中考英语语法专题 定语从句讲解练习(无答案) 试题 7页

定语从句一、定语从句定语从句在复合句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词和关系副词）引出。关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose关系副词：when、where、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、定语从句的引导词先行词成分关系代词whowhomwhichthatwhose人人物人/物人/物主语、宾语宾语主语、宾语主语、宾语、表语定语关系副词whenwherewhy时间地点原因时间状语、表语地点状语、表语原因状语、表语三、用法1、关系代词引导的定语从句（1）who,whom,that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的人吗？注：当引导词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数的变化取决于先行词。Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。 注：引导词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。Heistheman(whom/that)Isawyesterday.（2）which,that代替的先行词是指事物的名词或代词Thisisthefamilywhich/thatisplanningtomovetothecity.这是正计划要搬进城里的一家。Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.我正读的这本书是由托马斯·哈迪写的。（3）whose用来指人或物（在从句中只能作定语，若指物，可以和ofwhich互换）Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。2、关系代词的特殊用法（1）关系代词指物时,用that而不用which的情况:1）先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,none,few等不定代词时。e.g.MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdid.辨析：MymotherwassoproudofwhatIdid.（allthat=what）2）先行词有thelast,thevery,theonly等修饰时。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.3）先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。e.g.ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI’veeverseen.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestotheirmindistheWestLake.4）先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。e.g.DoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTVlastSunday.5）Therebe后面的定语从句多用that引导,不用which。e.g.There’saseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.6）句子前面出现了who,which时,后面的定语从句用that引导。e.g.Theybuiltafactorywhichmadesomenewproductsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7）关系代词在定语从句作表语时,常用that,而不用which、who。e.g.Myhometownisnotthesmallvillagethatitwas10yearsago.Tomisn’tthemanthatheusedtobe. （2）只用which不用that的情况：1）在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词which,有时不是修饰某个先行词,而是指代主句的全部或部分内容。e.g.Helenoftencamelate,whichmadetheclassteacherangry.2）介词+which的时候练习（一）请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，标出先行词，分析引导词成分)1.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.2.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.3.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.4.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.5.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?6.HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.7.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.8.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?9.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.10.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.11.AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.3、关系副词引导的定语从句 when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”，常可互换。（1）when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/on/in/duringwhich.ThedaywhenImetthefamousfilmstarwasthegreatestdayinmylife.见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。ThedayonwhichImetthefamousfilmstarwasthegreatestdayinmylife.（2）where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/in/to/which.BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.北京是我的出生地。BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.辨析：BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.BeijingistheplacewhichIhaveevervisited.（3）why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich.Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedourhelp?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？Isthisthereasonforwhichherefusedourhelp?辨析：Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedourhelp?Isthisthereasonwhichhewantstoknow? 随堂练习（一）单项选择1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady_____comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose2.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice_____wasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which3.Thisisthemuseum_____wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat4.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk5.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it’sD.its6.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit7.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that8.—Doyouknowtheman_____istalkingwithyourfather?—Yes,he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom9.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it10.Canyoulendmethedictionary_____theotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit11.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyourhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree12.Mywatchisnottheonlything_____ismissing. A.thatB.itC.whichD.who13.Theman_____coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who’sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich.14.Thegirl_____isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was15.Iloveplaces_____thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who16.I’vefoundsomepicturesofthemostinterestingplaces_____youcanvisitduringthewinterholidays.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that17.Theletterisfrommysister,_____isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who18.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof_____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who19.You’retheonlyperson_____I’veevermet_____coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who20.Ilostabook,_____Ican’tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat21.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,_____Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what22.Heisworkinghard,_____willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who23.Icanneverforgettheday_____weworkedtogetherandtheday_____wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when24.Charlietoldhismotherall_____hadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who25.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim? A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone26.Thisisthereason_____hedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich27.Thismachine,_____formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter28.Thereason_____hedidn’tcomewas_____hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what