小学生英语语法：名词分析 36页

名词noun 本章节内容一.名词定义二.名词分类三.单复数变化四.名词所有格五.习题集 一.名词的定义名词(n．)：noun表示人、动物、物品、地点以及抽象概念的词。即所有东西的名字都是名词。 名词专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词单数形式复数形式二.名词的分类 表示特定的人或事物的名称，首个字母要大写，前面一般不加冠词所有人的名字；大洲、大洋、江河的名称；国家、城市和地名；建筑物和街道的名字；月份、星期和节日的名称；团体、机构、组织的名称。（一）专用名词 不属于特定的人、事物名称的词，包括我们平时吃的、喝的东西，动物的名称，物质的名称以及一些抽象概念等。可数名词：可以一个一个地数的名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。2.不可数名词：不能够一个一个地数出来的名词。（二）普通名词 1．一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”如：map→maps，bag→bagsbook--books，hat--hats，pencil--pencils，girl--girls三.名词的单复数变换（一）名词的单数形式一般在名词前面加上“a”或“an”，表示“一个”。如：abook，anorange（二）名词单复数的规则变换： 2．以s，sh，ch，x等结尾的词加“es”如：bus→buseswatch→watchesbeach--beachesbrush--brushesbox--boxesclass--classesglass--glasseslunch—lunches 3．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，变y为i加es如：baby→babiescity--cities，family--familiescountry--countries以元音字母＋y结尾的词变复数时，直接加s如：monkey→monkeysday→days，play→plays，boy→boys，toy→toys 4．以o结尾的名词变复数时：1）以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词，加es如：tomato—tomatoes（西红柿）potato—potatoes（土豆）hero--heroes（英雄）Negro—negroes（黑人） 2)以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词，加-s如：radio→radioszoo→zooskangaroo—kangaroos注意例外情况：photo→photospiano→pianos 5.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，先把f或fe变为v，再加es。如：wife--wives，leaf--leaveshalf—halvesknife--knivesthief--thievesshelf—shelves注意例外情况：gulf—gulfsroof--roofschief--chiefs （三）名词单复数的不规则变化：有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s,而是变换其中的字母，如：man--menwoman--womenpoliceman--policemenEnglishman--Englishmenfoot--feet，tooth—teeth在词尾加“en”或“ren”child--childrenox--oxen(公牛)mouse—mice老鼠 2.表示某国人，通常在单数后面加s。但是中日友好不变化，英法联军a变e如：Chinese（中国人）Japanese（日本人）Englishman—Englishmen（英国人）Franch—French（法国人） 3.单复数同形fish—fishsheep—sheepcattle—cattledeer—deer 4.除人民币元、角、外，美元、英镑、欧元等都有复数形式。例词:adollar—twodollarsonepound—twopounds 四.名词的所有格名词的表示所属关系的形式叫做名词所有格，意思为“……的”。例如：Daming’smotherisahotelmanager.其中Daming’s“大明的”，为名词所有格 1）单数名词一般直接加’s例：________hatlookslikeacat.(Lucy)2）不以s结尾的复数名词加’s例：Thisshopsells___________(child)toys.3）以s/es结尾的复数名词加’例：Theyarethe_______(twin)desks.Lucy’stwins’children’s（一）表示有生命的名词所有格在名词后面加’s。其变换规律如下： （二）表示无生命的名词所有格用“of”例：1）thedooroftheclassroom（教室的门）2）thetopofthehill（山顶）4）表示两个或两个以上的人共同所有的事物时,只在最后一个名词上加’s例：Heis________________father.(KateandJim)5）表示两个或两个以上的人各自所有的事物时,每个名词后都加’s,后面的名词用复数例：____________mothersareinthesamefactory.(KateandJim)KateandJim’sKate’sandJim’s 1．选出下列名词复数形式的正确拼写：1）deerA.deersB.deer2）childA.childrenB.childs3）toyA.toysB.toies4）matchA.matchesB.matchs5）leafA.leafsB.leaves6）AmericanA.AmericansB.American7）cityA.citysB.cities8）mouthA.mouthsB.mouthes9）mandoctorA.mendoctorsB.mendoctor10）babydogA.babiesdogB.babydogs答案：1._____2.____3.____4.____5.____6.____7.____8.____9.___10.___名词的单复数练习 2、写出下列名词的复数形式broomcartree_____horse______bus_______fox______branch_____class_____baby______family___country____radiophoto______piano______knifeleaf__life____thief______man____woman_____child_____foot_____womanteacher________appletree________stepson_________broomscarstreeshorsesbusesfoxesbranchesclassesbabiesappletreesfeetleavesphotosfamiliesstepsonswomenteacherschildrenwomenlivespianoscountriesradiosknivesthievesmen orangeclasstextmonkey_______pianochildshelfsheep_______countryfamilytoyfoot_______Japaneseradiophotoarmy_______tomatofoxwoman_____knife_______micethanksgeesebook_______hair_______meat_______boy_______flower_______baby_______zoo_______watch_______people_______orangesclassestextsmonkeyspianosfoxesshelvessheepcountriesbooksfeettomatoesphotosfamiliesbabieshairchildrenwomenflowersarmiestoysradiosknivesgoosemeatJapanesemousethankboyspeoplewatcheszoos 3.选择填空1）There_____onthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos2）Thiskindofcar_____madeinShanghai.A.isB.areC.wereD.has3）Therearefour_____andtwo_____inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenBJapaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanD.Japanese,Germans4）That’s_____artbook.A.anB.aC.theD.areBADA 5）Theboyshavegot  _______already.A. twobread  B. twobreadsC. twopiecesofbread D. twopieceofbread6）Theoldmanwants _______.A. sixboxesofapples  B. sixboxesofappleC. sixboxofapples    D. sixboxsofapples7）There _______some _______intheriver.A.is,fish  B.are,fishs C.is,fishs D.are,fish8）There _______two _______in thebox.A.iswatch B.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatchesCADB 9）Weshouldclean _______twiceaday.A.ourtooth B.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth10）The_____meetingroomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacher  B.teacher’s  C.teachers’ D.teachers11）InBritain_____areallpaintedred.A.letterboxes B.lettersboxes C.letterbox D.lettersbox12）Arethese_____cars?No,theyarebuses.A.aB.anC./D.the13）Six_____areinthesixth_____.A.pen,boxB.pens,boxC.pens,boxsD.pens,boxesDCACB 14）Theretwoapplesonthetable.A.areB.isC.amD./15）Aretheseyourbikes?Yes,.A.theseareB.theyareC.thoseareD.they’re16）Theyarepencils.A./B.anC.aD.this17）Howmuchdoyouhaveathome?A.riceB.bananaC.appleD.pear18）Icanseeinthebox.A.abreadB.somebreadC.somebreadsD.anybread19）Abottleoforangeonthetable.A.isB.areC.putsD.putABABAA 20）Look!Somemeatinthebox.Somepearsinthebasket.A.is,isB.are,areC.is,areD.are,is21）Howmanywouldyoulike?A.orangeB.bottleoforange.C.bottlesoforange.Dabottleoforange.22）Arethese?A.bananatreeB.bananatreesC.bananastreeD.bananastrees23）booksarethereunderthedesk?A.HowmuchB.WhatC.HowmanyD.How24）Iwanttobuy.A.ashoesB.apairofshoesC.apairshoeD.pairofshoeCCBCB 25）Thearerunningonthe.A.deer,grassesB.deers,grassCdeer,grass26）Howmanydoyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomatoD.thetomato27）Theyare.A.womanteachersB.womenteachersC.womenteacherD.womanteacher28）Wouldyoulike.Please?A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassofwatersD.twoglassesofwaters29）Therearesomeinthese.A.knifes,pencil-boxesB.knives,pencils-boxC.knives,pencil-boxesD.knives,pencils-boxesCBCBB 30）Thereisnointheplate.A.applesB.orangesC.riceD.eggs31）Iwassohungryandatetwo.A.bowlsofnoodleB.bowlsofnoodlesC.bowlofnoodles32）Iliketoeatcakewith.A.cherriesB.cherryC.cherrys33）andarenotfriends.A.Foxs,wolfsB.Foxes,wolfsC.Foxes,wolvesCCAB 4、填入所给名词的正确形式1）Ihavetwo(knife).2）Therearemanyhere.(box)3）Therearemanyontheroad.(bus)4）Afewaredrewingonthewall.(boy)5）Theareplayingfootballnow.(child)knivesboxesbusesboyschildren 1.选择填空1）Isthis____book?A.LileiB.Lilei’sC.lileis’2）The_____Parkwillopennextweek.A.Children’sB.Childrens"C.ChildrenD.Childrens3）Thisisroom.（莉莉和露西的房间）4）Theyarerooms.（莉莉和露西的房间）BA名词所有格练习LilyandLucy’sLily’sandLucy’s 5）Isthis____book?A.LileiB.Lilei’sC.lileis’6）Thisis_____car.A.SmithB.Smith’sC.Smiths’7）Therearesome_____inthepark.A.manteachersB.menteacherC.menteachersD.boysstudents8）That’smy_________.A.brother’sandsister’sbikeB.brotherandsister’sbikeC.brother’sandsister’sbikes9）Ittakesme____walktogotoschoolA.fiveminutes’B.fiveminute’sC.fiveminutesBBBCA 10）____mothersmadethemhavepianolessonsA.PeterandAnneB.Peter’sandAnne’sC.PeterandAnne’sD.Peter’sandAnne11）Doyouknowthewoman?Sheis___aunt.A.lilyandlucyB.lily’sandlucy’sC.lilyandlucy’sD.lily’sandlucy12）There___somegoodnewsintoday’snewspaperA.wereB.areC.isD.haveBCC 2.写出下列名词和词组的所有格1）asister______________2）aboy______________3）today______________4）ababy______________5）acamel______________6）men_______________7）birds______________8）twodays______________9）JohnandMary（两人共有的）_____________________________10）JohnandMary（两人各自所有的）___________________________ 再见