河北省临漳县第一中学高考英语语法：It的用法-讲解与练习 8页

It的用法It的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点，尤其是it用于强调句。其考查方式多通过〃单项填空〃进行，偶尔也出现在〃短文改错〃和〃完形填空〃中。一、要点点拔1.代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人吋，一-般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。1)—Whoisthebaby?—It"smyteacher"sson•2)—Whoisthatgentleman?—It"smyfriendTom.He(不可用It)wantstoseeyou-2.用于表达天气、环境、吋间、距离、季节等。例如：1)It"shalfanhour"swalkfromheretoourschool-2)ltzsniceandwarmhere.3)Butit"stwoo"clocknow,andit"stimeforustogotoschool.3.用作形式主语・it没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子后尾，使句子显得平稳一些，能借it给移至句子后尾的主语有三种：一种由不定式表示,一种由动名词表示，一种由从句表示。1).lt替代真正的主语一一动词不定式短语.Itiseasiertosaythantodo•Itisagoodacttohelptheothers.2).it替代真正的主语一一动名词短语，以动名词短语做主语的句子，主要在以nogood,nouse,noharm,dangerous,foolish等词作表语的句中.It"snoharmdrinkingrunningwaterinthatarea。It"sfoolishtalkinglikethat.3).it替代从句作主语，用从句做主语的带it的句子很多,常见的有下面几类：①Itisapity(ashame,afact,awonder,agoodthing,etc・)that...Itisashamethathedidn"tpasstheexam.②Itisstrange(surprising,obvious,true,good,possible,clear;etc.)that..・。Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace・③Itseems(happened,turnedout,etc.)that..・Itseemedthatthingswerenotastheyexpected・④Itissaid(decided,expected,etc)that・.・Itissaidthattheticketshavebeensoldout・4•用作形式宾语。当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式ing短语或从句往往用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末，句子重心后移。1)WefinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwellinsuchashorttime.2)Wethinkitnousecryingoverspiltmilk. 1)Wemadeitclearwhenandwhereweweregoingtohavethemeeting・5.用于强调句型，即"Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其它〃句型之中。使用该句型有以下几点请注意：①强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数.ItwasyesterdaythatImetyourfatherinthestreet.②不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词.ItwasinthestreetthatImetyourfatheryesterday.③被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that,用that也行。Itwasyourfatherthat/whom/whoImetinthestreetyesterday.2)ItwasIthat/whometyourfatherinthestreetyesterday-④强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。Itistheywhoareourfriends.2)Itwasnotuntilteno"clockthatwegothomelastnight.⑤注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。ltiswas.・・that…为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调，而其他从句--般不具备这--特征。比较：1)Itwasteno"clockwhenwegothomelastnight.我们昨晚到家时已十点了。2)Itwasatteno"clockthatwegothomelastnight.我们昨晚是在十点到家的。第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉itwas和that后，只能组成"Wegothometeno"clocklastnight."这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when.二、常用句型及考点I.形式主语型1.Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain…)that...2.Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural...)that...掌握本句型，应该记住所列举的形容词，并口记住that后的从句应用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)，should可以省去。3.Itisnogood(use)doingsth・4.Itisapity(ashame...)that...本句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should十动词原形)，should可以省去。表示岀乎意料，常译为〃竟然〃。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。5.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that...本句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气。6.Itisthefirst(second...)timethat...7.Itissaid(reported,learned....)that...8.Itissuggested(ordered...)that... 本句型中的过去分词应该是表示请求、建议、命令等的词，that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should十动词原形),should可以省略。常译为〃据建议;有命令……〃。1.Ithappens(seems,appears)that...2.Ittakessb…todosth.3.ItdoesrVtmatterwhether...4.Itiskind(ofsb)todosth・本句型中的不定式如果需要逻辑主语，则须要前置介词of,而句型中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，常见的有bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong等。5.Itisnecessary(forsb)todosth・6.Itis(just)likesbtodosth.本句型为喋人(恰恰)是•…样子〃。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，贝IJ表示怀疑。例:It"slikehimtoleavetheworktoothers.他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。7.Itisuptosbtodosth.本句型表示"谊由某人做……”。I.强调句型Itis+被强调部分+that/who...本句型中被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。II.其他句型1.Itis...since.・・本句型主句中用时间作表语，一般用现在吋或完成吋，since引导的从句常用瞬间动词的一般过去吋态。主句如用一般过去吋，则从句用过去完成吋。2.Itis...when.・・本句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指吋间，表语由具体的吋间充当。3.Itlooks(seems)asif.・・本句型中的as讦引导一个状语从句，常译为"看起来好像..・・・.〃。如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气.例1Itlooksasifheisill(真的病T)・例2Itlooksasifhewereill(没有生病). Exercises:一.单项选择1.Itwasatthegatehetoldmethenews.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when2」snecessarytotellhisfathereverythingA.itB.thatC.whatD.he3.Wasitinthispalacethelastemperordied?A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which4.Ispossibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.manC.thatD.it5.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarhedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then6.IsnecessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he7」don"tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignIanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it8.Doesmatterifhecan"tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it9」twasnotshetookoffherdarkglassesIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then10・Tom"smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidn"thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it11.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It12.Ispossibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.manC.thatD.it13.Ourfoodandservicearebetterthanusedtobe.A.itB.weC・theyD・them14.appearstomethereportmustbetruth.A.That;itB・It;thatC・It;itD・That;that15.Hefeelsdutytohelpothers.A.thatheB.thathisC・itheD.ithis16.Takeeasy・Theroadsareicy.A.itB.themC.usD.you17.TheTVsetsmadeinChinaaremuchbetterthaninJapan. A.thatB.thoseC・themD.It11.Haveyoufoundthebikeyoulostyesterday?Yes,「vefoundalready.A.itB.thatC.theoneD.thatone12.I"mlookingforaflat.Wouldyoulikewithgarden?A.it;theB.it;aC.one;aD.one;the13.waswhoImetinthemuseumthismorning.A.It;himB・It;heC・That;heD.That;him14.ItwasinthericefieldswehadourLeaguemeeting.A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.onwhich15.youcometothepartysolate?A.WhyisitB・WhyitisC・WhyitisthatD・Whyisitthat16.WereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccidentNo,onlythetwopassengersgothurt.A.theywere;thatB.therewas;thatC.itwas;whoD.thereare;who17.Idon"tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignIanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD・it18.ItwasnotshetookoffherglassesIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC・until;whenD.when;then26」twasnotuntil1920regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since27.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage・A.ThereB・ThisC・ThatD.It28.Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade・A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when29.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlyIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty・A.untilB・thatC・thenD・So30.Ihatewhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull・A.itB.thatC.theseD.them 27.Whydon"twetakealittlebreak?Didn"twejusthave?A.itB.thatC.oneD.this28.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarhedied?(MET88)A.thatB・WhileC・inwhichD.Then33」spossibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?(MET88)A.nowB.thatC.itD.Man34」don"tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.(MET90)A.ThisB.thatC・itsD.It35.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET95)A.ThereB・ThisC・ThatD.It36.Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithfaceandanhourhandwasmade.(NMET97)A.thatB.untilC.beforeD>when37.computersplaysuchanimportantpartinourdailylife?A.WhyitisthatB.WhyisitthatC.WhywasitthatD・Whyisit38.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarhedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then39.Isnecessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?A.everyoneB.thisC.herD.it40.Ispossibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.thatC.itD.man41・Idon"tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignIanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it42.Sheheardofaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth・A.itB.whichC.thisD.that43.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,cameasasurprise・A.itB.thatC.whichD.he44.Doesmatterifhecan"tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it45.Tom"smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder;butdidn"thelp・A.heB.whichC.sheD.it46.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpect・A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it47.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage. A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It42.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave.A.itB.thoseC.themD.one43.Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when50.1hatewhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them51.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlyIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty・A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so52.Itistheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it53.Ityouthattoblame.A.is;isB.is;areC.are;areD.are;is54・WasthatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyou55.electricityplayssuchanimportsntpartinourlife?A.WhyisitthatB.WhyisitC.WhyitisthatD.Whyisthat56.Itwashesaiddisappointedme.A.what;whatB.that;thatC.what;thatD.that;what57.ItwasinthelabwastakenchargeofbyProfessorHarristheydidtheexperiment.A.which;thatB.that;whatC・whom;thatD.which;where58.ManypeoplenowmakearuletobuycardsfortheirfriendsbeforeChristmas.A.themselvesB.itC.thatD.this59.Someoneisatthedoor,whois?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he60.—Itisrainingcatsanddogs.A.SoitisB.SoisitC.NeitheritisD.Neitherisit二.分析it成分，辨清和似句型。1.①iswellknowtousallthattheearthisround（2）iswellknowntousallztheearthisround.A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.Which 1.①doesn"tmattermuchwhetherhe"llcometotheparty.②Ifeelanhonortobeinvitedtospeakhere・A.thisB.itC.thatD.what2.①nowonderthathehaspassedtheexam.②noneedforyoutowaithere.A.TherebeingB.ItwasC.ItisD.Thereis3.①WasitthehouseAbrahamLincolnwasborn?（2）WasitinthehouseAbrahamLincolnwasborn?A.hatB.whereC.whichD.bothAandB4.①It"sverykindyoutohelpus.②It"sveryimportantyoutokeepthebalaneeofnature.A.forB.ofC.toD.with.5.①Itisnogoodsuchathing.（2）It"sofnoimportaneesuchathing.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done6.①It"stimethatwetoschool.②ItisthesecondtimethatwetoBeijing.A.goB.wentC.havebeenD.havegone7.①It"stomorrowheisgoingtoBeijing.②Itwas8o"clockhewenttoschool.A.thatB.whenC・beforeD.since8.①Itis3yearshejoinedthearmy.②Itwillbe3yearswemeetagain.A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when