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  • 2022-06-16 14:24:00 发布

英语写作(高级替换词、万能句、常用谚语、高频话题等)

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英语作文中必备的替换精髓词汇1.important=crucial(extremelyimportant),significant(amountoreffectlargeenoughtobeimportant)2.common=universal,ubiquitous(ifsomethingisubiquitous,itseemstobeeverywhere)3.abundant=ample(enoughandusuallyextra),plentiful(enoughforpeople"sneedsandwants)4.stick=adhere,cling(holdonsomethingtightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference:neglectmeanssomeonehasnotpaidenoughattentiontosomething;ignoremeansnoattention.)6.near=adjacent(twothingsnexttoeachother),adjoin(thesameasadjacent)7.pursue=woo(manwooswoman,old-fashioned),seek(ifyouseeksth,youtrytoobtainit.FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(preciseisexactandaccurateinalldetails),exact(correctineverydetail)9.vague=obscure(unknownorknownbyonlyafewpeople)10.top=peak,summit11.competitor=rival,opponent(especiallyinsportsandpolitics)12.blame=condemn(ifyoucondemnsomething,yousayitisverybadandunacceptable)13.opinon=perspective,standpoint(meanslookingataneventorsituationinaparticularway)14.fame=prestige(describethosewhoareadmired),reputation15.build=erect(youcanerectsomethingasbuildings,FORMAL),establish16.insult=humiliate(dosomethingorsaysomethingwhichmakespeoplefeelashamedorstupid)17.complain=grumble(complainsomethinginabad-temperedway)18.primary=radical(veryimportantandgreatindegree),fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviatemeansyoumakepainorsufferingslessintenseorsevere)20.force=coercesinto(coercemeansyoumakesomeonedosomethings/hedoesnotwantto),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnifymeansmakesomethinglargerthanitreallyis)22.complex=intricate(ifsomethingisintricate,itoftenhasmanysmallpartsanddetails)23.Lonely=solitary(ifsomeoneissolitary,thereisnoonenearhim/her24.small=minuscule(verysmall),minute,25.praise=extol(strongerthanpraise),compliment(politeandpolitical)26.hard-working=assiduous(someonewhoisassiduousworkshardordoesthingsverythoroughly27.difficult=arduous(ifsomethingisarduous,itisdifficultandtiring,andinvolvesalotofefforts)28.poor(soil)=barren,infertile(usedtodescribethesoilissopoorthatplantscannotbeplantedonit)29.fragile=brittle,vulnerable(someonewhoisvulnerableiseasilyhurtemotionallyorphysically)30.show=demonstrate(todemonstrateafactmeanstpmakeitcleartopeople.)31.big=massive(largeinsize,quantity,orextent),colossal(usethisword,youemphasizesomething’slarge),tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(ifsomeoneshunssomething,s/hedeliberatelyavoidthatsomethingorkeepawayfromit.)33.fair=impartial(someonewhoisimpartialisabletogiveafairopinionordecisiononsomething.)34.attack=assault(physicallyattacksomeone),assail(attackviolently)35.dislike=abhor(abhormeansyouhatesomethingtoaextremeextentformoralreasons),loathe(dislikeverymuch)!36.ruin=devastate(itmeansdamagesomethingverybadly,orutterlydestroyit.)39.always=invariably(thesameasalways,butbetterthanalways)40.forever=perpetual(aperpetualstateneverchanges),immutable(somethingimmutablewillneverchangeorbechanged)41.surprise=startle(itmeanssurpriseyouslightly),astound(surpriseyoutoalargedegree),astonish(thesameasastound) 42.enthusiasm=zeal(agreatenthusiasm),fervency(sincereandenthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calmandpeaceful),serene(calmandquiet)44.expensive=exorbitant(itmeanstooexpensivethatitshouldbe)45.luxurious=lavish(impressiveandveryexpensive),sumptuous(grandandveryexpensive)46.boring=tedious(ifyoudescribesomethingtedious,youmeanitisboringandfrustrating)47.respect=esteem(ifyouesteemsomeone,yourespectandadmirehim/her.FORMAL)48.worry=fret(ifyoufretaboutsomething,youworryaboutit)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantlycold),icy(extremelycold)50.hot=boiling(veryhot)51.dangerous=perilous(verydangerous,hazardous(dangerous,especiallytopeople"ssafetyandhealth)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(theonlyoneofitskind),distinctive54.stop=cease(ifsomethingceases,itstopshappeningorexisting)55.part=component(thecomponentsofsomethingarethepartsthatitismadeof)56.result=consequence(theresultsoreffectsofsomething)57.obvious=apparent,manifest58.basedon=derivedfromcanseeornoticethemveryeasily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(veryuncomfortableanddisappointing)62.field=domain(aparticularfieldofthought,activitiesorinterest)63.appear=emerge(comeintoexistence)64.whole=entire(thewholeofsomething)65.wet=moist(slightlywet),damp(slightlywet),humid(verydampandhot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrectorpartlycorrect)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(changeintoanotherform)69.typical=quintessential(thiswordmeansrepresentatypicalexampleofsomething)70.careful=cautious(verycarefulinordertoavoiddanger),prudent(carefulandsensible)71.ability=capacity,capability(thesameasability)72.strange=eccentric(ifsomeoneiseccentric,s/hebehavesinastrangeway,orhis/heropinionisdifferentfrommostpeople)73.rich=affluent(ifyouareaffluent,youhavealotofmoney)74.use=utilize(thesameasuse)75.dubious=skeptical(ifyouareskepticalaboutsomething,youhavedoubtsonit.)76.satisfy=gratify(ifyouaregratifiedbysomething,itgivesyoupleasureandsatisfaction)77.short=fleeting,ephemeral(ifsomethingisephemeral,itlastsashorttime)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremelyangry)80.smelly=malodorous(usedtodescribeanunpleasantsmell)81.ugly=hideous(ifsomethingishideous,itisveryuglyorunattractive)#82.attractive=appealing(pleasingandattractive),absorbing(somethingabsorbingcanattractyouagreatdeal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(amiscellaneousgroupsconsistsofmanydifferentkindsofthings)84.disorder=disarray,chaos85.crazily=frantically(usedtodescribesomeonewhobehavesinawildanduncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION:meteoricisonlyusedtodescribesomeoneachievessuccessquickly)87.ordinary=mundane(veryordinaryandnotatinterestingorunusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(usedtodescribethebestlevelsomethingcanachieve)/90.sharp=acute(severeandintense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyoudeemsomethinginconceivable,youthinkitveryunliketohappen)92.puzzle=perplex(somethingperplexsomeonemeansitconfusesandworrieshim/herbecausehe/shedoesnotunderstandit)93.method=avenue(awayofgettingsomethingdone)94.famous=distinguished(usedtodescribepeoplewhoaresuccessfulintheircareer)95.ancient=archaic(extremelyoldandextremelyold-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellishmeansmakesomethinglookmoreattractiveviadecoratingitwithsomethingelse)97.possible=feasible(ifsomethingisfeasible,itcanbedone,madeorachieved)98.so=consequently,accordingly99.rare=infrequent(doesn’thappenoften)100.greedy=rapacious(greedyandselfish)写作短语byaccident偶然onaccountof…因为…,由于…inadditionto…除…之外on(the/an)average平均,一般来说onthebasisof…根据…,在…的基础上at(the)best充其量,至多onbusiness因公,因事inanycase无论如何,总之incaseof…假使…,万一…incase假如,以防(万一)免得innocase决不keep/holdpacewith…跟上…,与…同步takeplace发生,进行taketheplaceof…代替…makesense讲得通,有意义agreat/gooddealof大量(修饰不可数名词)influenceon影响replyto…回答…,答复…onceuponatime从前onceinawhile偶尔,有时accountfor…说明…allowfor…考虑到…liveon/by…靠…生活,以…为食referto…参考…,查阅…,涉及…,提到…serveas…用做…takefor把……认为是…,把……看成是…thinkover仔细考虑dependon…取决于…devoteto…奉献…,致力于… engagein…从事于…,忙着…insiston…坚持…lookforwardto…盼望…,期待…havesomethingtodowith…和…有点关系havenothingtodowith…和…毫无关系befedupwith…对…感到厌烦take...as把…做为…thinkof...as…把…看做是…beabundantin…富于…,富有…beaccustomedto习惯于beawareof…意识到…bebasedon…根据…,以…为基础becharacterizedby…以…为特征becomposedof…由…组成beconcernedabout…关心…,挂念…bedeterminedtodosomething决心做…beequalto…等于…befreefrom没有……的,不受……影响beidentifiedas…被认为是…beknownas被称做……,以……著称beknownto为……所熟知bepopularwith…受……欢迎bepreparedfor对……做好准备beregardedas被认为是…,被当做是…besatisfiedwith对……满意,满足于…besecondto…次于…besickof…对…感到厌倦beusedas…被用做…beusedto…习惯于…getusedto…习惯于…allofasudden突然 allthetime一直,始终asarule通常,照例asfaras...beconcerned就...而言asto…至于…,关于… atbest充其量,至多 beforelong不久以后beyondquestion毫无疑问byallmeans尽一切办法,务必everynowandthen时而,偶尔initself本质上,就其本身而言soonerorlater迟早,早晚abideby…遵守…,信守…agreewith与…相一致同意…bebeneficialto…有利于…,有益于…turnablindeyeto…对…视而不见byleapsandbounds飞速地,突飞猛进地 whenitcomesto一谈到…,就…而论disagreewith…与…意见不一致不同意…giveanopinionon…对…发表意见adaptoneselfto…=adjustoneselfto…使自己适应于…attribute…to…把…归因于…,认为…是…的结果commenton…评论…concentrateon/upon…集中注意力于…onthecontrary与之相反convincesomebodyofsomething使某人确信某事deprivesomebodyofsomething剥夺某人某物derivefrom…起源于indetail详细地beequippedwith…装备有…inessence本质上to…extent在…程度上informsomebodyofsomething通知某人某事liein在于…来源:网majorin主修…inthelightof…按照…,根据…bychance偶然,碰巧inchargeof…负责…,主管…incommon共用,共有,共同inconclusion最后,总之onconditionthat在…条件下inconnectionwith/to…关于…inconsequence因此,结果inconsequenceof…由于…的缘故onthecontrary反之,正相反incontrastwith/to…与…成对照undercontrol被控制住atallcosts不惜任何代价atthecostof…以…为代价inthecourseof…在…过程中,在…期间indetail详细地论坛indifficulties处境困难onearth究竟,到底atallevents无论如何inanyevent无论如何ineffect实际上withtheexceptionof…除…之外inthefaceof…面对…,不顾…infavorof…有利于…,赞成…,支持…ingeneral通常,大体上atheart在内心,实质上inhonorof…为纪念…,向…表示敬意atintervals不时,时时atlength终于,最后,详细地 ataloss困惑,不知所措byallmeans无论如何,必定bymeansof…借助于…,用…bynomeans决不bymistake错误地innature本质上onoccasion有时,不时inparticular特别地,尤其,详细地inthefirstplace起初,首先inthelastplace最后inpractice实际上来源:atpresent目前,现在inproportionto…与…成比例for(the)purposeof…为了…onpurpose故意,有意atrandom随意地,任意地atanyrate无论如何,至少byreasonof…由于…with/inregardto…对于…,就…而论withrespectto…关于…asaresult结果,因此asaresultof…由于…的缘故inthelongrun最终,从长远观点看forthesakeof…为了…起见atfirstsight乍一看,初看起来inspiteof…不管…,不顾…intermsof…依据…,按照…onthesecondthoughts经重新考虑,一转念fromtimetotime有时,不时intruth事实上,实际上,的确onthewhole总的来说have/gainaccessto…可以获得…take...intoaccount把…加以考虑论坛gain/haveanadvantageover…胜过…,优于…takeadvantageof…利用…,趁…之机makethebestof…充分利用…,妥善处理…takechargeof…担任…,负责…makea/thedifference有影响,很重要carry/bringintoeffect使生效,使起作用putintoeffect实行,生效come/gointoeffect生效,实施keepaneyeon…留意…,照看…bear/keepinmind记住makeupone’smind下决心.不用说¸…Itgoeswithoutsayingthat从句=(Itis)needlesstosay(that)从句=Itisobviousthat从句=Obviously,S.+V.例∶不用说早睡早起是值得的.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatitpaystokeepearlyhours.  2.我深信…Iamgreatlyconvinced(that)从句=Iamgreatlyassured(that)从句例∶我深信预防好于治疗.Iamgreatlyconvincedthatpreventionisbetterthancure. 3.在各种…之中¸…Amongvariouskindsof…,…=Ofallthe…,…例∶在各种运动中¸我尤其喜欢慢跑.Amongvariouskindsofsports,Ilikejogginginparticular. 4.…是很容易证明的.Itcanbeeasilyproved(that)从句例∶时间最珍贵是很容易证明的.Itcanbeeasilyprovedthatnothingismorepreciousthantime. 5.…无论如何强调都不为过.…cannotbeoveremphasized例∶交通安全的重要性无论如何强调都不为过.Theimportanceoftrafficsafetycannotbeoveremphasized. 6.就我的看法¸…;我认为…Inmyopinion,…=Tomymind,….=AsfarasIamconcerned,…例∶就我的看法¸打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康.Inmyopinion,playingvideogamesnotonlytakesmuchtimebutisalsoharmfultohealth. 7.(A)每个人都知道…Everyoneknows(that)从句=It’swell-knownthat=Asweallknow,… (B)就我所知¸…Asfarasmyknowledgeisconcerned,…例∶就我所知¸下列方法对我帮助很大.Asfarasmyknowledgeisconcerned,thefollowingwaysareofgreathelptome. 8.毫无疑问地¸…Thereisnodoubt(that)从句例∶毫无疑问地¸近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题.Thereisnodoubtthatnear-sightednessisaseriousproblemamongtheyouthofourcountry. 9.根据我个人经验¸…Accordingtomypersonalexperience,…=Basedonmypersonalexperience,…例∶根据我个人经验¸微笑已带给我许多好处.Accordingtomypersonalexperience,smilehasdonemealotofgood. 10.在我认识的人当中¸也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬.OfallthepeopleIknow,perhapsnonedeservesmyrespectmorethan…例∶在我认识的人当中¸也许没有一个人比我的英文老师张老师更值得我尊敬.OfallthepeopleIknow,perhapsnonedeservesmyrespectmorethanMissChang,myEnglishteacher. 11.(A)随着人口的增加¸…Withtheincrease/growthofthepopulation,… (B)随着科技的进步,…Withtheadvanceofscienceandtechnology,…例∶随着台湾经济的快速发展¸许多社会问题产生了.WiththerapiddevelopmentofTaiwan"seconomy,alotofsocialproblemshavecometopass.写作高频词汇i.Education类词汇Education:培养(某种素质)cultivate/foster/nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展promotethestudent’sphysicalmentalandemotionaldevelopmentIntellectualandemotionaldevelopment心理健康psychologicalsoundnesspsychologicalwell-beingPsychologicalwelfare(nouns)学习能力(先天就有的)aptitude、talent学习能力(后天学习到的)ability、skill学生接受的学校教育(名词)schooling(noun)儿童接受的家庭教育(名词)upbringing给学生以动力givethestudentsmotivationtodosomethingmotivate(vt)thestudenttodosomething青少年adolescents、youngsters、youths2)传授知识impart(vt)、inculcate(vt)knowledge灌输高尚的道德观念instill(vt)highmoralvalues(注以values复数比试价值观)给学生以灵感stimulatethestudent’sthought givethestudentsinspiration家长教育子女的方式(名词)parenting、upbringing教学法teachingmethodology、pedagogicalmethodology适应(动词)adapttodosomethingadjustoneselftodosomethingbecomeaccustomedtodosomething适应能力adaptability学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握students’graspcommand(nouns)ofwhathasbeentaught就业技能employable、marketableskill2)限制创造力的发展extinguish(vt)、stifle(vt)、constrain(vt)creativity(noun)打击学生的积极性dampenthestudents’enthusiasmsap(vts)thestudents’enthusiasmfrustratethestudents产生不必要的压力beget、createunduepressure塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt)one’scharacter责任感asenseofobligation学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器studentshouldnotbetreatedaspassivereceptaclesofpredigestedideas.死记硬背learnthingbyrote.3)记忆方程式,公式,定理,定律memorizeequationsmemorizeFormulasmemorizetheoremsmemorizelaws(nouns)应用apply(vt)盲从followsomethingblindlyfollowsomethingindiscriminately(adv)用填鸭式教学教育学生force-feed(vt)thestudents为了记忆而记忆memorizeformemorization’sownsake5)把学生分开教育(比如根据智力或者课堂上的表现)segregate(vt)students来自于其他同学的压力peerpressure逆境adversecircumstancesadverseadversity团队精神teamspirit(noun)独立思考thinkindependently(adv)6)在理解的基础上学习learnthingsthroughunderstanding鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题encouragestudentstothinkcritically(adv)学生的反馈students’feedbackstudents’input学生评价老师的教学studentsappraisetheirteachers’performanceevaluatetheirteachers’performance7)学生学习的各门功课加在一起curriculum(noun)具体的一门课的内容syllabus 课外活动extra-curricularactivity学校是社会的缩影Aschoolissocietyinminiature不遵守纪律(名词)indiscipline、misbehavior、mischief(nouns)不遵守纪律的(形容词)学生disruptivestudentsunrulystudents5)理论知识theoreticalknowledge通才generalist专才specialist全面发展的well-rounded/versatile为社会健康发展做贡献contributetosocietalwell-beingcontributetosocietalwelfare(注意这里welfare不是“福利”的意思)6)大学学科的分类可以分为:人文学科(包括文学、历史、语言学等)社会科学(包括政治、经济、社会学等)humanities艺术(包括音乐、雕塑等)socialsciencesarts文科的总称也可以称为liberalartsliberalstudies理科(包括物理、化学、生物等)sciences工科(包括工程,自动化等)基础科学basicsciences应用科学appliedsciences小学教育primary-leveleducation中学教育secondary-leveleducation大学教育tertiary-leveleducation职业教育vocationaleducation/training青少年adolescents/youngsters/Youthsii.Technology&media类词汇10)尖端的技术cutting-edged(adj)technology信息爆炸informationexplosion/informationoverload信息时代theinformationage/theinformationera无联网被广泛的使用theproliferationoftheInternet科技创新及发展technologicalinnovations/inventions/advances/progressions(nouns)提高效率augment/enhance/boost(vts)efficiency提高生产效率augment/enhance/boost(vts)productivity11)减少人力的机器(计算机发明之前的技术)labor-savingmachinery取代人力的机器labor-replacingmachinery自动化automation(noun)、automated(adj)生物技术biotechnology克隆cloning(noun)clone(verb)远程通讯telecommunications(noun)太空探索(名词)spaceexploration人的基因构成one’sgeneticmakeupone’sDNAprogrammingMedia 12)实事currentaffairs新闻界thepress印刷媒体(如报纸、杂志)theprintmedia报道新闻的机构newsoutlets电子媒体theelectronicmedia无处不在的prevalent、ubiquitous、pervasive充斥着…beawashwithbeinundatedwithbesaturatedwithsomething审查censor删除delete、eliminate、excise(vts)过多的暴力与色情内容excessiveviolentandpornographiccontentsgratuitousviolentandpornographiccontents13)有误导性的misleading、misrepresented、distorted诈骗性的fraudulent虚假的false、bogus报道非常详细的细节reportsomethingingraphicdetail媒体炒作mediahype夸大事实exaggeratethingssensationalizethingsblowthingsoutofallproportion(最后一个口语化说法,但作文也可用)客观公正的objectiveandbalanced揭露expose、reveal14)侵犯隐私violatesomeone‘sprivacyintrudeonsomeone‘sprivacyinfringeonsomeone‘sprivacy毁坏某人的名誉tarnishone’sreputationSullyone’sreputationSmearone’sreputationbesmirchone’sreputation狗仔队paparazzi(复数名词,不能加s)名人acelebrity、celebrities(plural)丑闻scandals掩盖(丑闻或罪行等)coverupglossoverwhitewash15)不客观的,不公正的biased、skewed、un-objective如实描写factualaccounts可信的reliable、trustworthy、dependable及时的up-to-dateup-to–the-minute(后者比前者更及时)信息量大的informative娱乐性强的entertaining 有新闻价值newsworthy道德准则codeofethiccodeofconductiii.Tourism类词汇12)旅游景点touristattractiontouristspotsplacesofinterest开阔眼界pushbackexpandone’svisionhorizons(注意horizons必须是复数)游客与当地人互动Touristscaninteractwiththelocals促进文化交流promoteculturalcommunication吸引draw、attract、appealto(vts)、beamagnetforsomebody亲身体验(名词)first-handexperience(noun)多种感观体验的(如听觉、触觉等)multi-sensory(adj)冲突conflict(noun,vi+with)争端discord、dissension把游客和当地人隔绝secludethetouristsfromthelocalsisolate(vts)thetouristsfromthelocals商业化commercialize、commodify(vts)欺骗游客的手段touristtraps间接体验(比如通过电视或者互联网,名词)second-handexperiencevicariousexperience文化遗产culturalheritage互联网不会让旅游业过时TheInternetwillnotrendertourismobsolete.iv.Government类词汇Government13)当局authorities老百姓citizens、thecitizenry(全体公民,不可数)规范,管理regulate、administer、oversee(vts)实施implement立法legislate、makelaws严禁strictlyprohibitbanaltogether严格的法律stringentlaws/legislation监督scrutiny(noun)、scrutinize(vt)、monitor(vt)19)为…拨款allocatemoneytosomethingsubsidize(vt)beapatronofinvestinfinance(vt) fund(vt)dedicatemoneytosomething预算budget税收taxrevenue政府在某方面的开支thegovernmentspendingexpenditureonsomething削减curtail增加augment当务之急priority把…当成当务之急giveprioritytosomething.责任obligation、responsibility20)军备竞赛armsrace自卫self-defense国土安全nationalsecurityhomelandsecurity缺乏远见的政策short-sightedpolicy扩张expansion/aggression谋求霸权seekhegemonypursue(vts)hegemony恶性循环aviciouscircle地区不稳定因素destabilizingfactor规章制度rulesandregulations21)太空竞赛spacerace武器arms、weapons、armaments下岗工人lay-offworkersdownsizeworkers失业unemployment、joblessness基础设施infrastructure比如publictransportsystem公共交通系统powergrid电网pipelines石油和天然气管道watersupplyanddrainagesystem给排水系统等民主与开放的政府ademocraticandprogressivegovernmentv.Animals类词汇Animals22)动物权益保护主义者animalrightsactivists医学研究medicalresearch残忍的cruel、merciless、inhuman、callous、brutal活体解剖vivisection麻醉anaesthetic减轻动物的痛苦alleviate、easeanimals’pain宠物是主人的伙伴petsarecompanionsoftheirmasters给主人心理安慰affordtheirmastersconsolationandcomfort偷猎poach(vi,vt)、poaching(noun)某一种事物是没有替代物的 therearenoreplacementforsomething.therearenoSubstitutesforsomething.therearenoalternatives(单数则去掉s)forsomething.vi.Language&Culture必备词汇20)一种可以通用的语言(比如英语)alinguafrancaauniversallanguageagloballanguage英语的广泛应用theproliferationofEnglish英语的统治地位thedominantroleofEnglishtheascendancyofEnglishthehegemonyofEnglish方言dialect、vernacular、theindigenouslanguage小语种将会消亡Lesser-knownlanguagewillbecomeextinct/obsolete小语种的消亡theextinction/demiseoflesser-knownlanguages24)文化遗产包括有形跟无形两种,有形的入历史遗迹,无形的入风俗,仪式,传统道德观念等Culturalheritagecanbedividedintotwogroups,tangibleculturalheritage,suchashistoricsitesandintangibleheritage,suchascustoms,rites,ritualsandmores,etc.保护preserve祖先forefathers/ancestors后代descendants/posterity(后一个是不可数名词)少数民族ethnicminorities25)民族团结theharmonybetweenethnicgroup/race文化融合culturalintegrationandsynthesis相互影响interaction文化多元性culturaldiversity丰富enrich狭隘的观念insular、provincial、parochialmentality贬低deprecatedDenigrateminimizetheimportanceofDisparageTrivializediscredit某事不是一成不变的somethingisnotsetinstonesomethingisnotcarvedinstonevii.Development类常用词汇26)生活节奏加速thetempooflifehasacceleratedthepaceoflifehasaccelerated疲劳fatigue导致人与人的疏远createalienationbetweenpeople过于功利的materialistic、mercenary、money-worshiping 追求最大限度利润pursuemaximumprofit交通堵塞trafficjamstrafficcongestionsgridblock(最后一个是不可数名词)阻碍impede、hinder、hamper、obstruct、inhibit扶贫povertyalleviation就业机会jobopportunity/employmentopportunity贫穷的needy、poverty-stricken、impoverished、deprived、destitute、indigent富裕的affluent、wealthy、well-off25)撞车carwreckscaraccidents行人pedestrians交通肇事者trafficaccidentperpetrators违章横穿马路jaywalk(可以记忆为:周杰伦走路――不走寻常路――美特斯邦威)监控摄像头surveillancecameras26)有特殊审美价值的老房子oldbuildingsofspecialaestheticvalue(注意审美观的英文说法是aestheticvalues复数)有历史特殊意义的老房子buildingsofhistoricsignificance民居vernaculardwellings让城市更美观beautifythecitiesbetterthecityscape破旧的房子decrepit、rundown、rickety、dilapidated拆除teardownabuildingdemolishabuildingrazeabuildingknockdownabuilding高楼high-risebuilding摩天楼skyscrapers城市化urbanization城乡差距thedisparitybetweenthecityandcountryside城市的urban乡村的rural搬迁relocate(vi,vt)29)在家上班(动词)telecommute休闲leisure、recreation精神上的享受amusementandenjoyment娱乐entertainment、diversion宽松的管理laissez-fairemanagement运营成本operatingcostsoverheadcosts雇用recruit会导致效率降低的counterproductive劳动力资源laborpool 抑郁症depression失眠sleeplessness、sleep-deprivation、insomnia人口爆炸populationexplosion/populationboom控制人口birthcontrol、familyplanning爱慕虚荣的pretentious、ostentatious缺少运动的生活方式sedentarylifestyle营养过剩overnourishmentviii.Environment类常用词汇Environment29)生态平衡ecologicalbalanceecologicalequilibrium可持续发展sustainabledevelopment环保主义者environmentalists、conservationists对环境无害的environmentally-friendly节约使用conserve(vt)保护preserve再利用(动词)reuse、recycle各国必须携手解决环境问题:Countriesonthisplanetmustjoinforces/makeaconcertedeffort/unitetocombat/tackle/resolve/addressenvironmentalproblems.增强公众关于…的意识raisethepublicawarenessofsomethingelevatethepublicawarenessofsomething短缺shortage、scarcity、dearth、lack给资源造成很大压力putastrainonthealreadystretchedresource破坏自然资源wreakhavoconnaturalresources砍伐森林deforestation污染pollute、contaminate有毒的poisonous、toxic30)增加农产品产量boostcropyield可再生资源renewableresource不可再生资源non-renewableresource(包括金属metal,矿产minerals,石油petroleum,天然气naturalgas,煤coal等,后三种可以总称为fossilfuels)消耗(某种资源)consume、deplete用尽useup、exhaust严厉的措施harshaction、measures生态系统ecosystem、ecologicalsystem某一地区所有的生物的总称hewildlifeinaregion/thebiota(=flora+fauna)ofaregion生物多样性biodiversity31)污水effluent/sewage排放discharge温室效应greenhouseeffect globalwarming严重的severe、grave白色污染产生的垃圾non-biodegradablegarbagewastesthatcannotdecomposeorbreakdown/inorganictrash谴责而不是纵容condemnratherthancondonesomething臭氧层ozonelayer肥沃的土壤fertilesoil贫瘠的土壤infertilesoil耕地arableland/farmlandix.Globalization类常用词汇Globalization35)(一个国家或者地区的)文化特性(nationalorregional)culturalidentity全球文化同一化过程globalculturalhomogenization(名词,即地区文化特征的消失)文化同一性(或者叫文化均质性,名词)culturalhomogeneity/culturaluniformity全球化是一把双刃剑Globalizationisatwo-edgesword.地球村theglobalvillagex.Family类常用词汇37)老年人elderlypeople/seniorcitizens家庭成员间的情感纽带familybonds/familyties归属感asenseofbelonging对…的依恋anattachmenttosomething/anaffinityforsomething贫穷的家庭deprivedfamilies富裕的家庭affluentfamilies单亲家庭single-parenthousehold虐待mistreat、abuse家庭暴力domesticviolence毒品上瘾addictiontodrugsbeaddictedtodrugs写作必背40个提分句式.1.ItmustbepointedoutthatitisoneofourbasicStatepoliciestocontrolpopulationgrowthwhileraisingthequalityofthepopulation.2.Itis(hasbeen)estimatedthattheworld"spopulationcouldreach6billionbytheendofthecentury.3.Itmustbekeptinmindthatthereisnosecretofsuccessbuthardwork.4.Itcanbeseenfromthisthatthereisnodifficultyintheworldwecanovercome.5.Asisknownmanistheproductoflabour.6.Itisacommonsayingthatmanwhohasasettledpurposewillsurelysucceed.7.Itisclearthattheenemyhasnodesireforpeace.8.ItishardtoimaginehowEdisonmanagedtoworktwentyhourseachday.9.It"shardtosaywhethertheplanispracticable.10.Thereisnodoubtthatyouwillbehelpedbyothersifyouhaveanydifficulties.11.Itseemscertainthattheyhavemadeaseriesofexperiments.12.Itissaidthatbatshavebeenusingradarformillionsof years.13.Totellthetruth,manymistakeswemadecouldhavebeenavoided.14.Asweknow,itwasnotuntilrecentlythattheproblemwassolved.15.Itmustbeadmittedthatyouhaven"tdonewhatyoupromisedtodo.16.Inmyopinion,thiscomputerisdifferentfromthatoneyousaw.17.Itiscertainthatwehavealongwaytogo.18.Allthisshowsthatnothingcanpreventusfromreachingouraims.19.Asfarasweknow,ittookhimmorethanayeartowritethebook.20.Ithasbeenprovedthateverysubstance,nomatterwhatitis,ismadeupofatoms.21.Ithasbeendecidedthatwearegoingtobuildarailwaywhosebasemustbecompletedwithinthisyear.22.Itisobvious(evident)thatthesuccessoftheinnovationdependsonourconcertedefforts.23.Tobefrank,whetheryoulikeitornot,youhavenootherchoice.24.ItisnaturalthatonemayhavetroubleexpressingcomplicatedideasinsimpleEnglish.25.Whatismoreimportant,theagreementtheyhavenegotiatedisbeingcarriedout.26.Wewillbesuccessfulaslongaswepersevere.27.Franklyspeaking,whatyoucallthetruthmaynotapplytothingshappeninghere.28.Itistruethatwemustredoubleourefforts;otherwisewecannotcatchupwiththedevelopedcountries.29.Itakeitforgrantedthattheywillsupportthisidea.Iregarditasnaturalthattheywillagreetothisidea.30.Inacertainsense,asuccessfulscientistisapersonwhoisneversatisfiedwithwhathehasachieved.31.Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.32.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthenewmanagementmethodhasgreatlyincreasedtheproduction.33.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthenewmanagementmethodhasgreatlyincreasedtheproduction.34.Uponhearingtheunexpectednews,hewassosurprisedthathecouldn"tutteraword.35.Asthesayinggoes,nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.36.Ourgoalmustbeattained.Ourgoalcanunquestionablybeattained.37.Notingcanpreventusfromrealizingthefourmodernizations.38.NowinChina,moreandmorefamiliescanaffordtobuyhigh-gradegoods,suchaswashingmachines,TVsets,videocorders.39.NomatterhowdifficultEnglishmaybe,youshoulddoyourbesttolearnit.40.Itcanbesaidthatwithoutknowledgeofscienceandtechnology,itisimpossibletobuildsocialistmodernizations.Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.罗马不是一天建成的Nosweetwithoutsweat.苦尽甘来Bendthewillowwhileitisstillyoung.修树要趁早,育人要趁小Nothingisdifficulttothemanwhowilltry.世上无难事,只要人肯试Thefireisthetestofgold;adversityofstrongman.烈火试真金,困苦炼壮士Thespecterseesmostclearly.旁观者清Wemustnotliedown,andcry“Godhelpus”.求神不如求己Itisgoodtolearnatanotherman’scost.前车之鉴Thelossoutweighsthegain.得不偿失Thepathtogloryisalwaysrugged.光荣之路常坎坷Alittlehelpisworthadealofpity.一次行动胜过一筐空话Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.有志者事竟成”。Nowayisimpossibletocourage.勇士面前无险路Stepbysteptheladderisascended.登梯需要逐级登Aman becomeslearnedbyaskingquestions.要长学问,就得多问 Wherethereislife,thereishope.生命不息,希望长在Fortuneoftenrewardswithinterestthosethathavepatiencetowaitforher.做事只要有耐心,到头总会有好运;耐心候好运,好运常会来Preventionisbetterthancure.预防胜于治疗Alittleknowledgeisadangerousthing.一知半解,害已误人