实用英语语法Unit10PPT 51页

实用英语语法教程PracticalEnglishGrammarCourse Unit10AttributiveClausesLearningobjectives:Identifyattributiveclauses辨别定语从句Useproperrelativepronounsandrelativeadverbs学会使用恰当的关系代词和关系副词Useattributiveconstructionswithpreposition+which/whom在掌握引导定语从句的介词+which/whom结构 WarmingupActivityActivity1Tickthesentenceswithanattributiveclauseinthem1.Hewillneverforgetthedaywhenhejoinedthearmy.2.Doyouknowwhenhejoinedthearmy?3.Whenhejoinedthearmyisunknown.4.Theadvicehegaveusistoinstallnewsoftwareonthecomputer.5.Hegaveustheadvicetoinstallnewsoftwareonthecomputer. KeytoActivity11,4 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词（Antecedent）。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）who,whom,whose,that,which,when,where,why等词引出。 I.LanguageFocus10.1定语从句中的关系代词10.2定语从句中的关系副词10.3判断关系代词与关系副词10.4限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句10.5介词+关系词10.6关系代词that的用法10.7that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 10.1定语从句中的关系代词关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 who/whom（指人）,which(指物)，that（即可以指人又可以代物），whose(做定语，指人或物)Heisthemanwho/thatshowedmethewaythismorning.(who/that在从句中做主语)Allthatglittersisnotgold.(that在从句中做主语)Ihaveafriendwhosemotherisworkingabroadnow.(whose在从句中做定语） Iamlookingforthebook（which/that）Iboughtyesterday.(which/that在从句中做宾语,可以省略)Heistheman（whom）weallrespect.（whom在从句中做宾语) Activity2Fillintheblankswiththefollowingpronounsoradverbs. KeytoActivity21who/whom2whose3which4whose5which6.whose,7.who8.who/whom9.that10.that/who 10.2定语从句中的关系副词关系副词有：when,where,why等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。例如：I’llneverforgetthewonderfuldayswhenIspentinNanjing.Thisistheplacewherewemet20yearsago.ThisisthereasonwhyIwasforschooltoday. Activity3Choosethecorrectanswerstothefollowingsentences1.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when2.Doyouknowtheactor______yousawplayingHamletisnowdoingKingLear?A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which3.Thetime_________wegottogetherfinallycame.A．whyB．whereC．whenD．what Activity34.Beijingistheplace______Iwasborn.A．whyB．whereC．whenD．what5.Isthisthereason________herefusedouroffer?A．whyB．whereC．whenD．what KeytoActivity3BBCBA 10.3判断关系代词与关系副词关系代词和关系副词的选择在于他们在从句中所做的成分。先行词在从句中做主、宾语时，选择关系代词；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.ThisisthemountainvillagewhichIvisitlastyear. I"llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.I’llneverforgetthedayswhichwespendinABCCompany.ThatisthereasonwhyIforgottosendthee-mail.Isthisthereasonwhichyougaveforyourabsencefromclass? Activity4Pointouttheantecedentsoftheattributeclausesinthefollowingsentencesandcorrectthemistakesifany;thentranslateallthesentencesintoChinese.1.Themanwhichtoldmethenewsrefusedtogivemehisname.2.LetABCbeatrianglewhichsidesareofunequallength.3.TheairlinehasabookletwhowilltellyoumostoftheimportantthingsaboutatriptoUSA.4.IcameacrossanoldfriendthatdaywhomIvisitedhisschool.5.Thepresidentspokestronglyagainstthemenwhoopposedhisideaforanewlaw. KeytoActivity41.man,Which---who/that告诉我这个消息的人拒绝透露姓名。2.triangle,which—whose使三角形边长不等。3.booklet,Who—which/that航空公司提供小册子介绍去美国旅行的一些重要事宜。4.friend,whom—when去学校那天我碰到一位老朋友。5.men,true总统对那些反对他提议的新法的人言辞很激烈。 10.4限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.限制性和非限制性的区别定语从句分限制性和非限制性两种。意思上的区别：限制性定语从句是修饰先行词不可缺少的部分，如果去掉则主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思。 形式上的区别：限制性定语从句由who(whom,whose),which,that引导，不用逗号将从句和先行词分开；非限制性定语从句不能用that引导,只能用who(whom),whose,which,where引导，并在从句前后加逗号，和主句分开。 例如：1.Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.2.Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.3.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.4.Heisoneofthestudentswhopassedtheexam. 2非限制性定语从句还能以整个主句或是部分主句作为先行词,用as,which来引导。as一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme. Activity5Choosethewordthatbestcompletesthesentence。1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_____broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which3.Onthewallhungapicture,_____colorisblue.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichDits Activity54.Hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,____ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which5._____youwillfindout,allisnowsettledA.asB.thatC.whatD.which KeytoActivity5BAADA 10.5介词+关系词1.某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。这样的结构比较正式，主要用于书面语。例如：1.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.2.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago. 3.Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?4.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?5.Jane,withwhomIplayedtennisonSundays,wasfitterthanme.6.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities Activity6Fillinblankswiththeproperprepositions KeytoActivity6about,about,in,on,of,during,in,with,for,in 2that代替关系副词。that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn.Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago. 10.6关系代词that的用法1.不用that的情况1)that不能引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(F)Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(T) 2)介词后不使用that。例如：Wedependonthelandfromthatwegetourfood.(F)Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.(T)可以说成：Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom. 2.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1)在therebe句型中，只用that。2)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that。Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.Youmaytakehomeanyofthesebooksthatyoulike. 3)先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。Thewhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.4)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.The9.15isthefastesttrainthattherehaseverbeen. 5)先行词既有人，又有物时，只用that。例如：Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice. 3.下列情况不能使用that,而用which1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.2)that不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用which,指人用whom）ThepersontowhomIamspeakingjustnowisourEnglishteacher.Theprizeforwhichheworkedsohardwasanewbicycle. Activity7Choosethewordthatbestcompletesthesentence KeytoActivity7BABACBCCAB 10.7that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别句法功能不同含义不同 II.LanguagePracticeGrammarinreadingGrammarinspeakingGrammarinwritingErrorrecognitionPuttingittogether Activity8Readthetextbelow.Underlinetherestrictiveattributiveclausesandputbracketsaroundthenon-restrictiveones. KeytoActivity8Restrictiveattributiveclause:1.Idecidedtosendagifttoafriendthatmyfamilyhadrecentlyvisited.2.AsIwentthrougheachofthetopsitesthatappeared.3.ThefirstsitehadagoodproductwhichIthoughtaboutordering,4.LaterIfoundatinylinkamongthelistoflinksintheleftbordercolumnthatsaid“gotoshoppingcart”. KeytoActivity8Non-restrictiveattributiveclause:1.itbroughtmetoapagewithemptyfieldstofillout,whereIwassupposedtoputintheirproductnumberandprice.2.Iendeduporderinganicelittlefloweringplantfromthatsite,whichwillbedeliveredtomyfriendtodaysometime. Activity9Youattendedapartyyesterdayandnowyouaretellingyourfriendwhoyoumetinthepartyusingattributiveclauses. KeytoActivity91.Thepartywasheldinahotelwherewehadameetinglastweek.2.ImetsomebodywhoseambitionistobeaCEOofabigcompany..3.Imetayoungmanwhooftensurfsthewebasaninternetshoppermyself.4.Imetacouplewhohadjustgotmarred.5.Imetawomanwhoownsarestaurant.6.ImetsomebodywhosefatherisaChineseteacher. Activity10Joineachpairofsentencestogethertoformonesentencewithanattributiveclause,dependingontherelationshipbetweenthetwosentences.Followtheexample. KeytoActivity10McDonald’sistheworld’slargesthamburgerrestaurantcompanywhichhasover19,000restaurantsin100countries.2.Samsentmeanemailattachmentwiththeslidepresentationwhichwewillusetomorrow.3.MyhusbandisanofficeclerkwhoisinchargeofITfacilities.4.Theinternetchatroomisnewandpopularwhereyoucanmeetnewfriendsfromaroundtheworld.5.We"re going back to a national park in Beijingwherewe went campinglast summer. Activity11Allthesentencesbelowcontainerrorsrelatedtoattributiveclauses.Findandcorrecttheerrors. KeytoActivity111.which—when2.Which—as3which---why4.that—which5.who---that6.去掉there Activity12Supposeyouareintroducingyourselfinpublic.Trytodescribeyourselfwithattributiveclauses.Andpleasecomeupwithmoresentenceswithsimilarstructures.