英语语法整理精选 81页

语法一====从句从句的做题思路======》判定是什么从句一、关于定语从句（前提：懂得判断是哪一种从句）1．修饰某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。2．连接词that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/asWhat/how><既起连接作用/有充当句子成分3．先行词n./pron---被定语从句修饰的根据先行词选择连接词物：which/that//whose人：who/whom/that/whose时间：when/which/that地点：where/which/thatReason:从句完整why/forwhich；从句不完整which/that/--Way:从句完整inwhich/that/--;从句不完整which/that/- Idon’tlikethewayinwhich/that/--youspeaktoyourparents.Hefoundthewaywhich/thatwasreasonabletosolvetheproblem.当先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（…的）物：whose+n.=ofwhich+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhich人：whose+n.=ofwhom+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhomTheroom,ofwhichthewindowfacessouthismine.Thegirl,whosefatherdiedisourmonitor.1．只能用that不能用which(重点前5种情况)（1）当先行词是不定代词，如all，everything，anything，nothing，much，few，little，none，theone等。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.（2）先行词被all,few，little，no，every 等词修饰时。Thereisnodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.（3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninJapanese.（4）先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.（5）当先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.（6）当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或连接词本身是从句的表语时。Chinaisn’tthecountrythatsheusedtobe50yearsago.（7）当主句是以who，which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop？ 1．永远不用that====介词/逗号之后2．当先行词是时间/地点时when/where/that/which/--When=介词+which=介词+时间Where=介词+which=介词+地点Which/that=时间/地点当从句完整时，用When/Where/介词+which当从句不完整时，用which/that/--e.g.Istillrememberthedaysthat/which/--wespentattheseasidelastsummer.Thisisthefactoryinwhich/wherehisparentsusedtowork.Thelibrary__where/inwhich_studentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.Thelibrary,_which/that__wasbuiltinthe1930s,needsrepairing.Thelibrary_which/that/--___youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.I’llneverforgettheday__when/on which_______wefirstmetinthepark.I’llneverforgetthetime_that/which/--________Ispentoncampus.I’llneverforgetthetime__that/which____wasspentwithyou.7.as与which的比较：（1）在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句.如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。Theyfailedintheexam，as/whichisnatural.Asisknowntoall，theearthmovesaroundthesun.（2）as“正如……，就像……”Which“这一点/这个/这件事”HepassedtheCollegeEntranceExamination,madehisparentsveryhappy.A.asB.whichC.thatD.itHeiscareless,whichcaused theaccident.Heislateagain,as/whichweexpected.8.当先行词被thesame，such，so修饰时，Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.同一类…………………….that………………………同一个Thiswassodifficultaproblemaswecouldn’tworkout.（后面句子不完整）Thiswassodifficultaproblemthatwecouldn’tworkitout.（后面句子完整）Thiswassuchadifficultproblem…………1.TheoldmanreturnedtoChina,heleft20yearsago.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.how2.–Whenisyourhusband’sbirthday? --Thesamedayofmybirthday,___Ican’tforget.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.it3.Let’sputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,__theweathermaybebetter.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.if4.MrGreendrovehiscarveryslowlyuntilhecametothefreeway,__thespeedlimitwas60milesanhour.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where.5.Thehours___thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipwithreal-lifepeople.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.onwhich6.Iknowtheboy____________yougavethebook____________.A.whom；toB.which；to C.towhom；toD.that；tohim7.Harbinistheveryplace____________I’manxioustopayavisit.A.thatB.whichC.onwhichD.towhich8.HaveyoubeentoHangzhou，____________WestLakeisthemostbeautifulinourcountry？A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.where9.Iknowthestudent____________youborrowedthepen.A.thatB.fromwhomC.fromwhichD.whom10.HereareplayersfromJapan，____________areouroldfriends.A.thatB.whereC.theyD.who 11.Theyarrivedatthefarmhouse，infrontof____________satasmallboy.A.theplaceB.itC.whichD.that12.Thatistheday____________I’llneverforget.A./B.onwhichC.inwhichD.when13.Theletterisfrommysister，____________isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.she14.Ilostabook，____________Ican’tremembernow.A.itstitleB.whosetitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary____________wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whatC.likeD.as16.HeisgoodatEnglish，____________ weallknow.A.thatB.asC.thisD.what17.I’llneverforgetthedays____________wespenttogetherinthecountryside.A.whenB.onwhichC.whichD.inwhich18.Thisisthebestfilm____________Ihaveeverseen.A.thatB.whichC.nowthatD.if19.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents____________fromShanghai.A.whoisB.whoareC.theyareD.thatcome20.MrScottisoneoftheforeignexpertswho____________inChina.A.worksB.isworkingC.areworkingD.hasbeenworking 21.I，who____________inAmerica，feelproudofbeingaChinese.A.isB./C.amD.being22.Theboyfailedintheexamagain，____________madehisparentsdisappointed.A.thatB.whichC.itD.what23.Thedoctorsandnursesdid____________theycouldtohelpthewounded.A.allwhatB.allwhichC.everythingwhatD.allthatTheydidall(thattheycoulddo)tohelptheboy.24.He’llneverforgetthepeopleandtheplace____________shevisitedinBeijinglastyear.A.thatB.whichC.whomD.where 25.Doyouknowthereason____________hewaslate？A.forwhatB.whichC.forwhichD.thatDoyoubelievethereasonhegaveforhisbeinglate?ACBDAADABDCACBDBCAACCBDAC定语从句练习　　I.Multiplechoices1.Guilinisthemostbeautifulplace_____everyoneallovertheworldwantstovisit?A.thatB.which　C.whatD.where2.Haseverything____canbedonebeendone?A.thatB.which　　C.whatD./3.Idon’tliketheway_____youspeakto her.A.whichB.inwhichC.inthatD.ofwhich4.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_____broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which5.TheSmithswillmoveintotheirnewhousenextWednesday,____itwillbecompletelyfinished.A.bywhichtimeB.bythetimeC.thatD.which6.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn"tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom7.Mrs.Brown,____departmentIwork,isafriendlywoman.A.whoseB.whichC.inwhoseD.inwhich8.Couldyousuggestatime__itwouldfit youtovisitusandtryoutthemachine?A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inthat9.Nextwinter,__youwillspendinHongKong,Iamsure,willbeanotherexcitingholiday.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.inwhich10.Isthistheresearchcenter_____youvisitedthemodernequipmentlastmonth?A.whichB.where　　C.thatD.theonethat11.Isthistheresearchcenter_____youvisitedlastmonth?A.inwhichB.whereC.thatD.theonethat例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?例2.Isthisthemuseum__youvisitedafewdaysago?例3.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld? A.whereB.that　C.onwhichD.theone变为肯定句：1.Thismuseumis__________________youvisitedafewdaysago.2.Thisisthemuseum___________youvisitedafewdaysago.3.Thisisthemuseum__________theexhibitionwasheld.12.Canyoutellmethereason________youwantedtobreakthewindow?A.whichB.thatC.becauseD.Why13.Idon’tbelievethereason_____youtoldmeyesterday.A.forwhichB.thatC.becauseD.why14._____isexpected,theFrenchteamwonthefootballmatch.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD. What15.Don’treadsuchbooks_____arenotworthreading.A.thatB.which　　C.asD./16._____isreportedinthenewspaper,DoctorLiwillvisitourtownnextweek.17.Heislateforschoolagain,___isoftenthecase.18.___weknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.19.Thesunheatstheearth,__isveryimportanttous.A.asBwhichC.thatD.It20.Heis____braveaman_____everlived.21.Don‘tread_____books____arenotworthreading．22.Heis_____anhonestman_____werespecthim． 23.Heis_____anhonestman_____werespect.A.such…asB.such..that24.IwanttobuythesameTVset_____hebought.25.Thisisthesamebook_____Ilost．A.asB.that26.Itwasinthesmallhouse_____wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather_____hespenthischildhood.A.which;thatB.that;whereC.which;whichD.where;that27.Themeetingwasputoff,_____wasexactly_____wewanted.A.which;whichB.as;thatC.which;whatD.it;that28.Itissuchagoodplace_____everybodywantstovisit_____itiswell-knownallovertheworld.A.which;thatB.as;as C.as;that　　D.that;as29.----“Wheredidyoumeetyouroldfriend?”----“Itwasinthehotel_____Iwasstaying.”A.thatB.whenC.whereD.WhichII.Findoutmistakesinthefollowingsentences:1)Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoarepraised.2）Isthisschooltheonethatyouworkedlastyear？3）Isthistheschoolwhereyouvisitedlastyear？4）Hefailedintheexamination,itmadehismotherangry．5）Therich,forwhosemoneyisnotaproblem,alwaysbuybighousesandexpensivecars. 6）I"llneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountry.7)Witheverythingsheneededbuying,shewenthome.8）Itwassodifficultaproblemthatnoonecanworkout.9)ItisthishousethatIwasbroughtup.10)Itisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass11)Thanksforyourgift.ThisisexactlythatIwanted.12)JackisamanwhomIbelieveishonest.二、名词性从句陈述语序主语从句WhatIsayistrue 宾语从句Hewon’tbelievewhatIsay.表语从句ThatiswhatIsaid.同位语从句ItoldthemthenewsthatRocketswonthegametoday.区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。Ihaveforgottenwherewewentyesterday.Wherewewentyesterdayiscoveredwithallkindsofflowers.Oh!Thisiswherewecameyesterday.Thisistheplacewherewecameyesterday.Here,hemadethepromisethathewouldcomehere10yearslater.Iwillmakeamarkwherehemadethepromise.需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词;缺名词性成份时，指人用who/whom ，指物用what;不缺意思和成份时用that。That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。1.___theOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisknown.A.不填B.WheneverC.WhatD.When2.Thereisacommonbeliefamongthem___rubbishcanandshouldbeputtogooduse.A.whichB.ifC.whetherD.that3.He’sboughtacottagefor___heretires,withthemoneyhesaved.A.WhenB.whereC.whatD.which(哪一个、哪一些)--ItisknowntoallthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.--DoyouthinkitpossiblethatwetakeoverTaiwan?--Ofcourse.It 经常在句中当形式主语、宾语，代替真正的主语、宾语，以避免头重脚轻。Itisprettywellunderstood___controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandoutoftheatmospheretoday.A.ThatB.whenC.whatD.howWhydon’tyoubring___tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?A.ThisB.whatC.thatD.it表“是否”时只用whether不用if:1.Whetherthepresidentwillcomeisnotknownyet.(主从)2.Theproblemiswhetherweneedit.（表从）3.Theproblemwhetherwewillbuildanotherschoolhasn’tbeensettled.（同位语从句）4.HewasworriedaboutwhetherhepassedtheEnglishexamination. （介词之后）1.Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.（whether…or/ornot）2.Idon’tknowwhethertogo.（动词不定式之前）三、状语从句（主句完整，从句和主句之间不存在修饰关系的，一般就是状从）1.关于when/while/as都有“当…时”WhenIarrived,hehadalreadyleft.Maryaskedmetocareforherpetwhileshewasaway.（当…时）Asthesunsetinthewest,itbecamedarkeranddarker.Astimegoesby//astheeconomydevelopsWhen(正在这时)Beabouttodo….When… Bedoing…when…Hadjustdone…when…Beonthepointofdoing…when…When==sincewhileHelikespopmusicwhileIamfondofclassicalmusic.(而)Maryaskedmetocareforherpetwhileshewasaway.（当…时）WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.（虽然）asA.随着+句子astimewentbyastheeconomydevelopsWiththeexamcoming/drawingnear/approachingB.像+句子Itlooksalittleuglyasitis. C.作为+短语treat/regard/consider/thinkof/lookon……as（把…作为…来对待）D.因为+句子because/since/forAsyouareSenior3students,youshouldsparenoeffort/painstostudy.E.正如/就像Asisknowntoall/weallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.Asanoldsayinggoes,it’snotuntiltheDragonBoatFestivalthatwecanputawaywarmclothes.F.虽然+句子（倒装）=though放句首a.表语提前Youngas/thoughheis,hespeaksEnglishfluently.Childasheis,heknowsalot.（冠词去掉） b.副词提前Muchashelikesher,hedarenottellher.=Although(>