in1949,lastweek/month/yearzjustnow,atthattime等。二、一般过去时的构成句型be动词行为动词I肯定句i“■・・©・■1・—・・■"‘We/You/They/复数名词+were+—1/He/She/It/第三人称单数名词+was+•••主语+动词的过去式+…Z否定句We/You/They/复数名词+werenot+…I/He/She/It/第三人称单数名词十沁not+•••主语十didn"t+动词的原形+…1一般疑问旬Were十wc/you/they/复数名词十…？Was-Fl/he/she/it/第三人称单数名词+…？Did+主语+动词的原形+•••?4r1简略回答Ycs>we/you/theywere./No,we/you/lheyweren"t.YesI/he/she/itwas./No,1/he/she/itwasn"t.Yes,1/we/you/they/he/shc/it+did./No>J/wc/you/they/he/she/it+didnt■特殊疑问句14特殊疑冋词（作主语〉+was/.were+…？特殊疑问词（不作主语）+was/were+主语°+...?特殊疑问词（作主语）+动词的过去式-+…？特殊疑问词（不作主语）+<1皿十主语+动词原形+…？一一毁过去时的构成三、一般过去时的用法1.表示确定的过去的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。/确定的时间状语有yesterday,lastmonth/week,in.2009,inthepast,twodaysago,onceuponatime,theHaybeforeyesterday,jus]now.theotherday等°匚般过去时的用匐,2.表示在过去一段时间内经常的或习惯性的动作。常与表示频度的时间状语连用，女口often,tdways,usually,sometimes,never,everyday,onceaweek等。、3.在时间状语和条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时,表示将来的含义。4.表示刚刚发生的事情。如：1.Iwasastudenttwoyearsago.两年前我是一学生。wesawherinashopthismorning.今天早上我们看见她在一家商店里。2.Heusuallywenttoschoolbybikelastyear.他去年通常骑自行车去学校。Mybrotherwasoftenlateforschoollastweek.上个星期我弟弟上学经常迟到。3・TheteachersaidwewouldgooutforapicnicifitwasfinenextSunday. 老师说如果下星期天气好，我们就出去野餐。Hesaidhewouldphonemewhenhearrivedthere.他说当他至!J那儿时他会给我打电话。1.Whatdidyousay?你说什么？Whatdidyousee?你看见了什么？基础训练I・写出下列动词的过去式。1.be2.Die3•pick4•talk5.put6.make7.report8.do9・chat10.use11.Send12•shine13.keep14.hate15•shoutII.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Susan(be)illlastweek.1.Bettyoften(help)meoutwhenweweremiddleschoolstudents.2.Tomwaslate.He(open)thedoorquietly,(move)inand(walk)carefullytohisseat・4.1never(think)youarrivedhereontime・2・(can)youhelpmeout?6.hey(play)chessintheclassroomjustnow? 7.She(notvisit)herauntlastWednesday・She(stay)athomeand(do)somecleaning.8・--Whenyou(buy)thejacket?-I(buy)ittwodaysago.III.选择括号内适当的单词,并用其适当的形式完成句子。1.-youathomelastSunday?-No,I.Iintheparkwithmyfamily.(werezwas)2.-theticketsexpensiveyesterdayevening?-No,they.Andtheremanythingstosee.(were;weren"t)3.siyourbrothercometoschooljustnow?-Yes,he(did;does)4.-Mr.Smithatsch001thismorning?-No,he・(was;did)5.-Mysisterandmybrotherathomelastmonth.Theywentonaschooltrip.(are;were)6.-Didyoufashionatschool?--Yes,I.Ifashionattheageofeighteen.(did;studied)7.-WheredidTobygoonvacation?-Hetothemountains.(go;went)8.Iasmallboycryinginthecorner.HelostandIhelpedhimhisfatheratlast.(find;was)IV.按要求转换句型。1.Lucydidherhomeworkathome.(改为否定句)Lucyherhomeworkathome.2.Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge.（改为一般疑问句）hemeatinthefridge?3.Shestayedthereforaweek.（对划线部分提问）shethere? 1.Therewassomeorangeinthecup.（改为一般疑问句）thereorangeinthecup?2.AmytooksomephotosatthezoolastSatuniay•（改为否定句）Amyphotosatthezoo.3.Heiswritingasongonthecomputernow•（用lastnight改写彳ij了）Heonthecomputerlastnight.4.Iarrivedjustafewminutesago.（对画线部分提问）youarrive?5.Robertwasataxi-driver.（改为同义句）Robertataxi-driver.根据对话及方框内的提示，用下列词语完成B的疑问句。arrive,cost,gotobedlate,haveanicetime,win1.A:Iwaslatethismorning.B:Whattime?A:Halfpastnine.2.A:Iplayedtennisthisafternoon.B:?A:No,Ilost.3・A:Wecamehomebytaxi.B:Howmuch?A:Eightydollars.4.A:Iwastiredthismorning.B:? 第二课时疑难点一描述过去特定时问内一次完成的有先后顺序的几个动作，此时经常不出现表示过去的时间状语，需要通过情景来断定。如：Tomgotupquickly,tookhisbagandrushedoutofhisroom.他迅速起床，背上书包，冲出了房间。疑难点二追述逝去的人或过去的事，常用过去时。如：ThomasEdisonwasagreatinventor・托马斯□爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。疑难点三wish,wonder,think,hope.know等动词用在一般过去时中,表示动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。如：Ididn"tknowyouwerecoming.我不知道你要来。（说话前我不知道你要来，可现在掰口道了。）Ineverthoughtyouarrivedthereearly.我没想到你会这么早至!J那儿。（说话前我没想到你这么早到，现在我知道了。）疑难点四如果强调的是过去的习惯，而现在已终止了，常用"usedto+动词原形"这个表达法来体现，但一般不与时间状语连用,意为"过去常常〃。如: Heusedtogotothepark.他过去常常去公园。(现在不去了)Mymotherusedtobeateacher.我妈妈过去是一位老师。(现在不是了)疑难点五表述”书上说”报纸上说，信上说”等事情时，可用一般现在时代替一般过去时。如:Whatdoesthenoticesay?通知上说了些什么？WhatdoesTom"slettersay?汤姆的信上说什么？疑难点六wouldzshould,couldzmight等过去式有时不表示过去,而是表示更委婉、客气的语气。如：Would/Couldyouhelpmezplease?请问你可以帮我吗？1wonderedifyoucouldhelpme.我想知道你是否能帮我。能力提升I•用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。1.-Who(wash)theplatesonthetable?-Jennydid・2.Thestudents(stop)talkingwhentheirteachercamein.3.Bettynever(come)toschoollatewhenshewasinmiddleschool.4.Mymother(buy)vegetablesonherwayhomeyesterday・5.Somebody(knock)atthedoorjustnow.6.Look!Alittlegirl(swim)intheriver.7.LiLei(join)theLeaguein2001.8.Doyoulike(watch)TV?9・Mybrotherwillcallmeassoonashe(reach)there・I0.IfSeighto"clock.Thestudent(have)anEnglishlesson.II.—(be)thegirlsfromtheUnitedStates? 12.-Whathe_(do)everyevening?・・He(watch)TVeveryevening.13.Ifstimetoplaygames.Thestudents(jump)and(run).14.Don"t(read)yourbooks・Please(1isten)tomenow.15.Heis(drive)acar.16・he(study)Englishverywell?17.Idon"thaveanypens.IthinXshe(have)some.18.-theman(open)thewindow?-NO.heisn"t・He(close)thewindow.19.Ifit(notrain)nextSunday,we"IIhaveafootballmatch.20.Tmsorry(wake)youup.21.Wouldyouplease(notplay)withthechalk?22.Myparentsarebusy(get)readyforthevisitors・23.Ithinkyou"dbetter(notgo)outaloneatnight.II.下面是一篇关于利萨(Lisa)到马德里(Madrid)的旅程的短文，请用下列动词的正确形式填空。LastTuesdayLisaI(flv)fromLondontoMadrid・She2(get)upatsixo"clockinthemorningand3(have)acupofcoffee.At6:30she4{1eave)homeand5(drive)totheairport.Whenshe_6(arrive)zsheparkedthecarandthen_(go)totheairportcaffewhereshe_8(have)breakfast.Thenshe9(go)throughthepassportcontroland10(wait)forherflight・Theplanedepartedontimeand1J(arrive)inMadridtwohourslater.Finallyshe12(take)ataxifromtheairporttoherhotelinthecentreofMadrid.1.2.3・4.5.6. 7.8.9. 10•11•III.真页选择。12. ()1.-Whenyouyouroldfriend?・-Thedaybeforeyesterday.A.will;visitB.did;visitC.have;visitedD.are;visit()2・-Howwasyourdayoff"?・・Prettygood!Wethehistorymuseum.A.visitB.visitedC.arevisitingD.willvisit()3・Heturnedoffthelightandthentheclassroom.A.leavesB.willleaveC.isleavingD.left()4.-WhatdoesLindaoftendointheevening?・-Sheoftenherhomework,butontheeveningofApril12sheTV.A.does;watchesB.isdoing:watchesC・does;watchedD.isdoing;waswatching()5.-Whatbeautifulflowersinthegarden!・-YeahlTheyherelastyear.A.plantedB.wereplantedC.areplantedD.willbeplanted()6.・・1hearthattwochildren"sfunparkslastyearinourcity.■-IknowibutIthinktwoarenotenough.A.builtB.wasbuiltC.werebuiltD.isbuild()7.ThetwogoodfriendsuntilMissWucameintotheclassroom.A・chatedB.chatC.arechattingD.chatted()8・-Whereisthebird?-Itawayamomentago.A・isflyingB・flyedC.flewD.flies()9.-Tmsorryyouhavemissedthebus.Itfiveminutesago・-Whatapity!A.wasleavingB.hasleftC・leftD.leaves ()10.Allthestudentsandtheirclassteacherinterestedinthefilmtheysawyesterdayevening.A.isB•willbeC•wasD.were()11•Davidsaidhewouldstayhereuntilhismother_back•A.comesB.willcomeC.cameD.wouldcome()12.Thehero1sstoryinYouthDaily.A.wasreportedB.wasreportingC.reportsD.reported()13.-Whenyourmotheryouthatbluedress•Mary?一Sorry,Ireallycan"tremember.A.does;buyB.has;boughtC.had;boughtD.did;buy()14.-Hi,Jim!Nicetomeetyou!-Hi,it"soneyearsinceIlastyou.A•sawB.seeC.seeingD.haveseen()15.HeaskedmeA.ifshewillcomeB•howmanybooks1wanttohaveC•theywouldhelpusdoitD.Whatwaswrongwithme()16.Myfathersmokeanddrinkalot.A.usedtoB.isusedtoC.wasusedtoD.used()17.一HellozJim.一HellozTom.Iyouwouldcomealittlelater.A・thinkB.thoughtC.havethoughtD.willthink()18.Hebeahardworker・Butnowheplayingcomputergamesathomea11dayandallnight.A.wasusedto:isusedtoB.usedto;usedtoC•wasusedto:usedtoD.usedto;isusedto. ()19.-Youtakeabustoschool?一Yes.butnow1usuallygotoschoolonfoot.A.Did:usetoB.were;usedtoC.Do;usetoD.Did;leave()20.Itomeetyou,butIyou・A.went;hadnztseenB.didgo:didn"tseeC.hadgone;didn"tseeD.wasgoing;hadn"tseenHI.下列各均有一处错误,找岀并改正。1.Look!Theboysplayfootballontheplayground.2.Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcame.Soallofuswenthome.3.LastSundayzpolicecarshurrytothetallestbuildinginNewYork.4・Todayitismucheasiertobehealthythanitisinthepast・疑难突破I•语法选择。MyfriendrDavidSmithrkeptbirds•Onedayhephonedand[mehewouldbeawayforaweek.Heaskedmetofeedthebird2himandsaidhewouldleavehiskeyinmymailbox.Unfortunately,Ididnotremembertofeedthebirds3thenightbeforeDavidwasgoingtoreturn・IrushedoutofmyhouseanditwasalreadydarkwhenIarrivedathouse.Isoonfoundthekeyhegavemecouldunlockneitherthefrontdoor5thebackdoor!Ikept6ofwhatDavidwouldsaywhencameback.ThenInoticed7onebedroomwindowwasopen.1foundabigstoneandpusheditunderthewindow_8thestonewasveryheavy.Imadealotofnoise.Butintheend,Imanagedtoclimbup.IhadoneleginsidethebedroomwhenIsuddenlyrealizedthatsomeone9atorch(电筒)upatme.Ilookeddownandsaw10_policemanandanoldlady,oneofDavid1sneighbours."Whatardyoudoingupthere?"saidthepoliceman•FeelinglikeafoolfIrepliedz"1wasjustgoingtofeedMr.Smith*Sbirds.” ()1・A.tellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold()2.A・withB.toC.forD.at()3・A.untilB.beforeC.asD.since()4.A.herB.hisC.theirD.our()5.A.andB.ButC.orD.nor()6.A.tothinkB•thinkC•thinkingD•thought()7•A.howB.thatC•whatD•why()8.A.ifB.becauseC.whenD.whether()9.A.isshinningB.wasshoneC•shinesD.wasshining()10•A.aB•TheC•anD./II.单项选择。()1.-WhatdoyouthinkofthefilmAvatar?・・lt"Sfantastic・TheonlypityisthatIthebeginningofit・A.missedB.wasmissingC.missD.willmiss()2.-Howdidtheaccidenthappen?■■Youknow.ItdifficulttoseetheroadclearlybecauseitA.was;wasrainingB.is;hasrainedC.is;israiningD.willbe:willrain()3.I—amistake.Pleasedon"tbeangrywithme・A.makeB.madeC.willmakeD.hadmade()4.Tommyislookingforthewatchhisunclehimlastmonth.A.givesB.gaveC.togiveD.hasgiven()5.LastSundaymyauntathomewithme.WewerewatchingTVallday.A.wasB.wereC・isD.are ()6.There—abigcakeandmanycandiesatthepartyyesterday.A.wasB.wereC・isD.are()7.TinaandherparentstoEnglandforsightseeinglastsummer.A.goB.wentC.willgoD.havegone()8.-Howwasyourdayoff?-Prettygood!I—thescieneemuseumwithmyclassmates.A.visitB.visitedC・amvisitingD.willvisit()9.-When_JessytoNewYork?-Yesterday.A.does;getB・did;getC・has;gotD.had;got()10.Ithewrongthing・CanIuseyoureraser?A.writeB.wroteC.amwritingD.willwrite()11.-Howwasyourtriptotheancientvillage?一FantasticIWetoamuseumofstrangestones.A.goB.wentC.aregoingD.willgo()12.Theyhertotheparty,Soshewasveryhappy・A.inviteB.invitedC.willinviteD.areinviting专题十三一般将来时标定位1•掌握一般将来时的意义及其基本构成，能在口语和书面语中正确使用。 2.掌握常与一般将来时连用的时间状语。3.区分w川/shall与begoingto表示将来的用法，前者单纯强调将来的动作或状态；后者强调现在已汁划或打算过的将来的事情，或有迹象表明将来必然或是可能要发生的事或自然现象・表明马上就要发生的动作。4・掌握"beaboutto+动词原形〃表示将来的用法，注意其不能与表示将来的确切的时问状语连用。5.掌握在时间状语从句和条件状语从句巾z用一般现在时表示将来的用法第一课时语法梳理一、一般将来时一般将来时表示在将来的某个时候将要发生的动作或存在的状态，可用will/shall,begoingto,beto加动词原形表示。常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有tomorrow.nextweek,Soon,inthefuture,beforelong等。二一般将来时的构成 ;句型助动词will/shallbegoing2旬型1…一••:肯生句•I/Wclwill/shall1-动词原形+…You/Hc/She/It/They+will4动词原形+...尸”ui-lui-_—~一一———*————II-amgoinglo+动词原形十…•W表示将有职贵、义务、可链、约定、意图等做某事。4“bzboutS+动词原形”句型，意思是“正要做……”。表示马上、很快做某事・（離另表示将来的明确的时间状语连用。金蕊5•在肘回状语从句和密状语从句中.用一般现在时表示将来。词1.Wewillgotoworkonthefarmnextweek.下周我们将至！］农场劳动。 Shallwecomehereagainnextweek?我彳门下周还会来这里吗？2.I"mgoingtowashtheclothes.我将去洗这些衣服。Thereisgoingtobeafilmthisevening.今天晩上有电景彳。2.Mymotheristogotoseemyteacher.妈妈将去见我的老师。Wearetobebackbynineo"clock.我们将在9点前返回。4.1wasabouttogotoschoolwhenyoucame.你来时z我正要去学校。Heisabouttoleave.他将要离开了。5.MyparentswilltakemetotheparkifitisfinenextSunday.如果下星期天是晴天，我父母将带我去公园。Don"tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped・车停了，再下车。基础训练I・用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.I(finish)allthehouseworkinhalfanhour.2.They_(notmove)awayuntiltomorrow.3.-Mr.Brown(give)usatalktomorrow?・-Yes,heL4.-WhenLucy(graduate)nextyear?・-She(graduate)nextJuly.5.Seanis(takeup)modernartnextterm.6.-they(leave)forAustralianextweek?o.theyarerft.7.-Whenwe(start)off?-AtsixOzclock•8.Lookattheclouds.There(be)astorm• 1.He(leave)whensomeonecallshim.2.Howdoyoulikeourcity?—Wonderful.I(stay)hereoranothertwodays.3.Tom(be)backinafewdays.12He(write)ane-mailtohisfriendtomorrowevening.13.Therain(stop)soon.Youdon*tneedtoworryabouttheweather.11.根据I青景，补全对话。Mother:AuntSusie1goingtohavedinnerwithUStonight.Willyou2buysomethingfromthesupermarket3me?Nelson:Sure.What4_Ibuy?Mother:Shelikesfruitsvery5.Maybeyoucangetsomefreshstrawberriesandgrapes.Thebananas6alsobegood.Nelson:I7buvawatermelon(西瓜)aswell.Bytheway,8LindaandStevecome?Mother:Yeszthey9.They10goingtoplayvideogameswithyou.Nelson:Wonderful!11Ibuysomepotatochipsandcandiesforthem?Mother:Iguessthey12likethem.They13arriveataboutsix.You"dbettergonow.Nelson:Okay.Letme14anumbrellafirst・Theradiosaysitis15torain.HI.用will或begoingto的适当形式完成下列各句，使之成为完整的对话。每空一词。彳列：Jolin:Whyarcyoureadingtheseadvertisements（广告）?Alex:Iamgoingtobuyasecondhandcar.A）Ann:Howaboutgoingtothefashionshow?Kate:That^sagreatidea!Igowithyou! B）Pam:seeMiketomorrow?Andy:No,nottomorrow,butIthinkIseehimonSaturday.C）Sam:Whatdonextweekend,Andy?Andy:WehaveafamilypicnicinWaleswithmycousinsfromCardiff.D）Joan:JackandIsellourbooksandtoysatthesale・Mum:That"sagoodidea・Ihelpyoupackeverythingup.E）Lisa:IforgotthekeysandIleftmywalletinmygreenjacket表示"但是”M｛「•however]6・yrlJ厂农示"然而•可是”•位于句曲.句中或句尾.用逗号与句子其他成分隔开二r7"TT^一』示对照关系，"然而”•对比的前肩分句在絃构上基本保持一致:1o-while—（1）表示“就在那时".相当Tandthen>atthetime,Ihrn.—股放于第二个分句句首。9・when）T，2〉农示"既然".语气比絞弱。+迪说话人的附依搦.也可以表示因果关亦-——:——:~::表示并列句的因果关系,I1.»o,thuAjhereforethence"如：1.(i)llikeEnglishandmath我喜欢英语和数学。Iamateacherandmybrotherisastudent我是一名教师，我的弟弟是一名学生。⑵MyfatherisateacherandheteacheswelL我父亲是一立老师,而且他教书教得很好。Heisalovelyboyandhelikesdancing.他是一可爱的男孩，而且他喜欢跳舞。⑶Heputonhiscoatandwentout.他穿上夕卜套出去了。Shecameinandclosedthedooi•.她进来把门关上了。(4)Stiidyhardandyouwillmakeprogress.努力学习，你就会取得进步。Goaheadandyouwillfindthepostofficeinfrontofyou.朝前走，你就会看见邮局在你的前面。2.Notonlyishehimselfinterestedinthesubject,butalsohisstudentsshowinterestinit.不仅他对这门学科感兴趣,他的学生也很感兴趣。3.NeitherdoIknowhisaddress,nordomyparents•我不知道他的地址,我的父母也不矢［J道。 1.(1)Youcanstayhere,oryoucanleave.你可以待在这儿r也可以离开。(2)Youniustworkhard,oryou"llloseyourjob.你必须努力工作,否则你会丢掉你的工作。(3)Theworkersarehappy,oratleasttheyappeartobehappy.工人们是幸福的”或者说至少他们看上去是幸福的。2.(l)Hewasillyesterday,buthestillwenttoschool.他昨天病了，但他仍然去上学了。(2)Everyonelikesapersonwithgoodmanners,butnoonelikesapersonwithbadmanners•每个人都喜欢有修养的人，没有人喜欢没有修养的人。3.Marygotupearly,yetshefailedtobethereontime•玛丽很早就起床了，但是她还是没有按时到那里。4.Theproblemwasdifficult;however,heworkeditout.这个问题很难，但是他还是做出来了。&Somepeoplearepoorherewhilesomearerich.这里的一些人很穷z然而一些人很富有。9.(1)1wasgoingtoleavewhenitbegantorain我正要离开时就下起了雨。(2)You"dbetternotgooutsidewhenitiscold既然这么冷，你最好不要出去。10.1mustgonow#formysisteriswaitingforme.我得走了#因为我的妹妹在等我。11.Thisisourfirstlesson,so/thus/thereforeIdon"tknowyournames.这是我们的第一节课，所以我不知道你们的名字。基础训练I.填入适当的并列连词，使句子完整。1.Somestudentsareinterestedinmusicothersarefondofplayingfootball.2.Theydrovetothesupermarket,parkedtheircarrushedintothehall.3.Sheisoneofthebeststudentsinherclass.Shestusieswellsingswell.4.Hecanstayhere,hecanleave・5.Hunyup,youwillbelate.6.Theywerehappy,atleasttheylookedhappy.7.1repeated.,shestilldidn"thearme.5.Hewasabouttogooutitbegantorain. 1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,theplaygroundiswet.2.Somepeoplearestarvingothersarewastingfood.I.将下列句子译成英语。1•她不仅有知识,而且有经验。2•他不知道这个问题的答案，所以他没有举手。3我到处找手表，但是没有找到。4•不是他错,就是你错。5•努力工作，你便会成功。第二课时疑难拓展疑难点一and和o「作并列连词引导并列句表示条件时，可转换为if引导的条件状语从句。女[]:Hurryup,andyouwillcatchupwiththem.=Ifyouhurryup,youwillcatchupwiththem.如果你快点，你就会赶上他们。疑难点二yet引导并列句时，相当于but，但是一般yet前可加and,而but前不能加and。疑难点三在并列句中当两个简单句的主语相同时,第二个简单句的主语可以省略。女[]:HelikesChinesecultureand(he)cansingBeijingOpera他喜欢中国文化,会唱京剧。疑难点四并列句除了可以用并列连词连接外,还可以用标点符号分隔,主要是用分号分隔。如：Ilikesinging；helikesdancing我喜欢唱歌,他喜欢跳舞。能力提升I.单项选择。 ()1.Rickycaughtabadcoldyesterday,hehadtostayathome.A.becauseB.butC・orD・so()2.-Hello,MissWu!—I"msorryrIdon"tthinkIknowyou.A.andB・orC.butD.hecause()3.MissGaoisagoodChineseteachershewillteachusChinesethistermA.orB.andC.butD.so()4.—Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?-I"dliketozI"mtoobusy.A.andB.ifC.soD.but()5・1havetwodaughters,butliveswithme・A.allB.bothC・neitherD.either()6.—Dad,mathistoodifficultforme.—Oh,dear,workhard,you*llfinditeasy・A.butB.orC.andD.so()7.Forestshelptokeepwaterfromrunningaway,droughtdoesnotoftenhappen.A.andB.butC.soD.though()&Ihavetostayuplate,Ihavealotofworktodo.A.soB.andC.forD.but()9.Shegotupearly,andshefailedtoattendthemeetingontime.A.yetB.stillC.butD.so()10.—Ihearanewfilmisonthesedays.Shallwegotothecinematogether,LucyandLily?~LilyIwillgowithyoubecauseoneofusmustbeathometohelpourfatherinthegarden・A.Either,norB.Either;orC.Neither;norD.Both;and ()11.—Howdoyoulikethisdress?—It"sbeautifulitfitsmewell,Ilikeitverymuch・A.and;andB.and;butCso;soD.and;so()12.Thedaybreaksthebirdsaresinging・A.becauseB.forC.soD.since()13・Helikesplayingfootballhissisterlikesreading.A.butB.whileC・whenD.however()14.Theproblemwasdifficult.!workeditout,・A.butB.whileC・howeverD.yet()15・Sueisill,shecan"tgotoschooltoday.A.becauseB.whenC・soD.and()16.Thoughhestudieshard,hedoesn"tpasstheexam・A.butB./C・howeverD.andII.按要求进行句型转换。1.Ifyouuseyourhead,youllfindawayout.(改为同义句)yotfllfindawayout.2.Lucyhasn"ttravelledbyair.Lilyhasn"teither.(改为同义句)LucyLilybyair.3.Tomispleasedwiththeresult.Kateispleasedwiththercsult^too.(改为同义句)TomKatetheresult.4.Callataxi,oryouwillmissthetrain.(改为同义句)Callataxi,youwillmissthetrain.ataxi，youwillmissthetrain.5.Oneofthetwins.EddieandTom,issuretocometotheparty.(改为同义句)EddieTomwillcometo theparty.疑难突破单项选择。()1.Thelittleboyateabigmeal,hesaidhewasn"thungry.A.ifB.thoughC.becauseD.as()2Jenny,putonyourcoat,youwillcatchacold.A.butB.andC.orD.so()3.Stoppingsmoking,youwillgetbettersoon.A.andB.ofC.butD.after()4.—IwouldlikeyoutotalkabouttheGreatWall.-Pmsorry,butJackIhavebeenthere.A.either;orB.neither;norC・both;andD・notonly;butalso()5.Moneyisveryimportant,ifsnotthemostimportantthing.A.andB.butC.orD.so()6.Mom,myclassmatesarewaitingoutside,Imustgonow・A.orB.ButC.soD.though()7.Helpotherswheneveryoucanyoifllmaketheworldanicerplacetolive・A.andB.orC.unlessD.but()&theymaynotsucceed,theywilltrytheirbest.A.ThoughB.WhenC.BecauseD.Unless()9.Switzerlandisverysmall,itisthelandofwatchanditisveryrich.A.Though;butB.Because;soCBecause;JD.Though;/()10.—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithustonight?—Ifdloveto,Ican"t・Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.A.andB.butC.soD.or()11.—DidyougiveDickacall?-Ididn"tneedto,I"llseehimsoon. A.whenB.thoughC.untilD.because()12・Lindatriedtobecomeanexcellentteacher,atlastshesucceeded・A.soB.orC.butD.and()13・—Whatisourheadteacherlike,doyouknow?“Oh,heisverykindhelooksveryserious.A.becauseB.ThoughC.ifD.When()14.HowdoyoulikesongssungbyLiuHuan?—Theyarewonderful,Ican"thearhiswordsclearlysometimes.A.butB.soC.becauseD.if()15.HishobbyiswatchingTVplayingthepiano.It"sreadingbooks・A.either;orB.both;andC・neither;nor()16」couldspeakJapaneseChinese,soIhadtotalkwithhiminEnglish・A.notonly;butalsoB・both,andC・neither;norD.either;or()17・It"sanicehouseithasn"tgotagarden.A.andB.orC.hutD.so()1&hecomesback」‘11tellhim.A.WhereB.HowC.WhenD.What()19.—DoyouthinkmostofthepeopleinBeijingcantalkwithforeignersinEnglish?-Yes,Ithinkso.theyoungtheoldarelearningtospeakEnglish・A.Either;orB.Neither;NorC.Between,andD.Notonly;butalso()20.Thesestorybooksforchildrenarcawfiillywritten.Theyareinterestingexciting・A.either;orB.neither;norC・both;andD.notonly:batalso专题十六Therebe句型目标走位 1掌握Therebe句型的基本构成，能在口语和书面语中正确使用。1.掌握Therehe句型中be动词单复数的就近原则，这是中考的常考点。2.掌握Therebe句型的赶击时和将来时的用法。4掌握Therebe句型的反意疑问句的用法。5・注意Therehe与have的区别意义，同时避免出现Therehave/has的错误结构。6■掌握Thereusedtobe的结构,此句型表示“过去曾有”。第一课时语法艇"Therebe+主语十地点/时间状语”表示“某地点/时间有某物"。be有人称、数和时态自化。谈句型中的be也可用stand,live,exist等动词替换,也可在be前加上seemto,happento或情态动词等。二、There触句型的构成1】肯定句ITh切吃曲主语心也点/时问状2•否定句)Therebrnot(any.much)十主语+血点/时间状语uTherebe主语+地点/时间状语°Therebez句型的构成：cthere(any)+主语+地点/时间状语?4简略回答therehe./No.therehenot.5.特殊疑问句1.特殊疑问词+hethere+地点/时间状语。2.How名词+be地点/时间状语?1.Therearesometreesinourschool.我彳门学校有些树。Thereisaninterestingfilmat6O"clock.6点有场有趣的电影。2.(1)Thereisn"tanybirdsintheforest,森林里没有一只鸟。(2)Thereisnowaterintheglass杯子里没有水。3.1sthereanybirdinthefbrest?森林里有鸟吗？ 4.(l)Whenistheregoingtobeafootballmatchontheplayground?在操场上的足球赛什么时候举行？(2)Howmanyguestsarethereintheroom?房间里有多少客人？三、Therehe句型的用法1.Therebe结构中的动词的数要和后面紧跟的名词保持一致，即就近原则。如：Thereisapictureonthewall.墙上有一幅照片。Therearesomebooksonthedesk桌子上有一些书。2Therebe结构也有现在时、过去时和将来时之分。现在时通过be动词的现在式is和are来体现；过去时通过be动词的过去式was和were来体现；Therebe句型的将来时开彳式为Thereis/regoingtobe...Therewillbe两种f如:Thereisabookinmybag我书包里有本书。Thereweresomebeautifulflowersheretwoweeksago两周前这里有些漂亮的花。Thereisgoingtobeabeautifulgardeninourschool.我们学校将有个漂亮的花园。2.Therebe型在构成反意疑问句时，它的附加问句是把Therebe倒装。主句肯定，附加句就用否定形式；主句否定,附加句就用肯定形式。如：Therearesomepearsonthetable,aren"tthere?桌子上有一些梨,不是吗？基础训练I•用be的正确形式填空。1・Thereapianointhecorneroftheroom.2.Theresometeainthecup・3.Therethreebuildingsandabeautifulgardeninourschool.4.Theresomemeat,somebreadandsomeapplesonthetable.5.Thereapictureandaclockonthewall.6.Thereavolleyballmatchinourschoolthedayaftertomorrow..7.Therenofactories,hospitalsandschoolsherefiftyyearsago.&Theremaysomethingwrongwithyourwatch.9.Thereanymailforyoutoday. 9.Thereanylettersinthemail-boxtoday.11・Howmanykindsofanimalsthereinthisarea?12.thereanythingIcandoforyou?用some和any填空。1.There"swaterintheglass.2.Thereisn"tteainthecup.3.Istherebreadhere?4.Therewasn"tchocolateonthetabicjustnow・5.Aretherecarsinfrontofthebuilding?用Therebe和have的适当开纟式填空。每空一词。1.Mysisterthreebeautifuldresses.2.somebooksonthedesk・3.Everyoneadictionaryinmyclass4.1anewsweater.4.someflowersandadeskintheroom.5.nothinginthebag・6.Theysomethingtoeat.&Wemanygoodfriendsintheuniversity・9.threepotatoesinthebasket.10.Doyousomepencils?根据汉语意思完成下列句子。1•—年有四个季节。inayear.2.——冰箱里有牛奶吗？一有，还有一点儿。—inthefridge?-,alittle.3.今天晚上没有雨了。anyramtonight.4.明天将有一部有趣的电影上映。 aninterestingfilmtomorrow.5.一年有几周呢？inayear?1.世上没有神仙f对吗？nofairiesintheworld,?2.桌上有一个苹果和两个梨。andtwopearsonthetable.第二课时疑难点一Therebe结构表示“某处有某人/某事”，其含义为“存在有”,期中的there只是引导词，无实义；而have的含义是“所有,属于",其主语为物体的所有者。汉语中的，有在译成英语时一走要多加注意，如果主语为人，用have。如］Ihavesomeinterestingtoysathome・如果表示某处有某物/人/事，则用Therebe结构。如：TherearemanynewwordsinLessonOne.第—课有很多亲斤单词。疑难点二Therebe结构后面有多个并列名词作主语时.be的形式要和离它最近的保持一致。如:Thereisaknifeandsomeonthetable.桌上有一把刀和一些苹果。Therearesomeapplesandaknifeonthetable桌上有一些苹果和—把刀。疑难点三Therebe结构后面只能接不定冠词加可数名词的单数，可数名词的复数以及不可数名词,F不能接定冠词或其他表示特指的词。如：Thereisapencilinmypencil-box.（此时的a不能换成the）铅笔盒里有一支铅笔。疑难点四在Therebe结构中，还可用seem,appear,happen,exist,stand,lie.nin,remain等词来代替beo如：Therestandsatempleonthehill.山上有座庙。疑难点五表示“过去曾有……但现在已经不复存在了)”常用Thereusedtobe结构,其反意疑问句形式有两种：usedn"tthere或didn"tthereo如：Thereusedtobesomehousesherefiveyearsago五年前这里有一些房子。(现在没有了) 疑难点六在Therebe句型中.如果地点状语位于句首时.there有时也可以省略。如：Onthetableisacupoftea.桌子上有杯茶。能力提升I•单项选择。()1.Therenobreadinthefridge・Couldyougetsomeforme?A・isB・areC.wasD.were()2.Theresomechildrenplayinggamesinthepark.A.isB.areC.hasD.Have()3.—Thereissomesouponthetabic,isn"t?—No,Ithinkthafswater・A.ThereB.itC.thatD.One()4.Look,that"sournewschoolbuilding.Therebeoldandlowhouses・A.isgoingtoB・hadC.usedtoD.used()5.Thereisgoingtoabasketballmatchthisaftemoon.A.haveB.watchC.beD.Play()6.—Therealotofmilkandcakesonthetable.Wouldyoulikesome?一Yes,please.A.isB.areC.amD.be()7.ThereatalkabouthowtolearnEnglishbyLiYangtomorrowA.wasB.willbeC.hadD.willhave()&everyonehereanapple?A.Are;thereB.Is;thereC.Does;haveD.Do;have（）9.TheremanynewwordsinLessonOne.Itisveryeasy.A.isB.aren"tC.isn^tD.are（）10.Thereusedtobesomewildanimalsonthisisland,?A.didn^titB.usedrftthereC.isn"tthereD.wasn"tthereII•求完成下列各题。1.Thereissomeonewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.（改为同义母） youattheschoolgate.1.Therewillbeaninterestingmovietonight/改为同义句）aninterestingmovietonight.2.Thereisnowaterinthebottle,?（补全反意疑问句）3.Thereisthekeytothethirddoor.（改错）4.Therearesomeexercisebooksinmydesk.5.Thereissomemoneyinmywallet.（改为否定句）moneyinmywallet6.Therewasatalkshowlastnight.（用tonight改为一殳将来时）Thereatalkshowtonight.Ill•根据汉语意思，完成英语句子。每空一词。1•书桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。Thereandtwopensonthedesk.2.在吉姆的书包里有些卡片。somecardsinJinfsbag.3.里面还有其他东西吗？anythingelseinit?4我们学校有许多班。Theremanyinourschool.5树上没有鸟。Therebirdsinthetree.1.-操场上有学生吗，-不，没有。~thereonthenow?~No,.2.门口有人找你。someoneatthedoorlookingforyou 8房子里只有一张桌子,四把椅子和一张小床。onlyatable,fourchairsandasmallbedintheroom.9•我的钱包没钱了，你有吗？anymoneyinmywallet.youany?10.公园里有许多孩子在放风筝。manychildreninthepark.IV•在横线上填上therewas/therewasn"t/wasthere/therewere/thereweren"t/werethere/therewillbe等。1.Iwashungrybutanythingtoeat.2.anylettersformeyesterday?3.afootballmatchonTVlastnight.Didyouseeit?4.・・Westayedataverynicehotel.—aswimmingpool?5・Thewalletwasempty.moneyinit.6.•-manypeopleatthemeeting.—No.veryfbw.7.Wedidnftvisitthemuseum.enoughtime.8.I"msonyPmlate.alotoftrafficontheroadjustnow.9.Twentyyearsagomanytouristshere・Nowtherearealot.10.1thinkeverythingwillbeOK.Idon"tthinkanyproblems・ 疑难突破I.（2010山东潍坊）词汇应用。阅读下面的短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空一必要时可加助动词。DuringtheSecondWorldWarjohn"sfamilydidn"thavewashingmachine.Therefore,j_(keep)clothescleanbecameaproblemforthem.Beforelongafamilyfrienddecided2(join)thearmyandhiswifewasgoingwithhim.John"sfamilytoldthemthattheycouldtakecareoftheirfurniturewhiletheywereaway.Tothe3(family)surprise,thefriendsuggestedtheyusehisBendixwashingmachine.HItwouldbebetterforitto4(use)ratherthansitting5(quiet),nhesaid.YoungJohnhelpedwiththewashingdevelopedadeeploveoftheold,greenBendix.6(Late),thewarendedandthefamily"sfriendreturned.Whenhecametotakethemachineaway,Johnbecameverysad.Hismothersawthisandsaidto7(he).nSon.youmustrememberthatmachinedidn"tbelongtousinthe8(one)place.Itwasagiftforustoheabletouseitforsuchalongtime.So.insteadof9(he)sadabouttheloss.Letsbegratefulthatwe10(be)ab1etouseitatthattime・”Wehaveallexperieneedloss:lossofpeopleandthings.Howeverjfweseethethingwe11(lose)asagiftthatweweregivenforatime,maybethesadj_2(memory)willchangeintoL3(thank)ones・II.单项选择()1.Therenoteainthecup.A.isB.areC.hasD.be()2.Thereinthenextroom.A.isTomB.aresomeboysC・aretheyD・istheboy()3.Thereissomeontheplate.A.appleB.breadC.bananaD.sandwich()4.Thcrcsomepaperandapenonthedesk.A.isB・areC・haveD・has()5.Thereaschoolatthefootofthehill.A.haveB.standC.areD.stands()6.Therefsgoingtointomorrownewspapers.A.havesomethingnewB.havenewsomethingC.besomethingnew A.benewsomethingM()7.~isthereonthetabic?A.HowmanyapplesB.HowmuchbreadC.HowmuchbreadD.Howmanyfood()8.Therenotanywaterintheglass・A.hasB.isC.arc()9.anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet?A.IsthereB.ArethereC.HasD.Have()10.Theregreatchangesinourcountrysince1979.A.havebeenB・wereC.hasbeenD.are()11.Thereislittlewaterintheglass,?A.isnrtthereB.isnftitC.isitD.isthere()12.—Thereisnoairorwateronthemoon,isthere?AYes,thereareB.Nowhereisn!tC.Yes,thereisn"tD.No,thereis.()13.Howmanyarcthereinyourclassroom?A.desksB.deskC.chairD.door()14.Theresomethingwrongwithmycar.A.areB.hasC.isD.have()15・Thereapencilandtwopensinthepencil-box.A.arcB.bcC.havcD.is 191