英语音标的发音方法（the pronunciation of english phonetic symbols） 12页

英语音标的发音方法（ThepronunciationofEnglishphoneticsymbols）PartoneAmethodofpronouncingvowels1//i:/whenpronouncing1)thetipofthetongueagainstthelowerteeth,totrytoliftthefrontofthetonguepalate.2)lipsspreadoutfromsidetoside,flat.3)/i:/longvowel,":"isalongvowel,morethantwotimeslongerthanthecorrespondingshortvowel.2//I/whenpronouncing1)tothefrontofthetonguepalatallift/i:/lowerthan.2)lipflat,openjaws/i:/widthratio.3)slightlylowerjawandslightlylowerfrontofthetongue.3//E/whenpronouncing1)thetipofthetongueagainsttheteeth,thefrontpartofthetongueslightlyraised,than/I/low.2)longlip,gumstartedmorethanIwide,theupperandlower teethspacedaforefinger.4//A/whenpronouncing1)thetipofthetongueagainstthetooth.2)onthelowerliptothesidesoutintoaflatshape,opentheupperandlowerdentalgumscanaccommodatetheforefingerandthemiddlefingerwidth.5//Q/whenpronouncing1)thefrontpartofthetonguebackslightlyraised,tongueandtonguecontactonbothsidesofthelowerteeth,lipsstretchtothesides.2)lipflat.6,/a:/pronounced1)themouthiswide,thefigureofthetongueisflatandretracted,andthetipofthetongueleavesthelowerteeth.2)/a:/forlongvowels,nottooshort,thelengthofshortdurationistwotimesmorethanyuan.7//C/whenpronouncing1)openyourmouthwideandreduceyourtongueasmuchaspossible. 2)lipsslightlyrounded.8//C/whenpronouncing1)themouthiswide,thetongueisraisedhigherthanthe/C/time,thelipsarerounded,smallerandprotrudingforward.2)pronouncemorethanhair/C/time.9//U/whenpronouncing1)toliftthebackofthetonguesoftpalate,tonguebodyback,thetonguefromthelowerteeth.2)lipsrounded,slightlyforwardprotrusion.10//u:/whenpronouncing1)lipsaremore/U/morerounded,smaller,andprotrudingforward,andthebackofthetongueishigherthan/u/.2)pronunciationislongerthan/U/length.11//:/whenpronouncing1)thetongueisflatandslightlyraisedinthemiddleofthetongue,butslightlyhigherthanthehair///time.Flatlips.2)/[///:whenthelengthofhairthan.12///whenpronouncing 1)wordsshouldbenatural,themouthmusclesrelax,gumshalfopen.2)[//neverreread,pronunciationshouldbeslightlylongerattheend.13//EI/whenpronouncing1).By/E/to/I/slide.2)foldthechinupandraisethetongueposition.14//AI/whenpronouncing1)thetipofthetongueagainstthelowerteeth.2)to/I/slidefromthepositionof/a:/.15//Ci/whenpronouncing1)thetonguepositionisbetween/C///C:/.2)fromtheabovepartsto/I/slide,fromroundlipstoflatlips.16//[U/whenpronouncing1)slightlytouchingthetipofthetonguefrom///towardthe/u/lip. 2)thissoundcanalsobemadefrom///off,andthenwiththeroundedlips.17//BU/whenpronouncingFrom/A///u,thelipsaregraduallyroundedandslightlyelevatedatthebackofthetongue.18//I//whenpronouncing1)by/I/soonslide///.2)hair/I/lipflat.19//Z[/whenpronouncing1)/E/tongueheightbetween/E//and/A/whenthetongueistouched,thetipofthetonguetouchesthelowerteeth.2)by/E/soonslide///.20//u[/whenpronouncing1)by/U/soonslide///.2)becarefulnotto/U/send/u:/.Thepronunciationofconsonantsandphonemes1,/p/pronunciation 1)doublelipsclosed.2)thensuddenlyseparated,theairoutofthemouth,"./p/isavoicelessconsonant,andthevocalcordsdonotvibratewhenpronouncing.2//B/pronouncedasthesameashair/P/time1)closeyourlips.2)thensuddenlyseparated,theairrushedoutofthemouth./B/voicedconsonants,vocalcords,vocalcords,vibration.3//T/whenpronouncing1)thetipofthetongueclingstotheuppergumtoformahindrance.2)thetipofthetonguedropssuddenlyandtheairrunsoutofthemouth.Astronger./T/voicelessconsonants,andvocalcordsdonotvibratewhenpronouncing.4//D/pronouncedasthesameashair/T/time1)thetipofthetongueclingstotheuppergum,causingobstruction.2)asuddendropinthetipofthetongueandtheflowofairoutofthemouth./D/voicedconsonantsarepronouncedwhenvocalcordsvibrate. 5//K/whenpronouncing1)raisedclosetothebackofthetongue,softpalate,hindertheformation.2)theposteriorpartofthetonguesuddenlyleavesandtheairrunsoutofthemouth.Astronger./K/voicelessconsonants,andvocalcordsdonotvibratewhenpronouncing.6/g/pronouncedwithhair/K/thesame1)tonguebackupclosetothesoftpalate,hindertheformation.2)theposteriorpartofthetonguesuddenlyleavesandtheairrunsoutofthemouth./g/voicedconsonantsarepronouncedwhenvocalcordsvibrate.7//tF/whenpronouncing1)thetipofthetongueisraisedandattachedtothebackofthegumtoformanobstruction.2)airtobreakthroughobstacles,thetonguetipendontheleftrearofthegums,tongueandteethbutmustmaintainagapbetweenthegum,africtionsound.8//dV/pronouncedwiththesamehair/tF/tonetongueposition1)thetipofthetongueisraisedandattachedtothebackof thegumtoformanobstruction.2)theairflowbreaksthroughthebarrier,leavingthetipofthetongueoffthebackoftheuppergum,butthetonguemaintainsagapwiththeuppergumandcreatesafrictionsound./dV/voicedconsonantsarepronouncedwhenvocalcordsvibrate.9//F/whenpronouncing1)upperliptouch,theairflowfromthegapbetweentheteeth,causingfriction.2)/F/voicelessconsonants,andvocalcordsdonotvibratewhenpronouncing.10//V/whenpronouncing1)thetonguepositionisthesameasthatofhair/F/time.2)/V/isvoiced,pronunciationsoundvibration.11//W/whenpronouncingThelightatthebackoftheupperteeth,theairflowfromthegapbetweentheteethinthetongueout,formingafrictionsound.12//T/whenpronouncing1)tonguepositionisthesameas/W/time. 2)/T/voicedconsonants,pronouncedvocalcordsvibration.13//S/whenpronouncing1)thetonguenearthegums,airflowfromthetongueandthegumsbetweenthevent,formingafrictionsound.2)/S/voicelessconsonants,andvocalcordsdonotvibratewhenpronouncing.14//Z/whenpronouncing1)thetonguepositionisthesameasthatofhair/S/time.2)/Z/voicedconsonants,pronouncedvocalcordsvibration.15//F/whenpronouncing1)thetipofthetongueandthetongueendup,thebackofthegumrises,andthetonguebecomesclosetothepalate,forminganarrowpassagethroughwhichtheairpassesthroughtoformafricative.2)/F/voicelessconsonants,andvocalcordsdonotvibratewhenpronouncing.16//V/whenpronouncing1)thetonguepositionisthesameasthatofhair/F/time. 2)/V/voicedconsonantsarepronouncedwhenvocalcordsvibrate.17//h/whenpronouncing1)thefreeairflowescapesthemouthandonlygivesaslightfrictionwhenpassingthroughtheglottis.Itiscalledglottalfricative.2)pronunciationwithbackvowelchange.3)vocalcordsdonotvibratewhenpronouncing.18//M/whenpronouncing1)lipsclosed,velarprolapse,airleakagefromthenasalcavity.2)inthewordshallbeslightlylonger,topreventtheslur.3)/M/voicedconsonantsarepronouncedwhenvocalcordsvibrate.19//N/whenpronouncing1)closetothetipofthetongueonthegums,hindertheformation,velarprolapse,airleakagefromthenasalcavity.2)inthewordshallbeslightlylonger,topreventtheslur.3)/N/voicedconsonantsarepronouncedwhenvocalcords vibrate.20//N/whenpronouncing1)tongueand/K/,/g/soundthesame,butthevelarprolapse,blockingtheoralairflowchannel,escapefromthenasalcavity.2)/N/voicedconsonantsarepronouncedwhenvocalcordsvibrate.21//L/(1)lingualtone,althoughonlyone,butdividedintoclear/L/andambiguous/L/twopronunciations.Clear/L/appearinfrontofvowel,addletter,little,light,etc..Tonguetoliftthehardpalate.Vague/L/appearinthesectionbeforetheendingconsonantssuchas:belt,small,apple,tableetc..Pronunciation,tonguebeforesinking,tongueraised,tonguegroovedlead.Ambiguous/L/pronouncedloudandvowellikecanbeextended.22,R/(1)pronounced1)thetipofthetonguetotherearofthefrontpartofthetonguegingivalrolledup,sunken,slightlyconcave,onbothsidesofthetonguebodyisfolded,lipsslightlyprominent,tongueandpalatebetweenairflowfromthevent.2)/r/fricativecanbeextendedwhilethelocationofthevocalorgansremainsunchanged. 23,/j/pronounced1)totrytoliftthefrontofthetonguepalate,lipsstretchedintoaflatshapetothesides.2)vocalcordvibrationduringarticulation.24//w/whenpronouncing1)tothebackofthetonguesoftpalatelifted,lipsveryroundisverysmall,andforward.2)vocalcordvibrationduringarticulation.3)whenthesoundisissued,itimmediatelyslidestowardsthebackvowel