高三英语语法总复习——形容词和副词 38页

形容词和副词 考点分析1、形容词和副词的基本用法；2、形容词和副词的位置；3、形容词和副词的级别；4、常见形容词和副词的用法比较。 形容词的基本用法 1、形容词的词义问题1：---I’mvery________withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.---Mm,itdoeshavea________smell.(2002北京)A.pleasant,pleasedB.pleased,pleasedC.pleasant,pleasantD.pleased,pleasantD高考中关于形容词的词义的题考得不少，复习时需密切关注。该句中pleased表示“感到满意（高兴）的”；pleasant表示“令人满意（高兴）的”。根据句意不难发现答案为D。 问题2：Theircheerfulvoiceshowedthattheywerehavinga____discussion.(1997上海)A.noisyB.seriousC.completeD.friendly问题3：Ifitisquite_______toyou,IwillvisityounextTuesday.（05天津卷）A.convenientB.fairC.easyD.comfortableD该句中cheerful是重要的提示词，意为“欢快的”。noisy;serious以及complete显然都与题义无关。是形容词，意为“友好的”，只有它符合题义。Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.该句型意为：“某人方便（适合）做某事”；一般不说“sb.isconvenienttodosth.”其它三个词显然不符合句义。A 2、后置定语问题问题4：Allthepeople_____atthepartywerehissupporters.(02北京)A.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD.important解析：形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是下列情况要后置：proper(本身),present(在场的，出席的),involved(有关的), concerned(相关的),left(剩下的),objecting(反对的), mentioned(提及的),selected(当选的)等。如thestudentspresent(出席的学生)thecostinvolved(所需费用)A f.下列情况也要后置：a.some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后置．如：somethingnew;nothingserious;anythinginteresting b.else修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如：Nobodyelseissosillyasyouare. c.不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定语要后置。如：Doyoustillremembertheafternooninthefirstyearatcollegewhentheprofessorgaveusachemistrylesson? d.以a-开头的形容词做定语要后置．如：alike,alive,alone,asleep,afraid,awake…如：Heistheonlymanawakeatthattime. 巩固练习：Ican’tgetagoodpictureonmyTVset.Theremustbesomething____withit.A.badB.matterC.thematterD.thewrong2._____totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave3.Thereis_____toholdthewater.A.nothingbigenoughB.nothingenoughbigC.bigenoughnothingD.enoughbignothingCCA 3、以-ly结尾的形容词问题5：Whathesaidsounds________.(1993上海)nicelyB.pleasantlyC.friendlyD.wonderfully解析：1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，manly,timely,worldly(老于世故的)仍为形容词。改错：(错）Shesanglovely.（对）Hersingingwaslovely.（错）Hespoketomeveryfriendly.（对）Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.2）有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，earlyTheTimesisadailypaper.Itispublisheddaily.C 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 问题1JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasacar.（04辽宁）A．largeGermanwhiteB．largewhiteGermanC．whitelargeGermanD．Germanlargewhite多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--出处--材料性质，类别--名词根据这个公式，就不难排列出：大小+颜色+出处，故选择B。B 问题2:This_______girlisLind’scousin.(05北京卷)A.prettylittleSpanishB.SpanishlittleprettyC.SpanishprettylittleD.littleprettySpanish问题3：Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--性质--名词”的公式可知，描绘词+大小+出处的顺序，最符合答案。根据排列顺序：大小、形状+年龄+颜色+来源+质地+用途+名词可选择AAA 常见形容词的比较 1).worth---worthy---worthwhile2)alike---like---likely3)dead---deadly---deathly4)historic---historical5)live---lively---alive---living6)possible---probable---likely7)valueless---priceless8)respectable(可敬的、高尚的)---respectful(表示敬意的)Arespectablemanisrespectfultoothers.9)healthy(健康的)---healthful(有益于健康的)Theairatseasideishealthfultous.Soallofusarehealthy. 巩固练习：TheWorldCupinFrancewasthebiggest_____footballmatchintheworld.A.aliveB.liveC.livelyD.living2.Anyonewhohasspenttimewithchildrenknowsthedifferenceinthewayboysandgirlsrespond(反应)tothe_____situation.A.likelyB.sameC.alikeD.similar3.It’s_____torainbutnot_____beforeevening.A.possible…probableB.probable…possibleC.possibly…probablyD.probably…possiblyBDA 副词的基本用法 问题1：______,somefamousscientistshavethequalitiesofbeingbothcarefulandcareless.（04上海春季）A.StrangelyenoughB.EnoughstrangelyC.StrangeenoughD.Enoughstrange问题2：Canyoubelievethatin_____arichcountrythereshouldbe_____manypoorpeople?(1995N)A.such,suchB.such,soC.so,soD.so,suchAB副词enough要放在形容词和副词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。A:基本句型：such+(a)+adj.+n.;so+adj.+a+n.B:such后可加各种名词，而so后面只能加单数名词；C:so可加many,much,few,little等，而such不能。 问题3：Wedon’tcareifahuntingdogsmells____,butwereallydon’twanthimtosmell_____.(1995上海)A.well,wellB.bad,badC.well,badlyD.badly,bad问题4：Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_____tocarryallthewayhome.（03全国卷）A．muchtooheavyB．toomuchheavyC．heavytoomuchD．tooheavymuchCAsmell有双重词性，作“闻起来”解是系动词，后接形容词作表语；作“嗅”解是形为动词，后接副词。该题的干扰项是B，“smellsbad”表示闻起来很臭，不可能同时放入两个空格。muchtoo是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词；toomuch是名词或形容词，可单独使用或修饰名词。 问题5：Johnisverylazy.Hefalls______behindinhisstudies.(05(广东卷)A.veryB.farC.moreD.still问题6：—MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?—Ofcourse.Youcanneverbecarefulwiththat.(05江西卷)A．enoughB．tooC．soD．veryBB副词的修饰关系是现今高考的热点之一，复习中应予以足够的重视。“farbehind…”表示“远远地掉在后面”。“canneverbetoo…”是一种固定的表达方式，意为“越……就越好” 常用副词的比较 问题1：Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold,soshestood______tohermother.(2002北京)A.closeB.closelyC.closedD.closing问题2：Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining_______.(1996N)A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavilyADcloseto离……近，此处close是副词；closely表示“密切地”，与题意无关。表示“雨下得大”可用rainhard;rainheavily等，不用badly或strongly。表示“刮大风”可用strongwind。hardly是否定词，与句意无关。 注意下面兼有两种形式的副词close与closelyclose意思是“近”；closely意思是“仔细地”Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.late与latelylate意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?3)deep与deeplydeep意思是“深”，表示时间和空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Heoftenworksdeepintothenight.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm. high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于muchTheplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.5)wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.6)free与freelyfree的意思是"免费"；freely的意思是"无限制地"Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike. 另外注意下列各组副词的用法区别1)just---justnow2)rather---fairly3)yet---still---already4)hard---hardly---rarely---scarcely5)sucha+adj.+n.---so+adj.+a+n.6)most---mostly---almost7)especially---specially8)everyday---everyday9)sometime---sometimes---sometime 巩固练习：It’salwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,_____ifyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.A.ExtremelyB.naturallyC.basicallyD.especially2.Wouldyoube_____domeafavor?A.kindenoughB.sokindastoC.sokindtoD.kindasto3.Theguidetoldusthathewouldorganizesomebusinessmenfromabroadtohaveatour_____thenextmonth.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes4.Itis____thathisEnglishis_____perfect.A.sure…veryB.right…ratherC.exact…fairlyD.certain…quiteDBBD 形容词和副词的级别 1、as…as…结构问题1：Johnisthetallestboyintheclass,_______accordingtohimself.（05安徽卷）(B)A.fivefooteightastallasB.astallasfivefooteightC.asfivefooteighttallasD.astallfivefooteightas问题2：Whatatable!I’veneverseensuchathingbefore.Itis______itislong.（05湖北卷）A．halfnotaswideasB．widenotashalfasC．nothalfaswideasD．aswideasnothalfBCastallas“高达…”,fivefooteight=fivefeeteightinchesaswideas是比较，所以倍数词应放在前面。 说明：1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so…as。Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.2）当as…as中间有名词时采用以下格式。as+形容词+a+单数名词as+many/much+名词Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan..3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.Yourroomisthesamesizeasmine. 4)倍数+the+n+of<=>倍数+as+adj.+asThisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.Yourroomistwiceaslargeasmine.Yourroomistwicethesizeofmine.5)数量词+senior/junior+toHeissevenyearsseniortohiswife.Iamthreeyearsjuniortomyeldersister. ２、morethan结构问题1：－Isyourheadachegetting______?－No,it’sworse.（05全国卷3）A．betterB．badC．lessD．well问题2：Mr.Smithowns______collectionofcoinsthananyoneelseIhaveevermet.（05山东卷）A.largerB.alargerC.thelargerD.alarge问题3：Thenumberofpeoplepresentattheconcertwas_______thanexpected.Thereweremanyticketsleft.（04福建）A．muchsmallerB．muchmoreC．muchlargerD．manymoreABA 问题4：Thedictionarygavemeabetterofferthan____.(1999上海)A.thatofDick’sB.Dick’sC.hegaveDickD.thoseofDick问题5：You’restandingtoonearthecamera.Canyoumove_____?(2000上海)A.abitfarB.alittlefartherC.abitoffartherD.alittlefar问题6：Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucando______thanwait.(2001北京春季)A.moreB.otherC.betterD.anyCBB 1）要避免重复使用比较级。(错)Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.(对)Heisclevererthanhisbrother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错)ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.(对)ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.4）程度词abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等词可修饰比较级。除外，还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以上词(除byfar)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。而byfar一般置于比较级之后和最高级之前。 ３、ofthetwo结构问题1：Ofthetwoshirts,I’dliketochoose_____one.(94上海)A.thelessexpensiveB.themostexpensiveC.lessexpensiveD.mostexpensive问题2：Ifthemanagerhadtochoosebetweenthetwo,hewouldsayJohnwas________choice.(95上海)A.goodB.thebestC.betterD.thebetter说明：在ofthetwo结构中，比较级前要加the，但如果不在ofthetwo结构中，要注意冠词的使用。后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。　比较：Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralia?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.AD 4、the+最高级+比较范围问题1：Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels________desiretogotobed.(05江苏卷)A.themostB.moreC.worseD.theleast问题2：Greenland,________islandintheworld,coversovertwomillionsquarekilometers.(2000上海)A.itisthelargestB.thatisthelargestC.isthelargestD.thelargestDD 1)形容词最高级前必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。Theshortestboyrunsfastestinthe100-meterrace.形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.(对)Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级，byfar,far,much,mostly,almostThishatisnearly/almostthebiggest. 注意：a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。Thisistheverybest.Thisismuchthebest.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.3)句型转换：Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentinhisclass.4)“否定词语+比较级”，“否定词语+so…as”结构表示最高级含义。Nothingissoeasyasthis.=Nothingiseasierthanthis.=Thisistheeasiestthing. 5、和more有关的词组1)themore…themore…越……就越……Theharderyouwork，thegreaterprogressyou‘llmake.2)moreBthanA与其说A不如说BlessAthanBHeismorelazythanslowathiswork.=Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.3)nomore…than…与……一样(不)……，不比……多TheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.noless…than…与……一样……Heisnolessdiligentthanyou.4)morethan不只是，非常Sheismorethankindtousall. Goodbye!