9初中英语语法讲义—情态动词 4页

初中英语语法讲义一情态动词姓名一.金义：情态动词表示说话人.对某种动作和状态的看法，但情态动词不能单独作谓语，一般只能和动词连用构成谓语。部分情态动词有过去式，但没有人称和数的变化。二情态动词白勺才寺征1有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。2无人称和数的变化（haveto例外；用于第三人称单数时用hasto）。如：Wemuststayhere.Hemuststayhere.Wehavetowalkhome.Hehastowalkhome・3后接动词原形，即不带to的不定式。Shemayloseherway.4具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句，疑问句及用于简明答语。CanyousinganEnglishsong?Yes,Ican.三扌青态动词的用法l.can,could的用法①表示能力,能，会如:Canyouplaybasketball?ShecanspeakalittleEnglish.（06,福建）.一Let"sgodancingtonight・一Sorry,I.Ihavetogotoameeting.A.can"tB・mustn"tC・maynotD.needn"t（06苏州）TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokingly（开玩笑地）calledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseitbeveryslow・A.shouldB.mustC・willD.can②表怀疑，猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中Hecan"tbeintheroom.（06,黑龙江课改）——Listen!Lilyissinging.ThatbeLily.Sheisinthelibrary.Amustn"tBwouldn"tCcan"t③表请求或允许，都用于口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may如:Youcan（may）gonow.（06,甘肃金昌）-…Couldyoupleasepassthebookontheshelftome?-…・AYouarewelcomeBNo,Icouldn"tCCertainly.Hereyouarc.DYes,Icould（06四川）一CouldIhavealookatthephotoofyourfamily,Sam?—Ofcourseyou・A.mayB.canC・could（06湖州）一Whyise-shoppinggettingmoreandmorepopular?——Itsavealotoftroubleandtimeifitisproperlyused・A.needB.shouldC.canD・hasto（05海淀）一Excuseme,youtellmethewaytothenearestbusstation?—Sorry,Icarft・I"mastrangerhere.A.mayB.needC.mustD.can④could是can的过去式，可以表示过去的能力如：IcouldswimwhenIwassevenyearsold.2may的用法①表推测，意为“可能，也许”，用于肯定句中如：Hemaycometomorrow.（06山东济宁课改）…Ben,don"tdrivetoofast.Youhittheothers"cars.A.mustB.canC.mayD.need（07苏州）——IsJohncomingbytrain?——Heshould，buthenot.HelikesdrivinghiscarAmayBmustChavetoDshould（07朝阳一模）一MayIputmybikehere?—No,you.Putitoverthere,please.A.needn"tB.won"tC.mustn"tD.wouldn"t（06沈阳）・一Whoseguitaristhis?—ItAlice.Sheplaystheguitar.A.mightbeB.mustbeC・canbelongD.mightbelongto （06绍兴）一Excuseme,isthistherightwaytoNo.1MiddleSchool?一Sorry,I"mnotsure.Butitbe.A.canB・needC・mustD.may（03,天津）YougoandaskMeimei.Sheknowtheanswe匚Amust;canBmust;mayCneed;canD・can;may（07江西）…AreyougoingtoBeijingbyplane?一-It，sfast.butexpensive.SoIamnotsure.Itakeatrain.A.shouldB・mayC・mustD.will①表请求，许"J,意为“可以”MayIborrowyourbook?May表请求时，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，其否定回答用mustn9!,不用maynot,表“不可以，不许，阻止”。MayIgonow?No,youmustn"t.（06,海南课改）-…MayIgooutandplaytennis,Dad?Yes,butyoufinishyourhomeworkfirst.AcanBcouldCmayDmust（07内江）.—Iswiminthatriver?—No,you・It"sdangeroustoswiminit.A-Must,can"tB.Can,maynotC.May,mustn^②表祝愿Mayyousuccess.2must和haveto的用法©must表主观看法，“必须”，“应该"，“haveto”表客观需要，“不得不”、“必须”。Wemustreturnthebooktothelibraryontime.Youhavetowearsportsshoesforyougymclass.（06兰州）一Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?一Well,ifyouknow,hernameisJoe.A.mustB.mayC・canD.shall（06汕头）Yesterdayitrainedheavilywhenschoolwasove匚Westayinourclassroom・A.shouldB.mustC.hadto（06怀化）Youstopyourcarwhenthetrafficlightisred.A.mustB・mayC・can（06盐城）■一Icarftstopplayingcomputergames・-一Foryouhealth,myboy,Fmafraidyou.A.canB.mayC.mustD.haveto（06辽宇）1enjoythepartyverymuch,butIgohome・It"stoodark・A.havetoB.mayC.mustn"tD.can"t②must表肯定的，很有把握的推断，“必定,一定”，比may的可能性大，只用于肯定句中，否定形式是“can%”如：Wemustbeverycarefulwhenwecrosstheroad.（我们过马路时一定要非常小心）/ItmustbeJack.（那准是杰克）/Ihaven"tseenKatetoday.Shecan%behere.（我今天没有看到过凯特，她不可能在这里）"There"ssomeoneknockingonthedoor*.ItmustbeJim.（06孝感）一Look!ItbeJackontheplayground.—Itbehim.BecauseIsawhimentertheschoollibraryjustnow.A.must,mustn"tB.can,can"tC.may,mustn"tD.must,can"t（06［可北）.™Listen!IsthatKateplayingthepianointheroom?—-No.ItbeKate.ShehasgonetoLondon・A.maynotB.needn"tC.mustrftD・can"t（06锦州）ThattallboybeJohn.Johnismediumheight.A.mustn"tB.mustC・can"D.might（06杭州）-Whereismomnow?—I"mnotsure.Shebeinthekitchen・A.shallB・mayC・needD.must ②以must开头的一般疑问句的否定冋答常用needn"t或don"thaveto,而不能用mustn"t。MustIfinishtheworktoday?No,youneedn"t.（06,四川课改）——MustIreturnthebookstothelibrarybeforeWednesday?No,you•TomorrowisOK.AcanftBmustnftCmaynotDneedn"t（07宣武一模）一theexampaperbehandedinrightnow?—No,itdoesn"thaveto.Youmayhanditinbefore11:30・A.CanB.MustC.ShouldD.May（06福州）一Whatdidtheheadteachersayatthemeeting?一Hesaid,"Wcbeproudofworkinghard・Wcmustnftbelazy：A.mustB.needn"tC.mayD.can"t（06河南）一MustIgoanddoitnow?一No,you_.Westillhavetwomoredays・A・shouldn"tB・CantC.needn"tD.won"t（06徐州）•一MustIfinishthatworktoday?—No,you.Youmayfinishitinthreedays.A.mustn^tB.needn"tC.shouldn"tD.couldn^（06临沂）一Mustwccollectthewastepaperandbottlesnow?—.Youcandoitafterclass.A.Yes,youmustB・No,youneedn"tC.Yes,youmayD・No,youmustn"t©must用于否定句中，表禁止。Youmustn^tparkhere.（06i折江）Wetalkloudly,whenweseethesignontheright.A.mustB.mustn^tC.needD.needn"②haveto与must表“必须”意思相近。haveto表示客观需要"不得不"，must更多的强调主观上的原因。It"srainingheavily.Ihavetostayathome・Youmuststudyhard.（06,湖北黄冈课改）…Whatshouldwedofirst讦wewanttodevelopourvillage?Alotofroads,Ithink.AmustbuildBhavetobuildCmustbebuildDhavebuilt（06,甘肃天水）Ilikethepartysomuch,butIgohome.AhavetoBmustn"tCmayDcan"t（06,启东）一CanItellmybestfriendaboutit?一No,Idon"twantanyoneelsetoknowit.Youkeepittoyourself.A.mustB.needC.canD.may2shall过去式should;will过去式would的用法①shall用于第一人称表征求意见，询问.ShallIopenthewindow?Shallwehavelunchhere?（04,佛山）-…Whataniceboy!wegosurfing?Goodidea!AShallBMustCNeed（06安徽）一ShallItellSallyaboutit?—No,you.I"vetoldheralready.A.shouldn"tB.mustn"tC.needn"tD.can"t（06武汉）一Shallwegoswimmingthisafternoon?——Sorry,1.Ihavelotsofhomeworktodo.A.mustn"tB・needrTtC.maynotD.can"t（06泰州）•一NevertouchmycomputerwhileI"maway.・A.Ishouldn"tB・Imustn"tC.Iwon"tD.Idon"t②should常用来表义务，责任。Weshouldobeytrafficlaws.Youshoulddrinkmorewater; （06,安徽）Althoughyoudidwellthistime,youlookdownonothers・AhadbetterBoughttoC.shouldn"tDwouldiTt①will用于第二人称表询问，请求。也可以表达现在的“意愿S女口：Willyoupassmethebook?Wcwilldoanythingforyou.翻译句子：明天你有很多的事要做。明天你來这吗？②would可以表示现在的情况，表达说话人向对方提出的耍求，语气比“will”婉转、客气。在日常会话中，"我想要…”通常用“Iwouldliketo"或"Ishould。’d）liketo"来表示。如:Wouldyouliketohavearestatthemoment?（你现在想要休息一下吗？）would用來表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。如:（1）Wouldyoutellmethewaytothestation?⑵Hewouldsitnearthefireeverytimehereturnedhome.（每次他回到家中总要坐在火炉边）（06徐州）•一wouldyoutellmehowtogettoXuzhouRailwayStation,please?一.A.No,Icouldn"tB.Don"taskmeC・ThankyouallthesameD.Certainly.YoucantaketheNo.1bus2need的用法need表示"需要”作情态动词用于疑问句或否定句.女0:Heneedn^doitinsuchahurry=Hedoesn"tneedtodoitinsuchahurry・・（他不需要如此匆忙地做这件事）Need也可以作实意动词。Youneedn"tcomesoearly.作实意动词用于肯定句，有人称和数的变化，后接带to的不定式。例如:Heneedstohavearest./Heneedssomehelp.（他需耍一些帮助（06,陕酋课改）Youhavealreadytriedyourbest,soyouworryaboutthematter.Acan"tBneedn"tCmustn"tDcouldn"t（06武汉）—Iwanttoteachinthisarea.—Well,teachersverymuchhere.A.needB・areneedingC・areneededD.willneed（06陕西）Youhavealreadytriedyourbest,soyouworryaboutthematter.A.can"tB.needn"tC.mustn"tD.couldn"t5.hadbcttcr="dbetter（do）（"最好是”）一般也当作情态动词使用，否定式是：’dbetternot（do）.如：You"dbettersithereandsaynothing.（你最好坐在这儿不讲话）/You"dbetternotspeakbecauseheissleeping.（你最好不要讲话因为他正在睡觉）