英语语法讲解与训练 9页

英语语法讲解与训练一、名词复数规则   1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds   2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches   3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries   4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives   5．不规则名词复数：   man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice   child-children   foot-feet,.tooth-teeth   fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese   写出下列各词的复数   I_________him________this___________her______   watch_______child______diary______   day________foot________book_______dress________   tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____   thief_______yo-yo______peach______sandwich______   man______woman_______paper_______juice___________   water________milk________rice__________tea__________ 二、一般现在时   一般现在时基本用法介绍   　　【No.1】一般现在时的功能   　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。   　　2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。   　　3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。   　　一般现在时的构成   　　1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：   　　Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。   　　2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：   　　WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。   　　当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。   　　一般现在时的变化   　　1.be动词的变化。   　　否定句：主语+be+not +其它。   　　如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。   　　一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。   　　如：-Areyouastudent?   　　　　-Yes.Iam./No,I"mnot.   　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?   　　2.行为动词的变化。   　　否定句：主语+don"t(doesn"t)+动词原形(+其它)。如：   　　Idon"tlikebread.   　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn"t构成否定句。如：   　　Hedoesn"toftenplay.   　　一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：   　　-Doyouoftenplayfootball?   　　-Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.   　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：   　　-Doesshegotoworkbybike?   　　-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn"t.   　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?   动词+s的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks   2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes   3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies   一般现在时用法专练:   一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数   drink________go_______stay________make________   look_________have_______pass_______carry____   come________watch______plant_______fly________   study_______brush________do_________teach_______   二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。   1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.   2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.   3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.   4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.   5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?   6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?   7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?   8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.   9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.   10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.   11.Mike_______(like)cooking.   12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.   13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.   14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomework well.   15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.   16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.   17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.   18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.   19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.   20.－Whatday_______(be)ittoday?   －It’sSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子   1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)   ___________________________________________________   2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)   ________________________________________________________   3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)   ___________________________   4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)   ___________________________________________________   5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)   _______________________________________________________   6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)   ___________________________________________________   7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)   ________________________________________________________   8.JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)   ___________________________________________________   9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)   ________________________________________________________   10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句)   ___________________________________________________   五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)   1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?__________________   2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________   3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.__________________ 4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.__________________   5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________ 三、现在进行时   1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。   2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.   3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。   4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。   5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：   疑问词不达意+be+主语+动词ing?   但疑问词当主语时其结构为：   疑问词不达意+be+动词ing?    动词加ing的变化规则   1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking   2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting   3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping   现在进行时专项练习：   一、写出下列动词的现在分词：   play________run__________swim_________make__________   go_________like________write_________ski___________   read________have_________sing________dance_________   put_________see________buy_________love____________   live_______take_________come________get_________   stop_________sit________begin________shop___________   二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：   1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.   2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.   3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.   4.What_____you______(do)now?   5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.   6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.   7.Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.   8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.   9.It’s5o’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow   10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.   三、句型转换：   1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)   _____________________________________________________________   _____________________________________________________________   2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)   _________________________________________________________________   _________________________________________________________________   3．I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)   _________________________________________________________________   4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)   _________________________________________________________________ 四、将来时理论及练习   一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。    二、基本结构：①begoingto+do；②will+do.   三、否定句：在be动词（am,is,are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。   例如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.   四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。   例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?   五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。   1.问人。Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.   2.问干什么。What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethis   afternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.   3.问什么时候。When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoing   tobed?   六、同义句：begoingto=will   Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.   练习：   填空。   1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。   I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.   I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.   2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。   What___________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.   What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.   3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。   _____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?   Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.   4.你们打算什么时候见面。   Whattime_______you___________________meet?   改句子。   5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）   Nancy________goingtogocamping.   6.I’llgoandjointhem.（改否定）   I_______go______jointhem.   7.I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）   _______________________togetupat6:30tomorrow?   8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat 10:30.（改一般疑问句）   _______________meetatthebusstopat10:30.   9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（对划线部分提问）   _______________she_________________________afterschool?   10.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)   __________________goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.   用所给词的适当形式填空。   11.Todayisasunnyday.We___________________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.   12.Mybrother_______________(go)toShanghainextweek.   13.Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________(go)toschoolbybike.   14.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually__________(watch)TVand____________(catch)insects?   15.It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_________(do)thisweekend?She______________(watch)TVand_____________(catch)insects.   16.What___________(d0)youdolastSunday?I____________(pick)applesonafarm.What______________(do)nextSunday?I______________(milk)cows.   17.Mary____________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.   18.LiuTao____________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.   19.David______________(give)apuppetshownextMonday.   20.I________________(plan)formystudynow 五、一般过去时   1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。   2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：   ⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasn’t）   ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=weren’t）   ⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。   3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子   否定句：didn’t+动词原形，如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.   一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。   如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?   特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？   如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?   ⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？   如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?   动词过去式变化规则：   1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked   2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted    3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped   4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied   5．不规则动词过去式：      am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat   过去时练习   写出下列动词的过去式   isam_________fly_______plant________are________   drink_________play_______go________make________   does_________dance________worry________ask_____   taste_________eat__________draw________put______   throw________kick_________pass_______do________ Be动词的过去时练习（1）   Name____________No.______Date__________   一、用be动词的适当形式填空   1.I_______atschooljustnow.   2.He________atthecamplastweek.   3.We________studentstwoyearsago.   4.They________onthefarmamomentago.   5.YangLing________elevenyearsoldlastyear.   6.There________anappleontheplateyesterday.   7.There________somemilkinthefridgeonSunday.   8.Themobilephone_______onthesofayesterdayevening.   二、句型转换   1.Itwasexciting.   否定句：________________________________________________   一般疑问句：____________________________________________   肯、否定回答：__________________________________________2.Allthestudentswereveryexcited.   否定句：________________________________________________   一般疑问句：____________________________________________   肯、否定回答：__________________________________________   3.Theywereinhispocket.   否定句：________________________________________________   一般疑问句：____________________________________________   肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ Be动词的过去时练习（2）   Name____________No.______Date__________   一、用be动词的适当形式填空   1.I______anEnglishteachernow.   2.She_______happy yesterday.   3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.   4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.   5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.   6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.   7.There________asignonthechaironMonday..   8.Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children’sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.   二、句型转换   1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.   否定句：________________________________________________   一般疑问句：____________________________________________   肯、否定回答：__________________________________________   肯、否定回答：__________________________________________   三、中译英   1．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。   ___________________________________________________________   2．他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。   ___________________________________________________________   3．一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。   ___________________________________________________________行为动词的过去时练习（1）   Name____________No.______Date__________   一、用行为动词的适当形式填空   1.He_________(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.   2.Thecat________(eat)abirdlastnight.   3.We_______(have)apartylastHalloween.   4.Nancy________(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.   5.I________(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.   6.They________(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.   7.Mymother_______(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.   8.Thegirls________(sing)and_______(dance)attheparty.   二、句型转换   1.SuHaitooksomephotosattheSportsday.   否定句：________________________________________________   一般疑问句：____________________________________________   肯、否定回答：__________________________________________2.Nancywenttoschoolearly.   否定句：________________________________________________   一般疑问句：____________________________________________   肯、否定回答：__________________________________________   3.WesangsomeEnglishsongs.   否定句：________________________________________________   一般疑问句：____________________________________________    肯、否定回答：__________________________________________行为动词的过去时练习（2）   Name____________No.______Date__________   一、用be动词的适当形式填空   1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.   2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.   3.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.(go)   4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?   5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.   6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.   7.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother______.   8.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She__________(find)abeautifulbutterfly.   二、句型转换   1.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.   否定句：________________________________________________   一般疑问句：____________________________________________   肯、否定回答：__________________________________________   三、中译英   1.格林先生去年住在中国。   ________________________________________________________   2.昨天我们参观了农场。   ________________________________________________________   3.他刚才在找他的手机。   ________________________________________________________