高中英语语法网络图2(1) 13页

语法网络图8.和冠词连JIJ▼the+形容词原级+，（复），指淡人或^▼the+形容词比较级，指两者中“较…的”的那f,eg.tlieyoungerofthetwo▼a/an+形容词比较级eg.Thepenisexpensive.Iwantacheaperone.▼（a）+most+形容词最高级"非常•••”eg.amostbeautifulcity五.介^I.介词分类:1简单介词about,across,after,againstamong,around,at,below,beyond,during,in,on2合成介词inside,into,onto,outofoutside,throughout,upon,within,without3短语介词accordingto,becauseof^insteadotupto,dueto,owingto,thanksto4双匝介词fromamong,finmbehind,fromundci;tillaftet;inbetween5分词转化成的介词considering（就而论）,including6形容词转化成的介词like,unlike,near,next,oppositeIL常用介词区別:1表示时间的in,on,ata【表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关2表示时间的since,fromsince指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始3表示时间的in,afterin扌旨在一段时间之后，aher表示某一具体时间点之后或用丫旳去时的一段时间中4表示地理位置的in,on,toin表示丫供范围内，on指与什么毗邻，9指徃某环境范围之夕卜5表示“在…上”的on,inon只表示在某物的表血匕in表示占去某物一部分6表示“穿过”的〔hrough,acrossThrough表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面」•通过，与on有关7表示“关于”的about,onabou（指i步及到，on指&门论8between与among的区别between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以1•.的屮间9besides与except的区别besides指""除了…还仃再加上”，except指“除了，减去什么”，不放往句育10表示“用”的in,withwith表示具体的工具，in表希才料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音]]as与like的区别as意为“作为，以…地位或身份”，like为“彖…一样”，指情形相似12in与into区别in通常表示位置（静态），imo表示动向，不表示目的地或位置ffl.要注意介词搭配，集中归纳，反复练习。I・固定与to构成搭配的名词：key,answer,visit,apology,introduction,note,etc.2.与on有关的：mercy,congratulations3.丿Jal右•关:angry,good,bad,clever,terrified,surprised;4.与of有关的：afraid、sure,full.tired,fond,proud,worthy,certain;5.与wilh冇关的：angr>^,strict,careful,busy,poplar;6.与to有关的：next,good,polite、kind,cruel.rude、known,anxious,married,close,near,similar,due;7.与for有关的：sorry,good•free,fit,unfit,eager,anxious、hungty;8.与hom有关的：far,different,free,safe,absent,tired・六.动词I.动词的时态：1・动词的时态一共仃16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：现徃时过去时将來时过去将來时一般ask/asksaskedshall/willasksliould/wouldask进行ani/is/arcaskingwas/vvercaskingshall/willbeaskingsliould/wouldbeasking完成havc/liasaskedhadaskedshall/willhaveaskedsliould/wouldhaveasked完成进行havc/liasbeenaskinghadbeenaskingshall/willhavebeenaskingsliould/wouldhavebeenasking2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时农示过去发牛•的动作或存在的状况，但丹现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同农示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：Ihavealreadyreadthenovelwrittenbytheworld-famouswriter.（已经看过，H了解这本书的内容） 2)一般过去时只表示过去发％的动作或状态，和现在无关，它川•和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时町加“过”m等词。简wz,仪谈过去，不关现在。如：Ireadthenovellastmonth.(只说明」:个月看了，不涉及现补堤否记住)IlivedinBeijingfortenyears.(只说明右4匕京住过I年，与现在无关)2.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：两者都町以农示“从过公刃始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如若重农示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重农示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成曲亍时。•般不弁師丁进行时的动词也不白拠丁现在同嫂f行时。Ihavereadthatbook我读过那木甘了。Ihavebeenreadingthatbookallthemorning.我丫上一苴在读那木书。3.现在完成时及过去完成时的用法注意点:1)•瞬间性动词与延续性动词的止确使用：与howlong,tor,since等衣示…段时间的状语连用时须用延续性动词，如：buy-have,keep-borrow,die-bedead,many-bemarried,begin-beon,begintoknow-know等；2)•注意have/hadbeento与have/hadgoneto的区别；3).现在扫戈时用在时间、条件等状语从句中，农示从句中的动作在卞句动作前归必如：Ifithasstoppedsnowinginthemorning,wellgotothepark・4).by+过去时间状语用过去完成H寸；5).有U娴j词的过去完成时农示过公未曾实现的意图、打算或希塑，这类动词为：〔hink,plan,mean,intend,hope,expect,suppose等；Ihadintendedtovisityouyesierday,buttheniinpreventedme.注意：完成进行时不可与瞬间性动词连用，ill：finish,go,many等；汉语有一类句子不出现匸语，在英语中般可用被动结构农示。如:Itisbelievedthat.・・Itisgenerallyconsideredthat...Itmustbepointedoutthat.・・Itmustbeadmitted（hat.・・Itissaidthat…4.—闕各來时的力•式：将来时用法例句1will/shall+动词原形表示紈坯的动作或做的状态Mysisterwillbetennextyear2begoingtx动词原形含有“打算，计划，即将”做某爭，或表示很有可能要发h"sgoingtoclearup.We"regoingtohaveapartytonight.3be+doing进行时表示将来go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等词可川进行时农示按计划即将发牛的动作Heismovingtothesouth.AretheyleavingforEurope?4beaboutto+动词原形农示安排或汁划中的马上就要发牛的动作,后而-般不跟时间状语Iwasabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.Themeetingisabouttoclose・5beto+动词原形表示按计划曲亍或征求对方意见We5retomeetattheschoolgateatnoon.6磁在时表示将来时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,町用一般现在时龄将來Themeetingstartsatfiveo"clock.Theplaneleavesattenthisevening・n.动词的被动语态:常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/areasked6过去进行时was/werebeingasked2一般过去时was/wereasked7现在完成时have/hasbeenasked3一般将來时shall/willbeasked8过去秋时hadbeenasked4过去将來时should/wouldbeasked9将來倾时will/wouldhavebeenasked5现仙J：时anVis/ancbeingasked10含有情态动词的can/must/maybeasked被动语态的否定式是在第f助动词或情态动词后加not,短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。周定结构begoingto,usedto,haveto.hadbetter变为被动态时，只需将貝:后的动词变为被动态。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer./Theboywasmadetunofbyhisclassmates.Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl.注Itiswellknownthat...Itisrcpoitcdthat.・・下面主动形式常表示被动意义:如：Thewindowvvants/nccds/rcquircsrepairing.Thedoorwon"tshut/Theplaywon"tact.Thedishtastesdelicious./Waterfeelsverycold.Itissupposedthat.•・Itishopedthat.・・Thebookisworthreadingtwice.Theclotheswasheswell./Tlicbooksellswell.卜而词或短语没有被动态： Leave（离开）、enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,lastlack,fit,foil,have,appear,happen,occur,belongto,takeplace,breakoutcomeabout,agreewith,keepupwith,consistothaveon,loseheart 状态性动词不用进彳了时态，包括（1）be和have,或若含有be和have意义的动词，如：belongto,contain,dependon,own,possess等；（2）feel,sound,smell,taste等连系动词；（3）hear,see,find等农示结果的动词；（4）农示心理或惰感状态的动词，如：believe,love,ward,understand,wisli等；七情态动词I•情态动词基本用法:情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答can能力（体力，髀力,技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（农猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）cannot/cannot/can"tdoCan...do...?Yes,...can.No,…cantcouldcouldn^tdomay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）maynotdoMay…do…？Yes,...may.No,…musln"t/cantmightmightnotdoMight...do...?Yes,...mightNo,…mightnot.must必须，应该（表删要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）mustnot/mustn^doMust...do...?Yesv..must.No,…needn"t/don"thaveto.haveto只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化）don"thavetodoDo.・・havetodo…？Yes,...do.No,...don"t.oughtto应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用shouldoughtnotto/oughtifttodoOughl・.・todo・・・？Yes,...ought.No,...ouglitn"t・shall将要，会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二H人称农示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shallnot/shan"tdoShall...do...?Yds,・・・shall・No,・・・shan"t・should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备訓）shouldnot/shouldn^tdoShould...do...?will;&愿，决C?请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉willnot/woiftdoWill...do...?Ybs,・・・wiD.No,・•・won"t・wouldwouldnot/wouldn"tdodare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）darenot/daren?tdoDare...do...?Yes,...dare.No,・・.daren"t.need需要必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）neednot/needn^doNeed...do...?Yes,...mustNo,・・.needntusedto过去常常（现在已不再）usednot/uscdrft/uscifttododidn"tusetodoUsed...todo...?Ws,…used・No,..・usc(d)ntDid…usetodo…?Yes,...did.No,...didn"tI.悄态动词must,may,might,could,can农示#酉则：以must为例。must+do（be）是推测现在存在的般状态进行；must+bedoing推测可能正在进行的事情；must+havedone是推诙何能已经发工过的事情。1.must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。HemustbeamanfromAmerica./Hemustbetalkingwitlihisfriend./Hemusthavealreadyanivedtherc.2.may和migh〔“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。Hemaynotbeathome./Tlieyniiglithavefinishedtlieirtask3.can和could"可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can"l语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。Tlicwcatlicrinthatcitycouldbecoldnow.Wecouldhavewalkedthere;itwassonear.（推测某爭木來口J能发生，但实际-1•.没仃发纶）Canhebeintheofficenow?No,hecan"lbethere,forIsawhiminthelibraryjus（now.（语气很强，常用F疑问句和否定句【I"）II.情态动词注意点：1.can和beableto:都可以表示能力。但beableto可以农达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。Beableto有更多的时态。另外，两者不能巫叠使用。2.usedto和would:used9农示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯，而would只农示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。3.need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别：两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑间句。其形式为：needn"t/darenSdo；Need/daie...do...?做实义zjj词时口J用J：肯定句，否定句和疑问句。其形式为：need（needs/neededydai€（dares/daFed）todo,don"tCdoesnVdidirt）need/daietodo 八.非谓语动词I.非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成:非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone在非幅刖加notforsb.todosth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状IS过公分词Done动名词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonesb"sdoing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和农语II.做宾语的卄需语动词比较:情况常用动词只扌妾不定式做宾语的动词hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,detemiine,promise,happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,considercan"thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondofobjectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkofbeproudof^takepridein,setabout,beafraidofbetiredoflookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto两者都可以意义基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指•般或习惯行为）need,want,require（接动名词主动形式表示被动盘义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stopiodo停止手中事，去做另件事slopdoing停止正右澈的事总义不同remember/iorget/regrettodo（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regretdoing（扌冏）竹已经发牛）goontodo（接着做另夕卜一件事）goondoing（揍脣做］if）HWOtrytodo（设法，努力去做，尽力）trydoing（试试去做，看有何结果）meantodo（打算做，企图做）meandoing（意识是，意味着）can"helptodo（不能帮忙做）can"thelpdoing（忍不住要做）III•卄谓语动词做宜语补足语的区別:常购丽与完语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不就ask.beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encouragehave,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make主谓关系。强调动作将发4或已经完成Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.现在俪notice,see,watch,heai;find,keep,have,feel主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态Wbfbimdtlievillagegreatlychanged.IV.非谓语动词做泄语的区别:区别W"J不定式与被修饰词往往冇动宾关系，•般式衣示将來，进行式衣示与谓语动作同时发牛，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生Ihavealotofpaperstotype.Ihavealotofpaperstobetyped・动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系Shallwegototheswimmingpool?现在俪与被修饰词么间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发牛theboilingwater/theboiledwaterthedevelopingcountiy/tliedevelopedcountiythehillingleaves/tliefallenleaves过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，农示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现必完成V•非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别:区别WJ不定式多表示•个特定的貝体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助丁5把不定式移到句子厉而。做农语有时町和主语交换位置，而口意义不变，并口还能用wha［來提问主Mydreamistobecomeateacher.Toobeythelawisimportant. 语(dream,business,wish,idea,plan、duty,task做主语时常用)动名词与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽彖，或者泛指习惯性的动作，冇时也可以用it做^式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。Itisnousesayingthatagainandagain,leachingismyjob・分词无名词的性质，不能做卞语。但是冇形容词的性质，町以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，川被very,quite,rather等副词修饰。现在分词多含有"令人…”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多农示主动，主语多为物。过去分词•般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之懑，主语多是人。Thesituationisencouraging.ThebookiswelluTitten.(常见分词有iislonishing,moving,tiring,disappointing,puzzling,shocking,boring,amusing及其~ed形式)扎定语从句I.定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句小修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先彳帀h引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句屮间起了连接作川，二是在从句中扒当一•个成分，并与先行词保持数的-•致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词捉前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人，物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人，物主语,宾语Aplaneisamacliinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语,宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasaboutdieaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语,宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasHostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasbom.川用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Icaiftimaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyofter.町用forwhich11.tliat与which,who,whom的用法区另ij：情况用法说明例句只用tliat的悄况1.先彳j词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4.先行词既指人又翩时5.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重勉寸1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.A11thebooksthatyouoftcrcdhasbeengivenout.3・ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.Wfetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwercmembered.5.HcistheonlymantliatIwanttosec.6.Wlioisthemantliatismakingaspeech?只用wiiich,who,whom的情况1•在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/vvhom指人2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3.先彳J词木身是tha［时，关系词用which,先彳j词为those,one,he时多用whOoHehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfuithcrstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteiicheristalking.Tlioscwhorespectothersarcusuallyrespectedbyothers.HLas与which的区别:定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词询彳jsuch和thesame修饰时,关系代词用as,不能丿|JwhichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don"trcadsuchbooksasyoucan"tunderstand. 非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前而整个主句。如果有“止如，彖”的含义并可以放在主句前，也可以放在厉而，那么用as；而which弓1导的从何只能放主旬后，并无“正如”的意思。Tlicywonthegame,aswchadexpected・Theywonthegame,whichwehadn"texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarillthe1980s・ IV•限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区別:类别语法意畑特征例句限制僦语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去抻，主何意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不1•分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当子插入语，不能IIJthat引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.十・名词性从句种类作用常用关联词例句主语从句在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，般置谓语Z前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句Z丿rfthat,whetlier,itasif,asthough,who,whose,which,how,when,where,why,what,whatever,whoever,whereverWhetlierhewillcomeornotdoesn^tmattei*much.Whoevercomesherewillbewelcome.表语从句在复合屮做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后Itkx)ksasifitisgoingtosnow.宾语从旬在复合^中做宾语，相当于名词Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame・同位语从句放在名词Z后(news,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,thought,hope,fact等)农明其貝体内容Youhavenoideahowworriedweare.Thetactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprisedus.卄。帰从句种类连接词注意点时间状语when,whenever,while,as,before,after,until,tillbythetime,assoonas,hardly…when,nosooner.,.than,themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,instantly主句表示将来遺义时，从句须JIJ•般现在时；while弓1导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短莉性的。地点耳席where,wherever原因状语because,as,since,nowthatbecause语气锻强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次Z。紺牛状语itunless,once,incase,aslongas,onconditionthat从句「|［动词时态不可用将來时，常用一般时代替目的状语sothat,inordertliat,f()rfeirthatsotha【和inorderthat后常接may,should,could,would等情态动词结果状语so...thatsuch...that比较状语than,as.・.as,notso/as.・.as,diemore.・.themore方式状语asif,asthough,asasif和asthough弓1导的从句一般用虚拟语气让步状语though,although,evenifeventhough,as,noniattcrwhat,whatever,nomatterwho,whoever,nomatterwhich,wliichcvct;nomatterhow,however,nomatterwhen,wheneveras在让步状谄从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正常语序，可和yet连WJ,但不可和but连十二瞬句种类倒装綁：例句兀冬倒装here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头的句子农示强调Outrushedthecliildren.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Underthetreestoodtwotablesandfewchairs.强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡Presentattliemeetingwere1,000students.部分倒装never,haixlly,scarcely,seldom,little,notuntil,not等表示否;迟意义的副词放于句首HardlydidIknowwhathadhiippened・only和修饰的状语放于句首OnlythendidherealizedtheimpoitanccofEnglish.notonly...butalso连接并列的句子，前•倒后不倒NotonlydocsheknowFrench,butalsoheisexpertatit.neither...nor..并列的句子，前后都僅峨NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.so...that,such...diat屮的so或such及修饰的成分放丁句首时询倒后不倒Sobusyishethathecannotgoonaholiday.as引导的让步状语Childasheis,hehaslearnedalot.so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或紙Hecanplaythepiano.Socani.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中Mayyoubeingoodhealth! 省略if的虚拟条件WfereIyou,Iwouldnotdoitinthisway.十三。删鮎类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+A）J词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词主句动词:should/would/could/mighl+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.与将來事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式主句动词：should/would/could/mighl+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomonnw,wewouldnotgocamping.其它状语从旬asif引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式Theyaretalkingasiftlieyhadbeenfriendsforyears.inorderthat/sothat引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/might/would等4•动词原形Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.宾语从句demand,suggest,order,insist后接的从句中动词为should+动词原形Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.wish后的从句屮分别用过去式，过去元成式和shouldAvoukl+咖口J原形表小与现在，过去和将来情况相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.主语从句Itisnecessary/important/strangethat..Itissuggested/demanded/oniered/requestedthat...等从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends・其它句型中Itistimethat...句型中动词用过去式或sh（）uld+动词原形[l"shightimetliatweleft.wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完bK式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成心农示强烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!十五。飆甌 dieoff逐死公&fallbehind落后falloverone"sfeet蹴交foildown掉卜；跌倒foilback撤退，后退9.goinfor从事，喜爱，参加gothrough通过，经受goover复习，检查goup（价格）上涨，建造起來goafterifi®goagainst违反goahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧goaway离开goby时间过去godown卜沉降低，（Fl、月）西沉goon（with）继续进行gowith相配，陪同gowithout没有，缺少goout外岀，熄灭goallout全力以赴go0什爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止痂gobackon背约，食言gobeyond超出10.getdown记卜；使泪丧getdownto力于，专心于getonW,进步，穿上，上车getoff脱卜;下车琴etin收集，插（话）getaway逃脱，刽木假getover忘记，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复getalongwith相处getupgetthroughJTil电话，完成，通过getround消息传开getclosetosth.接近，儿乎getinto（trouble）getto（know）getback取冋，收冋getout□.giveaway赠送，泄露，出卖giveout发出，疲劳，分发，公布giveoff发出（光、热、气体）givein（tosb.）屈服giveup放弃，让（座位）12.handin交上，提交handout分发handdown流传，遗传13.hangabout闲逛hangup挂电话14.holdback阻［匕隐瞒1.addto增加，增进add...to把…力［1进…addup相加addupto总计，所有这-切说明2.breakawayfrom打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉breakdown出毛病，身体（精神）衰弱，分解，拆开breakoff暂停，中断breakin插话breakinto闯入breakintopieces成为碎片breakout爆发breakupIW,驱散，学期结束，拆散breakthrough突破3.bringup抚养，呕吐，提出bringabout造成bringout拿出，出版bringin引入,引进,挣钱bringback使回想起bringdown使下降，使倒下4.callon号召，拜访（某人）callat拜访、参观（某地）callfor去叫某人要求需要callup使回忆起，征召入伍callin召集，请某人來callout人喊，高叫callofif取消，不举行5.comeabout发生，：H现comedown下跌，落，降，传卜來comeinconieinto（siglit/being/existence/use/notice/eflfect）comeon来的快点comeout岀版，结果是comealong道来，赶快cometo达到（anend/anagrccmcnt/astop）苏醒，合计，总共是comeover走过來comeup发芽，走近comeacross偶然碰到6.cutacrosscu（down砍倒，削减cutoif切断，割掉，断绝关系cutup连根拔除，切碎through剪断，凿穿cutout删（省）掉，刪cutinJffiW7.dieof（disease/hunger/grie!7oldage）^E于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因）diefrom夕匕于（意外事故、怙:形）dieaway渐渐消逝dieout绝种diedown（炉火）渐熄 pullon匆匆穿上/off脱pullout取出,(火车)离站pullover驶至lj•边holdup举起，使停顿holdon别挂电话，等，坚持holdout持续，坚持，伸出holddown控制，镇压15.keepup(courage,English,spirits)保持，keepupwitli住艮上keepoff(grass)不接近，离开keepawaytTom避开，不接近，离…远远的keepoutofkeepto(niles,promise)坚持，遵"、丫keepon继续，坚持下來keepback阳止，留卜；隐瞒，扣卜keepfrom克制，阻止16.knockat/on敲knockinto撞至U某人身上knockdown撞倒knockoutof把…敲出knockover撞倒knockoff停l卜工作，休息17.leavetor离开前往leaveoutffl)怯，遗漏leavebehind遗留，忘记拿走leaveto留给，遗嘱赠于leaveover遗留，剩卜，延期1&lookup查找，向上看lookthrough翻阅，浏览lookon旁观lookon...as看作lookinto调查lookafter/at/for照顾/看/寻找lookout(fbr)当心lookabout/aiound/round四卜杳看lookdownupon瞧不起lookbackupon回忆，回顾lookab.upanddown仔细打量某人kx)kabintheface/eyes宜视某人19.makeup编造，配制，打扮，纽成makeupfor弥补inakeinto/of/from制成makeout发现，看出,填写，开列(淸单)makefor走向，驶往，促使20.passaway去世passbypassdown(on)...to偉介passthrough绚力passovci•濒见，忽视21.payback还钱，报复payfor•付钱，为…受惩罚，因…得到报应payoff还清22.pickup拾起，获得(information),接人，站起，收听，自然习得(language/knowledge),恢复重获(pickuphealtli)pickout挑选，辨认，看出pickcotton/flower/leaves/words选词23.putup搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿，安排住下putupwith忍受putout伸Hl,扑灭putoff推迟putinto放进，翻译putaway放好，存钱putdown记下，平息puton穿戴，」:映，增加(putonweight/speed)putforward提出，提前putthrough接通电话putaside放到•边putback放回24.pulldown拆掉，推翻pullin进站pulldown往一卜拉拆毁pullthrough恢复健康，渡过难关，脱离险境pullup(使)停住25.pushover推倒，舌ij倒pushahead(on,forward)继续询进，坚持卜去pushthrough排除休|难办好谋事，努力设法通过，挤过26.ninacross偶然碰至0runafter追捕runawayISferunforruninto偶然碰到(困难)遇见(人)，相撞runoutof]IJ完27.seeoff送行seethrough看透，识破seeto照料，照管28.sendfor派人去诘sendoff送行sendout发出(光亮)等sendup发射29.set叩建立setoff出发,触发，引起setout动身，着于｛(Odo),陈述setabout开始着手(doing)settowoi*k(n.)开始做setback拨回，使推迟30.takeoff脱掉，起飞takeon呈现雇佣takeaway拿走takein吸收，领会takeup从事，占用(时间空间)takedown取卜takeback收冋taketor课认为takealong随身带 takeover接管takeouttakechaiseof负责,takesth.forgranted想出然takeholdof抓住,takepridein以为白豪,taketheplaceof,代替taketurnstodo轮流做,takeoffice就职19.thinkof想起thinkof...as把…看作 thinkout想出think叩想出thinkabout考虑thinkover仔细考虑thinkwellofsb.对某人看法好19.tumoif/on打开turnover反复考虑，翻(书页)，翻转turnout证明为，结果，制造成品(um(o转向，求助lumdown调低，扌隧lumagainst变得敌视，必寸(urnaway打发走，驱逐，转过脸去turnback返回，转回去turnround转过身来tum叩向上翻，踊侨，出现，咅量调大turninI:缴tumupsidedown把倒置，弄得乱七八糟