高中英语语法复习总结学案-情态动词 8页

高中英语语法复习导学案一一情态动词一、语法特征【题组训练】改正下列句子屮的错误1・Simplemeasuressuchashandwashingcantolimitthespreadofdisease.2.Expertshavewarnedthatmanypeoplemayaren9tgettingenoughVitaminD.3.Thenationmustslimitlanddevelopment.4.Withherhelp,heoughtnothaveanyproblem・5.1wonderedhowhedaredtosaythattotheteacher6.【总结】1.情态动词+—起构成句子的谓语，不能单独使用2.情态动词后直接加构成否定式3.情态动词没有—和—的变化4.有些情态动词具有特殊性：oughtto;haveto;dare;need等二、用法要点（一）表示能力现在或一般的能力过去的能力将来的能力（更普遍）【题组训练】1.HeisanativespeakerofEnglish,soheofcoursespeakEnglishquitewell.2.1amstarvingtodeath.Ieattwobowlsofricenow.3.Ifyouhaveagoodsleep,youworkoutthisproblemtomorrow.4.Shesinglikeananglewhenshewasachild.5.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.【注意】表示过去某一次的能力，即过去某时刻具有做某事的能力并施展了能力的时候，只能用was/wereableto（二）表示可能性（推测）【观察】1）Accidentscanhappenonsuchrainynight.1.客观或理论上的可能性：用于肯定句中。不涉及具体某事是否会发生，常用于说明人或事物的特征2.具体事情事件发生的可能性（从可能性大到小）情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式t一定；必定；必然//理应；很可能表示确定或期待“按理说应该”应该不会//不可能有可能吗？有可能（微弱的可能）不可能比can语气弱或许；说不定；也许可能不/比may语气弱比maynot语气弱/【注意】1.表示推测时，may;must常用肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句中（maynol的意思是“”）；can常用于否定句、疑问句、感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思（could也可以用于肯定句中）。2.should表示推测，表示的是确定或可能有的未来或期望,即合乎理想的情况或结果Weshouldarrivebeforedark.Theroadshouldbelesscrowdedtoday.3.should;might;could并不一定与过去时间有关，而表示可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式Thismay/mightbedonebyhim. 【题组训练】1・Helengotothetripwithus,butsheisn"tquitesureyet.1.Therebeanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.2.M匚Bushisontimeforeverything・Howitbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?3.—Shelooksveryhappy・Shepasstheexam・—Iguessso.IFsnotdifficultafterall.4.—Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.―Itbetruebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.5.-一IsJohncomingbytrain?■一Heshould,buthe.Helikesdrivinghiscar.(三)情态动词+havedone的用法1.表示对过去已经发生动作的推测(可能性从大到小)情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式havedone想必、一定做了某事//havedone/不可能已经做了某事有可能做了某事吗？havedone可能已经做了某事不可能已经做了某事有可能做了某事吗？havedone或许己经做了某事可能不是己经做了某事/thavedone比may语气弱比maynot语气弱/2-表示对过去已经发生行为的责备.遗憾情态动词含义havedone“本來可能”，表示过去没有实现的可能性havedone“本来可以”，而实际上没有做havedonehavedone本应该做而实际上未做havedonehavedone本不应该做二实际上却做了havedone做了本来不必做的事【注意】didn^needtodo…没必要做而事实上没有做havedone当时最好做了某事而实际上没做，表示事后的建议havedone当吋宇愿做了某事而实际上没有做，表示后悔havedone过去愿意做某事但未做成【辨析】1・Shedicingneedtocometoseemeyesterday.［不需要］2.Sheneedn"thavecometoseemeyesterday.［本可不必］【题组训练】1.Tom(tell)meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.toldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI(write)itoutforhe匚3.一-Therewerealready5peopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.一-It(be)acomfortablejourney.4.Susan(write)areportlikethis.5.■一1stayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.■一Oh,didyou?You(stay)withBarbara.6.Jack(arrive)yet,otherwisehewouldhavephonedme.7.Therewasplentyoflime.She(hurry).8.He(give)youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.9.1wasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You(leave)homewithoutaword.（四）表示请求.征求意见第一人称第二人称第三人称 Shall-MayCan」Might_Could—I/we...?I/we...?Willyou...?Wouldyou...?（更委婉）Shallhe/she/they...?【题组训练】1.■一Theroomissodirty.wecleanitnow?■一Ofcourse・2.一-hecometoseeyou?-一Ofcourse・AndFdratherhetoldmethetruth.3.Tonight,thelightofloveisinyoureyes,butyoulovemetomorrow?（五）情态动词需要注意的用法1.shall用于二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者许诺、命令、警告、威胁等；用于条约、规章、法令等文件中，表示义务或规定2.should表示说话人对某事不能理解、感到意外、惊异等，意为“竟然”3.wiU表示意愿、决心、诺言、期望等；意为“会、要、保证”；有感情色彩，自觉的行动和动作4.would表示过去习惯性的动作，不涉及现在，没有与现在对比的意思used9表示过去常常做二而现在己经不再有的习惯，存在与现在的对比5.must表示“偏要、硬要”做某事【题组训练】don"tknowwhyyouthinkIdidit.1.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.2.・・・Howoldareyou,Madam?―Ifyouknow,Fmtwicemyson"sage.4.1havemadeupmymindtogoandI.1.Whenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecomerafterworkeveryday.2.Youcan,timaginethatawell-behavedgentlemanbesorudetoalady.（六）表示必要性必须不必禁止must主观愿望haveto客观要求don^tneedtodon^thavetomustn9t【题组训练】1・Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountrybeunderadultsupervisionwhentheyareinapubliclibrary.2.Johnny,youpaywiththeknife・Youmayhurtyourself.（七）情态动词的应答1・—-ShallItellJohnaboutit?―No,youneedntPvetoldhimalready・2.一-CouldIcallyoubythefirstname?-一Yes,youmay.3・-一Willyoustayforlunch?■一Sorry,IcantMybrotheriscomingtoseeme.3.■一Writetomewhenyougethome.-一Iwill.4.■一CouldIborrowyourdictionary?■一Yes,ofcourse,youcnn.5.一-DorTlforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.一-1wont6.一-MayIuseyourcar?■一No,youmustrft.7.—MustIworkouttheproblemtonight?—No,youneedrft・8.■一Needwedothisjobnow?■一Yes,youneed.9.―Willyoustayforlunch?■一Sorry,IcantMybrotheriscomingtoseeme.（八）need和dare的用法动词类型肯定句否定句疑问句 行为动词（有人称和数的变化）needs/dares_1need/dare—+todoneeded/dare―doesn^t―donl—+need/dare+tododidn"t—1Does.T71Do・・・—need/dare+todoDid情态动词（无人称和数的变化）need/dare""+dodared_needn^t/darenot~+dodarenotNeed/Dare…~+doDared...【题组训练】1・Shedoesnldaretogo(go)intothethickforestaloneonsuchsdarknight.Lookingatmydeterminedface,thebigboydarenotpick(pick)upthefight.3・Thehotelisonlyastone"sthrowaway,youneednottake(take)abus.1.—Idon’tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.-一YouneedntPmnotaskingyouforit.2.・・・Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport・…Youshan"have(have)mycomputerifyoudon,ttakecareofit.6・Iwonderhowhedaredsay(dare)thattotheteacher.1.Youneedn"tcome(come)tothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.2.Youneednlretuin(return)thebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike・三、其他情态动词的用法cannotbutadmireyourbravery.我不得不钦佩你的勇气。cannotbut+dosth.不得不；只有做2.Shemaywellrefusetotalktoyou.她很可能拒绝和你谈话。maywelldosth.三tobeverylikelytodosth.完全可能；很可能3.Youm町aswellstayhereoverthenight.你最好留在这里过夜。mayaswelldos(h.最好；满可以4.Youcan"tbecarefulenough./Youcan%betoocareful.你再怎么小心也不为过。cannot/never+be+adj.+enoughtoo+adj.再也不为过5.Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你今天怎么来的这么晚？HowshouldIknow?我怎么会知道？why/howshould…“竟会……”表示说话人对某事不理解，感到意外、惊异等TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气是一种特殊的谓语动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个車实，而只是一种假设、愿望、猜测、要求、命令等。一、用于if引导的虚拟条件状语从句if条件从句的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与现在相反did/werewould/should/could/might+do与过去相反haddonewould/should/could/might+havedone与将来相反didweretodoshoulddowould/should/could/might+do【题组训练】1.IfI(win)thelotterynow,I(buy)anexpensiveca匚2.Ifthere(be)nosubjunctivemood,English(be)easierforusChinese. IfI(come)hereyesterday,I(see)him.部分倒装:1)Ifit(rain)tomorrow,themeeting(putoff).2)Ifit(rain)tomorrow,themeeting(putoff).部分倒装：3)Ifit(rain)tomorrow,themeeting(putoff).部分倒装：Ifyou(ask)himyesterday,youwouldknow(know)whattodonow・IfI(have)abicycleatpresent,I(lend)ittoyouyesterday・Ifthere(nobe)foryourhelpyesterday,I(notfinish)thework.=youhelpyesterday,I(notfinish)thework.=Thankyouforyourhelpyesterday・,I(notfinish)thework・=Thankyouforyourhelpyesterday,I(notfinish)thework・Ifyou(come)afewhoursearlier,you(see)thefamouswrite匚=Afewhoursearlier,you(see)thefamouswrite匚Ifhe(bear)inabetterfamily,he(be)aprofessor.=inabetterfamily,he(be)aprofessor.【总结】1.主从句谓语动词的錘要记会2.省略if,将had;were;should放在句首构成部分倒装结构需要背3.错综时间条件句中谓语动词各自为准更可贵4.含蓄条件句表达形式要找对1)介词或介词短语：without:butfor2)副词或连词：otherwise;or;orelse3)其他手段：名词短语、非谓语动词等【题组训练】1・一Ifhe(warn),he(nottake)thatfood.■一Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.2.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you(be)allrightnow・3.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball.Otherwisehe(score)agoal.4.(be)Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty・5.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI(notfall)inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.6.ButfortheEnglishexaminationI(go)totheconcertlastSunday・7.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday"sadvancedtechnology(notachieve).wouldhavecomeearlier,butI(know)thatyouwerewaitingforme.二、虚拟语气用在名词性从句中（一）wish+宾语从句中的虚拟语气wish+宾语从句中动词形式宾语从句的动作与wish同时did/were宾语从句的动作先于wishhaddone宾语从句的动作后于wishwould/could/might+do【注意】没有shoulddo 【题组训练】 =Ifonlyeveryfamily(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!2.1wishI(meet)thatfilmstaryesterday.=IfonlyI(meet)thatfilmstaryesterday.(二)wouldrather+宾语从句中，与现在或将来事实相反，动词用did/were与过去事实相反，动词用haddone1.1wouldratherhe(come)tomorrowthantoday.2.1wouldratherhe(tell)meaboutthatyesterday.2.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryou(notdo)anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.三、廳拟语气用在其他从句中(一)虚拟语气在asif/asthough从句中谓语动词形式于现在事实相反did/were与过去事实相反haddone与将来事实相反would/could/might+do【注意】没有shoulddo【题组训练】1・HespeaksChinesesofluentlyasifhe(be)aChinese・2・Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe(be)awayforages.2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit(break).3.HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhe(go)theU.S.A,inthenearfuture・(二)虚拟语气在It，s(high/right)time(that)+定语从句中：谓语动词用did或shoulddo【题组训练】1.Ifstimethatthebus(arrive)topickupallthepassengers.2.Itishightimewe(start)out.四、在名词性从句中用(should)do/(should)bedone表示虚拟语气(一)虚拟语气可以用在主语从句中，构成Itis+adj./n./done+that+主语从句It"s(必要白勺)thatwe(keep)thebalanceofnature.Ifs(自然的)thatshe(do)so.It"s(重要的)thatwc(take)goodcareofthepatient.Itis(可惜)he(miss)suchagoldenchance・(二)1・坚持：_命令：建议：_+宾语从句中要求：【注意】suggest作“暗示；表明”讲，insist作“坚持认为；坚持说”讲，宾语从句不用虚拟语气【题组训练】1.Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(putoff).2.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathe(be)satisfiedwithourwork.3.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe(do)nothingwrongand(set)free.(三)表示坚持、命令、建议、要求+宾语从句可以和相应的主语从句、表语从句、同为语从句转换Wesuggestthatyoushouldbethereontime._(be)thereontime.(be)thereontime.(be)thereontime.［表语从句］［主语从句］［同位语从句］=Ouristhatyou=Itisthatyou_=Imakeathatyou 【题组训练】1.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents(give)twoweekstopreparefortheexam.2.WangLing,oneofmyfriends,isverygoodatEnglish・HespeaksEnglishasifhe(be)anEnglishman,3.IfonlyI(know)howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.4.Robertwishesthathe(study)businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity・5.Mr.Lirequiredthecomputerequipmentreferredto(use)ineveryclassroom.6.Itisstrangethatthelittleboy(speak)twoforeignlanguages.7.■一DoyoumindifIleavethewindowopen?—Well,Fdratheryou(not).8.Ifshalfpasteleven.ifshightimewe(go)home・【翻译】1.如果赵老师在这里，事情就能办了。2.如果我昨天看到你，我就会问你这件事。3.如果明天下雨，庄稼就有救了。4.要是小悦悦能及时送达医院，她今天还活看。5.我多么希望能永葆青春。6.该是你为你的所作向她道歉的时候了。7.我们学生掌握英语很有必要。8.整件事情我都记得，好像发生在昨天一样。9.昨天路上太堵了，我宁愿骑自行车。10.没有老师的指导，我们不会取得这么大的进步。