初中英语语法专项习题1名词 6页

初中英语语法专项习题一、名词（n.）表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词（一）名词的分类名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。可数名词包括个体名词（表示一类人或物的个体。如：boy,desk,cat,window）和集体名词（由若干个体组成的集合体。如：family,class,police）。不可数名词包括物质名词（表示无法分为个体的实物。如：water,paper,silk,money）和抽象名词（表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework）专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如：Tom,theGreatWall,theSpringFestival,France,theUnitedStates）（二）名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：（1）一般情况下,在词尾加s.eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s]，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。（2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.eg.beach——beaches,brush——brushes,bus——buses,box—boxes（es读音为〔iz〕（3）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es.eg.city——cities,family——families,documentary——documentaries,country——countries,strawberry——strawberries（ies读音为[iz]）（注：以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days）（4）以o结尾的名词，变复数时情况如下：①,.tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes,hero—heroesnegro——negroesmongo——mongoesp②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,eg.zoo—zoos,radio——radios③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg.piano—pianos④一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s,eg.photo（photograph）——photos,kilo（kilogram）kilos⑤zero变复数时，既可加s,也可加eg.zeros／zeroes（5）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es.eg.wife——wives,leafleaves,half——halves,knife—knives,thief——thieves（res读音为[vz]（注意：roof的复数为roofs；scarf的复数为scarfs／scarves）（6）有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字6 eg.man——men,woman——women,policeman——policemen,Englishman——Englishmen,Frenchman——Frenchmen,foot——feet,tooth——teeth,child——children,mouse—mice,Ox—Oxen（公牛）（7）还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish（8）另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors另外,①当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。eg.anappletree,fiveappletrees,agirlfriend,twogirlfriends,atwinsister但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。eg.twomenteachers,threewomendoctors②可用“量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。eg.aroomOfstudents,twoboxesOfpencils2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，它的“量”的表示方式如下。（1）表不定数量时,一般用much,（a）little,alotof／lotsof,some,any等词修饰。eg,muchmoney,alittlebread（2）表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如：two／three／…+量词复数十of+不可数名词。eg.abagOfrice,twoglassesOfmilk,fourbottlesOfwater3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。eg：fruit水果——fruits表示不同种类的水果；food食物——foods各种食品；fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类；drink饮料、酒——adrink一杯／一份饮料、一杯酒；cloth布——,acloth桌布、抹布；sand沙——sands沙滩；tea茶——atea一杯茶；chicken鸡肉——achicken小鸡；orange橘汁——anorange橘子；glass玻璃——aglass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜；paper纸——apaper试卷、论文；wood木头——awood小森林；room空间、余地——aroom房间（三）名词的所有格（表示人或物的所属关系）（1）有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。①不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加’s.eg.Mike’swatch；Women’sDay②以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加’。eg.teachers’office,students’rooms③两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加’s.eg.TomandMike’sroom汤姆和迈克的房间（表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房）④两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加’s.eg.Mary’sandJenny’sbikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车（表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车）（2）无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构6 eg.amapOfChina,thebeginningOfthisgame,thedoorOftheroom（3）特殊形式①可用’s和of短语表示的名词所有格eg.theboy’sname=thenameOftheboy（男孩的名字）thedog’slegs=thelegsofthedog（狗的腿）China’spopulation=thepopulationOfChina（中国的人口）China’scapital=thecapitalofChina（中国的首都）②双重所有格eg.afiendofmymother’s我妈妈的一个朋友apictureofTom’s汤姆的一张图片6练习题1.()1Shewasveryhappy.Sheinthemathstest.A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake()2Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe()3_____are____forcuttingthings.A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedB.C.Knife/usingD.Knives/using()4Whatbig____thetigerhas!A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes()5Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave()6-Canwehavesome___?-Yes,please.A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear()7Onthetabletherearefive____.A.tomatosB.pieceoftomatoesC.tomatoesD.tomato2()1Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories()2Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice()3Whenwesawhisface,weknew___wasbad.A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsP.news()4What___lovelyweatheritis!A./B.theC.anD.a3()1-Wouldyoulike___tea?-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforangeC.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges()2Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads()3Itreallytookhim:___todrawthenicehorse.A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime()4Iwouldliketohave___.A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkIC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks()5Canyougiveme____?A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea()6Pleasegiveme___paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof()7Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes4()1-Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?-I"vegotfive.A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken()2Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.6 A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies()3Inthepicturetherearemany____andtwo.A.sheep;foxesC.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxD.sheep;foxs()4Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American5()1Thistableismadeof___.A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass()2-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-I"dlike____.!A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken()3Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom6()1Tablesaremadeof___.A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods()2Iwonderwhy______aresointerestedinaction(武打片)films.A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeoples()3Ihaveread____oftheyoungwriter.A.worksB.workC.thisworksD.theworks7()1Let"smeetat7:30outsidethegateof___?A.thePeople"sParkB.thePeoples"ParkC.thePeopleParkD.People"sPark()2___Chinesepeopleare___hardworkingpeople.A./;aB.We;theC.The;theD.The;a()3Howmanywerethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?A.policemanB.policesC.policeD.peoples8()1Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.A.setB.oneC.pieceD.pair()2LastweekIboughtaTV____.A.pair.B.setC.pieceD.block()3Thereisaofwoodleftontheground.A.cupB.piece,C.boxD.pair9()1Therearesixty-seven___inourschool.A.women"steacherB.womenteachersB.C.womanteachersD.womenteacher()2Therearefive___inourfactory.A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers()3These____weresenttothevillagestohelpthefarmers.A.womendoctorB.womendoctorsC.womandoctorsD.womandoctor10()1Theywritemostoftheir___inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters()2Wecametoa___atlast.andwentin.A.watchshopB.watchesshopC.watchingshopD.watchsshop()3Thisshopsellsapples,bananasandthingslikethese.It"sa___.A.foodshopB.bookshopC.fruitshopD.vegetableshop()4Shebrokea___whileshewaswashingup.A.glassofwineB.glassforwineC.glasswineD.wineglass()5I"veforgottenbothofthe____.A.roomnumbers.B.roomsnumberC.roomsnumbersD.roomnumber111.September10this____inChina.A.Teacher"sDayB.Teachers"DayC.TeacherDayD.TeachersDay()2-Isthebroomunder____desk?-No,it"sunder____.A.theteacher"s;myB.teacher"s;mineC.teacher"s;meD.theteacher"s;mine()3Excuseme,whereisthe___?A.men"sroomB.mens"roomC.men"sroomsD.menrooms12()1Thefootballunderthebedis____.A.LilyandLucyB.Lily"sandLucy"sC.Lily"sandLucyD.LilyandLucy"s()2Thisismy____dictionary.A.sisterMaryB.sister"sC.sister,Mary"sD.sister"s6 Mary"s()3Hewentto___shoptobuyashirt.A.atailorB.thetailorC.atailorsD.thetailors"()4Joanis____.A.Mary"sandJacksisterB.MaryandJack"ssisterC.MaryandJacksisterD.Mary"sandJack"ssister13()1Inafew____time,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.A.yearB.years"C.year"sD.years()2It"sabout___walkfrommyhouse.A.tenminuteB.tenminutes"C.tenminute"sD.tenminutes()3Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.It"sabout_____.A.thirtyminutes"swalkB.thirtyminute"swalkC.thirtyminutes"walkD.thirtyminuteswalk()4Half___telephonecallsaremadeinEnglish.A.theworldB.worldC.theworld"sD.world"s14()1____facetothesouth.A.WindowsoftheroomB.ThewindowsoftheroomC.Theroom"swindowsD.Thewindowsinroom()2Pleasetaketwo___.A.pictureoftheparkB.picturesoftheparkC.thepicturesofaparkD.pictureofapark()3Theworkersarerepairing____.A.theroofofthehouseB.aroofofthehouseC.roofofthehouseD.thisroofofhouse15()1MissSmithisafriendof____.A.Mary"smother"sB.Mary"smotherC.mother"sofMaryD.Marymothers()2Thisisabookof___.A.TomB.Tom"sC.herD.him()3Thepostcardissentby____.A.afriendofmyfatherB.afriendofmyfather"sC.myfatherfriendD.myfatherfriend"s16()1Sydneyisacityof___.A.AmericaB.GermanyC.AustraliaD.Japan()2Myfatherlikesbuyingus___.A.carsB.flowersC.peasantsD.presents()3InEngland,thelastnameisthe___.A.fullnameB.familynameC.middlenameD.givenname()4MrGaoisateacher.Heworksinanew____.A.shopB.schoolC.factoryD.hospital17()1Myfatherisa____.Heworksinahospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.soldier()2-WhichanimallivesonlyinChina?-The____.A.tigerB.monkeyC.pandaD.elephant()3Aprilcomebefore___andafter___.A.March;MayB.May;MarchC.June;MayD.March;February()4Whichofthefollowingisright?A.Chinahasalargepopulation.B.Chinahasmuchpopulation.C.Chinahasmanypopulations.D.Chinahasagreatdealofpopulation.()5Pleasedolikethis.Foldthepaper____andcutalongthefold.A.intopiecesB.inhalfC.onhalvesD.tohalf()6Youplayedtheviolinwonderfully.Willyoupleaseplayanother____?A.oneB.gameC.programmeD.piece66 参考答案：1.1-7CCBBBBC2.1-4CBCA3.1-7BCDADDA4.1-4BAAC5.1-3DAA6.1-3AAD7.1-3ADC8.1-3DBB9.1-3BDB10.1-5BACDA11.1-3BDA12.1-4DCCB13.1-4BBCC14.1-3BBA15.1-3ABB16.1-4CDBB17.1-6BCBABD6