mba英语语法：虚拟语气 10页

MBA英语语法：虚拟语气【mba加油站】语气是动词形式，用来表示讲话人对某种言行或某件事的看法或态度。英语动词有三种语气:陈述语气，析使语气和虚拟语气。1.陈述语气:用来叙述事实或可能发生的事情。　　Knowledgeispower.　　Didyouhearthenews?　　Idon"tcarewhathethinks.　　2.祈使语气:用来表示命令、要求、请求、邀请、劝告或建议等。　　Becareful.　　Speakmoreslowly,please.　　Nevershutthatdoor!　　3.虚拟语气:用来表示动作或状态不是客观存在的，而是想象、假设、愿望或推测等。　　IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.　　IwishIhadyourbrains.ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughter.一、虚拟语气在状语从旬中的用法　　1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 　　虚拟语气最基本的形式是由if引导的非真实条件状语从句，它由非真实条件从句和与之相关的假设结果(主句)两部分组成，表示某种不存在或假设可能会发生的事。[注意]表示可能性时，should仅用于第一人称，would可以代替should用于所有人称。could表示能力，might表示可能。但当should表示义务，意为"应该"时，可以用于所有人称。　　Ifeverythingwereready,weshould/wouldstart.　　Ifhehadknownit,hewould/could/mighthavetoldme.　　Ifshehadreceivedagift,sheshouldhavethankedhim.　　(1)表示与过去事实相反的情况　　IfIhadleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthebus.　　Ifyouhadtakenhisadvice,youwouldn"thavemadesuchamistake.　　IcouldhavedoneitbetterifIhadbeenmorecareful.　　Ifshehadnìbeenill,shemighthavecome.　　(2)表示与现在事实相反或现在实际上并不存在的情现　　Ifshehadtime,shewouldgowithyou.　　IfIcouldhelpanyone,Iwoulddoit.　　IfIwereyou/inyourposition,Ishouldnotgiveup.　　Ifthebosswerehere,hemightmakeadecision.　　(3)表示将来实现可能性不大的情况　　Ifitshouldrain,whatshouldwedo? 　　Ifyouweretocomenextweek,youwouldseehim.　　Ifitsnowedtomorrow,Ishouldstayathome.　　Ifbeshouldwritetoher，sendhermylove.　　(4)特殊虚拟条件句　　1)错综虚拟条件句　　当从句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时，从句和主句的动词按各自的时间变化。　　Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,Alicewouldbealivetoday.　　Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldn"tbeintroublenow.　　Ifhedidn"tarrivehewouldhaveoverslept.　　IfIgaveapartythisweek,Ishouldhaveletyouknowaweekago.　　Ifhehadstartedfivedaysago,hewouldarriveinthreedays.　　Ifyoudidn"tmakeupyourmindnow,youmightsufferinfuture.　　2)含蓄虚拟条件句　　有时，非真实条件不是通过从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语、连接词或上下文表示出来。　　①介词短语　　常见的可以用来引导虚拟条件的介词有with，without,under,butfor,forfearof等，介词短语表示的虚拟条件相当于一个非真实条件从句。　　Withyourhelp(=Ifyoucouldhelpme，Iwouldsucceedinthecompetition.　　Withoutelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodernindustry.　　Butforthestorm(=Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm),weshouldhavearrivedearlier. 　　②连接词　　常见的可以用来引导虚拟条件的连接词有or，but,butthat,otherwise等。　　Hemustbecrazy,otherwise(=ifhehadnotbeencrazy)hewouldn"thavedivorcedher.　　Behonest,or(=if"youwerenothonest)nobodywouldtrustyou.　　ButthatIcaughther(=IfIhadn"tcaughther).shewouldhavefallenintotheriver.　　③上下文　　Youmightstayhereforever(ifyouwantedto).　　Wewouldhavesucceeded(ifwehadkepttrying).　　Heavenandearthwouldcryatthesadnews(iftheywereabletohearit).　　3)省略的非真实条件句　　条件从句中有were，had或should时，书面语中可将if省略，将were，had,should置于主语之前，构成倒装。　　Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn"tallowhertomarryaforeigner.　　Wereitnotforthefactthatyouhelpedme.Iwouldbehomeless.　　HadIknownyouraddress,Ishouldhavewrittentoyou.　　Shouldanybodycall,sayIshallnotbehometillevening.　　WereItomeethertomorrow,Ishouldaskheraboutit.　　4)不和主句连用的非真实条件句　　不和主句连用的非真实条件句由ifonly引导，表示遗憾或没有多大希望实现的将来愿望，常译为"要是……该多好"或"但愿......"。　　IfonlyIwereasrichasyou！ 　　Ifonlyitwouldstopraining！　　Ifonlyhehadtakenmyadvice！2，虚拟语气在方式状语从句的用法TheytreatmeasthoughIwereastranger.　　Heactsifheknewallaboutit.　　Theytalked/aretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.　　Shelooksasifshewouldcry.　　【注意]asif也可用于陈述语气。　　Hewalksasifheisdrunk.Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.3.虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的用法　　在lest，forfearthat,incase引导的目的状语从句中可以使用虚拟语气。lest，forfearthat引导的从句中，谓语动词形式为(should/might+)动词原形；incase引导的从句中，既可以用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。　　Heranawaylesthe(should/might)beseen.　　Sheremindedhimtwiceforfearthathe(should/might)forget.　　Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains/(should/might)rain.二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法　　1.虚拟语气用于表示要求、建议或愿望的动词后接的宾语从句　　一些表示命令和要求(command，demand,order,require,request，ask，urge)、建议(advice,insist,move,propose,recommend,suggest)或愿望(decide,desire,determine,intend,prefer) 的动词后接的宾语从句中，要求使用虚拟语气形式，谓语动词形式为(should+)动词原形。　　Wesuggestedthatthecommittee(should)notgiveuptheplan.　　Heorderedthatheletter(should)bemailedatonce.　　Iintendedthathe(should)doitrightnow.　　【注意】当suggest意为"暗示，表明"，insist意为“的宾语从句要用陈述语气。坚持说，固执的声称”时，后接的宾语从句要用陈述语气。　　Hestillinsiststhathewasn"tthereatthattime.　　AxeyousuggestingthatI"mnottellingthetruth?　　相关文章：2015年MBA英语语法汇总2.虚拟语气用于wish后接的宾语从句　　动词wish后接的宾语从句中必须使用虚拟语气形式，谓语动词形式如下:2.虚拟语气用于wouldrather/sooner/prefer/justassoon(that)后接的宾语从句 Wewouldrather(that)itwerewinternow.　　Iwouldprefer(that)youdiditnow.　　Iwouldsooner(that)youhadgonetothepartylastnight.Jimwouldjustassoon(that)youcalledhimtomorrow.　4.虚拟语气用于表示强烈感情变化的动词后接的宾语从句　　动词marvel，rejoice,wonder,regret等以及Iamsurprised/sorry等后接的宾语从句中，要使用虚拟语气形式，谓语动词形式为"should+动词原形"或"shouldhave+过去分词"表示惊奇、不满、怀疑等感情色彩。　　Imarvelthatheshouldbeabletodosomuchinsuchashorttime.　　Iregretthatyoushouldconsideraburdentodoit.　　Werejoicethatourdreamshouldhavecometrue.　　Iamsurprisedthatheshouldhavebeensorudetoyou.三、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法　　虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用主要体现在由形式主语it构成的三种句型中。　　1.虚拟语气用于"It画+形容词+that..."句型　　在该句型中，常见的形容词有important，vital,necessary，essential，imperative,advisable,desirable,natural,better，urgent等，谓语动词形式为(should+)动词原形。　　Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.　　Itisimportantthatwe(should)haveameetingtomorrow.　　Itisadvisablethatyou(should)askforhispermissionbeforetakingaction. 　　【注意】strange，amazing,odd,surprising等用于该句型时，谓语动词形式为"should+动词原形"或"shouldhave+过去分词"表示说话人惊异、懊悔、失望等感情色彩。　　Itisstrangethatsheshouldfeelsoangry.　　Itisamazingthatheshouldhavelearntsomuchinsuchashorttime.2.虚拟语气用于"Itis+名词+that..."句型　　在该句型中，常见的名词有pity，shame,wonder等，谓语动词形式为"should+动词原形"或"shouldhave+过去分词"表示说话人惊异、懊悔、失望等感情色彩。　　Itisapitythattheheshouldbesoselfish.　　Itisashamethatsheshouldhavedonesuchathing.　　Itisawonderthatyoushouldrecognizemeafteralltheseyears.　3.虚拟语气用于"Itis+过去分词+that..."句型　　在该句型中，常见的动词过去分词有desired，suggested，proposed，requested,decided,advised等，谓语动词形式为(should+)动词原形。　　Itisdecidedthatthemeeting(should)bepostponedtmnextweek.　　Itisadvisedthateveryone(should)masteratleastoneskill.　　Itwasrequestedthateveryquestion(should)beanswered.　　Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybeforeFriday.四、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法　　表示命令、要求、建议的名词，如order，requirement,advice,plan,idea,recommendation,suggestion,proposal,decision等后接的表语从句或同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气形式，谓语动词形式为(should+)动词原形。　　Theirdecisionwasthattheplan(should)becarriedoutnextyear.　　Mysuggestionisthattheproblem(should)besettledassoonaspossible.　　Youradvicethatshe(should)comenextweekisreasonable. 　　Theteachermadearequirementthatallthestudents(should)bepresentatthemeeting.五、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法　　用于"Itis(about/high)timethat..."句型中，从句中的谓语动词形式为动词过去式(were)，意为"(早)该是……的时候了"。　　Itistimewewenttobed.　　Itis(high)timethatyoustartedworking.　　Itis(about)timethatyoulearnttolookafteryourself.　　Itistimethatthechildrenweretaughtalesson.六、虚拟语气的其他用法　　1.虚拟语气用于口语　　虚拟语气用于口话中，使语气显得比较客气委婉，用来陈述看法、提出请求或邀请、提出建议或劝告、提出问题等。　　Ishouldbegladtotalkwithyou.　　Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?　　Wouldyouliketocomeandspendtheweekendwithus?　　Youhadbetterleaveittome.　　Whatwouldyouadvicemetodo?2.虚拟语气用于表示祝愿的句子　　虚拟语气在表示祝愿的句子中，用于表达美好的祝愿，句子中可以使用动词原形，也可以使用情态动词may。　　Longliveworldpeace!　　Godblessyou!　　Mayyoubehappyallyourlife! 　　Mayourfriendshiplastforever!