2019年高考英语语法填空考点梳理和练习 9页

语法填空高考解读语法填空题每小题1.5分，共10小题，总分为15分。其命题特点如下：1、长度：200词左右的短文2、命题形式:有提示词填空（7个几无提示词填空（3个）3、主要的语法考点有提示词：名词，动词，形容词和副词,词性转化无提昴司：连词，冠词，代词，介词,特殊句式我們比任何時候都更接近夢想一效禺另语法填空考点梳理与练习有提示词考点梳理ATTENTIONPLEASE!语法填空作为高考英语的必考题型，主要考查我们的语法积累和运用能力。在积累了众多语法知识的基础上，相信同学们已经有了一些做这道题的能力和技巧，那怎么才能保证我们做这道题准确率高而且速度快呢？下面我们将对语法填空题型进行考点梳理。和高考的亲密接触给同学们10分钟的时间，一起来挑战一下吧！Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears1(long)thannon-runners・Youdon"havetorunfastorforlong2(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof3(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan"tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit4(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife5walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin20146showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall7(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwiseit"sprobablyrunning・Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto8(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes・Runningischeap,easyandit"salways9(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive1()atry.同学们能否总结出语法填空这个题型知识点考查的方向和重难点呢？针对 语法填空高考解读语法填空题每小题1.5分，共10小题，总分为15分。其命题特点如下：1、长度：200词左右的短文2、命题形式:有提示词填空（7个几无提示词填空（3个）3、主要的语法考点有提示词：名词，动词，形容词和副词,词性转化无提昴司：连词，冠词，代词，介词,特殊句式我們比任何時候都更接近夢想一效禺另语法填空考点梳理与练习有提示词考点梳理ATTENTIONPLEASE!语法填空作为高考英语的必考题型，主要考查我们的语法积累和运用能力。在积累了众多语法知识的基础上，相信同学们已经有了一些做这道题的能力和技巧，那怎么才能保证我们做这道题准确率高而且速度快呢？下面我们将对语法填空题型进行考点梳理。和高考的亲密接触给同学们10分钟的时间，一起来挑战一下吧！Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears1(long)thannon-runners・Youdon"havetorunfastorforlong2(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof3(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan"tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit4(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife5walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin20146showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall7(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwiseit"sprobablyrunning・Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto8(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes・Runningischeap,easyandit"salways9(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive1()atry.同学们能否总结出语法填空这个题型知识点考查的方向和重难点呢？针对 这个题型,同学们在做题的时候都会遇到什么问题？和小伙伴们一起讨论一下吧！考点—名词糾youngmanaskedSocratesthesecrettosuccess》Socratestoldtheyoungmantomeethimneartheriverthenextmorning.TheymetSocratesaskedtheyoungmantowalkwithhimtowardtheriver.Whenthewatergotuptotheirneck,Socratestooktheyoungmanbysurpriseandduckedhimintothewater.TheboystruggledtogetoutbutSocrateswasstrongandkepthimthereuntiltheboystartedturningblue.Socratespulledhisheadoutofthewaterandthefirstthingtheyoungmandidwastogaspandtakeadeepbreathofair.Socratesasked,"Whatdidyouwantthemostwhenyouwerethere?"Theboyreplied,"Air/"Socratessaid,"Thatisthesecrettosuccess.Whenyouwantsuccessasbadlyasyouwantedtheait;thenyouwillgetit.Thereisnoothersecret."考查内容(1)nandn并歹1」例如］:Hiskindnessand(achieve)impressedme.(2)(a/an/the)+adj+n例如］:The(express)inhiseyestoldmesomethingwaswrong.(3)介词+nSeveralproposalsareunder(consider).(4)形容词性物主代词+n(5)序数词+nItisthethird(describe)aboutthebird.many/severaI+可数名词复数much+不可数名词some/alotof/lotsof+可数名词复数/不可数名词名词变复数变化规律L—般情况,加・s;如map・maps2.以s,shzch,x等结尾的词,加・es;如:bus-buses3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词；变y为i再加es;如：baby-babies牛刀小试LFormostofusthe(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork.2.rdskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese(painting).3.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop(attract).4.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew(day)with hissister. ifseasyifyoutry讨论与总结同学们还记得常见的时态有哪几种吗？他们的基本结构分别是什么”和小伙伴们一起讨论一下吧！考查方向lxTom(play)footballyesterday.2、Isawtheboy(play)neartheriver.3XThestoryisvery(interest).如果括号中给的提示词是动词时，首先判定考查的是谓语动词、非谓语动词还是词性转换。考查内容—、谓语动词1.判定考查谓语动词的依据(1)逗号不能连接两个句子。例如I:Twoyearsago,hewenttotheGreatWall.(2)在一个简单句中，只能有一个谓语或并列谓语。例女Q:Hewalkedintotheclassroom.Hewalkedintotheclassroomandbeganhisclass.Hewalkedintotheclassroomwhistlingapopulartune.2.谓语动词考察方向：时态、语态.主谓一致⑴时态判断依据：①如果该空所在的句子中有时间状语，则依据时间状语判断相应的动词时态。例如：He(write)eightbookssofar.②如果该空所在的句子中有并列谓语，则保持并列谓语的时态一致。例如］:Hegotupearlyand(go)toschool.③如果上述两种情况都不存在时，则根据上下文的时态正确选择谓语动词的时态。(2)语态判断谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是主动还是被动关系,从而选择谓语动词语态是主动语态还是被动语态。被动语态谓语动词形式：bedone例如］:Alltheemployees(encourage)toworkonlineathome.(3)主谓一致①如果主语是单数,那么谓语动词也是单数;如果主语是复数,那么谓语动词是复数。②就近原则。通常使用就近原则的词组有or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,Therebe句型例如：EitheryouorI(be)happy.③就远原则。通常使用就远原则的词组有名词或代词+with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,ratherthan,as muchas‘but,expect例女[]:Tomaswellashisfriends(be)invitedtotheparty.总结:谓语动词时态.语态.主谓一致做题思路:1、要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词,2、要判断用哪一种时态3、要根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是被动语态4、要注意主谓一致，最后才能确定所填动词的形式。在确定谓语动词的时态时，我们可从三个方面来进行判断：1、看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句；2、在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时；3、根据上下文时态判断谓语动词时态牛刀小试1、Threepeople(take)toahospitalwhileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic.2、Atthattime,sodapopwassoldinbottles,andtheywerewashedand(fill)again.3、There(be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.4、Twoyearsago,thethreeofus(go)uptoMt.Lushan.5、ItwasraininglightlywhenI(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.二非谓语动词1.判定考查非谓语动词的依据：根据概念(在一个句子中,除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式称为非谓语动词)2.非谓语动词的形式及意义基本形式：todo表示将来、目的、主动变化形式：tobedone将来、被动doing表示进行、主动beingdone进行、被动done表示完成、被动havingdone完成、主动havingbeendone完成、被动3.非谓语动词的做题思路(1)判定是否是非谓语动词。(根据非谓语动词的概念)(2)找逻辑主语,分析逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的主动被动关系。(3)分析非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的时间先后关系。 (1)根据非谓语动词的基本形式和变化形式及其所表达的意义，判定岀最终非谓语动词的形式。4.非谓语动词的定搭配(1)doing做主语例女Q:playingwithhisfriendsmakeshimhappyeveryday.(2)onlytodo表示出人意料的结果例如:Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.(3)主语+be+adj+todo例如:Thecakeiseasytomake.(4)havetrouble/problems/difficulty+(in)doingsth/withsth(5)Ittakessbsometime/moneytodosth(6)跟todo形式作宾语(7)跟doing形式作主语(8)介词后加doing形式作宾语牛刀小试1.1enjoy(climb)mountainswheneverIcanfindthetimetodoso.2.1ttookyearsofwork(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.1.OnemorningzIwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout(be)lateforschool.2.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.3.Helentmesomemoney,(hope)thatIcouldhelphim.三、词性转换动词转换为名词.形容词或副词1.动词转换为名词(1.)nandn并列(2)(a/an/the)+adj+n(3)介词+n(4)形容词性物主代词+n(5)序数词+nmany/several+可数名词复数much+不可数名词some/alotof/lotsof+可数名词复数/不可数名词2.动词转换为形容词(1)形容词作表语(2)形容词作定语，修饰名词或代词例如：Shegaveusa(surprise)look.3.动词转换为副词，修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子。例如:(luck),hedidn"thurthimself. 文英Q909090909EnglishTonguetwister来说一下英文的绕口令吧,看谁说的最流利!1.BettyandBobbroughtbackblueballoonsfromthebigbazaar.Betty和Bob从大杂货店市场上买了蓝气球。2.Chopshopsstockchops.印章店备有印章。3.Fewfreefruitfliesflyfromflames.没有几只果蝇从火焰中飞过去。4.whatashamesuchashapelysashshouldsuchshabbystitchesshow?这么有形的腰带却用这么破旧的缝线，多丢人啊。5.Nevertroubleabouttrouble,untiltroubletroublesyou.从不自找麻烦,直到麻烦来麻烦你。牛刀小试1.Whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir(able).2.Thereare(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation.3.Nowpeoplearestill(interest)inNessie.4.Youwillbe(surprise)tofindyou7regainingweight.考点三形容词、副词考查方向1、形容词、副词的判定及两者之间的词性转化2、形容词、副词的比较级、最高级形容词使用情况：修饰名词、代词或者放在系动词之后作表语副词使用情况：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子形容词变副词规律1•一般情况下直接加"Y；如：quick-quickly,2.以辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y;女［］:possible-possibly;probable-probably;incredible-incredibly3.以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i加ly;如happy・happily;heavy-heavily4.少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加・ly;如true-truly形容词比较级■最高级变化规律1单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加和・est构成；如：tall—taller—tallest2以e结尾的单词加r/st;如wide-wider—widest3以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，把y变为i,再加er/est;女□:busy-busier-busiest4以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的单词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er/est;如big-bigger-biggest5部分双音节词，多音节词在词前面加more或most;此较级more+adj;最高级most+adj)如］:interesting-moreinteresting-mostinteresting不规则变化good/well-better-best bad/ill-worse-worstmany/much-more—mostlittle/few-less-leastfar—farther/further—farthest/furthest牛刀小试1.Abercrombie&KentzatravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.2.Theriverwassopollutedthatit(actual)caughtfireandburned.3.Fansfromaroundtheworldgathered(cheerful)tocelebratetheirloveofHelloKitty.4.Thesecretaryarranged(convenienee)timeandplacefortheapplicantstohaveanInterview.5.AstheChineseoldsayinggoes:"Itis(good)totraveltenthousandmilesthantoreadtenthousandbooks."相信大家在经过了语法填空的考点梳理之后，做题已经游刃有余了，给同学们10分钟的时间，来做一下下面的题吧！举一反三1.WhatI"velearnedovertheyearsisthatlearningtoaccepteachother"sfaultsisoneofthemostimportant(key)tocreatingahealthy,growingandlastingrelationship.2.Takingashoweroften(need)alotofwater.3.She(work)forsevenmonthsatachildcarecenterintheHarlemareaofNewYorkcitywhenshewas20vearsold.4.Shortlyafterheborrowedthisbook,he.(call)toLondontocontinuehisresearch・2.Yangshuo(be)reallybeautiful3.You"dbetterwritedownherphonenumberbeforeyou(forget)it.4.Manychildrenaroundtheworldliveintheareaswhereadults(regular)smoke.5.Childrenwithparentswhosmokehavesmallerlungsand(many)illnesses・6.Onepeoplewaskilled,andseveralwere(serious)hurt.7.WetriedourbesttoclimboutbutthenIsawthatoneofmychildrenwas(miss)・8.Pleaseanswerthequestion(use)anotherway.12Werehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision(make)atthemeetingwillinflueneethefutureofourcompany.