广东省天河区高考英语语法二轮复习：阅读理解精讲精炼20含答案 8页

阅读理解精讲精炼20109.CoconutCoconuttreescanbeseenalloverthetropicalcountrieseverywhereintheworld.Coconuttreesneedwarmweatherandproducegreencoconutswhicharefilledwithacolorlesscoconutjuice・Ifthecoconutisfresh,insidearealmostalljuiceandlittleflesh.Coconutmilkiswhiteincolorandisextractedfromcoconut.Greencoconutshavethesizeofasmallball・Theyhavetobeopenedontopwithaknife.Youwillgetthewholecoconutinfrontofyouandyoudrinkthecoconutjuicewithastraw（吸管）.Onceyoufinishyoucanasktocutthecoconutinpiecesandeatthefleshinside.DragonfruitDragonfruit^officialnameisPitaya.Itsakindoffruitwhichisverytastefuldespiteitsoutsidelooks.Thepinkcoloredskinisnottobeeaten.Cutthefruitinhalfanduseaspoontoeatthegrayishflesh・Theblackseedscanbeeatenbuttheyarenotdigestible・Cempedak（小木波萝）CempedakisanativekindofMalaysianfruit.ThetasteofthefruitissimilartotherelatedJackfruit（波罗蜜）withahintofDurian（榴莲）.Asweet,mild,andjuicyfleshsurroundsthepeanut-1ikeseedsinathicklayer.Theoutercoverofthefruitisslightlysticky.Cempedakcanbeeatenfresh・DurianDurianisoneofthosetropicalfruitsyouloveorhate.Iwasoncetoldthatthesmellofdurianisthe"smellofhell"thoughIcannotcommentonthisasIhaveneverbeentohell!IwasalsotoldthatinmanypartsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandThaihotels,durianisnotevenallowedbecauseofthesmell.However,durianisaverypopulartropicalfruitinMalaysia・Durianiseasytorecognize.Theyarehugegreenbrownishfruits,usuallysoldatmarketsandontheroadside.1（isknownas“theKingofFruit”onthebasisofthefactthatithasmanyvitamins,calcium,ironandotherminerals.20・Whichofthefollowinghastheseedsthatcanbeeaten?A.Coconut.B.Dragonfruit・ C.Cempedak・D・Durian.20•Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthat•A.cempedakistheothernameofJackfruitB・thehomeofcempedakisMalaysiaC・cempedakhastheflavorofdurianD・cempedakhasasmoothcover22.InmanyMalaysiaandThaihotels,whyisduriannotevenallowed?A.Becauseitcanmakeeatersaddicted.B・Becausethelocalgovernmentsforbidtheselling.C・Becauseithasasmellyflavor.D・Becauseitcanbeusedasaweapon.23.Whyisduriancalled“theKingofFruit"?A.Becauseitcontainsmanyvitaminsandminerals・B・Becauseitlooksstrong・C・Becauseithasastrangeflavo匚D.Becauseallthepeoplelikeit.【要点综述】文章向我们介绍了几种水果，以及这些水果的营养价值以及弊端。20.B细节理解题。分析全文可知，只有火龙果的种子可以吃，只是不易消化。21.B细节理解题。分析Cempedak部分可知，这种水果原产地是马来西亚。22.C细节理解题。分析Durian部分可知，榴莲由于具有奇特的臭味，在印度尼西亚，马来西亚和泰国的许多宾馆，这种水果是不允许出售的。23.A细节理解题。分析Durian部分最后一句可知，榴莲之所以叫“水果之王”，因为它富含维生素，钙，铁等矿物质。110.BelowisaselectionaboutsomeGuinness（吉尼斯）WorldRecords・Top6UnusualGuinnessWorldRecords♦Fastest100mrunningonallfoursThe2008GuinnessWorldRecordsDaywas,accordingtoGWR,theirbiggestdayofrecord-breakingever,withmorethan290,000peopletakingpartinrecordattemptsin15differentcountries.KenichiIto"srecordattemptwaspartofthisspecialday.HeisjustanotherexampleofJapanesewith"superpowers：His"superpower"istorunwithgreatspeedonallfours.KenichiItoran100monallfoursin18.58seconds・TheJapanesesetthisrecordatSetagayaKuritsuSogoUndojyo,Tokyo,in2008.♦MostpeopleinsideasoapbubbledLongestearsonadog・MostlivinggenerationsDidyoueverwonderwhatistheGuinnessWorldRecordformostlivinggenerationsinonefamily?Sevenistheanswe匚Theultimateauthorityonrecord-breakingmentionsonthewebsitethattheyoungestgreat-great-great-greatgrandparentofthisfamilywasAugustaBunguaged109years97days,followedbyherdaughteraged89,hergranddaughteraged70,hergreatgrand-daughteraged52,hergreat-greatgrand-daughteraged33andhergreat-great-greatgranddaughteraged15onthebirthofhergreat-great-great-greatgrandsononJanuary21,1989”•♦MostT-shirtswornatonce♦Heaviestpumpkin46・WhyisKenichiItodescribedasamanwitha"superpower55?A.HesetagoodexampletoallJapanese・ B・Hemaderecordattemptsin15differentcountries・C.Hesetanewrecordfor"Fastest100mrunningonallfours".D・Heparticipatedinthe2008GuinnessWorldRecordsDayactivities・47.JeffriesisthenameofA.lheownerofthedogwiththelongestearsB・thegrandfatherofthedogwiththelongestearsC・thepresentholderoftherecordfor"Longestearsonado『D・theformerholderoftherecordfor"Longestearsonadog^48-HowmanyT-shirtshadKrunoslavBudiseliputonbeforehefeltitdifficulttogoon?A.6&B・120.C.238.D.245.49.Accordingtothegiveninformation,whichGuinnessWorldRecordwasmostrecentlyset?A.Therecordfor“Mostpeopleinsideasoapbubble"B・Therecordfor"Mostlivinggenerations99.C.Therecordfor“MostT-shirtswornatonce.D・Therecordfor"Heaviestpumpkin^5.【要点综述】本文是一篇应用文，主要向读者介绍6个不同寻常的吉尼斯世界纪录的情况。46.C细节理解题。从第一则纪录中提到的Heisjustanother-•-superpowers…KenichiItoran100monallfours…知，KenichiIto创造了最新的最快的100米"四肢爬"纪录，所以选C项。47.D细节理解题。从文章第三则纪录中Mr.Jeffriesisthepreviousrecordholderofthistitle---pj"以知道，M匚Jeffries是前纪录保持者，所以选D项。4&B细节理解题。从第五则纪录中-TheT-shirtsweighed68kgandBudiselisaidhebeganstrugglingaroundT-shirtNo.120…可以知道Budiseli在穿了120件T恤后感觉有点困难再穿上T恤了，所以选B项。49.A推理判断题。从文章的纪录中可以知道，A项是2011年4月4日创造的；B项是1989年1月21日创造的；C项是2010年5月22日创造的；D项是2010年10月9日创造的，由此知A项是最近时间创造的，所以选A项。1H.Plantsarefloweringfasterthanscientistspredicted（预测）inreactiontoclimatechange,whichcouldhavelongdamagingeffectsonfoodchainsandecosystems.Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld,changingsomelivingpatterns,scientistssay.Increasedcarbondioxide（CO2）intheairfromburningcoalandoilcanhaveaneffectonhowplantsproduceoxygen,whilehighertemperaturesandchangeablerainfallpatternscanchangetheirpatternsofgrowth.uPredictingspecies"reactiontoclimatechangeisamajorchallengeinecology,”saidtheresearchersofseveralU.S.universities.Theysaidplantshadbeenthekeyobjectofstudybecausetheirreactiontoclimatechangecouldhaveaneffectonfoodchainsandecosystemservices.Thestudy,publishedontheNaturewebsite,usesthefindingsfromplantlifecyclestudiesandexperimentsacrossfourcontinentsand1,634species.Itfoundthatsomeexperimentshadunderestimated^氐估）thespeedoffloweringby8.5timesandleafingby4times.“Acrossallspecies,theexperimentsunder-predictedthespeedoftheadvance—forbothleafingandflowering—thatresultsfromtemperatureincreases,”thestudysaid.Thedesignoffutureexperimentsmayneedtobeimprovedtobetterpredicthowplantswillreacttoclimatechange,itsaid.PlantsarenecessaryforlifeontheEarth.Theyarethebaseofthefoodchain,usingphotosynthesis（光合作用）toproducesugarfromcarbondioxideandwater.Theyletoutoxygenwhichisneededbynearlyeveryorganismontheplanet. Scientistsbelievetheworldsaveragetemperaturehasrisenbyabout0.8°Csince1900,andnearly0.2°Ceverytenyearssince1979.Sofar,effortstocutemissions（排放）ofplanet-warminggreenhousegasesarenotseenasenoughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond2°Cthiscentury一apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangeableclimateinwhichweatherextremesarecommon,leadingtodrought,floods,cropfailuresandrisingsealevels.57.WhatisthekeyinformationtheauthorwantstogiveinParagraph1?A.Plants5reactiontoweathercouldhavedamagingeffectsonecosystems.B.Theincreasingspeedoffloweringisbeyondscientists9expectation.C.Climatechangeleadstothechangeoffoodproductionpatterns.D・Foodchainshavebeenseriouslydamagedbecauseofweather.58.WecanlearnfromthestudypublishedontheNaturewebsitethat・A.plants，floweringis8.5timesfasterthanleafingB•thereare1,634plantspeciesonthefourcontinentsC.scientistsshouldimprovethedesignoftheexperimentsD・lheexperimentsfailedtopredicthowplantsreacttoclimatechange59.Scientistspayspecialattentiontothestudyofplantsbecause・A.theycanprovetheclimatechangeclearlyB•theyareveryimportantinthefoodchainsC.theyplayaleadingroleinreducingglobalwarmingD・theyaregrowingandfloweringmuchfasterthanbefore60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworlcfstemperature?A.Ithasrisennearly0.2°Csince1979.B.Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes・C.Itis0.8°Chigherin1979thanthatof1900.D.Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2°Cinthiscentury.【要点综述】本文为科普类文章。文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前开花，进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。57.B细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引导的定语从句上。根据“Plantsarefloweringfasterthanscientistspredicted"可知，作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。故选B。A为次要信息。58.C推理判断题。第五段话“Itfoundthatsomeexperimentshadunderestima(cd(低估)thespeedoffloweringby8.5timesandleafingby4times.”暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选C。59.B细节理解题。根据第四段"Theysaidplantshadbeenthekeyobjectofstudybecausetheirreactiontoclimatechangecouldhaveaneffectonfoodchainsandecosystemservices：可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选Bo60.D推理判断题。从倒数第二段"・・・hasrisenbyaboul0.8°Csince1900,andnearly0.2°Ceverytenyearssince可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，女口果本世纪地球变暖超过2°C，便会出现weatherextremeso暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2°C的范围之内。故答案选DoH2・Forthosewhoaretiredofdoingthelaundry,Samsunghasfoundananswer:awashingmachinethatcantellyouwhenyourlaundryisdoneviaasmartphoneapp(application).Strangethoughitmayseem—"mywifealreadydoesthat"wasacommonresponseamongattendeesviewingthedevicewhenitwasintroducedattheConsumerElectronicsShow(CES)thisweek一Samsungisjustoneofmanyappliancemakersracingtoinstall(安装)alargenumberofInternet-connectedfeaturesinmachinesinanefforttomakethem“smnil”.Lastyear,itwasarefrigeratorthattweeted.Thisyear,ifsWi-Fi-enabledlaundrymachines andfridgesthatcantellyouwhenyourgroceriesaregoingbad・Thewashersanddryers,availablestartinginthespring,connecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadableapplication.Thephonecanthenbeusedasaremotecontrol,sothemachinescanbeturnedonandoffwhiletheirownerisatworkoronthebus.Samsungsaysit"snotjustsomethingnew一theappconnectionactuallyhassomepracticaluses.“Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgottotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhenyoucomehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo,nsaidspokespersonAmySchmidt.Thecompanyalsosaysthatwithelectricityrates（电彳介）varyingdependingonthetimeofday,morecontroloverwhenthemachinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney・Perhaps,butwhattheywillprobablyreallyaccomplishiswhatallgoodtechnologiesdo—enablelaziness.Ratherthangettinguptocheckonwhetherthelaundryisdone,userswillinsteadmonitoritontheirphoneswhilewatchingTV.72.WhatcanbeinferredfromthecommonresponseoftheattendeesattheCES?A.Themachinewillbeabigsuccess・B・Theirwiveslikedoingthelaundry.C.Themachineisunrelatedtotheirlift.A.Thiskindoftechnologyisfamiliartothem.73.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewlaundrymachines?A・Theycantellyouwhenyourclothesneedwashing・B・Theycanbecontrolledwithasmartphone・C・Theyaredifficulttooperate.D.Theyaresoldatalowprice.74.WecanconcludefromSamsung"sstatementsthat・A・theappconnectionmakeslifeeasierB.itisbettertodryclothesinthemorningC.smartphonescanshortenthedryingtimeD.weshouldrefreshclothesbackathome75・Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Thelaundryshouldbefrequentlychecked・B.Lazypeoplelikeusingsuchmachines.C・Goodtechnologiesalsocauseproblems-D.Televisionmayhelpdothelaundry.【要点综述】短文介绍了一种能为人们带来便利的洗衣机，但是也向我们提出了一个令人思考的问题：新科技会让人们越来越懒惰，如何应对这个问题或许值得深思。72.D推理判断题。由第二段的Strangethoughitmayseem—“mywifealreadydoesthat"wasacommonresponseamongattendeesviewingthedevicewhenitwasintroducedattheConsumerElectronicsShow（CES）thisweek看出"‘尽管看上去有点奇怪，但是这项技术对于人们来说已经很熟悉了”。故选D。73.B推理判断题。由第四段的"Thewashersanddryers,availablestartinginthespring,comecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadableapplication.Thephonecanthenbeusedasaremotecontrol看出它是由智能手机控制的，由此可知选择B项。74.A推理判断题。根据文中对这一洗衣机装置以及其功能和操作的描述可以看出，它使得人们的生活更加轻松便捷。故选A。75.C主旨大意题。最后一段的Perhaps,butwhattheywillprobablyreallyaccomplishiswhatallgoodtechnologiesdo—enablelaziness.告诉我们，该项技术能使人们变懒，也就是C项所说的“优良技术也会带来问题”。故选C。113.Youmaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport,butitisreallynothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong・Butyouneedtobequick・Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesabout thewind.First,youmustaskyourself,uWhereisthewindcomingfrom?Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.Let"sstartwiththewindblowingfrombehind・Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata90°angle（角度）totheboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboat.Inthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn"tflap（摆动）.Itshouldn"tlooklikeaflagonaflagpole.Ifitisflapping,itisprobablyouttoofar,andtheboatwillslowdown・Sailingintothewindisnotpossible.Ifyoutry,thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop•Youmaywanttogointhatdirection・Itispossible,butyoucan"tgoinastraightline・Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretacking,youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.45.Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?A.Sailors1strength.B.Wavelevels.A.Winddirections.D.Sizeofsails.46.Whatdoestheword"VunderlinedinParagraph4referto?A.Theboat.B.Thewind.C.Thesail.D.Theangle.47.Whatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainstthewind?A.Moveinastraightline・B•Allowthesailtoflap.C.Lowerthesail.D・Tacktheboat.48.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A.Inapopularmagazine.B-Inatouristguidebook・C.Inaphysicstextbook・B.Inanofficialreport.【要点综述】本文主要介绍了航行中关于风向的问题。首先要考虑风向，然后再根据风是从船的后面，侧面还是前面来确定航行的方法。45.C细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句话"Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.,?和第二段的内容，可知首先要考虑风向的问题。A项是不需要考虑的，B项和D项没有提及。46.C代词指代题。结合第四段中Tnthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat."中的thesail可知后面的it指的是"风帆”。而不是"船”,"风”或"角度”。47.D细节理解题。从最后一段的"Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.••-Thisiscalledtacking."可知是逆风航行的时候要不断地改变方向，因此选D。48.A推理判断题。本文主要涉及的是大众的航行运动的知识，而不是有关旅游和物理方面的知识，也不是一个官方的报告，因此选A。114.Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions（使命）oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishtheday"swork.ThistypeofscheduleisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternationalSpaceStation（ISS）.ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework・Theycancommunicatewithfamilyandfriendsbyemail, Internetphoneandthroughprivatevideoconferences・Whileastronautscannotgotoabaseballgameoramovieinorbit,therearemanyfamiliaractivitiesthattheycanstillenjoy.Beforeamission,thefamilyandfriendsofeachISScrewmemberputtogetheracollectionoffamilyphotos,messages,videosandreadingmaterialfortheastronautstolookatwhentheywillbefloating370kilometersabovetheEarth.Duringtheirmission,thecrewalsoreceivescarepackageswithCDs,books,magazines,photosandletters・Andasfromearly2010,theInternetbecameavailableontheISS,givingastronautsthechancetodosome"websurfing（冲浪）”intheirpersonaltime.Besidesrelaxingwiththesemorecommonentertainments,astronautscansimplyenjoytheexperienceoflivinginspace.ManyastronautssaythatoneofthemostrelaxingthingstodoinspaceistolookoutthewindowandstareattheuniverseandtheEarth.BoththeshuttleandtheISScircletheplanetseveraltimeseachday,andeverymomentoffersanewviewoftheEarth’svastlandmassandoceans・60