高三英语语法名词性从句考点+精讲精练 11页

名词性从句一•概念…■名词性从句共有四种：主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句1.主语从句：主语从句在整个句子中作主语。(1)不同于其它的连词，它不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscarwasobvious.Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.(2)if不能用在主语从句中，而是用whetherWhetherheleft(ornot)isunknown(3)当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数，下面这个句型例外。Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney.Whatweneedaremanymorebooks・由于主语从句位于句首，句子常显得笨重，因此常把它移至句子后部，句首用引导词it来作形式主语。如：用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a.It+be+形容词+that・从句Itisnecessarythat...有必要Itisimportantthat...重要的是Itisobviousthat...很明显b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat...人们相信Itissaidthat…Itisreported(hat…Itisknowntoallthat...从所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat...已决定Ithasbeenfoundthat...已经发现Ithasbeenprovedthat...已经证明Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须扌旨出…c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat是常"识Itisasurprisethat...令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat...事实是 a.It+不及物动词+that-分句 Itappearsthat...似乎Ithappensthat...碰巧Itoccurredtomethat...我突然想起Itdoesn"tmatterwhether...是否…都没关系Itturnedoutthat...结果是Itmakesnodifferencewhether...是否…毫无区别1)Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchafoolishmistake.2)Itsreportedthatthreepeoplewerekilledinthetrafficaccident.3)Itdoesn"tmatterwhetherhellcomeornot.4)IthappenedthatIdidn"ttakeanymoneywithme.2•表语从句：表语从句出现在系动词后，充当表语。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney・Goandgetyourcoat.It"swhereyouleftit.(1)引导表语从句除了上述三类词外还有because,asif/asthough等等Thereason(why/forwhich)isthatIt/This/Thatisbecause⑵连系动词“appear,look,seem"的两个常用句型Itseems/appearsthat....Itlooks/seemsasif/asthough(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气)(3)as也可以引导表语从句Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe3.宾语从句：及物动词，形容词和介词后加宾语从句作其宾语。(1)宾语从句时态与主句相呼应，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现彖除外Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun⑵连词whether和if可以互换，但注意下列情况连词后紧跟ornot时用whetherIwanttoknowwhetherornottheywillcome.作介词宾语是用whether引导宾语从句Hewasinterestedinwhetherhesawherthere.连接词后直接加不定式，不能用讦只能用whetherHedoesn"tknowwhethertostayorno匸如果宾语从句是否定时，一般用if引导Icareifhewillnotattendthemeeting.⑶当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it+宾补+that,that不可省略1thinkitiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.(4)当主语是I,we,主句用think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine五个动词时,用否定转移Idon"tthinkhewillwinthegame,willhe? (3)that在宾语从句常可以省略，但由and或but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可以省略第一个连词thatHesaid(that)hehadeatennothingbutthathewasn"thungry. (3)注意区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句Idon"tknowifhewillcome・Ifhecomes,Fllletyouknow.4•同位语从句，在句中作某些名词的同位语，对前面的名词进一步说明。通常用在有具体含义的词女Chfact,news,idea,hope,believe,hope,thought,doub仁truth,order,suggestion,wordetc.(1)Thereisnodoubtthathewillcome・Thereisdoubtwhetherhewillcome・WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcometoinspectthem.Thereisnopossibilitythat....(2)that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在同位语从句中:that不可以省略，不作成分;定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句作成分，作宾语时可以省略Weareinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswouldvisitourschool.Weareinterestedinthenewsthathetoldus.when,where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在定语从句中，when,where前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone•(同位语从句)Goandgetyourcoat.Itsintheplacewhereyouleftit•(定语从句)5.疑问词-ever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句NomatterwhereIgo,myheartistowardsChina.Ibelievewhateverhesays.Whateverhesays,Iwillneverbelievehim.who与whoever的区别who是“谁”的意思，表示具有疑问，who相当于anyonewho"无论谁"Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Canyoutellmewhothatgentlemanis?6.当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词通常用what,它相当于allthat,anythingthat或thething(s)thatWhatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave・TomthoughtwhatabeautifulgirlMarywas.7•注意区分it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句强调句句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that,去掉Itis/was,that,句子仍然成立。Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.主语从句Itisonlylatelythathehadhadafamilyhimself.强调句Whatwasitthathewanted?Idon"tknowwhatitwasthathewanted・Itwasinthehotelwherehestayedthatwediscussedtheseriousproblem 8•注意it作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句引导的不同Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.Asisknowntoall.theearthisround.误区提醒1.引导词的误用；2.对it作形式主语的句型掌握不牢固；3.从句种类确定错误导致相关知识错误;4.只用whether的情况记不清。 三.巩固练习1•hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If2.ThemanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhowA.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeaboutC・hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout3.Energyismakesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC・anythingD.that4.Informationhasbeenputforwardmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5.ThisistheshenzhouVSpaceshiplanded・A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD・when6.Theyhavenoideaatall.A.wherehehasgoneB・wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatientsfearhewoulddieofthedisease.A・thatB.whichC.ofwhichD・ofthat8・Theordercamethesoldiersthesmallvillagethenextmoming.A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave9・isnopossibilityBobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether10.Thequestioncameupatthemeetingwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if11.Ishesaidreallytrue?A.thatB・whatC.whyD.whether12.themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn"tmatter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14.-i-i-imorecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen・A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If15.hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesuiprisesallofus.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If16.youdonllikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How17.alltheinventionshaveincommonistheyhavesucceeded・A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what18.appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch・A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That19.Itiswidelythatsmokingcancausecance匚A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped20.causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery. A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where 21・healwaysservesthepeopleverywellisknown.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Who22.haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.A.WhoeverB.NomaterwhoC.WhomeverD.Who23.1struethatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?AthatBitChisDhe24.IthasnotbeendecidedtheywillleaveforNewYork.A.whenBwhyCthatDwhat25.Obviouslywedomorningexerciseseverydayusgood.A.thatdoB.if;doCwhat;doesD.that;dose26Itissaidwasallhesaid・Athat;that;thatBwhat;what;whatCthat;which;whatDthat;that;which27getshomefirstistocookthesupper.A.WhoBWhomC.ThosewhoD.Whoever28movedusmostwashelikedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears・A.That;thatB.What;thatCWhat;whatD.That;what29.youdiditisnotknowntoall.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Which30.youdoshouldbewelldone・AHowB.ThatC.WhateverDWhy31.ThereasonIplantogoisshewillbedisappointedifIdon9t・A.becauseB・thatC.thankstoD.what32.Whattimedoyouthink_?A.willTomcomebackB・TomwillcomebackC.isTomcomingbackD.canTomgethere33・Theteachersaidthatlightfasterthansound.A.HastraveledB.traveledC・hadtraveledD.travels34..isstillaquestionwillwin.A.It;thatB.It;whoC.That;whoD.This;that35.IfyouknowitwasthatwriteATaleofTwoCities,raiseyourhand・A.whomB.whichC.whoD.that36.Insomecountries,arecalled"publicschools"arenotownedbythestate.A.thatB.whichC-asD.what37.Thinkingyouknowinfactyoudon"tisaterriblemistake.A.that;thatB.what;whatC.that;whatD.whatthat38.Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjustworriesthepublic.A.whyB.whichC.thatD.what39.Whydon"tyoubringtohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?A.thatB.whatC.thatD.it40.DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.That^swhyshehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhimhappens.A.whatever;whateverB・Nomatterwhat;whateverC・Nomatterwhat;NomatterwhatD.Whatever;however41.ThatisIwasbomandgrewup. A.ThereB.inwhichC.whereD.theplace 35.shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy・A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Because36.wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore・A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Whether37.…Haveyoufoundyourbookyet?—No,FmnotsureIcouldhaveleftit.A.whetherB.whereC.whenD.why38.Thedoctorcouldn"tanswerthequestionthepatientcouldsurvivethatnight.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what46.1firmlybelievehesaidatthemeetingwasright.A.thatB.whichC.thatwhatD.whatthat47.一-Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice?…Iwaslastnight.A.ThatB.WhenC.WhereD.What48.Ithink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,_helikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what49.Atthemeeting,wediscussedweshouldemploymoreworkers・A.讦B.whetherC.thatD./50.Afterseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile・A.whichB・itC.whatD.that四•答案1—5ABABC6—10AABAC11—15BBCAB16—20BCBAA21—25BABAD26—30ADBCC31—35BBDBC36—40DCDDA41—45CBBBC46—50CCCBC