中考英语语法讲座 22页

教考资源网助您教考无忧座中考英语语法讲座这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。一、名词关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。┌单数---可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a可数名词名词的根据数└复数不可数名词1.复数的构成方法：(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country--countries。请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s如：monkey--monkeys。(4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es构成复数。(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，如：knife--knives。2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish—fish,Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot--feet(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen请区别：German(德国人)--Germans(3)child—children4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子)glasses(眼镜),这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。如：Myclothesare(be)newerthanyours.5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理)Nonewsisgoodnews.6.可用howmany，many，afew，few，alotof，lotsof，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。Howmanyarethereinyourpencil-box?(knife)不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。 如：Somebreadoverthere.(be)3.常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等来修饰不可数名词。4.常用apieceof,acupof等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：twopiecesofbread请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果threeboxesofapples例：1、Thesetwopiecesofbreadareoverthere.(be)2、CouldIhavethree,please？A.pieceofbread  B..pieceofbreads  C.piecesofbread   D.piecesofbreads名词的格名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“"s”。如：Tom→Tom"s译为“…的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“"”即可。如：Teachers"Day,twoweeks"holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加"s。如：Children"sDay关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如：myaunt"s我姑姑家。gotothedoctor"s去医生家。2.表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加"s如：LucyandLily"s露西和莉莉的3.掌握词组：agirloffive一个五岁的女孩afriendofmine我的一个朋友eg;ThewhiteshirtisandblueoneisA、Kate,my  B.Kate"s,mine  C.Kate,mine  D.Kate"s,my二、冠词冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，中考也会体现这一点。归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点：1.冠词指不定冠词a,an和定冠词the版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：anhour,anEnglishcar.  请区别：ausefulmachine3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：thesun,themoon,theearth5.定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：thefirst,thebest,inthesouth6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。如：TheBrownsaregoingtoShanghaiforaholidaythissummer.7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：inthebox,behindthechair8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：insummer,inAugust请区别：inthespringof1945.(这里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。 如：havebreakfast,playfootball(3)一些固定词组中，如：gotobed,gotoschool,bybus,,atnight.9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：infrontof在…前面      inthehospital在医院里    inthefrontof在…范围内的前部     inhospital(生病)住院There"s800-metre-longroadbehindhospital.A.an,an      B.a,a      C.an,the      D.a,the三、数词同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。1.基数词变序数词。其规律为：1,2,3特殊记，加th从4起(first,second,third,fourth)8少t，9去e，千万别忘记(eighth,ninth)逢5逢12，ve变f(fifth,twelfth)20到90，y要变ie(twentieth,ninetieth)若是几十几，前基后序别倒位(ninety-first)2.hundred,thousand,million在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。  如：fivehundredpeople.版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。hundredsof数以百计的，成百上千的thousandsof数以千计的，成千上万的millionsof数百万的这些词组前不能用具体数字。3.序数词常与定冠词the连用。eg:HenryhaslearnedeightFrenchwordsthisyear.A.hundred    B.hundreds   C.hundredof   D.hundredsofThelessonisthemostdifficultoneinBookTwo.(twenty)另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。顺读法(钟点＋分钟) 如：4:30fourthirty4:45fourforty-five4:15fourfifteen倒读法(分钟＋to／past＋钟点)如：4:30halfpastfour4:15fifteenpastfour／aquarterpastfour4:45fifteentofive／aquartertofive练习题1.Atthebeginningofthe_______(twenty)century,theworld"spopulationwasabout1700million.2.Arethese_____(watch)yours?Yes.3.Youdon"tlookwell.You"dbettergotothe______(doctor)atonce.4.Wouldyougiveme________,please?A.twopapers   B.twopieceofpaper   C.twopiecesofpaper   D.twopiecesofpapers5.Therearethree_____andseven____inthepicture.A.monkeys,sheeps  B.monkeys,sheep  C.monkies,sheep  D.monkies,sheeps6.Alotof____aretalkingwithtwo_______.A.Germans,Frenchmans  B.Germen,Frenchmans  C.German,Frenchmen  D.Germans,Frenchmen7.June1is______________.版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧A.theChildren"sDay  B.theChildrens"Day C.Children"sDay  D.Childrens"Day思考题1.__________peoplewentouttoseewhathadhappened.A.ThousandsofB.ThreethousandofC.ThousandofD.Threethousands2.Wehavebeenintheschoolfor______.A.threeandahalfmonth        B.threeandahalfmonthsC.threemonthandahalf         D.threemonthsandhalf3._____Englishis_____usefullanguage.A.A,an      B./,a      C.The,an      D.A,/四、代词(一)人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。如：⑴Thesebooksaren"tours.    Oursarenew.(这里ours=ourbooks)   ⑵Thisisnotourroom.    Oursisoverthere.(这里ours=ourroom)3."of+名词性物主代词"表示所属如：asisterofhis他的一个妹妹   afriendofmine我的一个朋友4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如：You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime(过得很愉快)byoneself=alone(单独、独自)helponeselfto…(随便吃/喝些...)learnsth.byoneself =teachoneselfsth.(自学)练习题1.-Whosetrousersarethese?    -_____,Ithink.A.They B.Their  C.Theirs  D.Them2.Nobodytaught___English. Hetaught____.A.him,himself  B.his,himself  C.him,byhimself  D.his,his（二）修饰可数词manyfew表否定意义afew表肯定意义修饰不数名词muchlittle表否定意义alittle表肯定意义few和little与quite或only连用时，常加不定冠词a.如:Therearequiteafewnewbooksinthelibrary.用little,alittle,few,afew填空:1.IoftenstayathomebecauseIhave_______friendshere.2.Jim,don"tgoandgetsomewater.Thereis______waterintheglass.3.ThoughhelearnedFrenchonly________weeks.Hecanspeakverywell.4.Lilyhad_________breadbecauseshewashungryyesterday.（三）不定代词:something,anything,nothing.当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。如：somethingnewThere"s____intoday"snewspaper.中考题A.importantanything    B.importantsomethingC.anythingimportant    D.somethingimportant(四)另外，代词some,every,all,both,either,another1.some（一些，某）一般用于肯定句中   注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。any（任何）多用于疑问句和否定句①Willyougivemesomewater?版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧②Wouldyoulikesomemeat?③MayIasksomequestions?④CouldIhavesomeapples?2.every＋单数名词“每一个”强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。each“每一个”强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。如：Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.Everychildlikesplayinggames.3.all“(全部)都”表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。 none“没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of如：WeareallfromCanada.=AllofusarefromCanada.Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.（单、复数均可）4.both“（两者）都”作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。如：Theybothswimwell. ＝Bothofthemswimwell.Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.=Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.NeitherofusisgoingtoBeijingnextweekNeitheranswerisright.5.another+单数名词,“另一个”  one…theother“一个……，另一个……”theother+复数名词=theothers“其他的人或物”（指确定范围内剩下的全部）others“别人”(五)疑问代词5个“wh”,即who,whose,whom,what,which这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which.I"mgoingtotaketheskirtontheright.(97中考题)________________areyougoingtotake?五、形容词副词大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧原级：比较级：比较...，更...一些最高级：最...（A）1.构成：(规则情况)情   况变化方法例         词单音节词和少数双音节词:一般情况加er,estclever-cleverer-cleverest以字母e结尾加r,stnice-nicer-nicest重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加er,estbig-bigger-biggest以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加er,estearly-earlier-earliest部分双音节和多音节词在词前加more,mostslowly-moreslowly-mostslowly2.不规则变化，须熟记：good/well-better-best     many/much-more-most   far-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-worse-worst    little-less-least(B)常见的使用情况1.as…as…和...一样（中间用原级）2.notas(so)…as和...不一样（中间用原级）3…than…...比...（用比较级）4.有范围修饰的用最高级      如:in,of,among或用从句修饰的eg.⑴Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.⑵ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.5.比较级+and+比较级意为“越来越…...”eg:wetterandwettermoreandmorebeautiful6.The+比较级，the+比较级越…...就越…...eg:Themore,thebetter.越多越好(C)注意点：1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。2.可用much,alittle,even,still等修饰比较级。3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。eg:TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.(D)掌握三种同义句转换：版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧1.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Heisthetallest(student)inhisclass.2.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone.=Thisfilmisn"tasinterestingasthatone.=Thatfilmismoreinterestingthanthisone.3.IprefermathstoEnglish.=IlikemathsbetterthanEnglish.96中考题：Whichdoyoulike_____,fish,meat_____eggs?A.best,orB.better,orC.best,andD.better,and此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握：1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词enough属例外词：形/副+enoughtodoenough+名词eg;sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.她够上学的年龄了。3.区别几组易混淆的副词:也too用于肯定、疑问句also较为正式书面语either用于否定句已经already常用于肯定句、疑问句yet常用于否定句、疑问句不再no(notany)longer从时间上讲no(notany)more从动作上讲如此这样such修饰名词eg:suchabigboxso修饰形容词、副词eg:sobig单独、独自alone作表语=byoneself孤独的lonely可作表语、定语eg:Agroupofgirlsaresinginganddancing______overthere.(happy)练习题版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧1.Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark. Somearedrawingbythelake._____areclimbingthehill.A.Others B.Other C.Another D.Theother2.Thereisn"t_____intoday"snewspaper.A.importantsomething  B.importantanythingC.anythingimportant  D.nothingimportant3.-Whosewatchisthis,Mary?Isityoursister"s? -No,Mum.It"snot______.It"s______.A.hers,my B.her,my C.Mine,hers D.hers,mine思考题1.TheChangjiangRiveristhethird_____riverintheworld.A.long B.longer C.longest D.thelongest2.Anelephantis_____thanahorse.A.morestrong B.muchstronger C.themoststrong D.muchmorestrong3.Whichdoyoulike_____,tea,orangeorwater?A.good B.Well C.Better D.Best六、介词1．与形容词搭配的词组有：beafraidof（怕）beangrywith（生某人的气）beawayfrom（不在某地）bedifferentfrom（与…不同）begoodat（善于）begood/badfor(对…有益/有害)beinterestedin（对…感兴趣）belatefor（迟到）be/getreadyfor（为作好准备）besureof(对…有把握)beworriedabout（为…感到担忧）2．介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式1)Youmusttakegoodcareofher.2)Thankyouforteachingussowell.版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧3．几组易混淆的介词A．“在...之后”in+一段时间（用于一般将来时）after+一段时间（用于一般过去时）after+一点时间（常用于一般将来时）如：Thebabystoppedcryingafterhalfanhour.Thebabywillstopcryinginhalfanhour.TheywillvisittheirteacherafterFriday.B．for+一段时间since+过去的一点时间这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。C．bemadeof"用……制成"bemadein“由某地制造”bemadebysomebody“由某人制成”D．in,on,at表时间in“在某月(季节、年)等”eg:in1996,inJanuary,insummer固定词组：inthemorning,inaweek,inaminute,intime,intheendon"用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等"eg:onChristmasDay,onthenightofFebruary16at“用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”固定词组：atseven,atthemoment,atnight,atlast,atfirst,atnoon,attimes,atonce,atthistimeoftheyear,atthebeginningof,attheendofthismonth,atthesametime注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next,last,this,that,tomorrow,yesterday,one,every,all以及thedaybeforeyesterday和thedayaftertomorrow前不用介词。  如:不能说intomorrow,只能说tomorrow在明天E.except+宾格/doingsomething"除…之外”（不包括本身）EveryoneisatschooltodayexceptLinTao.(同义句转换)=OnlyLinTaoisn"tatschooltoday.F．“用”通过交通工具byplane用语言inEnglish通过媒介on/overthetelephone, on/overtheradio, onTV用工具手段withapen,withone"shandsG．between“在~和~（两者）之间”版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧between...and...,betweenthetwo...among在...之间(三者或三者以上)eg.Suespentovertwohours____herhomeworkyesterdayevening.A.on  B.with  C.at  D.over七、连词1．并列连词both…and既~又~谓语用复数动词neither…nor既不~也不~含否定意义，（就近原则）谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。either…or… “或者…或者…”“不是…就是…”and“和” 连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时,两个动词时态应一致。but“但是”表转折，不能与though同时出现在句中。or“或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列举常用or，而不用and。eg:Ihavebrothersandsisters.(否)Idon"thavebrothersorsisters.=Ihavenobrothersandnosisters.2．引导宾语从句的连词陈述句：that可省略一般疑问句：if/whether“是否”特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词3．引导原因状从的有：because(不能与so同时出现在句中)4．引导时间状语从句的连词：A.when（当…时候），assoonas…（一…就），not…until（直到…才），after（在…之后），引导的主从复合句，主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。eg:Iwon"tleaveuntilhecomesback.B.since（自从…以来）引导的主从复合句，主句为现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。eg：Wehaven"tmeteachothersincesheleftherelastyear.C.while（当…时候，一边…一边…）它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。eg:MyfathercameinwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.5．引导条件状语从句的连词：版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧if “如果”，引导条件状从，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。请区别于if“是否”相当于whether，引导宾语从句，时态根据语境确定eg:1)Idon"tknowifit(rain)tomorrow.2)Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,I_____________(notclimb)thehills.3)JoanandMaryhaven"tseeneachother___theyleftschoolfiveyearsago. A.as  B.before  C.after  D.since八、动词可以分为四类：实义动词（或称行为动词）连系动词、情态动词以及助动词。一、实义动词（行为动词）1.不及物动词:不能直接跟宾语,常须加了介词后方能加宾语如:lookat(for,after),getto(on),operateon,hearof,hearfrom,pointto(at),worryabout,knockat,playwith,thinkabout等2.及物动词:后面必须跟宾语,意义才完整在及物动词+副词构成动副搭配时,代词放中间这一点同学们常易忘记,故应特别加以记忆。如:turnon(√)turnontheradio(√)turntheradioon(√)turnonit(×)turniton(√)常见的动副搭配的词组有：puton,pickup,lookup,wakeup,tryon,writedown,moveaway,takeaway等3.注意行为动词的几种变化形式原形     enjoy第三人称单数enjoys过去式enjoyed过去分词enjoyed现在分词enjoying象过去式，过去分词，同学们须熟记初中所学的不规则动词变化表。现在分词的变化方法，一般是直接在动词后加ing，有几个特殊的可加以记忆：lie-lying,die-dying要双写的单词有：一个m(swim-swimming)一个g(dig-digging)三个n(run-running,win-winning,begin-beginning)三个p(stop-stopping,shop-shopping,drop-dropping)版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧还有六个t(sit-sitting,hit-hitting，get-getting,let-letting,put-putting,forget-forgetting)同学们特别应注意forget,begin这种双音节单词。另外，eat,wait这两个词不是重读闭音节，故不能双写加ing，这也是同学们易犯的错误。4.请区别几组易混淆的同义动词第一组look-see-watch-readlook看lookatthebirdsee看见seeafilmwatch观看、注视watchTV，watchafootballmatchread读，阅读readabook，readnewspapers第二组say-speak-talk-tellsay说（不及物动词）①saytosb.,(后跟引语)  ②sayitagain(后常跟it)speak讲，发言（不及物动词）①speakatthemeeting ②learntospeak  ③speakEnglishtalk谈话（不及物动词）①talkaboutsth.(谈论某事) ②talkwithsb.(和某人交谈)tell告诉，讲（及物动词）①tellsb.todosth./tellsb.nottodosth.②tellsb.aboutsth.(后常跟某人)③tellthetime“报时”/tellastory“讲故事”用say,speak,talk,tell的适当形式填空：1.Canyou＿＿＿＿Japanese?2.Theteacher＿＿＿usnottoplayinthestreet.3.Wouldyouplease＿＿itinEnglish?4.Whatareyou＿＿＿＿about?第三组borrow-lendborrow借进（短暂动词）①borrowsth.(借某物)②borrowsth.fromsb.(向某人借某物）如MayIborrowyourbike?Mineisbroken.lend借出（短暂动词）版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧lendsb.sth. =lendsth.tosb.(把某物借给某人)如:Youmustn"tlendittoothers.keep借（一段时间），常与一段时间的时间状语连用，为延续性动词。如:HowlongmayIkeepit?第四组bring-takebring带来（表示从远处拿到说话的地点来），常与here,me搭配如：Pleasebringmyhattometomorrow.take带走（表示从说话地点拿到远处去），常与there,away搭配如：Takeyourraincoatwithyou.It"sgoingtorain.第五组listen-hearlisten听不及物，常与介词to连用如:Ilistenedcarefully,butheardnothing.Hear听到及物后直接跟宾语hearfromsb收到某人的来信如:Jim"smotherhaven"theardfromhimforalongtime.hearof听说如:Haveyouheardofthenews?第六组lookfor-find-findoutlookfor寻找（强调动作）find找到发现（强调结果）如:Welookedforhimeverywherebutdidn"tfindhim.findout查明（通过调查研究找到事实的真相）如:Canyoufindoutwhobrokethewindow?第七组puton-wear-dressputon穿上（强调动作）如:It"scoldoutside.Pleaseputonyourcoat.wear穿着（强调状态）如:Lucyiswearingabluesweatertoday.dress打扮，给...穿衣服①dresssb./oneself给某人（或自己）穿衣服②getdressed穿好衣服③dressup打扮穿上盛装”如:Sheoftendressesupinaredskirt.第八组forget-leaveforget忘了某物如:Iforgottotellyouaboutit.版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧leave把某物忘在某地如:Kateleftherkeytoherroomathome.5．有些及物动词后可以跟双宾语即直接宾语（表物）和间接宾语（表人），间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前，若颠倒两者的位置，则通常在间接宾语前加一个介词（to或for）。1）2)drawsth.forsb.passsth.tosb.makesth.forsb.givesth.tosb.mendsth.forsb.lendsth.tosb.buysth.forsb.showsth.tosb.getsth.forsb.bringsth.tosb.cooksth.forsb.takesth.tosb.keepsth.forsb.writesth.tosb.returnsth.forsb.sendsth.tosb.Eg: Howmuchdidyou____allthesethings?A.spend  B.give  C.cost  D.payfor二.连系动词eg:Hisgrandpahasbeen_____forovertenyears.(die)常见的连系动词有：be+adj./n.是，在become+n./adj.变成turn+adj.变得get+adj.变得grow+adj.长得keep+adj.保持着feel+adj.感到look+adj.看上去seem+adj./n.看起来好象smell+adj.闻起来fallasleep入睡三.情态动词1.can:能，会表示能力，相当于beableto。可以，表示许可，相当于may。can’tbe不可能版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧2.may:可以，可能，或许maybe可能请区别maybe副词可能3.must:必须，表示肯定的猜测mustbe准是，一定是4.could:比can语气更委婉，客气，并不表示过去时。5.注意回答形式：⑴MayI...?  Yes,youmay.No,youcan"t(mustn"t).⑵MustI...?  Yes,youmust.No,youneedn"t.6.must表示说话人的主观看法，haveto表示外界客观愿望,不得不。如:⑴Hermotherisill.Shehastostayathomeandtakecareofher.⑵Youmustlookafteryourclothes.7.should表示"应当，应该"，与疑问词连用表意外，惊奇。WhatshouldIdo?我该怎么办呢？8.will,would在交际用语中，would更客气，表邀请。Willyou...?...好吗？    Wouldyou...?四、助动词助动词有do,does,did,have,has,will,would等五、动词不定式形式：to+动词原形特点：1.无人称和数的变化。       2.在句中不能作谓语。      3.可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成不定式短语。1.使役动词:let,make感观动词:see,hear,watch,feel,notice之后必须使用省略to的动词不定式。如：⑴Nothingcouldmakehimgetangry.⑵Ioftenhearhersinginthemorning.2.hadbetter后使用省略to的动词不定式。如：Youhadbetterdoitbyyourself.3.It作形式主语，可用todo作真正的主语。版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧如:⑴Ittookmehalfanhourtofinishthework.⑵It"sbadforyoutoreadinbed.⑶It"sverykindofyoutohelpme.4.动词不定式常与特殊疑问词连用。如：⑴Hedidn"tknowwhentostart.⑵Wedon"tknowhowtogetthere.⑶Ican"tdecidewhichsweatertochoose.5.记住一些特殊结构：⑴Wouldlike/lovetodo想要做⑵Whynotdo?为什么不做⑶Helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事⑷It"stimetodosth.是干某事的时候了。⑸spend(in)doingsth.=Ittakessb.todosth.花费（时间）做某事⑹too...todosth.太...以致不能...⑺can"twaittodosth.等不及做某事,迫不及待做某事⑻stopdoingsth.停止做某事   stoptodosth.停下来开始做某事练习题1．--CanyouanswerthisquestioninEnglish?No,I_____.A.needn"t B.mustn"t C.maynot D.can"t2.Theteacherwantedus_____Exercise1,butyouletme______Exercise2.A.todo,do B.todo,todo C.do,todo D.do,do3.MissGreensawawallet_______onthegroundwhenshewalkedpasttheschoolgate.A.lie B.Lying C.lies D.tolie4.Whathaveyoudone_____themilk?I"vejust_____it.A.with,eaten B.for,eaten C.with,drunk D.for,drunk5.It"srathercoldtoday.You"dbetter_____moreclothesbeforeyougoout.A.puton B.wear C.toputon D.towear6.Theradio_______itwillgetwarmerlater.版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧A.says B.speaks C.talks D.tells7.Youmustbeverytired.Whynot_____arest?A.stophaving B.stoptohave C.tostophaving D.tostoptohave8.LiPingisyoung,buthe_____manyplacesofinterestinSouthChina.A.wentto B.hasbeenin C.hasgoneto D.hasbeento9.Mothertoldme_____inthesun.A.notread B.don"tread C.readnot D.nottoread10.Doyouoftenseeher________volleyballontheplayground?A.play B.played C.plays D.toplay11.─It"sfinetoday.Why______outforapicnic?  ─That"sagoodidea.A.notgo B.don"tgo C.tonotgo D.nottogo思考题1.Alicedidn"thearwhattheteachersaidjustnow,soshedoesn"tknowhow_______theproblem.A.do B.did C.todo D.doing2.Whenthelittleboy____someonecomingupstairs,hestopped_____.A.heard…crying B.listened…tocry C.heard…tocry D.listened…cry3.Annwasjustfalling______whenthetelephonerang.A.asleep B.sleep C.sleeping D.slept4.I______myrulerathome.CanIuseyours,please?A.forgot B.haveforgotten C.left D.haveleft5.Jim_____thegoodnewstohisclassmatesthismorning.A.spoke  B.told  C.said  D.talked版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧九、构词法eg:ToanAmerican,aChineseisa_____________.(foreign)前缀例词派生词un-“不”happyunhappylikeunlikeusualunusualfriendlyunfriendlyim-“不”possibleimpossible后缀例词派生词-er“人”teach/play/cleanteacher/player/cleanerdrivedriver（以e结尾，-r）runrunner（重读闭音节，双写-er)winwinnertraveltraveller-or“人”inventinventorvisitvisitor-ly（副词后缀）badbadlyquickquicklycarefulcarefullyhappyhappilydeepdeeplyluckyluckilyusualusuallynoisynoisilyslowslowlyangryangrilystrongstronglyquietquietly特例：true-truly   terrible-terriblypossible-possibly-ful（形容词后缀）carecarefulhelphelpfuluseusefulforgetforgetful-y（形容词后缀）rainrainyluckluckycloudcloudynoisenoisy（以e结尾，去e，加-y）snowsnowysunsunny（双写，加-y）windwindy-ion（名词后缀）版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧inventinventionoperateoperation-ness（名词后缀）busybusinessgoodgoodness一些特例：动词形容词动词现在分词转化为名词sleepasleepboatboatingdiedeadbuildbuildingenjoyenjoyablebeginbeginningcrosscrossing名词形容词meetmeetingfriendfriendlyturnturningsouthsouthernshopshoppingwoolwoolendangerdangerous动词过去分词转为形容词differencedifferentfryfriedworryworried动词名词breakbrokenknowknowledgeloselostflyflightpleasepleasedpleasepleasurecolourcoloured名词名词动词现在分词、过去分词转为形容词farmfarmer农夫followfollowinginterestinterested“感兴趣的”只作表语，仅用于beinterestedindevelopinteresting“有趣的”可作表语和定语developed“发达的”developing“发展中的”练习题1、Lucycanwritealetter___Japanesethoughshehaslearneditonlyafewmonths.A.from  B.to  C.in  D.with2、TheywillhaveanEnglishtest___twodays.A.for  B.at  C.in  D.after3、WuDongwasborn___theeveningofApril2,1975.版权所有@中国教育考试资源网 教考资源网助您教考无忧A.at  B.in  C.on  D.to4、Ihaven"theard_______her_____shelefthome.A.from,since  B.from,after  C.of,when  D.of,as5、Tomdidn"tknow___JackwouldleaveforBeijingtomorrow.A.how  B.weather  C.whether  D.what6、Hisparentswere_______(happy)becausehehadfailedtheexamagain.7、Mrs.Greenlikedtostay_____(safe)atthesameplace.8、The_______(visit)fromFrancearegoingtovisitourschoolthisafternoon.思考题1、Thefarmerwas___tired___hecouldn"tfallasleep.A.very…to  B.too…to  C.so…that  D.neither…nor2、Workhard,___youwon"tcatchupwiththeothers.A.but  B.and  C.if  D.or3、Thegameisvery___andshe"s___init.A.interesting,interesting  B.interested,interestedC.interested,interesting   D.interesting,interested版权所有@中国教育考试资源网