高一英语语法知识——非谓语动词人教版知识精讲 17页

高一英语语法知识——非谓语动词人教版【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：语法知识——非谓语动词二.教学目标初步掌握非谓语的基本结构及用法三.教学重难点掌握非谓语所能够充当的句子成分（一）非谓语的分类以及各自在句子中所能充当的成分。非谓语分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。（动名词和现在分词形式相同）以下表格表示的是它们各自所能充当的成分：类别成分主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√1.不定式（todo，tobedoing，tohavedone，tobedone，tobebeingdone，tohavebeendone） （1）不定式在句子中做主语。如：Tobespokenhighlyofishisaim.Togothereintimeishismostimportanttasknow.Itishismostimportanttasktogothereintime.Itisagreatjoytoplayfootball.Whentostartisthequestion.（2）不定式在句子中做宾语。（以“todo”做宾语的动词主要有：ask，want，wish，hope，expect，help，refuse，learn，demand，dare，choose，arrange，decide，agree，promise，plan，offer，manage，pretend，prepare，fail，determine，long，seem等）如：Theypretendedtohavefinishedtheirwork.Hehadplannedtofinishitintime.Theythoughtitnecessarytogotochurcheveryweekend.Wefinditgoodtohaveawalkeveryday.Theydon’tnowwheretogo.（3）不定式在句子中做表语。如：Hisdreamistobetaughtbythatfamousprofessor.Theonlythinghewantstodonowistostudyhard.Hisaimistogetthefirstplaceinthegame.Thequestioniswhichonetochoose.（4）不定式在句子中做状语。如：Hegotthereontimejusttoseethatfilm.Wetoldhimthetruthtomakehimatease.Hegotupearlyinordertocatchtheearlytrain. Hegothomeonlytofindthathishomewasbrokeninto.（5）不定式在句子中做定语。如：Thatistheroomforustolivein.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.Canyougetmesomethingtoeat?Theycan’tchoosetherightpersontoleave.Themantobesentthereisadoctor.Themantogothereismybrother.Hehasachancetogoabroad.Heisalwaysthefirst/last（one）togettoschool.Heisthebest（one）tofinishthework.（6）在句子中做宾补及词组中的不定式。（以“todo”做宾补的动词主要有：ask，want，tell，get，order，beg，advise，warn，hate，like，encourage等；以“do”作宾补的动词主要有：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，let，make，have等），有些形容词词组后面也要接不定式这样的形容词主要有：surprised，excited，pleased，interested，worried，angry，proud，sorry，satisfied，afraid，ready，able；kind，easy，right，wrong，important，necessary，good，clever，wise等。如：Theyencouragedustogoahead.Hehasgotsomebodytogethisbookback.Wesawhimgodownstairsandleavethehouse.Hismothermadehimdohishomeworkuntil10o’clock.Heispleasedtohaveseenyouhere.I’mgladtobetalkingtoyoulikethis.Itiscleverofhimtodoso.Itisluckyforhimtobeinvitedtothismeeting.2.动名词： （1）动名词在句子中做主语。（与不定式比较）如：Tobeagoodteacherishisdream.Beingdelayedbythebadtrafficishisusualexcuseforhisbeinglate.Togothereintimeishismostimportanttasknow.Lookingafterthebabiesistheeverydayjobshemustdo.Todoourhomeworkcarefullyisveryusefulforus.It’sveryusefulforustodoourhomeworkcarefully.Doingourhomeworkcarefullyisveryusefulforus.Itisnouseworkinghardnow.（2）动名词在句子中做宾语。（以“doing”做宾语的动词主要有：mind，enjoy，finish，suggest，avoid，consider，fancy，imagine，escape，risk，miss，prevent，deny，admit，delay，giveup，putoff，leaveoff，setabout，feellike，insiston，stickto，keepon，keepup，keep，dependon，thinkabout/of，succeedin，can’thelp，can’tstand，be/getusedto，devoteoneselfto，lookforwardto，payattentionto，objectto等）如：Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?Hekeptonrunningaftertrippingoverhimself.Youcanneverdependonhercomingontime.Theyarethinkingabout/ofmakingTomsaysorrytotheteacher.Thecarneedstoberepaired.Thecarneedsrepairing.Theyliketogowithustoday.Theylikeswimmingaftersupper.Theycan’thelpcryingwhilewatchingthissadfilm.I’vegotusedtodoingmyhomeworkwhilelisteningtomusic.Theylookforwardtoseeingyou. Iforgotlockingthedoor,andIwentbacktocheckit.（3）动名词在句子中做表语。如：Hisjobisfeedinganimals.Hisjobistofeedanimals.Theonlythinghedoeseverydayisreadingnewspaper.Theonlythinghewantstodonowistostudyhard.（4）动名词在句子中做定语。如：Canyoutellmewherethereadingroomis?Whichisthesleepingcarofthistrain?Canyoutellmewherethewashingroomis?注意：有些动词后面既可以接不定式又可以接动名词，而且这些动词又分为两类：1.接不定式或动名词意义基本不变的有：like，love，hate，begin，start，continue，attempt，afford，prefer，propose，intend，neglect，can’tbear等。如：Hebegandoing/todohishomework.Hecontinueddoing/todohishomework.Ican’taffordgoing/togothere.Heintendedagreeing/toagreetothisplan.Hejustneglecteddoing/todothisjob.Theycan’tbearhearing/tohearthisatall.2.接不定式或动名词意义有变化的有：try，remember，forget，regret，mean，stop，goon等。如：Hetriedtofindthenearestpolicestation.（设法做…） Thisdressisnotsosuitableforyou.Whynottryputtinganotheron?（试试做…）Remembertocallme.（记着去做…）Herememberedseeingmebefore.（记得做过…）Heforgottolockthedoor.（忘记去做…）Heforgotlockingthedoor.（忘记做过…）Iregrettotellyouapieceofbadnew.（抱歉要做…）Iregretsayingthistoyou.（抱歉做过…）Hemeanttocamehere.（打算做…）Missingthetrainmeansstayinghereforanother2days.（意味着…）Hestoppedtalking.（停止做…）Hestoppedtotalktome.（停下来做…）Hewentondoinghishomeworkafterarest.（继续做同一事）HewentontowatchTVafterfinishinghishomework.（继续做下一事）3.后接动名词宾语表示被动的几个动词，形容词：need，want，require，deserve，beworthThecarneeds/wants/requiresrepairing.Thisbookdeserves/isworthreading.【典型例题】[例1]Weallthinkituseful______English.A.learningB.beinglearntC.tolearnD.tobelearnt（答案为C，不定式做宾语，用形式主语it来代）[例2]Whatagreatsurpriseitis______herhere!A.seeingB.toseeC.seeD.thatsee（答案为B，不定式做主语，用形式主语it来代）[例3]Hetriedhisbesttogettothetrainstationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.A.findB.tofindC.findingD.tobefound （答案为B，不定式做结果状语）[例4]Theyhaveagood______oftheChineseculture（文化）.A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.tobeunderstood（答案为B，名词understanding，做“了解，理解”讲）[例5]Theyhavedevotedthemselvesto______.A.teachB.teachingC.taughtD.teaches（答案为B，动名词当宾语）[例6]______aftertheanimalsishisdaily（日常的）work.A.LookB.TolookC.LookingD.Looked（答案为C，抽象的日常的用动名词）[例7]Thebuilding______herenowisahospital.A.tobuildB.tobebuiltC.buildingD.beingbuilt（答案为D，现在分词作定语）[例8]It’snogoodoften______othersforhelp.A.askingB.askC.toaskD.asked（答案为A，It’snodoing句式）[例9]Whathasmadeyousosad?______.A.LostB.LosingC.BecauseIhavelostD.SinceIlost（答案为B，上句中提问一个名词性质的词）[例10]Heisbeginning______hismistakes.A.seeingB.toseeC.sawD.seen（答案为B，begin/start后面动名词与不定式都可以，且意义区别不大，但如果它们以进行时出现后面则必须用不定式避免重复）[例11]______istobelieve.A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SawD.Seen（答案为B，此种句式要求前后对称） [例12]Heobjectsto______thenewbuilding.A.buildB.bebuiltC.buildingD.beingbuilt（答案为C，objecttodoing反对做…）【模拟试题】一.用不定式完成下列各句：1.Thedoctortold.（李蕾好好休息）2.Didyounotice?（有人离开房间吗？）3.IsawTom.（走进了书店）4.Iheard.（有人敲门）5.Youmustget.（他今晚到这儿来一趟）6.It’simportant.（学习英语发音）7.Ihope.（很快接到你的来信）8.Becareful.（别感冒）9.Ilikeinsummer.（去钓鱼）10.Iwant.（成为一名教师）11.Thisbookis.（不容易懂）12.Hewastooexcited.（说不出话来）13.You’dbetterspeakclearly.（我们能听得更清楚一些）14.Hewaspleased.（看见她身体这样好）15.HanMeimeispentallhermoney.（为了穿得漂亮）16.Hello,MrBlack,Ihavesomethingimportant.（要告诉你）17.Iwantyou.（告诉我那个消息）18.Canyoutellme.（如何去那书店）19.Doyouknow.（怎么写这个句子）20.Heaskedme.（下一步该做什么）二.用动词的适当形式填空： 1.Ishallneverforget（meet）himonthefirstdayatcollege.2.Doyouenjoy（visit）friends?3.Ireallydon’tknowwhat（say）.4.Heiscleverat（learn）languages.5.Iexpectyou（come）atsix.6.I’mlookingforwardto（come）backhome.7.Thestudentsweretold（notgo）outoftheschool.8.Theygotusedto（live）withhim.9.Sheisafraidof（bepraised）.10.Wecanhelpyou（get）inthecrops,andyou’dbetter（have）arest.11.Thetwooldfriendscontinued（talk）witheachother.12.Iamsuretheprofessorhasagreed（meet）me.13.Heseems（havefinished）hisjob.14.Iallowedher（go）home.15.Thebookseemseasy（read）.16.Ican’thelp（think）of（come）hereagain.17.It’seasy（say）butdifficult（do）.18.Thebookisworth（read）.19.Iused（go）toschoollate.20.It’sapleasure（meet）thenewteachersand（hear）them（introduce）themselves.21.Heblamed（指责）mefor（notbe）hereontime.22.Your（see）himagainmustbeasurprisetoyou.23.It’sawasteoftime（try）todothisjob.24.Iobjectto（have）themeetinghere.25.Iamsorryfor（disturb）you. 三.选择填空：1.Theboypromised（许诺）himmorehelp.A.giveB.togiveC.thathegiveD.thathegive2.Theteacheragreedlessonstohisstudents.A.giveB.thathegiveC.togiveD.thathewillgive3.Allthestudentslearnedupwordsinadictionary.A.lookhowB.howtolookC.howlookD.tohowlook4.Nobodyknewalivinginthatcountry.A.togoB.tomakeC.howtogoD.howtomake5.Thepatientrefused（拒绝）anymedicine.A.haveB.tohaveC.howtohaveD.tohowhave6.Theteacherexplained（解释）tothemthepiano.A.thattheyplayedB.howtheyplayC.toplayD.howtoplay7.IwantyoutotheSummerPalace.Willyougo?A.thatItakeB.thatIwilltakeC.totakeD.howtotake8.Thebabystarted.Tryitquiet.A.cry;keepB.tocry;tokeepC.tocry;keepD.cry;tokeep9.Hehopesbetter,butneverworkshard.A.howtostudyB.tohowstudyC.tostudyhowD.tostudy10.Doyouunderstandthecar?A.howtodriveB.tohowdriveC.todriveD.thatyoudrive11.Didyounoticethelittleboyaway?A.tooktheappleandrunB.taketheappleandrun C.takingtheappleandrunD.whotakingtheappleandrun12.Ineverheardhimso.A.sayB.tosayC.sayingD.havingsaid13.Doyouoftenseeherforhimatthebusstop?A.waitB.towaitC.waitingD.beingwaited14.Theteachermadeherstudentstexttwiceaday.A.recitetheB.recitingtheC.torecitetheD.recitedthe15.Shewasseenpaperplanesintheroom.A.madeB.tomakeC.makesD.making16.ThedoctoradvisedLaoLimorerest.A.thathegetB.togetC.wouldgetD.get17.TellMarytothem.A.notpointB.nottopointC.tonotpointD.pointnot18.WesometimesheardsongsinEnglish.A.thathesingB.thathesingsC.himtosingD.himsing19.Iwon’thavehimathismother.A.shoutB.toshoutC.shoutingD.tohaveshouted20.Hemadeusonthetree.A.go…TowaterB.togo…towaterC.go…wateringD.togo…water21.Motheroftentellsmesomewashing.A.helpherdoB.tohelpherdoC.helphertomakeD.tohelphertomake22.Wehavenomoneyandnoplace.A.toliveinB.toliveC.livinginD.living23.Ihaveafewwordstoyou. A.sayB.tosayC.speakD.tospeak24.Thereisnochairforme.A.tositatB.sitwithC.tositD.tositon25.Doyouhaveanythingforyourself?A.tellB.sayC.totellD.tosay26.HereisthepenIwant.A.towritewithB.towriteC.writingD.towriting27.Hehassomethingaboutwiththem.A.totalkB.talkC.totellD.tell28.Heisalwaysthefirstandthelast.A.coming,leavingB.tocome,toleaveC.comes,leavesD.come,leave29.Wehavenotimearest.A.tomakeB.makeC.takingD.tohave30.Wehavealotofthings.A.welearnB.westudyC.tolearnD.tostudy31.Ihavethreemoreletterstoday.A.IwriteB.towriteC.towritetoD.writing32.Theydidn’thavemuchtime.A.tothinkitoverB.tothinkoveritC.couldthinkitoverD.couldthinkoverit33.Therearequitemanybooks.A.toreadB.readC.readingD.toberead34.Idon’tfeelsomecooking.A.enoughwelltodoB.wellenoughtodoC.enoughwellanddoD.wellenoughanddo35.Tomiswaitingthedoctor.A.toseeB.fortoseeC.forseeingD.forsee 36.ThestudentsusedbikeswaterforGrannyWang.A.tocarryB.carryC.carryingD.carried37.HisspeechinEnglishwasdifficult.A.infollowingB.forbeingfollowedC.tofollowD.tobefollowedby38.Thewaterisgood.A.todrinkitB.tobedrunkC.todrinkD.atdrinking39.Doyouthinkhimeasy?A.togetalongwithB.togetalongC.tobegotalongwithD.tobegotalong40.Themanrunoutwhatwaswrongwithhishorse.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.forseeing41.Thisbookisdifficult.A.tobereadB.toreadC.readD.forreading42.Rememberthebookintimewhenyouhavefinishedit.A.toreturn;readingB.returning;readingC.returning;toreadD.toreturn;toread43.You’dbetterthewindownow.A.notopenB.tonotopenC.nottoopenD.notopening44.Thisistheroom.A.formetoliveB.formelivingC.mylivinginD.formetolivein四.选择：1.Shedoesn’tfeellike______therewithyou.A.goB.goingC.togoD.went2.Pleaseremember______yournewspaperhere.A.takeB.totakeC.takingD.taken 3.Isthisyour______stick?A.walkB.walkedC.walkingD.towalk4.Themanlefttheroomwithout______byanybody.A.seeingB.seenC.beseenD.beingseen5.Hekeptup______everyday.A.runB.torunC.runningD.ran6.Thedriverlookedsadlyatthebrokencar,______howmuchitwouldcosttorepairit.A.wonderB.wonderedC.wondersD.wondering7.Thestudentsarewaitingfortheproblems______（解决）.A.solvedB.solveC.tosolveD.tobesolved8.Hesuggested______himtohospitalatonce.A.takeB.totakeC.takingD.took9.Theyarethinkingabout______off______themeeting.A.put,holdB.putting,holdingC.putting,holdD.put,holding10.Theyforgot______meabookalready,andgavemeasecondone.A.giveB.gaveC.togiveD.giving11.Theycan’tstand______likethis.A.betalkedtoB.tobetalkedtoC.beingtalkedtoD.talkingto12.Doyouthinkitnecessary______thisworkeveryday?A.doB.doingC.todoD.done13.Theboyisalwaysthebestone______thejob.A.tofinishB.finishC.finishingD.finished14.Heisalwaysthefirst______andthelastone______.A.tocome,toleaveB.coming,leavingC.come,leaveD.come,left 15.Thefirstthingheisgoingtodotodayis______.A.feedtheanimalsB.feedingtheanimalsC.tofeedtheanimalsD.fedtheanimals.16.______withhimisagreatpleasure.A.TalkB.TalkingC.TotalkD.Talked17.It’sbest______himnow.A.notdisturbB.nottodisturbC.notdisturbingD.notdisturbed18.Hehoped______homesoon.A.hertocomeB.tocomeC.comeD.coming19.Ourplanis______ourcountrymorebeautiful.A.makeB.makingC.tomakeD.made20.Theboywasoftennoticed______theroadwiththeredlighton.A.crossB.crossingC.tocrossD.crossed 【试题答案】一.1.LiLeitohaveagoodrest2.anyoneleavetheroom3.gointothebookshop4.someoneknockatthedoor5.himtocomeoverherethisevening6.tolearnEnglishpronunciation7.tohearfromyousoon（togetyourlettersoon）8.nottohave（get,catch）acold9.togofishing10.tobeateacher11.noteasytounderstand12.tosayaworld13.forustohearyoubetter14.toseeherinsuchgoodhealth15.inordertobewelldressed16.totellyou17.totellmethenews18.howtogettothebookshop19.howtowritethesentence20.whattodonext二.1.meeting2.visiting3.tosay4.learning5.tocome6.coming7.nottogo8.living9.beingpraised10.（to）get;have11.talk/totalk12.to meet13.tohavefinished14.togo15.toread16.thinking;coming17.tosay;todo18.reading19.togo20.tomeet;（to）hear;introduce21.notbeing22.seeing23.trying24.having25.disturbing三.1.B2.C3.B4.D5.B6.D7.C8.B9.D10.A11.B12.A13.A14.A15.B16.B17.B18.D19.A20.C21.B22.A23.B24.D25.D26.A27.A28.B29.D30.C31.B32.A33.A34.B35.A36.A37.C38.C39.A40.A41.B42.A43.A44.D四.1.B2.B3.C4.D5.C6.D7.D8.C9.B10.D11.C12.C13.A14.A15.A16.C17.B18.B19.C20.C