江苏省张家港市崇真中学高一英语语法教案直接引语 6页

直接引语变间接引语语法讲解一.概念直接引语(Directspeech):直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内间接引语(Indirectspeech):用自己的话转述别人的话(相当于宾语从句)二、人称的变化人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。1.“一随主""是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如：Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."—>Shesaidbrotherwantedtogowith2.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时，从句要与主句的宾语保持一致。如：HesaidtoKate,"Howisyoursisternow?"*—Hehowwasthen.3第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称，从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker/^Mr.Smithsaidwasagoodworker.三、时态的变化直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，直接引语一般过去时一般现在时一般将來时现在进行时现在完成时变成一种过去时。(以study为例)：间接引语(跟过去相关的时态)过去完成时(hadstudied)过去时(studied)过去将来时(would/shouldstudy)过去进行时(was/werestudying)过去完成时(hadstudied)现在完成进行时过去完成进行时(hadbeenstudying)如“She"spreparingherlessons,"Isaid.—>1said(that)shepreparingherlessons.Isaidtothem,"He"llgetexcite."—>Itoldthcm(that)hegetexcited.但要注意在以下儿种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变•化。①直接引语是客观真理。如："Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth",theteachertoldme.—Theteachertoldmetheeartharoundthesunandthemoonaroundtheearth.②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。女口：Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?^^ —>JackaskedJohnwhereoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.③直接引语中有具体，的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。女mXiaoWangsaid,“IwasbornonApril20,1980."—>XiaoWangsaidhebornonApril20,1980.④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,Tgetupatsixeveryrooming：—>Hesaidupatsixeverymorning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例：oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时，(例：could,should,would,might)不再变。如：Petersaid,"Youhadbettercomehavetoday：—>PetersaidIgotherethatday.四八代词，状语等的变化指示代词this—thatthese…those时间状语ago…beforenow…thenyesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening一-themorning/afternoon/eveningbeforethismorning/afternoon/evening-一thatmorning/afternoon/eveningthedaybeforeyesterday—-twodaysbeforeyesterday…thedaybefore/thepreviousdaytoday…thatdaytomorrow…thenext(following)daythedayaftertomorrow—twodaysafter/intwodaystimelastweek(month)…theweek(month)before/thepreviousweekthisweek(month,etc.)—thatweek(month,etc.)nextweek(month)―thenext(following)week(month)twoweeks(months,etc.)ago一-twoweeks(months,etejbefore地点状语here…there动词bring・・・takecomego注意：若在当地转述，here不必改为there,come不必改为go,若在当天转述，today,yesterday,tomorrow等也不必改变•如："I"llcomehereagaintoday,"shesaid.—>Shcsaid(that)shc"dcomehereagaintoday.四、句型：1•直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时由that引导（that可省略）如:直接引语陈述句，去掉引号加that,引述动词say,tell9repeat9explain,think人称变化要灵 活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes：—>Shesaid(that)theirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.2•直接引语如果是一般疑问句，反意疑问句或选择疑问句，变为间接引语时由whether或if引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序。主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等。如Hesaid,"Canyouswim,John?"—>HeJohn"Youhavefinishedthe.homework,haven"tyou?"mymotherasked.—►Mymotherme"Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?"—>Heme3•直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，用原来的特殊疑问词引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序•“直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢他最重要”Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?55—►Sheaskedme・4•直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为utell(ask,order,beg,advise,warn)sb.(not)todosth.”句型。如："Donimakeanynoise/1shesaidtothechildren.—►She"Bringmeacupoftea,please/"saidshe・—►She5•直接引语如果是以“Let、”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词(或从句)。垃山Hesaid,Let^sgotothefilm/"->Hc直接引语问接引语常见的引导词陈述句Say+that+从句tellsbthat+从句一般、反意疑问句ask,inquire,wonder,wanttoknow+whetherif+从句选择疑问句a-sk,inquire,wonder,wanttoknow+whetherorornot特殊疑问句asksb+特殊疑问词+从句祈使句ask/tell/advise/order+sb+(not)todosuggestthat+从句感叹句What或that引导并列句和复合句根据不同的句式来选择不同的引述动词和连词 练习1.请选出正确的答案：1."You"vealreadygotwelhhaven"you?"sheasked.—Sheasked.A.ifIhavealreadygotwelbhadn"tyouB・whetherIhadalreadygotwellC・haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell・2.Heasked，“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”—>Hcaskedme.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB・wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.3.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”—>Heasked・A.howamIgettingalongB・howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong4.Heaskedmewithme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what"sthematterD.whatwasthematter5.Hesaid,“Don"tdothatagain.nHe「methatagain.A.saidtome；nottodoB.saidtome；don"tdoC・loldme；don"tdoD・toldme；nottodo6.Canyoumakesure?A.thathewillcomeheretodayB.whenhewillcomeheretodayC・willhecomeheretodayD.whetherwillhecomeheretoday7.Doyouhappentoknow?A.whereisheraddressB.inwhichplaceisheraddressC・whatheraddressisD.lheplaceheraddressis8.Excuseme,butcanyoutellme?A.wherecanIgettothelibraryB.whereIcangettothelibraryC・howcanIgettothelibraryD.howIcangettothelibrary9.Johnaskedmetovisithisuncle"sfarmwithhim.A.howwouldIlikeB.ifornotwouldIlikeC.whetherIwouldlikeD.whichIwouldlike10.I"dliketoknowChinese・A.whenhebegantolearnB.whendidhebegintolearnC・whendidhebeginlearningD・forhowlonghebegantolearn将下列句子变为间接引语：1・“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”hisfathersaidtohim.2.Mr.Wangsaid,TwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth,children^3."Ihaven"heardfrommyparentsthesedays,"saidMary. 2.Thegeographyteachersaidtous,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesroundthesun.”5・Shesaidtohim,Tt"stimethatyoulefthere."6.ZhangHongsaidtome,"DoctorWangpassedawayi「n1948J7.Johnsaidtohisparents,Thadlearned500Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm；8.Thehistoryteachersaidtothem,"TheChineseCommunistPartywasfbu4idedonJuly1st,1921."9.Hesaid,"Arcyouastudent?"10."HaveyouanythinginterestingIcanread.George?"shesaid.11."She"sheretoaskforhelp,isn^tshe?"heasked・12.uWherearcyougoing?"thefatheraskedhisson.13."Arcyousorryforwhatyouhavedone?themotheraskedthenaughtyboy.14.Shesaid,"Didyoumeetthismanatthestationtwohoursago,Mr.Li?”15."Writeyournamesonyourpapersfirst,”theteachersaidtous.16.“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow,"herfriendsaidtoher.17."Letmepacktheparcelforyou,"hesaid・18.“Don"makesomuchnoiseinclass,boysandgirls,saidtheteacher.19.“Whatalovelydayitis!"20."HappyNewYeartoyou!"hesaid. I.C5BCCDD6"10ACDCAII.1.Hisfathertoldhimthatheshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.2.Mr.WangtoldthechildrenthathewouldleaveforShanghaionbusinessthenextmonth.3.Marysaidthatshehadn"theardfromherparentsthosedays.4.Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesroundthesun.5.Shetoldhimthatitwastimethatheleftthere・6.ZhangHongtoldmethatDoctorWangpassedawayin1948・7.JohntoJdhisparentsthathehadlearned500Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm<8.ThehistoryteachertoldthemthattheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundec!onJuly1st,1929.HeaskedwhetherIwasastudent・•10.12.13.SheaskedGeorgeHeaskedwhetherifhehadanythinginterestingshecouldread.shewastheretoaskforhelpornot.Thefatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing.Themotheraskedthenaughtyboyifhewassorryforwhathehaddone.14・SheaskedMr.Liwhetherhehadmetthatmanatthestationtwohoursbefore.15.Theteachertoldustowriteournamesonourpapersfirst.16.Ilerfriendaskedhertogothereagainthenext/followingday-17.Heofferedtopacktheparcelforme.18.Theteachertoldtheboysandgirlsnottomakesomuchnoiseinclass.19.He/Sheexclaimedthatitwasr.eallyalovelyday.20.HewishedmeaHappyNewYear・