高中优秀教材-《初级英语语法与修辞》赵土玲戴灵秀胡烨妃 32页

LbJVIwSA赵土玲戴灵秀胡蝶妃浙江省缙云中学 介词用法练习介词用法归纳:Therewasoncearichmanwhosoldhisproperty.Hemadealot_1_money,forhehadmanybeautifulandvaluablethingstosell,butinstead_2_spendingitorputtingitsafely_3_thebank,heboughtabigpiece_4_goldandburieditdeep_5_theground.Everyday_6_sunsethewentsecretly_7thehidingplace,dugdownalittlewaytomakesurethegoldwassafe,carefullycovereditupagainandwaitedthere_8_awhile.Onemanwhowasworking_9—thegardenhappenedtoseehim_10—behindthefence,"That"sverystrangebehaviour_11_arichman,“hesaid_12_himself.“He"snotdigging_13_potatoes;that5scream/"Thenextdaythegardenerwatchedagain."Itcanonlybetreasurethatishiddenthere/hethought."Andhiddentreasureisthere_14_thefinder.^Assoonasitwasdark,thegardenerdugupthegold_15—hisspade.Thenextdaytherichmandugtheholetoinspecthisgold._16—hishoiTor,theholewasempty…allhiswealthwasgoneforeve匚AShesatcrying_17_theemptyhole,aneighbourcamealongandaskedwhathadhappened."Youshouldn"tworryaminutelonger_18_it/5hesaidassoonashehadfoundoutwhatwaswrong."Here,takethisstone.Putitcarefully_19_thesameplaceandpretendthatitisyourgold.Sinceyouneverintendedtodoanything_20_thegoldanyaway,astonewilldoyoujustmuchgood：1.ManyatimetoBeijingtovisittheGreatWallofChina.A.hedidgoB.didhegoC.hehasbeenD.hashebeen2.thatMariewasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.A.SosuccessfulherbusinesswasB.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC.SoherbusinesswassuccessfulD.Sowashersuccessfulbusiness3.DidLindaseethetrafficaccidents?,No,nosoonerthanithappened.A.hadshegoneB.shehadgoneC.hasshegoneD.shehasgone4.fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube5.homeworkdidwehavetodothatwehadnotimetotakearest.A.SomuchB.ToomuchC.ToolittleD.Solittle6.Toallthepeoplehereallofourgreatsuccess.A.belongsB.belongC.arebelongingD.arebelonged省略句考点检测I.choiceabeautifulgoldring.A.AsshereceivedB.ReceivingC.ReceivedD.told3.HissisterdidshecouldtohelpCatherine.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.all1•——Whatdoyousupposemadethegirlsoglad?D.BecauseofreceivingD.which 4.—DoyouthinkJackisgoingtowatchafootballmatchthisweekend?A.IbelievenotB.IbelievenotsoC.Idon"tbelieveitDIdon"tbelieve5.Itisonethingtotalk,but•A.theotheristoperformB.anotherthingistoperformC.anotherthingtoperformD.anotherthingperform6.-—Lucy,howwasyourweekend?——Ihadagreattime.Iwentskiingwithmyfriends.——Wow!A.Howinterestingyouare!B.Cheers!C.Soundsreallycool!D.Fllgothere,too.7.Themostimportantthingtodoisthewaterclean.A.keptB.beingkeptC.tohavekeptD.keep8.HestaredatmeasifmeA.hitB.havinghitC.tohavehitD.tohit9.HeisoftenheardEnglishsongs,butthistimewehadhimaJapanesesong.A.tosing,singB.tosing,tosingC.sing,tosingD.sing,sing10.HesaidhissisterhadpassedtheCollegeEntranceExaminations,andshewouldgotocollegeinabout20days.A.that,/B.that,thatC./,./D.that,which11.Ihadtime,Iwouldhavegotothatlakeagain.A.IfB.UnlessC.HadD.When12.——ThewaterinriversandlakesaroundHarbinturnsintothickiceinwinter——inUrumqiandchildrengoskatingthe.A.Soitit.B.SoitdoesC.SoitisD.Sodoesit13.——Fdliketohaveapieceofbreadandtwoeggs.——Anything?A.followingB.followsC.tofollowD.tobefollowed14.Wewillhaveameetingnextweek,butwedon，tknow•A.whoB.whereC.asD.which15.Youshouldapologizetoher,Barry.,butit"snotgoingtobeeasy.A.Isupposeso.B.IfeelsoC.IprefertoD.IliketoIIcompletethefollowingsentences16.——Pleasedon,makeanoise.——（我不会的）/Fllbeasquietasamouse.17.IfBob"swifedoesn"tagreetosignthepapers,（他也不会签字）18.Tomewantedtoplayfootballwithhisfriendsinthestreet,buthisfathertoldhim（不要）.19.HehasrTtgonetotheofficeyet.——Well,he（他本应该去）20.FmgoingBeijingforameeting,Wouldyoumindlookingaftermydog?Notatall.（我会很乐意） 透析with复合结构一.witha合结构的语法功能1.这种结构用于作状语，表示条件、原因、吋间、伴随状况、行为方式等，并可以转换成相应的状语从句。(1)表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：Withyoutohelpus,wewillbeabletofinishthetaskintime.=Ifyouhelpus,wewillbeabletofinishthetasktime.如果你帮助我们，我们就能及时完成这个任务。(2)表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。例如：Withtheweathersocloseandstuff,tentooneitwillrain.+Becausetheweatherissocloseandstuff,tentooneitwillrain.天气这么闷热，十有八九会下雨。(3)表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。例如：Withtheworkdone,wewenthome.+Aftertheworkhadbeendone,wewenthome.做完丁作后，我们就冋家了。(4)表示伴随状况，相当于一个与之并列的分句。例如：Theboywaslyingonthegrass,withhiseyeslookingintothebluesky.=Theboywaslyingonthegrass,andhiseyeswerelookingintothebluesky.小男孩躺在草地上，眼睛凝视着蔚蓝的天空。(5)表示方式，相当于另一个与之并列的分句。例如：Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.=Hewasasleepandhisheadwasonhisarms.他头枕着胳膊睡着To2.用作定语，相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词。例如：(1)她看到一条小溪，两边长满了红花和绿草。Shesawabrookwithredflowersandgreengrassonbothsides.=Shesawabrookwhichhadredflowersandgreengrassonbothsides,(2)我喜欢有鸟图案的邮票。Ilikestampwithabirddesignonthem.=Ilikestampsonwhichthereisabirddesign.二.符合结构的常见类型1.With+宾语+名词。例如：(1)Hediedwithhisdaughteryetaprimaryschoolgirl.他去世时，他女儿还是个小学生。(2)WuSongfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.武松和老虎搏斗，木棍是他唯一的武器。2.with+宾语+形容词。例如：(1)Thestudentsraisedtheirheadswitheyesfullofwonderandmystery.学生们抬器起头来，眼里充满了惊奇和神秘感。(2)Thelistenerswerelisteningtothespeaker,withtheireyeswideopen.听众们瞪大眼睛听着演讲者的4士友ri°3.with+宾语+副词。例如： (1)Thenaughtyboynowstoodbeforetheteacherwithhisheaddown.那个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师的面前。 (2)Justthen,hesawamanwalkingtowardshim,withastrawhatandacoaton.就在那时，彳也看见——个头戴草帽，身穿大衣的人朝他走来。1.with+宾语+介词短语。例如：(1)Hewasdressedinanoldblackjacketwithabroadbeltroundhiswaist.他身穿一件黑色的旧夹克，腰里系着一根宽宽的皮带。(2)Mygrandfatheroftensatintheyard,withhispipeinhismouth,thinking.我爷爷经常嘴里叼个烟斗，坐在园子里沉思。2.with+宾语+现在分词。例如：(1)Givenbetterattention,theyoungtreescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesungivingthemlight.如果有人好好照料，这些树会在充足的阳光下长得更好。(2)Thedaywasfine,withafreshbreezeblowing.天气晴朗,和风吹拂。3.wilh+宾语+过去分词。例如：(1)Shefeltverynervous,withsomanyeyesfixedonhei■.这么多人盯着她,她感到很不自在。(2)Amanslippedin,withhisfacehiddenbyanup-turnedcoatcollarandcappulledlowoverhisbrow.一个人溜了进來，脸藏在高高竖起的大衣领里，帽子低低压到眉毛下。4.with+宾语+不定式。例如：(1)Withallthesemouthstofeed,hedidnotknowwhattodo.有这么多人要养活，他不知道怎么办好。(2)Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,themanagerfeltlikeacatonhotbricks.由于有好多难题要解决，经理急得像热锅上是蚂蚁。一.巩固练习1.Thestreetisnotingoodorderwithrubbisheverywhere.A.lainB.layingC.laidD.lying2.---Theysatstillintheroom..Whydidtheydolikethat?A.drawingthecurtainsB.withthecurtainsdrawnC.withthecurtainsdrawingD.havingthecurtainsdrawn3.Acarroaredpastwithsmokefromtheexhaust().A.pouringB.pouredC.pourD.topour4.somuchhomeworktodo,I"mafraidIcan"tgoshoppingwithyou.A.AsB.becauseofC.IfD.With5.only20minutestogobeforethetrainleft,Ifeltuneasyinthetaxitotherailwaystation.A.WithB.ForC.AsD.BecauseKey:DBADA 时间状语从句之八大”注意”一.when当的时候，"这时"1.hewaswatchingTVwhensomeoneknockedonthedoo匚2.shewasabouttogotobedwhenthetelephonerang.3.Theyhadjustcovered20liwhenaheavyrainpoured.4.Wewereonthepointofgivingupwhenthecaptaintookcharge.二.as强调主句与从句动作的同时发生，”随着営，一边…一边”等1.Astimewenton,theoldmangrewweakerandweaker.2.ThegirlsanganEnglishasshedancedintheclassroom,while前后两件事的对比”而”1.WhileIwasreading,she，ssinging.2.AllthestudentswereplayingoutsidewhileMarywasreadingaletteratherdesk.一.Before“才”，”就”异还没来得及…・”1.Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.2.Onlyhalfayearpassedbeforeshemarried.3.BeforeIcouldlookcarefully,hetookthenoteawayfromme.五•连词之前加些如shortly,soon,long,threeyears,twohours.shortlyafter,soonafterJongbefore,twoyearsbefore,fouryearsafter...1.HewenttovisittheGreatWallshortly/soonafterhecametoBeijing.2.HisfatherhaddiedlongbeforehecametoTianjing.3.Hissonhadgoneabroadtwoyearshepassedaway.4.TheyoungmanbecameaPartymemberfouryearsafterhegraduatedfromacollege.六•时间状语从句中有两个句式很重要,他们分别是：(1)It+be+一段时间+since-clause.be常用is从句的谓语动词如果是短暂性动词，则表示肯定意义;如果谓语动词是延续性动词，则表示否定意义1.Itisthreeyearssinceshemarried.她结婚有3年了.Itisfourmonthssincehesmoked.他戒烟4个月了.Itisfiveweekssincesheworked.她5个星期没来上班了・(2)It+be+一段时间+before-clause・be常用was或willbe,而句中的before为,才”或，就”1.Itwasfiveyearsbeforesheremarried.过了5年她才再婚.2.Itwillbeonlytwodaysbeforeshegoesabroad・仅仅过两天她就要IB国了.七•时间状语从句和条件状语从句一样，如果主句的谓语动词为将来时态，从句为用一般现在时等表示时间.1.F11tellhimaboutitassoonashecomesback.2.I"llgotherewithyouwhenIhavecompletedmyask. 1.Shesaidshewouldtellhimaboutitassoonashecameback・八.还有一些特殊的词语充当连词： (1)theyear,theweek,thedayHeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarIIbrokeout.(2)thespring,thesummer,theautumn,thewinterAlicegotmarriedthesummershegraduatedfromcollege.(3)themoment,theinstant,theminuteIunderstandeverythingtheminuteIsawherface.ThemomentIgottothestation,Ifoundthetrainhadgone.(4)the+序数词+time,(the)nexttime,thelasttimeHewaswritingaletterthefirsttimeIsawhim.Besuretocallonus(the)nexttimeyoucometovisitouruniversity.ThelasttimeIwasinBeijing,IpaidavisittotheSummerPalace.(5)eachtime,everytime,anytimeEverytimeIcatchacold,Ihaveapaininmyback.Youarewelcometocomeandvisitourschoolanytimeyoulike.(6)immediately,directly,instantlyIrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawhe匸IwenthomedirectlyIhadfinishedmywork.(7)bythetimeBythetimehewas14yearsold,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmaths.七.读文章，区别定语从句和时间状语从句Duringyourteenageyears,itisimportanttogiveyourbodytheenergythatitneeds.Ifyouskipmeals,youdon"tgetenoughcaloriesthatyourbodyneed，andthenyoufeeltired.Bytheway/4calories,?isjustanotherwordwhichisusedtomeanenergy.Teenagegirlsneedabout2200caloriesadayandboysneedabitmore…doctorssuggest2800forteenageboys.50A%ofyourcaloriesshouldcomefromrice,bread,vegetablesandfruittheyeat.Youalsoneedtodrinkalotofwater,6to8glassesaday.Waterhelpskeepyoursystemclean.Drinkingenoughwaterwillimproveyourskinandgiveyouhealthyhai匚 替代和省略:一.do可以用来代替动词或动词+其他成分：LHespeaksEnglishmorefluentlythanyoudo.1.…Didyouseethefilm?…Yes,Idid.2.Afeatherfallsslowerthanastoneonlybecausetheairholdsthefeatherbackmorethanitdoesthestone.3.HedrawsbetterthanIdo•4.-WealllikebasketbalL-Yes,everybodydoes.5.—Havetheymovedtheirfurniture?■“Theyhavedonethedesks,butthafsallsofan6.—DoesGrannylookafteryoueveryday?—ShecaiTtdoatweekends.8・Sheplaysthepianobetterthanshedoestheguitar9eJohnspeaksFrenchasfluentlyashedoesGerman.二由than和as引出的比较状语从句,巨竟义明确的情况下，可省略than和as后面的任何部分。1.1knowyoubetterthanhe(knowsyou).2.1knowyoubetterthan(Iknow)him・三・在I"mafraid,Ibelieve,Iexpect,Ifancy,Ifear,Ihope,Iimagine,Ishouldsay,Isuppose,Ithink,Itrust,Iguess之后的not等于一个否定的that•从句，so等于一个肯亘的that・从句。1.—Willitraintomorrow?・・・Ihopenote2.■■■Ishesick?—Iamafraidso.3・HemustbeaworkenIimagineso>1.-Hasshefinishedreadingthebook?-Ihopeso>四・不定式的省略：常在refuse,want,seem,intend，mean,expect,hope,like,beafraid,prefer,care,forget，wish,try等后。或置于形容词glad,happy,afraid，anxious,ready,willing等后，LIaskedhimtoseethefilm，buthedidn，twantto>2.Somepeoplesuggestedthatshereconsiderthematter，butsherefusedto.3・—Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycatwhileweareawayonholiday?・-Notatall,wearegladto.*但是若不定式是完成式，应留have,含有be时，应留be.・・Areyouanengineer?・-No,butIwanttobe.2.—Didyouattendthepartylastnight?—No,butIwouldliketohave.一.hope,think,fear,wish,beafraid与so,to连用的比较：通常so代替句子，to代不定式. —Willyoustayforlunch? —Ihopeso.=1hope(thatIwillstayforlunch.)-Ihopeto>=Ihope(tostayforlunch).一.省略用于各种从句中：l>(When/Ifitis)Seenfromtheplane,thehouselooksliketinytoys.2・Dobecarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.3・Hestoodupasif/though(hewanted)toleave.Jimhurriedlylefttheroomasi^though(hewas)angry.4Youarerequestedtodonotneedinthefutureagaintomegood.IamafraidofmyunderstandingsoftFortunatelyimeetthewhenitestmanofaClass205Generate.Heisstillmorehunourous>Manstudentisnoneofanythingsbefore■1examinationpaperof,canbealltakemine.HedarenotaskjhisagaincanonlyletautumncleanthepaperslippassonGiveittome.Theautumniscleanand205thatmanstudentofclassplaybetter^takesthepaperslipandlet1himhavealook.Class205aftermanstudentbefore•1spokeonesentence!：nYoutoohadtheprospects!nImowonlythinkstowanttolaugh-!Want,IandthatmanstudenttoonlyseethetrainNo・9・Butdonotknowswhytowanttomeethim!Becauseitseemsthatthinkhimhethat!!! 定语从句难题解析定语从句是高中的重点语法，也是高考的热点，下面就讲如何解难题.一.找动词•即了解定语从句与先行词相关的动词是及物物动词还是不及物动词.例如：1.Thisistheveryplaceheusedtolive.Thisistheveryplacehevisitedtenyearsago.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.which2.ThisistheshopIoftenspeaktoyouA.whereB.whichC.ofwhichD.inwhich3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn"tsinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB・whoC・fromwhichD.towhom二.看结构4.HearrivedinAmericainthesummerof1999,hebecameamanagerthreeyearslate匚HearrivedinAmericainthesummerof1999,hebecameamanage匚A.whereB.thatC.whichD.when三.重视标点符号5.,AmericainvadedIraqmorethantwoyearsago.AmericainvadedIraqmorethantwoyearsago.A.ItisknowntoallthatB.ItisknowntoallC.AsweallknowD.Asweallknowthat四.注意并列连词的使用6.Shefailedintheexamagain,andmadehermotherveryannoyed.Shefailedintheexamagain,madehermotherveryannoyed.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which五•区别强调句与定语从句7.Coulditbeinthemeetingroomyouhadtalkedwithmelastnight_youleftbehindkeys?A.that;whereB.which;thatC.where;thatD.where;where8.IsthisthefirsttimeyouhavecometoBeijing?IsitforthefirsttimeyouhavecometoBeijing?A.ThatB.whichC.whenD.onwhich六.使用还原法，即将题干的顺序还原成正常的语序,以理请清句子的结构，从而作出正确的 判断.9.1sthisfactoryyoupaidavisittolastyear? Isthisfactoryyoupaidavisittolastyear?A.thatB.whereC.theoneD.ofwhichKeys:l.B/CA2.C3.D4.AD5.CA6.BD7.C8.AA9.CALessonll-12It典型句型里例释it的习惯用语1.can"thelpit“无能为力"2.Don"thesitate!It"sworthit“有好处，值得做”3.Thetrainisduetoleaveinfiveminutes.Wewillnevermakeif••成功做到赶上4.Whensheheardaboutthechanceofpromotion,shedecidedtogoforit,努力争取，大胆一试5.AsanelderlyChineseimmigrantwhohaslivedinLosAngelesput址"It"smydutytoconatemoneytothedisater—strickenareasinmynativeland：衣达6.Getwithit!振作精神7.Keepatit!坚持下去8.…HowmuchdoIoweyouforlunch?…Forgetit.It"snothing.算了吧别放在心上9.一-Couldyoupleasesaythatagain?-一Goalongthestreetuntilyouseethedepartmentstore.■一Gotit.Manythanks.懂了，明白了It作形式宾语的句型1・•…dislike/likeitwhen...2.sb.Wouldappreciateitif....3.•••take/hide/seeto/insision/dependonitthat•…1・Theyaregoodfriends,butPamhateswhenRaycallsheratwork・A.thatB./C.itD.this2.ThedoctoradvisedCatherinetorest,butdicinghelp.A.sheB.heC.itD.which3・Itrytounderstandthatpreventssomanypeoplefrombeinghappy・A.whyisitB.whatisitC.whyitisD.whatitis4.Hetalkedtoomuch,buthecan"thelp・A.soB.itC.thatD.such5・——Doyousmoke?一—No,Idon"t.（我有多年不抽烟了）Thekeytotheabove:l.of2.of3.in4.of5.in.under6.at7.to8.for9.inlO.from11.for12.to13.for14.for15.withI6.T017.by/near18.about19.in20.with DBABAAI1—5BDCAC6—10CDDAB11—15CDCBA 11.16.1won"t17.neither/norwillhe18.notto19.oughtto/shouldhave2O.FdbehappytoCCCBIt"syearssinceIsmoked・Lessonl3-14英语中的“插入语”插入语通常与句中其他部分没有语法上的联系，将他删除后，句子结构仍然是完整的。书写时我们多半用逗号把他与句子的其他部分隔开。在意思上，它在句子中常是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或总结，或是表达说话者的态度和看法，或是起强调的作用，有时为了引起对方的注意，或是转移话题或说明事由的作用，或是承上启下，使句子与前面的语句衔接得更紧密一些。常见的有以下：1.形容词（短语）作插入语_常见的能用作插入语的形容词（短语）有：true,wonderful,excellent,strangetosay,worststill,mostimportantofall,sureenough等。例女［hWonderful,ourteamhaswonagain.太好了，我们队又赢了。True,itwouldbetoolate.真的，时间太晚了。Strangetosay,shehasn^gotmyletteruptonow.说来也奇观，她到现在还没有收到我的信。Mostimportantofall,wemustrememberallthegrammarrules.最重要的是，我们要记住所有的这些语法规则。2.副词（短语）作插入语_能用作插入语的副词（短语）有indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however,generally,personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily・Though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,orrather等。例如：WhenhegottoEngland,hefound,however,thathisEnglishwastoolimited.可是到了英国之后，他发现他的英语太有限了。Otherwise,hewouldstillbeworkingatschool.不然的话，他还会在学校工作的。3.介词短语作插入语__能用作插入语的介词短语（短语）有infact,inone，sopinion,ingeneral,inaword,inotherwords,inafewwords,ofcourse,bytheway,asaresult,forexample,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,toone"ssurprise,inshort,asamatteroffact,inconclusion,inbrief等。例如：Totheirsurprise,theysawnotlocuststhistimebutseagulls.使他们惊讶的是，他们这次看到的不是蝗虫而是海鸥。Youcan9twaitanymoreinotherwords,youshouldstartatonce・你不能再等了，换而言之，你得立即出发。Donotplant,forexample,riceyearafteryearinthesamefield.例如，在同一块地里，不要年复一年地种水稻。 Onthecontrary,weshouldstrengthenourtieswiththem.相反，我们还应加强和他们 联系。4.-ing分词作插入语能用作插入语的“ing分词（短语）有generallyspeaking,strictlyspeaking,judgingfrom/by…，talkingof…，considering…等。例女ChGenerallyspeaking,theweatherinBritainisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.一般来说,不列颠的气候冬天不太冷，夏天不太热。Judgingbyhisclothes,hemaybeanartist从衣着来判断，他可能是个艺术家。Talkingofsinging,willyougototheconcertwithmetonight?说到唱歌，今晚你愿意和我一块去听音乐会吗？2.不定式作插入语能用作插入语的不定式短语有tobefrank,tobehonest,tobesure,totellyouthetruth,tomakethematterworse,tosumup，tostartwith,tobeginwith等。例女口：Tobefrank，Idon，tquiteagreewithyou.坦率地说，我不太同意你的意见。Totellyouthetruth,Fmnotsointerestedinthematter.跟你说实话，我对这件事情的兴趣不大。Tosumup,successresultsfromhardwork•总而言之，成功是艰苦努力的结果。3.代词词组作插入语能用作插入语的代词词组有allthesame,alltold,allinall等。例如：Hiscrewwasreducedtotwenty-fouralltold.他的船员减少到总共24人。Allinall,herconditionisgreatlyimproved.总的来说，她的情况有很大的好转。4.分句（陈述句和一般疑问句）作插入语能用作插入语的分句有Iamsure,Ibelieve,Ithink,Iknow,Isuppose,Ihope,Tmafraid,yousee,itissaid,whafsmore,thatistosay,asweknow,asIsee,believeitornot等。例如：Someanimalsonlyhalf-hibernate,thatistosay,theirsleepisnotsuchadeepone•有些动物只是半冬眠，就是说它们睡得不那么深沉。Ibelieve,Chinawillcatchupwiththedevelopedcountriessoonerorlaten确信，中国迟早会赶上发达国家。Hecan%passtheexam^becausehedoesiTtstudyhard>他不会通过这次考试，因为他学习不认真，更何况他又不太聪明。‘Howdoyouthinkclimateisdifferentfromweather?你认为气候和天气有什么不同之处？Practice:1Wehaven"theardfromJaneforalongtime.——Whatdoyousupposeher?A.washappeningB.tohappenc.hashappenedD.havinghappened2.Johnplaysfootball,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas3.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.4.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgarden.A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin5.-・・・Whatdoyouthinkmadethewomansoupset?——weight.A.AssheputonB.PutonC.PuttingonD.Becauseofputtingon 2.E-mail,aswelladtelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play3.Yourperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn"treachtherequiredstandard—・,youfailed.A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime4.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.whatKey:CBDDCACBLessonl5-16名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中儿乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1.考查名词性从句的语序问题2.考查引导词that与what的区别2.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4.考查whether与if的区别5.考查名词性从句屮的疑问词+evei•引导的名词性从句与nomatter-f-疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,讦(不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why1.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether，讦和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，述没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：(1)It+be+名词+that从句(2)It+be+形容词+that从句(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句(4)It+不及物动词+that从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要 用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that•••Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that••-1.宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句屮不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order>suggest>decide>insist,desire,demand,request,command要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用"(should)+动词原形”。例如:Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上岀发。2・用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把I•作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3•用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“ornot”时；e.后接动词不定式时。例女口：Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。2.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：hestudiesEnglisheveryday.(从句用一般现在时)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.(从句用一般过去时)Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(从句用一般将来时)hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.(从句用现在完成时)当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外)，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.3.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。 例如：Wedon?tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。IdonJtbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。1.表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。例如：Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thatiswhyhedidn,tcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning1.同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句白勺名词有advicedemand、doubt>fact、hope^idea^informationmessagenews^ordersproblem、promise>question>requestsuggestionstruth>wish>word等。例女口：Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回来。ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能玛|则生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下而两个例句：Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere,（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）名词性从句专项练习50题1.Hissuccesswasbecauseofhehadbeenworkinghard.D.thefactA.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthat2.“IsMaryfromNewYorkCity，，“Idon"tknowA.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromC・whatcitydoesshecomefrom3.makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatB・fromwhatcityshecomeD.whatcityshecomesfromC.WhoeverD.Whatever1.ThereasonwhyIdidn"tgotoShanghaiwasanewjob.D.thatIgotD.forA.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.Igot2.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.讦3.Henrykilledthedog.FllaskhimwhyC.hedidD.hehasdonesoA.didhedothatB.hedidthat4.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow.A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalongC.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalong5.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC・whicheverD.whenever9.Heaskedmewithme. A.whatisthetroubleC.whatwasthematterB.whatwrongwasD.whattroubleitis10.1amsurehesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat11.Whenandwhyhecamehereyet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC・hasnotknownD.havenotbee12.1wonderhowmuch•A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts13.Maryissomeonemightrecognizehei;A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor14.isnoreasonfordismissinghe匸A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC・ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate15.Theycametotheconclusionbyacompute匸A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedoneC.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedone16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwasthelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that17.1don"tdoubthellcome.A.thatB.讦C.whatD.whether18.一"Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang"一“Well,IforgetIwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit19.Outputisnowsixtimesitwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich20.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe"snowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshe"salwayssaved.A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns21.suiprisedmemostwassuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which22.Wegavehimhelpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this23.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimandyouhavetoldhim.A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat24.ExcusemewouldyoupleasetellmeA.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldC・whenisthesportsmeettobeginD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace 18.Doyouhappentoknow A.whatsizeshoeshewearsC.whatisthesizeofhisshoesA.howbigshoeshewearsD.whatnumbershoesarehisThisbookwillshowyouA.howyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedWheredoyouthinkA.hashegoneB.hashebeenDoyouknowcanbeusedinothercontexts.A.howwhatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobservedB.hersgoneD.washeA.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworldB.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworldC.howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopulationoftheworldisWouldyougoandseeoutsideA.whattotakeplaceB・whatTomhashappenedB.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeenThesubjectofHWhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim.HisA.whatB.interestingIthinkheisCharles.A.WhodoyouthinkheisC.WhomdoyouthinkheisHedidn"tknowwhichroomC.WhatisinterestingD.IA.DoyouthinkwhoheisC.DoyouthinkwhoheisA.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveThelittleboyatehismothergavehim.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.didtheyliveinD.nomatterwhatD.whatitusedtobeD.allwhatThecityisnolonger.A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasMyparentsusedtheyhadtogetanewcarforme.A.whichB.thatC.whatwegoswimmingeverydayA.If...doB.That...dousalotofgood.C.If...doesD・That...doeswastheideathewifethoughtofA.What...thatB.That...whatC.How...whydidhetellhiswifehewishedtodoA.That...whatB.What…thatC.Where.••whichD.Why•••howD.Which...whereOneofthemenheldtheviewthebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthatIhavenoideaornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whether一“Doyouknow”D.which——“Hisfatherisadoctor/9 A.whatishisfatherA.whathisfatherisA.whoishisfatherB.whohisfatheris42.IsthiswemeteachothertwoyearsagoA.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereD.placewhich43.ItBobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat44.Weallknowthetruththereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.A.whereB.whereverC.thatD・thatwherever45.Theydiscussedtheycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothers1help.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether46.Sheasked.A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupB.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupB.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingD.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing47.一MayIborrowthering一Youcantakeyoulike.A.nomatterwhatB・whichC・whicheverD.that48.Hesaidthathewasfondof•A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautiful49.Heinsistedthatheingoodhealthandtoworkthere.A.was,besentB・is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,send50.DoyouknowheexpectswillgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose1-5.CDCDB6-10.BABCD11-15.ADCCA16-20.DABCA21-25.BBDDA26-30.BCDCC31-35.ABCDC36-40.DABBC41-45.CCDDD46-50.ACBAA Lessonl7-18一句多译1.他太粗心了，要不然的话,他就会通过考试了.Hewastoocareless,otherwise,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.Hewouldhavepassedtheexamination,buthewastoocareless-Ifhehadbeencarefulenough,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.2.如果没有船长的话，这艘船和所有的乘客都会沉没.Withoutthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunkwithallthepassengersonboard.Butforthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunkwithallthepassengersonboard.Haditnotbeenforthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunkwithallthepassengersonboard.3.我木来想帮助你,但我太忙了.Ihadwantedtohelpyou,butIwastoobusy.Iwantedtohavehelpedyou,butIwastoobusy.Iwasgoingtohelpyou,butIwastoobusy.Iwouldliketohavehelpedyou,butIwastoobusy.4.他一到旅馆就给我来了电话.Upon/Onhisarrivalatthehotel,hegavemeatelephonecall.Assoonasheamvedatthehotel,hegavemeatelephonecall.Themomentheamvedatthehotel,hegavemeatelephonecall・Immediatelyhearrivedatthehotel,hegavemeatelephonecall.HehadhardlyarrivedatthehotelwhenhegavemeatelephonecalkHardlyhadhearrivedatthehotelwhenhegavemeatelephonecalk5.你们该作业啦.It^stimethatyoushouldhandinyourhomework.It^stimethatyouhandedinyourhomework.It"stimeforyoutohandinyourhomework. 1.只有在那吋,我才意识到污染的严重性. NotuntilthendidIrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.ItwasnotuntilthemthatIrealizedhowseriousthepollutionwas.OnlythendidIrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.1.圣诞节"快至iJT.Christmasisontheway.Christmasisapproaching.Christmasisathand.Christmasiscoming.Christmasisdrawingnear.2.如果再给我们一个小时，我们就会完成这项工作.Givenonmorehour,wecouldhavefinishedthework.Onemorehourandwecouldhavefinishedthework.Ifyouhadgivenusonemorehour,wecouldhavefinishedthework.3.这两个(双胞胎)我分不清.Ican^tellonetwinfromtheother.Icarfttellthetwotwinsapart.Ican^ttellthedifferencebetweenthetwotwins.4.王平不满足与他取得的进步.WangPingdoesn^tcontenthimselfwiththegreatprogresshehasmade.WangPingisnotcontentwiththegreatprogresshehasmade.WangPingisnotsatisfiedwiththegreatprogresshehasmade.WangPingisnotsatisfiedwiththegreatprogresshehasmade・WangPingisnotpleasedwiththegreatprogresshehasmade.II•发生什么事了？Whafsup?What"sthematter/wrong?Whathashappened?11.他坐在椅子上陷入了沉思.Hesatinhischair,lostinthought.Hesatinhischair,buriedinthought.Hesatinhischair,absorbedinthought.Hesatinhischair,deepinthought.12.由于缺钱，他父母不能送他上大学.Lackingmoney,hisparentscarTtaffordhimtogotouniversity.Owingtolackofmoney,hisparentscan"taffordhimenoughmoneytouniversity.Beingshortofmoney,hisparentscan"taffordhimenoughmoneytouniversity.HisparentscarTtaffordtosendhimtouniversitybecauseoflackofmoney.HisparentscarTtaffordhimenoughmoneytouniversityduetolackofmoney.13.这个消息使我们很失望.Thenewsdiscouragedusgreatly.Thenewswasverydiscouraging.15•这个人逃离了那个国家.Themanfled(from)thatcountry.16.他没有回答我的问题.Weweregreatlydiscouragedbythenews.Themanescapedfromthatcountry.Themanranawayfromthatcountry.Hedidn"tanswermyquestion.Hedidn^treplytomyquestion.Hedidn^trespondtomyquestion.13.我妻了坚持要我和他一块儿去购物.Mywifeinsistedonmygoingshoppingwithhe匚MywifeinsistedthatI(should)goshoppingwithher.1&他们别无选择只有在这儿等候.Theycandonothingbutwaithere. Theycandonothingbetterotherthanwaithere.Theyhavenowayoutbuttowaithere.Theyhavenochoicebuttowaithere.