高二英语语法专练非谓动词动词不定式 人教版 教案 5页

高二英语语法专练非谓动词动词不定式I.TheFormsoftheInfinitive:1.Theaffirmativeform:to+dosth./dosth.2.Thenegativeform:not(never)todosth./not(never)dosth.3.Theinterrogativeform:wh-/how+todosth.II.TheFunctionsoftheInfinitive1.Subject:(1)Form:±(Not)Todosth.+V+…±It+V+…+(not)todosth.(2)Examples:Toseeistobelieve.Nottomeethimatthepartymadeusdisappointed.Itisveryimportanttolearnhowtousethecomputer.Ittooktheworkersthreeyearstofinishbuildingthebridge.【Note】Itisonlytheformalsubjectinthesentence.Therealsubjectistheinfinitiveinthelasttwosentences.2.Predicative:(1)Form:±S+Be+(not)todosth./dosth.(2)Examples:Thedutyofanurseistotakegoodcareofthepatients.ThepurposeofHopeProjectistohelpthepoorchildreninthecountryside.Thestudents’taskinschoolistostudyhard,nottoplay.Allthattheycandois(to)waitforthenews.WhatIshoulddois(to)helpthosewhoareintrouble.【Note】Whenthesubjectisaclausewiththewords“all,what,do”,theinfinitiveusedaspredicativecanomitthesignoftheinfinitive“to”.3.Object:(1)Form:±S+Vt+(not)todosth.±S+link.v+adj.+(not)todosth.±S+Vt+wh-/howtodosth.=S+V(t)+objectclause.±S+Vt+it+adj./n.+todosth.(2)Examples:Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Theydecidedtostartearlytomorrowmorning.I’msorrytohearthebadnews.Youarefreetogoorstay. Idon’tknowwhattodonext.(=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.)Theydidn’tdecidehowtogotothestation.(=Theydidn’tdecidehowtheycouldgotothestation.)Ifounditnecessarytotalkwithhimagain.Hefeltitapitynottoseehisformerteacherattheparty.【Note】(1)TheinfinitivefollowsapredicativeadjectiveasObjectinthemiddlesentences.(2)Theinfinitiveusedasobjectwiththeinterrogativewordscanbechangedintoanobjectclause.(3)“It”isonlytheformalobjectinthesentence.Therealobjectistheinfinitiveinthelasttwosentences.4.Complement:(1)Objectcomplement:Form:±S+Vt+O+(not)todosth.±S+Vt+O+(not)dosth.±S+Vt+O+wh-/howtodosth.Examples:Theteachertoldusnottomakenoiseinclass.Thedoctoradvisedmyfathertogiveupsmoking.Mothermademehelpherwithhousework.Isawastrangemanentertheteachers’office.Theworkeristeachingthestudentshowtooperatethemachine.(Theworkeristeachingthestudentshowtheyshouldoperatethemachine.)Heaskedmewhentocometoseehim.(HeaskedmewhenIwouldcometoseehim.)【Note】(1)IftheVerbisthewords“make,seeorhear”,wemustusetheinfinitivewithoutthesignoftheinfinitive“to”asObjectcomplementinthemiddlesentences.(2)Weoftenusethefollowingverbs:have,make,let…feel,hear,listento,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat…(3)Theinfinitiveusedasobjectcomplementwiththeinterrogativewordscanbechangedintoanobjectclause.(2)SubjectcomplementForm:±S+be+V-ed+todosth.±S+be+V-ed+todosth. ±S+be+V-ed+wh-/howtodosth.Examples:Thechildrenarewarnednottoplayinthestreetbythepoliceman.Hewasseentogetonthebus.Thenaughtyboysweremadetodoheavywork.Thestudentsarebeingtaughthowtooperatethemachinebytheworker.【Note】(1)IftheVerbisthewords“make,seeorhear”,wemustusetheinfinitivewiththesignoftheinfinitive“to”assubjectcomplementinthepassivesentences.(2)Thewords“haveandlet”havenopassiveforminEnglish.5.Attribute:(1)Form:±N./Pron+todosth.(2)Examples:Tomisalwaysthefirststudenttocometoschool.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Ineedapentowritewith.Theyhavealargehousetolivein.Theschoolgavehimachancetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.【Note】(1)Themodifiednounisthesubjectoftheinfinitivelogically.(2)Themodifiedpronounistheobjectoftheinfinitivelogically.(3)Themodifiednounhastheappositiverelationwiththeinfinitive.Doyouhaveanydirtyclothestobewashed,Mr.Black?6.Adverbial:(1)Adverbialofpurpose:Form:±(not)todosth.±inorder(not)todosth.±soas(not)todosth.Examples:Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.InordertoimprovehisoralEnglish,heboughtmanyEnglishtapes.Shegotupearlysoasnottomissthefirstbus.(2)Adverbialofresult:Form:±(not)todosth.±too+adj./adv.+todosth. ±adj./adv.+enoughtodosth.±only(not)tostosth.±so+adj./adv.+as(not)todosth.±such+adj+n.+as(not)todosth.Examples:TheoldmanlivedtoseethefoundationofChina.Theteaistoohottodrink.=Theteaisnotcoldenoughtodrink.Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Thecaseissoheavyasnottobecarried.Thisissuchabeautifultownastoattractlotsoftouristseveryyear.III.TheTenseandVoiceoftheInfinitive:TenseVoiceTheActiveVoiceThePassiveVoiceTheGeneralFormtodosth./dosth.tobedoneTheContinuousFormtobedoingtobebeingdoneThePerfectFormtohavedonetohavebeendown1.TheActiveVoice:vExamples:(1)TheGeneralForm:Mothertoldmenottoshoutatthelittlegirl.Theydecidednottomakemistakelikethat.Theproblemisnottoinvitethenewmanagertoadinner.(2)TheContinuousForm:Shepretendedtobereadingwhenhermothercameintoherroom.Thestudentsseemtobetalkingaboutthenewfilm.IthappenedtoberainingwhenIwentoutyesterday.(3)ThePerfectForm:Heisgladtohaveseenhisfatherinhisschool.Thescientistsarereportedtohavemadenewdiscoveriesinthecomputerfield.Shehopestohavepassedtheimportantinterview.2.ThePassiveVoice:(1)TheGeneralForm:TobebeatenmadeTomlieinbedforthreedays.(Subject)Theproblemremainstobeunsolved.(Predicative)Theoldhouseneedstobepainted.(Object) Theteacherorderedtheclassroomtobecleanedatonce.(Objectcomplement)Thereareplanstobemadeatonce.(Attribute)Hehasreturnedonlytobesentawayagain.(Adverbial)(2)TheContinuousForm:Theoldtempleseemstobebeingrebuilt..Heexpectedthepeopleinthefloodareatobebeingrescuedintime.(3)ThePerfectForm:Tohavebeeninvitedtotheweddingmademehappy.Weareveryluckynottohavebeencaughtintherain.IV.TheCompoundFormoftheInfinitive:(1)Form:±forsb.+todosth.(2)Examples:Itisdifficultforthelittlegirltoanswerthecomplexproblem.(Subject)ItisimportantforthestudentstostudyEnglishwell.Itiskindofyoutohelpmewiththatheavycase.Itisstupidofhimtosaysuchawordtohisparents.Itisrightof/forthemtodealwiththethinglikethat.Theproblemisforhimnottoknowthetruthoftheaccident(Predicative)TheteacherthinksitdifficultforthestudentstospeakEnglishfluentlyinEnglishclass.(Object)Theboyhaslotsofthingsforhisparentstodoforhim.(Attribute)