《雅思作文开头段》PPT课件.ppt 42页

HowtowriteIntroduction Whatisanintroduction?1.Providethereaderwiththetopicandpurposeoftheessay.2.Attracttheaudience’sinterestintothetopic.3.Offersaplanforthefollowingargument. Howtowriteintroduction1Backgroundinformation2Issue:canbeaquestionorastatement3Thesisstatement:mostimportantsentence Examplesaboutthebackgroundsentence1.Asoneofthemostimportantinventionsofthetwentiethcentury_________hasawideapplicationinallaspectsofourlives.物2.Inrecentyears,anincreasingnumberofpeoplehavebeguntochallengeagainsttheexistingpracticeof________________.Theyarguethat______________.事 Moreexamples1Alongwiththesteadygrowthinthecountry’seconomyaswellasthepeople’slivingstandard,therhythmofpeople’slivingisspeedingupandalotofchangeshavetakenplaceintheirdailylife.人2Alongwiththesteadygrowthinthecountry’seconomyaswellasthepeople’slivingstandard,peopleattachmoreimportanceto_____.人，事 MoreexamplesAlongwiththedevelopmentofsociety,//increasinglyrapideconomicglobalizationandurbanization,moreandmoreproblemsarebroughttoourattention,oneofwhichisthat____________报告 Introductionplaysthedualroleofsettingthethemeofyouressayengagingthereader Whatisathesisstatement?themainideaoftheessayNotafactualstatement,butaclaimthathastobeproventhroughouttheessay Whatisathesisstatement?1.Thestructureofathesisstatement?debatableSththatcanbeviewedfrommorethanoneangle1.Morethan50%oftrafficdeathsarealcohol-relatedFactcannotbedebated2.Ihatethetasteofalcoholpersonalfeelingscannotbedebated3.Ourcountryshouldhaveadrinkingage.debatable Trytobediplomatic1.UselesswordslikeNo,all,always,Never2.Usemorewordslike:major,main,mainly,atleast,probably,itislikelythat3.shouldItis/wouldbewisefor..to…Itisurgent//hightimeto… AvoidsomeChineseway1Anyreasonablepersonwouldagreethat……2Anyfoolcanplainlysee…3Evenafive-year-oldchildknows…4Undoubtedly,orCertainly,5Itisobviousthat… Whatisathesisstatement?Howtointroduceyouropinion?1.Ibelieve…2.Inmyopinion,…3.Iwouldarguethat…4.Itendtomaintainthat…5.Itseemstomethat…althoughIamnoexpert,itseemstomethat…6.Iproposethat…7.Thereisplentifulevidencetosuggestthat… Agoodwaytowrite1.Dividethesisstatementintotwoorthreeparts.2.Firststatethesubjectandthenpresentsthesupportsbyusing:because,for,since,as,dueto,in,inthatA.moreorderlyandmanageable.B.Supportingthethought Examples1.Capitalpunishmentshouldbeabolished.Capitalpunishmentshouldbeabolishednotonlybecauseitdeprivesanotherpersonoflifebutalsobecauseitdoesnotstopcrime.2.Pollutionconstitutesaseriousproblemtohumanity.Airandwaterpollution… Moreexamples1.Itmakessensetoattendajuniorcollege,forthequalityofinstitutionishighandthecostislow.2.Theprofessionoflawdemandsthreeimportantqualitiesofmind:theabilitytoanalyzeideas,aninterestinpeople,andpatiencewithdetails. Examplesonexpressingopinions单边倒1.Iwouldstatemyobjectiontothisissueafteranalyzingthefollowingthreereasons.（不同意）2.Butifonehasconsideredthefollowingperspectives,hecouldmostprobablyagreewiththetitlestatementasIdo. Moreexamplesonexpressingyouropinions侧重一边1.Frommypointofview,itismoreadvisabletochooseAthantochooseB.侧outweigh2.ThoughAhassomeadvantagesanditispopulartosomeextent,Bwillcontinuetoplayamoreimportantroleandwillnotfadeoutinpeople’slife.侧重 Moreexamplesonexpressingyouropinions双方面1.Astowhetheritisablessingoracurse,however,peopletakedifferentattitudes.（两边）2.Beforegivingmyopinion,Ithinkitisimportanttolookattheargumentonbothsides. Howtowriteintroduction1．对立法2．现象法3.比较法4．观点法5．引用法6,故事法7,问题法 一．对立法Whenaskedabout….,themajorityof/manypeoplebelievethat….However/but/nevertheless,….Whenaskedaboutthebiggestproblemtoday,manypeoplesaythatitistheseriousenergycrisis.Theyareafraidthattheworldwillsoonrunoutofoilandrunshortoffood.However,Iholdanoptimisticview:Ijustregarditasanaturalresultoftheeconomicdevelopmentandbelieveitwillbeonlysolvedwithfurtheradvancesineconomyandtechnology. 一．对立法Thereisacontroversynowadaysabouttheproblemof….Thosewhoobjecttoitbelievethat……Butpeoplewhoareinfavorof…,ontheotherhand,maintainthat…Thereisageneraldebateonthecampustodayoverthephenomenonofcollegestudents’doingapart-timejob.Thosewhoobjecttoitmaintainthatstudentsshouldnotspendtheirprecioustimeinthisway.Butpeoplewhoadvocateit,ontheotherhand,claimthat,bytakingamajor-relatedpart-timejoborsummerjob,studentscannotonlyimprovetheiracademicstudies,butgainmuchexperience,whichtheywillneverbeabletogetfromthetextbooks.Formypart,Iagreetothelatteropinionduetothefollowingthreereasons. 一．对立法Itiscommonlybelievedthat….ButIdoubtitisasatisfactoryexplanation/solution.Whenitcomesto…,theoppositionvoicepointtodrawbacks….Supporters,ontheotherhand,contendthat…Manypeoplebelievethat….However,thereislittleevidence/itisquestioned/doubtedthat…Supporter---opponentOppositionvoice---supportiveopinionPeoplewhoadvocate/favor---peoplewhoopposeto/objectto GoodsampleThereissomeagreementnowadaysthatreadingisnotasnecessaryasitoncewas.Radioandespeciallytelevisionhavetakenovermanyofthefunctionsservedbyprint.Admittedly,televisionservessomeofthesefunctionsextremelywell;thevisualcommunicationofnewsevents,forexample,hasenormousimpact.Butitmaybeseriouslyquestionedwhethertheadventofmoderncommunicationsmediahasmuchenhancedourintellectualskills. GoodsampleTherearemanydifferentopinionsonthebestwaytoreducecrime.Thetraditionalsolutionistobehardoncriminalsandputtheminprisonforaverylongtime.Anopposingviewisexpressedbypeoplewithmoremodernideas.Theythinkthateducationandcommunityworkarethelong-termsolutionstocuttingcrime.Sowhoisright-thetraditionalistsorthemodernists? 二．现象法(report常用)Inrecentyears,manycountries/peoplehavefaced/seen/troubledwith/experienced/witnessed/undergonetheseriousproblemof/(acuteshortageof/alarmingincreasein)…Drugabuseamongyoungpeoplehasbecomemoreandmoreprevalentinrecentyears,whichposealethalthreattothewell-beingofthesocietyandfamiliesasawhole.Whatthereasonsareforthisandwhatcanbedonetocombatithavearouseddeepconcern. sampleApersonlivinginthetwenty-firstcenturyhasseenmanychangestakeplaceinalmostallareasofhumanlife.Somepeopleareexcitedbythechallengesthatthesechangesoffer;otherslongtoreturntothesimpler,lessautomatedlifestyleofthepast.Livinginthetwenty-firstcenturyhascertainadvantages,suchasahigherstandardofliving,butitalsohassomedisadvantages,suchasapollutedenvironment,thedepersonalizationofhumanrelationships,andtheweakeningofspiritualvalues. 现象法Thereisagrowingtendency(to/in/that)…generalbelief(in/that)…nation-widerecognition(of/that)…generalawareness(of/that)…deepconcern(over/for/that)…greatdemandfor…growingenthusiasmfor(Nowadays/currently/recently)Thereisagrowingconcernovertheheavyburden,bothacademicandpsychological,thatourchildrenhavetobear. sampleAmuchdebatedissuethesedaysiswhethercitizensshouldtakeoutprivatehealthinsuranceornot.Thecostofprovidingfreemedicalcareforboththewealthyandpoorisfartoogreatforanygovernment.Inthisessay,Iwillarguethatallwhocanafforditshouldbeinsured,butfreemedicalcaremustbemadeavailableforthosetoopoortodoso. GoodsampleTelevisionisthemostpopularformofentertainmentinmanyhouseholds.Peopleofallagesusethismediumtoentertainthemselvesforanaverageoffourhoursaday.Thus,televisionhashadatremendousinfluenceonitsviewers,especiallychildren.Scientistsnowsaythatchildrencanbeadverselyaffectedbyconstantlywatchingtelevision.Thisisduetothefactthattheyparticipatelessinphysicalactivities,spendlesstimereadingandstudying,andseeaworldofviolencethataffecttheirownfeelingsofsecurity. GoodsampleMetropolitancityisfullofcharmandscenicbeauty,sovisitorsfromaroundtheworldcometoenjoyitsfamoustheaters,museums,countlessethnicrestaurants,andscenicwonders.Althoughmetropolitancityseemslikeaparadise,itisnot,forthecityhasseveralseriousproblems:poorpublictransportation,congestedstreets,andexpensivehousing. 比较法Foryears/untilrecently….hadbeen(seen/viewed/regarded)as…But(thatischangingnow/peoplearetakingafreshlookatit).Withthe(growing)(demandfor/interestin/concernover)…,people….Foryears,women’sdomainhavebeenconsideredinthekitchenandlaundry.Butthatischangingnow.Withthegrowingawarenessandconstantfightingforequalrights,womenarenolongerregardedasthe“weakersex”. GoodsampleForcenturies,peoplehavefantasizedthatsomedaymachinescouldhaveintelligencelikemankindandworkasfaithfulservants.Todaythisdreamhascometrueinmanyfieldsthankstorapiddevelopmentinartificialintelligenceresearch.Wonderfulasthisseems,machineshaveproblems. GoodsampleRecentadvancesinthefieldsofmedicineandbiotechnologyhavebroughtaboutsituationsthatcouldscarcelybeimaginedonlyagenerationago,suchasexactduplicatesofanimalscanbemade.Whilesuchscientificachievementsmayultimatelybenefitmankind,theyhavealsocreatedcomplexlegalandethicalissues. 观点法Ibelievethatchild-rearingshouldbetheresponsibilityofbothparentsandthat,whilsttheroleswithinthatpartnershipmaybedifferent,theyareneverthelessequalinimportance.Insomesocieties,ithasbeenmadeeasierovertheyearsforsingleparentstoraisechildrenontheirown.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatthetraditionalfamily,withbothparentsprovidingemotionalsupportandrole-modelsfortheirchildren,isnotthemostsatisfactorywayofbringingupchildren. 引用法Oneofthegreat(men/writers/philosophers/scientists)(said/wrote/remarked)that….Oneofthegreatancientphilosophersaid,“givemeafish,andIwilleatforaday;teachmetofish,andIwilleatforalifetime.”Suchconceptisstillusedbyteachersincontemporarysocietyanditconvincedmethatteacherscouldnotbereplacedbycomputerlearning. 故事法Onceuponatimetherewas….The(tale/story)maybe(unbelievable/unreal),but(itstillhasarealisticsignificance/itsunderlyingmoralhascontinuingrelevance)(today).OnceuponatimetherewasagirlcalledCinderella,pooranddisrespectedbyherstepmotherandsisters,turnedouttobetheprincessofthecountry.Thetalemaybeunreal,butitstillhasarealisticsignificance.Thatis,donotlookatapersononlyfromhisoriginorappearance. 问题法(Should/What)…?Opinionsof/attitudestoward…varywidely.Someregard/viewitas…,othersargue/believe/claimthat….Shouldascientistberesponsibleforhisdiscoveries?Opinionsvarywidely/greatly./Opinionsaresharplydivided./Opinionsvaryfrompersontoperson.Tosomepeople,thefunctionofthescientistinsocietyistosupplyknowledgeandheneedn’tconcernhimselfwiththeusestowhichhisknowledgeordiscoveriesmaybeput.Butothersarguethatascientisthasadutytomakesurethathisdiscoveryisusedfor,notagainst,society. 问题法Itisindeedthecasethatmostcountrieshaveseenanincreaseincrimeoverrecentyears.Theunderlyingcausesofthisrisearecomplexandnoteasilyanalyzed.Whataresomeofthefactorsinvolved,andwhatactioncangovernmentstaketopreventfurtherincrease? 问题+对立WilltheThreeGorgesProjectprovetobeamonumentalachievementornothingmorethanagiantfiasco?Oppositionvoicespointtodrawbackssuchasthemassivecostoftheproject,theneedtorelocatemillionsoflocalresidentsanddestructionoftheuniquenaturalenvironment.Supporters,ontheotherhand,contendthattheadvantages,likeimprovedfloodcontrol,increasedpowergenerationcapacity,anddesirableimpactoneconomicdevelopmentinrelatedareas,willfaroutweighthedisadvantages.Timewilltellandhistorywilljudgethewisdomoftheproject. PracticeShouldcigarettesmokingbeprohibited? ExamplesofanintroductionShouldcigarettesmokingbeprohibited?NoAseconomyandsocietydevelop,agrowingnumberofpeoplearepayingattentiontotheirhealth,somanyofthemdenysmokingbecausetheybelieveitisharmfultotheirhealth.However,inmyopinion,atleasttwobenefitscanbegainedincigaretteindustry. ExamplesofanintroductionAseconomyandsocietydevelop,competitionhasbecomeincreasinglyfierce,somanypeoplesmoketorelievethepressurefromtheirwork.Butinmyopinion,smokingisharmfulatleastinthreeaspects.Shouldcigarettesmokingbeprohibited?yes