英语语法大全之谓语的47种类型 4 12页

济南沃尔得国际英语10．S＋TV．N．P＋NorG（Johnfoundfaultwithme．）无数及物动词和特定的名词和介词构成成语。整个成语可以看作及物动词，因为它们可用名词、代词或动名词作宾语：a．Theycaughtholdof（=seized）thethief；caughtsightof（=spied）astrangestar；declaredwaron（oragainst）aforeigncountry；foundfaultwith（=censured）me；gainedpossessionof（=got）alargeestate；gotnoticefromthepolice；gavewarningto（=warned）us；had（an）interestin（=liked）music；leftwordwiththeofficeboy；lostsightof（=forgot）theirpurpose；losttouchwith（=couldnotcommunicatewith）alltheirfriends；madewaron（=fought）aforeigncountry；putconfidencein（=trusted）me；put（orlost）faithineveryone；tookcareoftheirchildren；took（a）prideintheirwork．b．Theyaskedafavourofyou；didagoodturnto（=didaserviceto）me；didaninjurytotheirbrother；drew（orformed）aconclusionfrom（=inferredfrom）thisfact；entertainedafearfor（=worriedabout）thisadventure；extendedaninvitationto（=invited）alltheirfriends；formedanestimateof（=estimated）hisabilities；gaveanaccountof（=related）theaccident；gaveanorderto（=ordered）us；gaveatrialtothecandidate：hadalessonin（=learned）English．c．Theyaskedthefavourofanearlysupply；clearedthewayfortheQueen；got（orhad）thestartof（=gainedanadventageover）theirrivals；gotthebetter（orthebest）of（=overcame）theircompetitors；losttheuseoftheirlegs；tooktheconsequencesof（=submittedtotheresultsof）theirfolly；tooktheplaceof（=replaced）othermembers．d．Heclearedhismindofprejudice；directedourattentiontothevice；didhisdutyto（orby）hiscountry；foundhiswaytomyvillage；gavehislovetohisparents；paidhisaddressesto（=courted）her；raisedhisvoiceagainst（=opposed）themanager；sethismindon（=attendedto）hisbusiness；shookhisheadatthenews；thrust（orpoked，pushed）hisnoseinto（=meddledofficiouslyin）every－thing；tookhiseyesoffher；tookhischoiceofthebooksheneeded；turnedhisattentiontoexportation；turnedhisbackon（orto）（=forsook）hisfriends．e．Theydidmuchdamagetothecar；hadlittlenotionofthisproject；hadnoobjectiontoyourproposal；hadnopatiencefor（=couldn"tstand）thosefools；hadsomerelationswiththegovernment；made（orlost）alotofmoneyovercoffee；madesomereferencetoShakespeare；sawnoharminLSD；12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语tooknodelightin（=didn"tlike）reading；tooksomeinterestinmusic；tooklittlenoticeofthecrime．f．Hehaddealingswith（=didbusinesswith）us；willgoshareswith（=divideprofitsorcostwith）hisfriends；madefriendswithpoliticians；madepreparations（orarrangements）forthejourney；shookhandswithus；tookpainsoverthework；tookphotographsofus；tookprecautionsagainsttheft；tooksideswith（=supported）acertainpoliticalparty．这种动词成语不仅如上面例句表示的，可以用名词作宾语，也可像下面例句表示的，可用动名词作宾语：g．Heaimedhiseffortsatstudyingnuclearenergy；boretheresponsibilityofpayingthedebtofhisson；gavehismindtobringinguphischildren；hadnopatienceforwaitingsolong；hadthepleasureofdancingwithMary；laidclaimtobeingrespectedasaman；madepreparationsforstartingat3a．m．；didn"tseehisway（clear）to（=didn"tfinditpossibleorgood）becomingamoney-lender；sawnoharminsmoking；tooknointerestinlearninganytrade；laidclaimtobeingthefatherofafamousactresswhohadbeenanorphan．无数及物动词可与特定的介词连用，但与作宾语的名词关系并不紧密。这种句型与其说是“TV．N．P＋NorG”这类，不如说是带状语的“TV＋N”类型：IgavethemoneytoJohn．Thankyouforyourkindness．Comparethiswiththat．Don"tthrowstonesatthatdog．Hepreparedusfortheexam．Shekeepsherchildrenfromharm．PleasetranslatethispoemintoChinese．Itremindsmeofherprettyeyes．Heasked（orbegged，implored）herforpardon（oraid）．Theybanished（ordismissed，expelled）himfromthatplace．Theycharged（orpresented，provided，supplied，furnished）himwithsomething．Whatpreventsyoufromcoming？Iwarnedhimagainstdoingevil．Ipaidhimforhavingdonesomethingforme．Imustkeepmyfeetfromgettingwet．Italkedhimintobelievingme．Theyexcusedmeformakingamistake．Theyforcedusintofighting．11．S＋TV．R．P＋NorG（Johnpridedhimselfonhisnewcar．）约有60个及物动词可和反身代词和特定的介词构成成语，整个成语可以看作及物动词：12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语a．Iavailedmyselfof（=makeuseof）hisoffer（orthischance）．IpreparedmyselfforajourneytoSingaporeandothercountries．Ioccupiedmyselfwith（oraddressedmy－selfto，appliedmyselfto，engagedmyselfin，employedmyselfin）（=wasbusyin）literarywork（orreading，studyingaproblem）；threwmyselfinto（=tookavigorouspartin）thecontest（orteaching）．Hebetookhimselfto（=resortedto）hisoldjob（orhislegs，hisheels）；losthimselfinstudies．b．Healliedhimselfto（orwith）（=wasunitedwith）arichfamily；associatedhimselfwiththefirm（ortheparty，themovement）；engagedhimselftoabusinessman（orawoman）；concernedhimselfwith（orabout）theexam；en－rolledhimselfinthearmy．c．Hehelpedhimselfto（=stole）mywatch；servedhimselfwiththecake；possessedhimselfof（=obtained）ahorse；gorgedhimselfonchicken．d．Hepridedhimselfon（=wasproudof）hisnewcar；valuedhimselfonhisbirth；plumedhimselfonhisappearance；piquehimselfonhisdress．e．Heindulgedhimself（=gratifyhimself）withwine（orinwine）；addicted（ordeliveredup，gaveup，abandoned）himselftopleasure（ordissipation，wine，drinking，gambling，grief，badhabits）；losthimselftoher；dedicatedhimselftoeducation；devotedhimselftomusic；submittedhimselftodiscipline（orhiswife）；yieldedhimselftotemptation．f．Hefamiliarizedhimselfwith（=madehimselfwellacquaintedwith）business；accustomedhimselftotheweather；accommodated（oradapted）himselftonewcircumstances；reconciledhimselfto（orwith）（=overcomehisobjectionsto）hisenemies（orhisfate，hislot，thesituation，alifeofpoverty）．g．Hetroubledhimselfaboutsuchasmallmatter；worriedhimselfabouttheeducationofhischildren．Hedelighted（orcontented）himselfwithhissuccess（ortheresult）；enjoyed（oramused）himselfwithwineandwomen；refreshedhimselfwithcoffee．Hebethoughthimselfofaplan．Hehassatisfiedhimselfofthetruthofthereport；can"tassure（orpersuade）himselfofmysincerity．12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语h．Heintrudedhimselfonmycompany．Heavenged（orrevenged）himselfonhisenemy．Hedefendedhimselfagainstrobbery；guardedhimselfagainstvice；sethimselfagainsteveryone．Hebrokehimselfofabadhabit；freedhimselfofevil．i．Hedistinguishedhimselfforbravery．Heingratiatedhimselfwith（=flattered）hisboss．Heabsentedhimselffromschool．Heexcusedhimselffromcoming．j．Theproblemresolveditselfintoaquestionofmoney．Thistrifledevelopeditselfintoaseriousproblem．Thesnowmelteditselfintowater．Itburneditselfintoashes．Itchanged（ortransformed）itselfintoagiant．Thekingdomdivideditselfintothree．Iengagedmyselfinmakingdress．Hethrewhimselfintoteaching．Headdictedhimselftogambling．Heaccustomedhimselftolivingonthemountain．Heamusedhimselfbyreading．Youmustresign（orreconcile）yourselftolivingahardlife．Iexcusedmyselffromat－tendingtheparty．12．S＋TV＋I或S＋TV．N＋I（Johnwantedtoswim．）约有90个及物动词用不定式（而不是动名词）作宾语：a．Hewished（orhoped，delighted）togo；wantedtoknowit；schemed（orarranged）tokillhisrival；tended（ordesired）tofight；meanttohelpyou；aimedtobe－comeadoctor；thought（=intended）（现在用得较少）togo；ached（oryearned，longed）tobefree；trusted（=earnestlyhoped）tohearfromyousoon．Sheadmired（=intended）（美式）tolearnRussian．Hedidnotcaretogo．12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语b．Hevolunteeredtohelpme；offeredtobuymyhouse（ortostrikeme）；chose（orelected）toremainhere．Hehesitatedtogo；didn"tscrupletosteal；hastenedtotellme；decided（ordetermined，resolved，concluded）tomarryher；vowed（orswore）torevengehimself．Hepromised（oragreed，consented）topaymesoon．Theyhavecontractedtobuildalargetheatre．Hethreatenednottopayme．c．Hecondescended（ordeigned）tohelpme（ortooffermetea）；vouchsafedtoanswer．Hesubmittedtobepunished．Herefused（ordeclined）tolendmethemoney；scorned（书面语）toacceptthebribe，disdained（书面语）tospeakwiththehypocrite．Hedemanded（orrequired）toseemypassport；asked（orapplied，begged）toseetheking；movedtopostponethedecision．d．Hecould（not）affordtowait（ortobegenerous，tobeidle）；managedtocontrolhistemper；willnevermanagetolearn；contrivedtoliveasimplelife（ortomakematterworse）．Theytried（orsought）tokilltheirenemy；endeavoured（orstrove，struggled）tobeindependent．e．Theywon"ttrouble（orbother）todosuchathing；donotcaretoseeit．Theyundertook（orguaranteed，engaged）topaymethedebt．Theyhelped（us）（to）buildthehouse．Theyexpecttobethereatnoon．Theyneverthought（orexpected）toseemeagain．Theypretended（oraffected，madebelieve）toberichmen；claimed（orprofessed）toknoweverything．f．Theydared（orventured）todoit；won"tpresumetocriticiseus．MayIventure（orpresume）（=taketheliberty）toaskyouafewquestions？Theylearnedtoswim．Theypreparedtoleavehere；startedout（orsetout）（=began）towriteareport；proceededtoplaymusic；movedtoarrestthecriminal．Theydeservedtoenjoythispriviledge．Thischildneedstobespanked．g．Hegrewtobelieveit．Howdidhecome（=begin）toknowit？Howcameyoutoloveher？Theextrajobservestoincreasemyincome．Thesesentenceswillsufficetoex－plaintheuseoftheverb．Herlookscontributetoshowherjoy．Thatjustgoestoshowyourignorance．Everymantends（orinclines）tobelieveinhimself．Theboybidsfairtosucceed（ortobeanengineer）．有些动词在不定式前可加for引起的短语，表示意义上的主语：Weplannedforhimtocome．Wearrangedforsomethingtobedone．Hewanted（for）hissontobehappy．Theringingofthebellmeantforthemto12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语cometodinner．Wehavedecidedforthemeetingtotakeplaceonthe3rd（=decidedthatthemeetingshouldtakeplaceonthe3rd）．Hedoesn"tdeserveforyoutohelphim．在下面句子中及物动词和后面跟的名词构成成语，可以看作一个单一的及物动词，后面跟不定式作宾语：Hehadagoodmind（=earnestlywished）todoit；triedhisbest（=endeavoured）tofindoutasolution；tookthetroubletoconsultadictionary；took（good）carenottotroubleher；hadnotthehearttoleaveher；madeuphismind（=decided）togoabroad；hadtomakeshifttosetupahut；sawhisway（clear）tocriticise（orpraise）them．有些动词，看起来像是及物动词却不是及物动词，可以和to构成词组，起助动词的作用：Yououghtto（=should）obeyyourparents．Youwantto（=should）bemorecareful．Ishallhaveto（=must）go．I（have）gotto（=must）gonow．Iamto（=must）seehim．Hestandsto（=may）win（orlose）thegame．Heisgoingto（=will）leavehere．Hefailedto（=should，butdidno）answerher．Heappeared（orseemed）toknowit．Heusedtocomeatseven，andusedn"ttocomeateight．Hechanced（orhappened）tomeetmethere．Heturnedout（orproved）tohavediscoveredoursecret．试比较下面句子：Heiscertain（orsure）to（=willcertainly）succeed．Heislikelyto（=may）comethisevening．Heisableto（=can）speakEnglish．12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Heisallowedto（=may）dowhathelikes．Heisobligedto（=must）goatonce．Heisboundto（=must）go．Heisinaposition（orasituation）to（=can）helphisfriends．在上面所举动词之后不可加动名词：Iwantedgoingabroad．（错句）Hepromisedhelpingme．（错句）13．S＋TV＋G（Johnenjoyedswimming．）约有100个及物动词用动名词（而不是不定式）作宾语：a．Youcannotavoidmakingmistakes．Theywillevadeansweringmyquestions．Howcanheescapebeingpunished？Iwillnevershirkhelpingmygoodfriends．Ican－nothelpthinkingso（orlaughing）（=Icannotbutthinksoorlaugh）．Shecouldnotresisttellinghimeverything．b．Theycommenced（orsetabout，fellto）buildingabridge．Theykept（on）waitingthere，andyoukept（on）drinking．HeresumedstudyingFrench．Hehasfinished（orcompleted，done）writingtheletters．Youmuststop（orquit）drinking．Perhapsyoucan"tbelieve；hehasrenouncedsmokingcigars，givenup（orgivenover）playingthefool，leftoffbeingidle．Ihavetodelay（orpostpone，defer，putoff）meetinghim（orgoingtothedoctor）．c．Iwillconsider（orcontemplate）cooperatingwithhim．HementionedlearningJapanese；reportedhavingdoneallhiswork；describedtheirmakingliquorwithrice．Theysuggested（you）makingatriptoJapan．Headvocated（orurged）（our）usingforce．Heencouraged（our）spendinglessandearningmore．Headvised（orcounselled）（your）tryingoncemore．Herecommended（our）increasingthesalary．d．HeenjoyedeatingVietnamesefood；relishedwatchingwomenpassingby；fanciedgoingtothemovies；adored（=likedverymuch口语体）beingpraised．Heappreciatedyourassistinghim．Idetest（orabominate，loathe）12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语workingatnight；resentbeinglaughedat；dislikeaccompanyingher；rejectgivinghimanyaid；favouredtakingadecisivestep．Theydepreciated（=expresseddisapprovalof）buildingabiglibrary；officiallysanctionedflogging．Doyoumindopeningthedoor（orhissmoking，beingawakened，takingthislettertothepostoffice）？Idon"tmindopeningthedoor（orhissmoking，beingawakened）．e．Headmitted（oracknowledged）havingdonesomethingwrong；owned（orownedto，confessed，confessedto）killingher；deniedstealingit；disclaimedhavingtemptedanyonetodoevil．Idoubthavinganychance．f．Heriskedoffendingsomebody（orlosingallhehad，gettinghurt，beingrobbed）．Shouldhechancebeingcaught，hewouldbeputtodeath．Hefacedbeingisolatedfromsociety．Hemissedeatingagooddinner（orseeingsuchagoodplay）．Iwillawaithearingfromyou．g．Idonotunderstanddrivingacar；can"tunderstandhisbehavinglikethat．Ipractisedplayingthepiano．Sheapedbeingahigh－bornlady．h．Fancydoingeverythingfornothing（ormeetingyouhere）．Couldyoufancymeetingherhere？Icannotfancydoingsuchasillything．Icannotimaginemarryingsuchaman．Ididanticipate（=lookforwardto）havingagoodtimeatChristmas．i．Theydon"tallow（our）talkingloudinpublic；neverpermit（our）screaminginthehouse；tolerate（our）smokingandgambling；forbade（our）speakingloud；hindered（orprevented）（our）committingthesamemistakes；barredsmokingandplayingcards．Ineverforgive（orpardon，excuse）spittinginpublicplaces．Hegrudgedpayingme（=wasunwillingtopayme）（orhavingtopaydoubletheprice，mylivingahappylife）；repentedlearningtoolate．Shefeltlikeswimming（orcrying）；burstoutcrying（orlaughing）．j．Thismeasuremeanschangingthewholesystem．Thevisitentailedbuyinggiftsforchildren．Theplanincludesbuildingachurch．Moneyjustifiesdoingevil．Thisproposalinvolvesincreasingtheschoolfee．Thisimpliedcondemninghimtodeath．ThenewsystemfacilitatespronouncingChinesecharacters．Thebirthofanotherbabynecessitatedearningmore．Thisprovokes（orexcites）vomiting（orcrying）．12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语有些及物动词后动名词的前面须有意义上的主语，正像上面的某些句子所表现的：Icannotapprovehis（orhim）behavinglikethat．（用him的时候比用his时更多一些。）Motherwelcomedtheir（them）visitingherathervilla．Iprotesthis（orhim）treatingmelikeaslave．Ioftenpicturemyselflivingabeautifullife．Idenouncedanybody"s（oranybody）tellinglies．DennisannouncedGreg"s（orGreg）gettingmarried．WeapplaudAda"s（orAda）makingsowiseadecision．在某些动词后可跟therebeing这种结构：Idoubttherebeinganymistake．Headmittedtherebeingsomemistakes．Hedidn"tmindtherebeinganywildbeaststhere．1388在上面所举动词之后不可用不定式：Ienjoytoeatbananas．（错句）Heavoidedtomeether．（错句）14．S＋TV＋IorG（Johnlikedtoswimorswimming．）约有50个动词既可用不定式也可用动名词作宾语：a．Icannotendure（orbear，stand）tobe（orbeing）cheated．Weproposed（orintended，planned，designed，purposed）toabolish（orabolishing）theoutdatedrules．12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Heattemptedtoget（orgetting）ridofallthebeggars．Heforboretosay（orsaying）anythingagainstanybody．Heneglected（oromitted）topay（orpaying）thefee．b．Shestartedtocry（orcrying）beforegettinghurt．Hedeclinedtospeak（orspeaking）attheparty．Hecontinued（ordiscontinued）tostay（orstaying）there．Idread（orfear）toclimb（orclimbing）themountain．Weneedtolearn（orlearning）something．Hescornedtocheat（orcheating）anyone．有一些动词，在某些上下文中需用不定式作宾语，在另一些上下文中需用动名词作宾语：a．He（表示人的主语）begantocry，toeat，todance（orcrying，eating，dancing）．It（表示物的主语）begantoboil（ortorain，tomove）（而不说boiling，raining，moving）．He（人）ceasedtowrite（orwriting）．It（物）ceasedtoharden（而不说hardening）．（不过有些作家不承认这一差别）b．Hebegantoknowit（ortoloveit，toseeit，tounder-stand，tofeelsad，tobesuspected）．（而不说knowingit，lovingit，etc．）（在表示一种被动的心理状态时，begin可用不定式作宾语，而不用动名词作宾语。）Hegot（orgrew．became）（=began）toknow（ortobelieve，tocarefor）her．但是：Theygot（=began）quarrelling（ortalking，laughing，playing）．（美式英语）c．Ipreferstudyingmusicto（介词）doingbusiness．Iprefertostudymusicratherthan（to）do（不定式）business．另一些动词用不定式作宾语和用动名词作宾语意义不同：12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语a．Youmuststopthinking（=notthinkanymore）；stoptothink（=stopdoingsomethingelseandbegintothink）．Heforgotmeeting（orhavingmet）youatahotel（=hadmetyoubutforgotit）；forgottomeetyou（=oughttohavemetyou，butdidnotdoso）；remembered（orre-called，recollected）going（orhavinggone）tothepictureswithher（=rememberedthathehadgone）；willremembertoposttheletter（buthasnotyetpostedit）．b．Iregrettedtelling（orhavingtold）youthesadstory（=regrettedthatIhadtoldit；regrettotellyou（=regretthatIhavetotellyou）thatyoursonisverynaughty．Youmusttryeating（=eatforthefirsttime）thedurian；musttry（=makeefforts）tofinishthisworkbeforeSunday．Shecannothelp（=cannothelpothers）topreparethemeal；cannothelp（=cannotrefrainfrom）laughing．c．Hewentonteachinglessonfive（=didn"tstopafterteachingsomepartoflessonfive）；wentontoteachlessonfive（=beganteachinglessonfiveafterfinishinglessonfour．）Ilike（ordislike，love，hate）swimming（orstudyingthecurrentevents）（habit）；should（orwould）like（orlove，prefer）toswiminthisplace（ortodrinkcoffee）．（onerecentact）Ibegantounderstand（ortosee）mymistake（被动心理状态），startedsellingcoffeeyearsago．（主动的活动）。注意避免连续使用2个-ing形式或两个不定式：Heisbeginningtowork（而不是working）．Heistryingtodoit（而不是doingit）．Heseemstolikeplaying（而不是toplay）tennis．It"snecessarytostartorganizing（不要说toorganize）anewparty．约有10个及物动词可用被动形式的不定式或主动形式的动名词作宾语：Yourworkneedscorrecting（ortobecorrected）．12www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Thisbabywantslookingafter（ortobelookedafter）．Itrequireswashing（ortobewashed）．Hislanguagewouldnotbearrepeating（ortoberepeated）．Itwon"tbearthinkingof（ortobethoughtof）．Thecolourwillnotstandwashing（ortobewashed）．Itdefiesexplaining（ortobeexplained）．Thecomplicatedsituationforbadeanalysing（ortobeanalysed）．Hedeservedpunishing（ortobepunished）．比较下面句子：Theworkisworthdoing（orworthytobedone）．Thisplanisworthcarryingout（orworthytobecarriedout）．12www.jnworld.cn