英语翻译毕业论文：英汉语谚语中关于狗的对比研究 19页

2014届　　　　　　　　分类号：H315　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　单位代码：10452毕业论文（设计）英汉语谚语中关于狗的对比研究　　　　　　姓名刘汪洋　　　　　学号　　　201006130530　　　　　年级　2010级5班　　　　　　专业　　　　英语翻译　　　　　系　（院）　　　外国语学院　　　　　指导教师　姜兆梓2014年4月30日 AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseProverbsContainingDogsAThesisSubmittedtoForeignLanguagesSchoolofLinyiUniversityinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofBachelorofArtsByLiuWangyangSupervisor：JiangZhaoziApril30,2014 AcknowledgementsIamdeeplyindebtedtoJiangZhaozi,mysupervisor,whonotonlyhasgivenmeconstantandvaluableadviceduringmywritingofthisthesis,butalsohasgoneovermydraftsmeticulouslyandofferedcriticalcommentsonthem.Withouthishelp,thethesiscouldneverhavereacheditspresentform.Mysinceregratitudealsogoestomyteacherswhohavegivenmelecturesandhelp,whichareindispensabletothecompletionofthisthesis.Igivemyheartythankstomyclassmateswhohaveofferedhelpandsuggestionsintheprocessofwritingthisthesis.Finally,Iwouldliketothankthosecriticsandwriterswhoseessaysandworkshaveprovidedvaluableinformationconcerningthesubjectofmythesis.iii AbstractThisthesisistryingtomakeacomparativestudyofEnglishandChineseproverbsaboutdogs.BycomparingEnglishandChineseproverbscontainingdogssomesimilaritiesandsomedifferencesarediscovered.Keywords:animalsandplants,proverbs,comparativestudy,metaphor,translationiii 摘要本文对含狗的英汉谚语进行对比和研究。通过对含动植物词的英汉谚语的研究，发现了它们的一些共同点和不同之处，关键字：动植物，谚语，对比研究，隐喻,翻译iii TableofContentsAComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseProverbsContainingDogsiiAcknowledgementsiAbstractii摘要iiiTableofContents1Introduction1Chapter1Proverb21.1DefinitionofProverb(谚语的定义)21.2ProverbsContainingAnimalWords（包含动物的谚语）21.3TheRolesofDogandProverbsContainingDogs（包含动物的谚语）2ChapterTwoTheDifferenceandSimilaritiesofProverbonDogbetweenEnglishandChinese42.1ProverbsonDoginChinese（汉语中关于狗的谚语）42.2ProverbsonDoginEnglish(英语中关于狗的谚语)52.3AnalyzeontheDifferenceandSimilarities5ChapterThreeTheReasonThatCausestheDifferenceandSimilarities（异同的原因）93.1TheInfluenceofGeography（地理差异）93.2TheInfluenceofReligion（宗教影响）93.3TheCultureDifference（文化差异）9ChapterFourConclusion11Bibliography12 IntroductionProverbisaculturallysignificantpithysayingwithamoralorpracticalmessage.Wecanfindthedifferentattitudetowardsanimalsformtheproverbsoftheirculture.Onthebasisofthisissue,itisnecessarytodiscusssimilaranddifferencesofproverbscontainingdogs.Thepurposeofthisthesisistogivepeoplemoreknowledgeabouttheroledogsplayinourlivesandthedifferentroledogsplayintheeasternandwesternculture.13 Chapter1Proverb1.1DefinitionofProverb(谚语的定义)Whatisaproverb?Proverbisauniversalphenomenon.However,thereisnoauniformdefinitionofproverb.Differentworksandscholarsathomeandabroadholddifferentdefinitionsonproverbfromdifferentperspective.ThedefinitiongivenbyOxfordAdvancedLearner"sEnglish-ChineseDictionary(2002:1192-1193)is"shortwell-knownsayingthatstatesageneraltruthorgivesadvice".LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(2001:1136)definesproverbas"ashortwell-knownstatementcontainsadviceaboutlifeingeneral".DictionaryofLexicography(Hartmann&James,2000:113)definesproverbas"aculturallysignificantpithysayingwithamoralorpracticalmessage".Differentscholarsmayhavedifferentopinionsonthedefinition,buttheyallshedsomelightonproverb,therefore,itwillbebrighttotakeanall-inclusiveorall-embracingattitude.Aproverbhasbeendefinedasthewisdomofmanyandthewitofone.Itisatraditionalsayingthatsumsupasituation,passesjudgmentonapastmatterorrecommendsacourseofactionforthefuture.Justlikeidiomaticphrases,someproverbsareopenstatements，whosemeaningisstraightforward,butmostproverbsaremetaphorical.Herearesomeproverbsstatingafactwhichmaybeuniversallyacknowledged,"knowledgeispower;unionisstrength;twodogsfightforabone,andathirdrunsawaywithit".1.2ProverbsContainingAnimalWords（包含动物的谚语）Humanbeingsshouldbedelightedtoenjoyowningsomanyanimals.Theyareoneofthemostradicalconditionsforthedevelopmentofhumansociety.Moreover,theyareanimate.Itistheexistenceofanimalsthatmakestheworldmorecolorfulandfascinating,soifonesaysthathumanbeingshaveavery,verycloserelationshipwithanimals,hewillinvitenoobjection.Nowthathumanbeingshaveaverycloserelationshipwithanimals,itisnotsurprisethatanimalswillgointolanguages,therefore,thenotionthatanimalswillnotsetfootinproverbs,theeliteofallkindsoflanguages,willberidiculous.13 1.3TheRolesofDogandProverbsContainingDogs（包含动物的谚语）Therolesofdogswithhumansisdifferentindifferentperiod.IntheirearlyrolesWolves,andtheirdogdescendants,wouldhavederivedsignificantbenefitsfromlivinginhumancamps—moresafety,morereliablefood,lessercaloricneeds,andmorechancetobreed.Humanswouldalsohavederivedenormousbenefitfromthedogsassociatedwiththeircamps.Forinstance,dogswouldhaveimprovedsanitationbycleaningupfoodscraps.Therelationshipbetweenthepresenceofadogandsuccessinthehuntisoftenmentionedasaprimaryreasonforthedomesticationofthewolf."Themostwidespreadformofinterspeciesbondingoccursbetweenhumansanddogs"andthekeepingofdogsascompanions,particularlybyelites,hasalonghistory.Dogshavelivedandworkedwithhumansinsomanyrolesthattheyhaveearnedtheuniquenickname,"man"sbestfriend".Peopleoftenentertheirdogsincompetitionssuchasbreed-conformationshowsorsports,includingracing,sleddingandagilitycompetitions.Thescientificevidenceismixedastowhethercompanionshipofadogcanenhancehumanphysicalhealthandpsychologicalwellbeing.Therearemanydifferencesbetweendogandcatsoranyotheranimals.Didyouevernotice,whenyoublowinadog"sfacehegetsmadatyou?But....takehimforarideinthecarandhewillstickhisheadoutthewindow.Catsaresmarterthandogs.Youcan"tget8catstopullasledthroughsnow.SodogscomesoutinbothChineseandEnglishproverbs.13 ChapterTwoTheDifferenceandSimilaritiesofProverbonDogbetweenEnglishandChinese2.1ProverbsonDoginChinese（汉语中关于狗的谚语）(1)肉包子打狗：一去不回头(2)街上的疯狗：乱咬人(3)见狗扔骨头：投其所好(4)猫捉老鼠狗看门：本分事(5)要饭的打狗：穷横(6)疯狗咬月亮：狂妄(7)苍蝇嘴巴狗鼻子：真灵(8)好狗不跳，好猫不叫。(9)好狗不咬鸡，好汉不打妻。(10)闷头狗，暗下口。(11)子不嫌母丑，狗不嫌家贫(12)狗拿耗子，多管闲事。(13)牛眼看人高，狗眼看人低。(14)狗仗人势，雪仗风势。(15)爱叫的狗不咬人;咬人的狗不露齿。(16)人怕没理，狗怕夹尾。(17)狗咬人，有药治；人咬人，没药医。(18)绊人的桩，不一定高；咬人的狗，不一定叫。(19)画人难画手，画树难画柳，画马难画走，画兽难画狗。(20)虎父无犬子(21)画虎不成反类犬13 (22)狡兔死，良狗亨:高鸟尽，良弓履。MostproverbsondoginChineseisnegative.From“虎父无犬子”、“牛眼看人高，狗眼看人低”、“狗仗人势，学长风势”orotherproverbswecanseethatsometimesdogisusedtoexpressbadimage.Howevermanyproverbsondogisusedtoexpressthenaturehabitofdogsuchas“人怕没理，狗怕夹尾巴”、“好狗不咬鸡，好汉不打妻子”.DogsinChineseproverbssometimesbeusedtocontrasttohumanbeingsintheproverbs“狗咬人，有药医。人咬人，没药医。”.2.2ProverbsonDoginEnglish(英语中关于狗的谚语)ManyproverbsondoginEnglishispositive.Fromthemeaningof“Loveme,lovemydog.”,Ifthe“olddogbarks,hegivescounsel.”,”luckydog.”wecanseethatdogcomesoutasagoodimageinmanyEnglishproverbs.manyproverbsondogisusedtoexpressthenaturehabitofdogsuchas“Barkingdogsseldombite.”,“Dogscannotchangeeatingexcrement.”.Theyalsousetheimageofdoginproverbstoexpressthefeelingofhumanbeing,“Dogswagtheirtailsnotsomuchinlovetoyouasyourbread.”,“Olddogswilllearnnonewtricks.”andsoon.2.3AnalyzeontheDifferenceandSimilaritiesTheconnotationofthedoginChineseproverbsisdifferentfromtheoneinEnglish.AsforChinesethedogstandsformainlyfaithfulness,butmostEnglishpeoplethinkthedog"sfirstqualityisfriendship---thereisacleardifferenceofthestress.Moreover,Chinesepeopleoftenassociatethedogwithsomederogatoryconnotation,thoughmostofthembelievethedogisafaithfulanimal.Nevertheless,Englishmendonotcontainderogatoryconnotationwhentheytalkaboutthedog.Theyusuallylookonthedogasthesymbolofacommonperson.HencewegettheseChineseandEnglishproverbsasfollows:1E:Dogeatdog.C:狗咬狗(Gouyaogou)"Dogeatdog"referstothephenomenonthatpeoplehurtthoseofthesamegroup,butifitmeansbadpeoplefightwithbadpeople,sotheymeandifferently.2E:Whenadogisdrowningeveryoneoffershimdrink.C:救了落水狗反咬你一口。(Jiu1eluoshuigou,fanyaoniyikou)"Whenadogisdrowningeveryoneoffershimdrink."isdifferentfrom“救了落水狗，反咬你一口”.EnglishpeopleandChinesepeopleholddifferentattitudestoward“落水狗”.ChinesepeoplemeantorefusetohelpthebadpeopleintroublewhileEnglishpeoplemeantohelpthedrowningdog.3E:Barkingdogsseldombite.C:咬人的拘不露齿。(Yaorendeyoubulouchi)13 "Barkingdogsseldombite."isdifferentfrom“咬人的美环露齿”.inChineseitmeansevilpeoplewillhurtotherswithoutbeingseen,butinEnglishitmeansbarkingdogsareonlythreateningwithoutrealharm.Theystillsharequitealotincommon,thoughdifferentnationsliveinvariednaturalenvironmentsanddiversifiedgeographicconditions.Theyhavemoreorlessthesamespeciesofanimalssuchasdogsandpigs.Thecommonaroundofhumanculturesislargerthantheindividualfeaturesofeachculture.Although;people"sconcretewaysoflifeare.variedindifferentplaces,thefundamentalwaysoflivingandthinkingarethesameforthewholehumanrace.Forexample:4E:Every dog has his day.C: 人人皆有得意时。5E:Let sleeping dogs lie. InbothChineseandEnglishculture,theyoftenusedogstopresentthemselves.Theytrytoexpresstheirattitudebytheproverbsofanimals.6E:Every dog is a lion at home. C:狗在家门口就成了狮子。Fromthisproverbwecanobviouslyseethatthoughweliveinvariednaturalenvironmentsanddiversifiedgeographicconditions.Thenatureofdogsarethesame.Theyareloyaltotheirhost.7E：Outofadog"smouthwillnevercomeivorytusks.C:狗嘴里吐不出象牙。8E：Dogscannotchangeeatingexcrement.C：狗改不了吃屎。9E：Don"tsnapandsnarlatmewhenI"mtryingtodomybestforyou.C：狗咬吕洞宾不识好人心。10E：Dogswagtheirtailsnotsomuchinlovetoyouasyourbread.C：醉翁之意不在酒。11E：Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.C:给人加个坏名声，他就永远洗不清。12E：Olddogswilllearnnonewtricks.C：老年人很难学会新事物。"Dog"isacommondomesticanimalkeptbyhumanbeingforwork,huntingorasapet.InEnglish,theword"dog"isoftenusedasafavorableword.DogistakenasanhonestfriendoftheBritishbecauseofitscleverness,honestyandreliance.Nevertheless,"dog"inChineseisoftenregardedasahumbleanimalwithderogatorymeaning,thoughtheChinesepeoplealsoagreewiththegoodcharactersof"dog".Whentalkingabout"dog",theChinesepeopleusuallyassociatesitwithsomeunpleasantness,suchas“走狗”，“狗急跳墙”，“狼心狗肺’，and“狗血喷头”.Let"sfirstlookatthefollowingproverbsinEnglish.13E:Loveme,lovemydog.C:爱屋及乌。13 14E：ThemoreIseeofmen,themoreIlovedogC：我愈观察人，我愈爱慕狗。15E：Iftheolddogbarks,hegivescounsel.C：老狗叫是忠告。ItisclearthatwhattheaboveproverbsinEnglishtalkaboutarethosegoodcharactersof"dog",whichisreflectedinthecorrespondingexpressioninChinese.Inthemeantime,therearesomeproverbsinChineseshowingthederogatorymeaningof"dog".Forexample,16E：Despairgivescouragetoacoward.C：人急造反，狗急跳墙。17E：Hethatliesdownwithdogsmustriseupwithfleas.C：近朱者赤，近墨者黑。18E：Bettertobetheheadofdogthanthetailofalion.C宁为鸡头不当凤尾。19E：Twodogsstriveforabone,andathirdrunsawaywithit.C：鹬蚌相争渔翁得利。20E：Whatdoyouexpectfromapigbutagrunt? C：狗嘴里吐不出象牙。21E:Whatdoesthemooncareifthedogsbarkather?C:月亮不理狗的狂吠。22E:Into the mouth of a bad dog often falls a good bone. C:好骨头常在坏狗的嘴里。23E：While the dog gnaws bone,companions would be none. C：狗啃骨头无需伴。24E：Thecatanddogmaykiss,yetarenonethebetterfriends.C：猫狗虽相吻，总难成好友。25E：Anolddogbitessore.C：老狗咬得很。26E：.Dogsthatbarkatadistancebitenotathand.C：远处狗就叫，近身不会咬。27E：Ineverycountrydogsbite.C：是狗就会叫。28E：Hungrydogswilleatdirtypuddings.C：饥不择食。29E：Dogswagtheirtailsnotsomuchinlovetoyouasyourbread.C：狗儿把尾摇，爱的是面包。30E：Helpthedogoverthestile.C：助人度过难关。31E：Everydoghashisday.　C：片瓦也有翻身日;人人都有得意时。32E：Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.　C:欲加之罪，何患无辞。33E:Hewhohasamindtobeathisdogwilleasilyfindastick.　C:有心打狗好找棍;欲加之罪，何患无辞。13 34E:Anolddogcannotalteritswayofbarking.　C:老狗难改常吠声。35E:Whenadogisdrowning,everyoneoffershimdrink.　　C:待到狗溺水，众人给水喝。36E：leadadog"slifeC：过着猪狗不如的生活37E:nothavedog"schanceC:毫无机会40E:alazydogC:懒汉41E:adirtydog卜C:下流坯42E：likeadogatawhistleC：呼之即来43E：adoginthemangerC：占马槽的狗;占着茅坑不拉屎44E：helpalamedogoverastileC：助人于危难之中;雪中送炭45E：acat-and-doglifeC：争争吵吵的日子46E：hand-doglookC：愁眉苦脸47E：Heisaluckydog.C：他是个幸运儿。48E：likeadogwithtwotailsC：高兴得跟什么似的49E:dogitC:拈轻怕重，逃避工作Differentanimalsoreventhesameanimalsindifferentplacesmayhavedifferentfeatures,therearesomeanimalsleavingsimilarimagestopeoplenomatterwhatculturesorgeographicconditiontheylivein.InbothChineseandEnglishproverbs,Indogshavesimilarhabits,suchas“everycountrydogsbitedogs”,“Dogsthatbarkatadistancebitenotathand.”andsoon.Dogsareoftenusedtoexpresshumanbeingsthemselves.Infollowingtheproverbs:“Hungrydogswilleatdirtypuddings.”,“likeadogwithtwotails”,theyusedogstoexpresstheactionorthestateofhumanbeings.13 ChapterThreeTheReasonThatCausestheDifferenceandSimilarities（异同的原因）3.1TheInfluenceofGeography（地理差异）GeographicallyEnglandislocatedintheWesternHemisphere,whileChinaliesintheEasternHemisphere,thusEnglandandChinahavedifferentclimates.Theyformdifferentlivingstyles.Englandisanislandcountry,somostEnglishmenmakelivingsbyfisheryornavigation.Chinesehaveformedtheirlivingstyle---farmingandstockraising.Therefore,thereareagreatmanydifferentproverbs.3.2TheInfluenceofReligion（宗教影响）Differentnationsusuallybelieveindifferentreligions.Thusproverbsofdiversenationssurelyexpressvariousreligiousbeliefs.IntheWest,EnglandisaChristiancountrywithalonghistory.AndChristianasthemainbeliefofEnglishmanhasalreadytakenrootsintheirlivesforages.ChristiansbelieveintheGod.TheGodistheuniqueandsupremegod,whilepeoplearebornwithasin,andarethesamefaceoftheGod,sothecommonpeoplerespectandworshiptheGod,majesty.Therearesomeproverbsreflectingthiskindofthought.andequalinthefaceoftheGod,sothecommonpeoplerespectandworshiptheGod,butdisregardthemajesty.Therearesomeproverbsreflectingthiskindofthought.Religionisamaincomponentofhumanculturetakingdeepimpactonmanypeople"slives.Thedifferenceonreligiousbeliefreflectsdifferentattitudesofpeopletowardstheworld.Therefore,alotofanimalexpressionsarecreatedwiththefactorofreligion.ItisclearthatEnglishandChinesepeoplehavedifferentreligiousbeliefs:mostbelieveinChristianity;theChinesepeoplearedeeplyinfluencedbyTaoismBuddhismandConfucianism,ofwhichtheeffectofBuddhisminpeople"slifeisthemoststrong.3.3TheCultureDifference（文化差异）Therearesomecommonaspectsamongallcultures.People"sexperiencesandunderstandingsoftheworldhavesomesimilarareas.Therefore.therearelotsof13 similarorthesameanimalidiomsinEnglishandChinese.DoginbothChinaandforeigncountrieshavemanyhabituésincommon.Theyallbitehumanbeingsiftheyarethreated.Differentnationshavedifferentliteratureandallusions,whichmakeupparticularculturalbackgroundsofproverbs.Onthebasisofthese,agreatmanyproverbsareoftensimpleinstructurebutdeepinmeaning.Inordertograspandtranslatetheirdeepmeaningsaccurately,wemustbeclearabouttheliteratureandallusions.Inbrief,bothChinaandEnglandhavetheirdiverseandcolorfulliterature,whichisvividlyreflectedintheirproverbsandaswellhaveconstitutedthehistoricalandculturalbackgroundsoftheirproverbs.Thuswheneverwetranslateproverbs,itishelpfulforustolookintothehistoriesandoriginsoftheproverbsandmakeproperjudgmentsaccordingtothebackgrounds.13 ChapterFourConclusionProverbsarethedistillationofapeople"scultureandtheyembodydifferentpeople"srespectivetastes.Theyarealanguagephenomenonand,simultaneously,theyarealsoaculturalphenomenon.Asforanimalandplantproverbs,theyseemtobemorebewitchingthananyotherproverbsbecausetheseproverbsinlaythemselveswithmanyracy,vividandravishingimages.Itistheseanimalandplantimagesthatmaketheseproverbslivelierandvisualizedand,accordingly,itconstitutesofoneofthesimulativefactorsfortheauthortocarryoutthisresearch.Tosumup,differentpeopleshavealmostthesamecognitive-semanticmechanismandthatonthefoundationofthesamecognitive-semanticmechanism,differentpeoplesexhibitthesimilaritiesordifferencesofdifferentculturesbyemployingsimilarordifferentexpressivemethods.Theauthorbelievesthatforeignizationcanpromotethedevelopmentofbothlanguageandcultureandthatifforeignizationisenhanced,cultureswillbemorecomprehensiveandcompatibleandexpressivemethodswillbeenrichedinthefuture.Thoughtheauthorhasmadeaninitialcomparativestudyofproverbsondogandhasdiscoveredsomeuniquecharacteristicsofthiskindofproverbs,muchisaheadtobeexplored.Forexample,howmuchdoanimalandplantwordscontributetoproverbs?Proverbsareagreatgoldmineandanimalandplantproverbsareafascinatingpartofit,sotheauthorinsiststhatmoreeffortsshouldbemadeinthefutureresearchofthisfield.13 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