高中英语语法练习二 14页

强调句型：Hewrotethefamousnovelinthisroom.强调主语_______________________________强调宾语_________________________强调地点状语_____________________________要点：1.强调谓语动词用do,does,didHedidwritethefamousnovelinthisroom.Doremembertodoittomorrow._____________________________________务必记得把你上周借读书馆的书还了。2.去掉强调结构itis/was….that还是一句完整的句子Itwastherainthatmadehimlate.划线部分提问：_______________________Itwasbecauseoftherainthathewaslate.划线部分提问：_______________________定语从句和强调句型混合Itwasintheroomwherehelivedthathewrotethefamousnovel.Itwasintheroomthathelivedinthathewrotethefamousnovel.3.注意强调句型的疑问句型的省略句型Wasitinthisroomthathewrotethefamousnovel?Wherewasitthathewrotethefamousnovel?---wheredidyoumeetMary?---Itwasintheshopwherewemetyesterday.(thatImetMary.)Iamright.强调谓语________________________强调主语___________________________________________________________________________这次事故的确在昨天发生的。__________________________________________________________________直到20世纪初人们才意识到保护环境的重要性。（realize）__________________________________________________________________我可以肯定是他偷走了我的钱包。(it…that)__________________________________________________________________到底是谁该为昨天发生的那起车祸受到责备。（强调句型）__________________________________________________________________只有到了考试后，他才开始意识到他已浪费了大量的时间。(Itwas…that…)It句型:1.It+be+adj.+(forsb)todosthItisnoteasytolearnEnglish.It+be+adj.(n.)+that-clauseItisnecessarythatweshouldequipourselveswithrichknowledgetolayasolidfoundationforourfuture.____________________________________________他们这样说是很自然的。(natural)______________________________________________他尽然没能通过考试太奇怪了.______________________________________________他尽然没能通过考试太奇怪了.2.It+be+adj.+ofsbtodosth→sb.+be+adj.+todosthItwasfoolishofTomtosellsuchasuitasthattoamillionaire.=(Tomwasfoolishto….)It________________________________________________________________You_______________________________________________________________How______________________________________________________________你放弃了这么好的机会真是太蠢了。(silly)3.Ittakessb+sometime+todosth→sbspendstimeindoingsth/onsthIttookhimtwodaystofindtheelephant.spend____________________________________cost_____________________________________4.Itisnousedoingsth.为你以前犯的错误后悔是没有用的。___________________________________________________________5.It+be+p.p.+that-clauseItissaidthathehasbeenillforyears.(Heissaidtohavebeen…)据说他已出国深造了。(goabroad)__________________________________6.It+be+p.p.+that-clause(shoulddosth.)[来(表示命令要求建议的词Itisdemandedthatthehomework(should)befinishedatonce.7.Itseems+that-clause→sb.+seems+todosth.Itseemsthattheyaretalking.(Theyseemtobetalking.)____________________________________________他似乎已经意识到他的错误了。____________________________________________他似乎已经意识到他的错误了。8.Itis+sometimesince-clause→sb.has+p.p.+fortime Itisthreeyearssincehecamehere.(Hehasbeenhereforthreeyears.)9.It+be+long(时间段）+before-clauseItwillnotbelongbeforeweturnourhopeintoreality.10.Itis+被强调部分+that(who)Itisthroughstrugglethatwelearnthistruth._________________________________________________________________________正是有了你的帮助，我们才能成功得通过这次考试。（withthehelp…）_________________________________________________________________________就是他昨天拜访的那家厂制作这种机器的。区分：____________________________________________就是二年前我碰到他的。____________________________________________我碰到他已经二年了。____________________________________________过了二年我才碰到他的。____________________________________________这是我第一次碰到他。11.It+betime+forsth/todosth./that-clauseItistimeforsupper.Itistimetohavesupper.Itis(high)timethatwehadsupper.12.Itisuptosb.todosth.我们是否参加这个活动由你来决定._____________________________________________________________ThereBe结构:房子里有两间小房间，较小的那间做厨房用。(serve)______________________________________________________________________1、主谓一致：Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.2、反意问句：Thereusedtobeawellthere,use(d)n’t/didn’tthere?3、therebe中的非谓语形式：Therearealotofstudentswaitingoutside.Therewereelevenpeoplekilledinthisaccident.There’ssomeoneatthedoortoseeyou.________________________________________________________________昨晚有许多人等在剧院前想亲眼目睹那位歌星的风采.(therebe)_________________________________________世界上没有什么能替代母爱。(substitute..)4、与其它动词连用：ThereoughttobenotroubleThereseemstobeareasonforchangingtheirplan.Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpected.Therehappenstobenobodyintheroom.Idon’twanttheretobeanytrouble.___________________________________________________________________________令我们宽慰的是，当地震发生的时候，房间里碰巧没有人。(there)5.句型归纳thereisnoneedtodosththereisnodoubtthat…thereisnodenyingthat…thereisnodoingsth=itisimpossibletodosththereisnosense/nopointindoingsththereisnopossibilityofdoingsththereisnopossibilitythat…therelive/stand/lie/exist…thereappear/seem/happentobe…___________________________________________________________________无可否认我们国家在过去的10年中取得了巨大的成就。___________________________________________________________________他从不听取别人的意见，所以跟他谈是没有必要的。(need)___________________________________________________________________据说他很有可能出国继续深造。(possibility)在我家门前有一条小河。lie__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.Mybikeismissing.Ican’tfind____anywhere.4.----Haveyoueverseenawhalealive?----Yes,I’veseen____.5.Thecolorofmycoatisdifferentfrom____ofyours.6.____willdoyougoodtodosomeexerciseeverymorning.7.Wethink____ourdutytopaytaxestoourgovernment.8.TheclimateofShanghaiisbetterthan____ofNanjing.9._____isfouryearssinceIjoinedtheArmy.11.ItwasthroughXiaoLi____IgottoknowXiaoWang.12.Itwasinthericefield___wehadourleaguemeeting.区:Itwasthericefield___wehadourleaguemeeting13.ItwasonOctober1st____newChinawasfounded.14.Wasitbecausehewasill____heaskedforleave?15.Maryspeaksinalowvoice;____isdifficulttoknowwhatsheissaying.17.____isnoteverybody____candrawsowell.6.____(be)sheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.9.Ilikesportsandso____mybrother.10.Francis,____borninKentucky,livedandpracticedlawinMissouri.3.It’sthethirdtime____Ihavebeenhere.4.Itwassimplyforthatreason____Iwouldn’ttellhimthetruth.5.Wasittheplace____thelastemperordied?6.____isnodifferencebetweenAandB.7.It____(be)MikeandMarywhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago.10.IfyougotoXi’an,you’llfindthepalacestheremoremagnificentthancommonly____(suppose).13.Itwasnotuntil1920____regularradiobroadcastbegan.19.____washiskindnessthateveryonepraisedhim.A.matterB.individualC.expressesD.potentialsAB.productiveAC.chancesAD.caseBC.beatsBD.failsCD.wayEachhumanbeingisbornassomethingnew,somethingthatneverexistedbefore.Eachisbornwiththecapacitytowinatlife.Eachpersonhasaunique44ofseeing,hearing,touching,tasting,andthinking.Each hashisorherownunique45 tobeasignificant,thinking,aware,andcreatively46personinhisownright---awinner.   Thewords"winner"and"loser"havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewho47theotherguybywinninghimoverandmakinghimlose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthenticallybybeingcredible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothasa(n)48andasamemberofsociety.Aloserisonewho49torespondauthentically.MartinBuber50thisideaasheretellsanoldstoryofarabbi（领袖，大师）whoonhisdeathbedseeshimselfasaloser.Therabbilaments（悲叹）that,intheworldtocome,hewillnotbeaskedwhyhewasn"tMoses;hewillbeaskedwhyhewasn"thimself.  Fewpeopleareonehundredpercentwinnersoronehundredpercentlosers.Itisa(n)51ofdegree.However,onceapersonisontheroadtobeingawinner,his52aregreaterforbecomingevenmoreso. (A)Igrewupinasmalltown.Myfatherraisedchickensandranaconstructioncompany.Iwasbarely10yearsoldwhenmydadgavemetheresponsibilityoffeedingthechickensandcleaningupthetable.Hebelieveditwasimportantformetohavethosejobstolearnresponsibility.ThenwhenIwas22,IfoundajobinNatchbillatacountry-musicclubcalledtheNatchbillPalace,Iwasheddishesandcookedfrom4:00p.m.to9:00p.m.andthenwentonstageandsanguntil2:00inthemorning.ItwasnotlongbeforeIbecameknownasasingingcook.Ihadbeenrejectedsomanytimesbyrecordcompaniesthatitwashardnottobediscouraged.Onenight,awomanexecutivefromacompanynamedWarnerBrothersRecordscametohearmesing.Whentheshowwasover,wesatdownandtalkedandaftersheleft,Isaidtomyselfitwasonemorerejection.Afewweekslater,mymanagerreceivedaphonecall------WarnerBrotherswantedtosignmetoarecorddeal.Soonafter,IreleasedmyfirstrecordinJune1986.Itwasthesenseofresponsibilitythatmademefeellikeaman.KnowingthatIhaddonemybestfilledmewithpride.Istillfeelthatwaytoday,eventhoughIhavebecomeawell-knownsinger.61.Whywasthewriteronceknownasthesingingcook?A.Becausehewasacookatacountry-musicclub.B.Becausehesangforguestswhileheworkedasacook.C.BecauseheoftensangwhilecookingD.Becausehelikedsingingbetterthancooking.62.Whofirstrecognizedhistalentsandhelpedmakehiscareersuccessful?A.WarnerBrothersB.HismanagerC.Hisfather.D.Abusinesswoman63.Whatmadethewriterproudofhimself?A.Hisabilitytoliveindependently.B.Hissenseofresponsibilityinwhateverhedid.C.Hiscourageinthefaceofrejection.D.Hishardworkinhisearlydays. 13.Ihavenoideahowlongagotheseriouscaraccident________.A.hasbeentakenplaceB.wastakenplaceC.tookplaceD.hastakenplace14.It______threemonthssincewelastmeteachother.A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.has16.Inthelastfewyears,Shanghai______alotwiththehelpofthelocalgovernmentaswellasitcomingoverseas.A.hadbeenchangedB.haschangedC.hasbeenchangedD.hadchanged17.Althoughthebusdrivertriedtoavoid___________bymakingconfusingsignals,hedidn’tmanagetodoitandgothispunishment.A.beingfinedB.finingC.tofineD.fine18.I_____alongthestreetwhenIsuddenlyheardfootstepsbehindme.A.amwalkingB.hadwalkedC.hadbeenwalkingD.waswalking19.I______gothome_____IfoundIhadleftmykeysatmyaunt’s.A.wasnosooner…thanB.hadnosooner…thenC.havenosooner...thanD.hadnosooner…than20.Thestory_____inLondonduringtheSecondWorldWar.A.happenedB.washappenedC.hadhappenedD.washappening25.____,andIwillserveyouthemomentIfinishthework.A.WaitingyourturnB.IfyouwaityourturnC.WaityourturnD.AfteryouwaityourturnSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.rootsB.butC.coveredD.reproduceE.energyF.probablyG.gainingH.surroundingI.suppliedJ.lifeLifeonlandprobablybeganabout430millionyearsago,thoughithasexistedinthewaterforperhapsasmuchas3,000millionyears.Whenwethinkofthefirst41onland,we42thinkofstrangeanimalscomingoutoftheoceans,but,infact,noanimalscouldhavebeenlivingifplantshadnotbeenonlandfirst.Plantshadtobeonlandbeforeanimalsarrived.They43thefirstlandanimalswiththe44andfoodnecessary,sincethey---theplantsaretheonlyformoflifethatisabletogetandstore45.Thefirstplantstoexistoutofthewaterwereprobablycertainkindsofalgae（藻类）whichwerefollowedbyotherplantsthatgrewclosetothegroundandneededwaterinwhichto46.Oncethemovetolandhasbeenmade,however,evolutiontookplacequickly.Bytheendof100millionyears,plantshaddevelopedtheir47,andsomehavegottree-likeformssinceheightwasveryimportantin48sunlight.About300millionyearsago,muchoftheworldwas49withforestsofhugetrees.Inmostwaystheywerelikemoderntrees.Theyhadroots,leaves,wood,butmostlytheyhadnotdevelopedseeds.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.WhenIwasacollegestudent,Ididalotoftravellingabroad.Thatwasbecauseaprofessor50metodoso.Shesaid,“Nowisthetimeforyoutotravelaroundtheworld,51your knowledgethroughactualexperiencesandhavefun!”Iagreedwithher.SinceIstartedtoworkfora52company,however,IhavedonemostofmytravelllingthroughtheInternet.ByusingtheInternet,Ihaveseenthesightsofmanycitiesonmycomputerscreen.AndIhavereallymadebusiness53,too.WiththehelpoftheInternet,Ihavealsogot54aboutfoodindifferentcountries.Therefore,Iwasbeginningtofeelthatactualtripswere55necessarywhenIhappenedtoreadafamouschef’scommentontheInternet.Hesaid,“ItisverydifficulttohaverealItalianfoodinaforeigncountry,becauseweenjoyfoodandtheatmospherearoundusatthesametime.Sowhydon’tyouflyovertoItalyandenjoyrealItalian56?”Thosewordsremindedmeofmy57advice.Asinformationtechnology58,youmightbeabletodowithoutmakingsomerealtrips.Butthisalsomeansthatyouwillmissthevarious59youcangetfromtravelling.Todaytherearepeoplewho60directcommunicationwithothersandspendmuchoftheirtimeontheInternet.Itisnotsurprisingtoseeagroupofpeople61notwitheachotherbutintotheirmicrophones.Itseemsasifsuchpeopleare62byaninvisiblewall.Theyseemtobelosingoutonagoodchanceto63andtalkwithotherpeople.Idonotthinkthattheyaretakinggoodadvantageofinformationtechnology.Weshoulduseinformationtechnologyasatooltomakeourdailycommunicationmorefruitful.However,weshouldneverletit64ourtimeforface-to-facecommunication.Let’smakeuseofinformationtechnologymorewisely,andhavegreatfuninexperiencingtheactualworld.50.A.promisedB.allowedC.hurriedD.encouraged51.A.buildupB.useC.practiceD.exchange52.A.computerB.foodC.clothingD.machine53.A.plansB.bargainC.progressD.trips54.A.informationB.tasteC.cooksD.feelings55.A.evenmoreB.nolongerC.muchD.actually56.A.shoesB.dishesC.customersD.situations57.A.friend’sB.parents’C.professor’sD.boss’58.A.producesB.advertisesC.formsD.advances59.A.newsB.pleasuresC.troublesD.places60.A.avoidB.keepC.loseD.enjoy61.A.meetingB.talkingC.communicatingD.travelling62.A.stoppedB.metC.surroundedD.hurt63.A.lookatB.employC.travelD.meet64.A.spareB.increaseC.reduceD.makeuseof 主谓一致:Theyeachgetabook.Thiskindofbookssellswell.Myteacher’sisnotfarfromhere.Eachofthemgetsabook.Booksofthiskindsellwell.Everyoneofthemhasmadeasmallpresentfortheparty.Thedoctor’sisonotherside.1.注意以s结尾的单词a.thenews,physics,economics,mathematicsb.theUnitedstates,theUnitedNationsc.means,species,worksEverymeanshasbeentried.Allmeanshavebeentried.2.the+adjTheoldaretakengoodcareof.3.集合名词:family,class,audience…Myfamilyisverylarge.Myfamilyareverytall.4.时间，金钱，距离，数量等词做主语，谓语用单数。Twohundredyearsisashorttimeinhistory.5.morethanone,manyaboy6.HeisoneofthestudentswhoknowEnglish.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoknowsEnglish.7.every…andevery…(each,no,manya…)Manyaboyandmanyagirliseagertoseethefilm.8.therestof,halfof,plentyof,alotof,mostof，分数，百分数ofMorethan70percentofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.Onlyone-thirdofthestudentshavepassedtheexam.9.amountsof,quantitiesof10.动名词，不定式，从句做主语Thatheiscomingtoseeusiscertain.11.AaswellasB(togetherwith,ratherthan,except,including,besides…)12.就近原则neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalsoEitherheoryouareright.13.What引导的句子要取决于它要表示的含义Whathesaidiscorrect.Whatheleftmearesomeoldbooks.14注意倒装中的主语Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.15注意含义上的一致breadandbuttereggandricecauseandeffectdemandandsupplyfishandchipsThepoetandwriterhascome.Thegirlandwinnerisjumpingwithjoy.16.earnings,savings,surroundings,belongings用复练习1.MaryandKelly______alike.2.Thepolice_____onthespottomaintainlawandorder.3.Thenews_____veryexciting.4.BothTomandMary___goodfriends5.Thepoetandwriter______myformerclassmate.6.Truthandhonesty_______thebestpolicy.7.Toloveandtobeloved_______thegreathappiness.8.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly_______agoodhabit.9.Theteacheraswellasthestudents_____excited.10.Eitheryouorhe_____togo.11.Thatheiscomingtoseeus______certain.12.Makingmodelplanes____hishobby.13.Tosee_____tobelieve.14.Whatweneed_________moremoney.15.Whatweneed__________morepeople.16.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthat______beentoldbymyfather.17.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswho______lateforclasstoday.18.Thewholefamily_________watchingTV.19.Myfamily_____ahappyone.20.Asheep________overthere.21.Somesheep________overthere.22.Everymeans____triedtosavethegirl.23.Allmeans_____triedtosavethegirl.24.Lotsofdamage_____causedbyflood.25.Anumberofthestudents____gonethere.Cf.Thenumberofthestudents____great.26.Alargequantityofpeople___neededhere.Quantitiesoffood____stillonthetable.27.Oneandahalfapples________left.Two-fifthsoftheworkershere___women.28.12dividedby4_____3.29.Myuncle’s________notforfromhere.29.Eachboyandeachgirlinmyclass________adictionary.30.Manyaboy________boughtthatkindoftoy.CfManyboys____boughtthatkindoftoy31.Therestofmystudents___passedtheexam.Therestoftheoil_______gone.32.Therich______necessarilyhappy.33.Betweenthetwowindows__anoilpainting.34.Yourtrousers_____reallytooshort.Apairofshoes________onthedesk.35.Thesurroundings_____verysatisfactory. 动词时态一般现在时1.表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：I’llgothereafterIfinishmywork.Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgothere.但要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.3.表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.TomorrowisWednesday.现在进行时1.表示正在进行的动作。2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时MyfatheriscomingtoseemethisSaturday.SheisleavingforBeijing.3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。TheChangjiangRiverisflowingintotheeast.Thesunisrisingintheeast.4.与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.5.表示心理状态、情感的动作：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。表存在的状态的动词：appear,exist,lie,remain,seembelongto,dependon。表示一时性动作的动词：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。表示感官的动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。一般不用进行时现在完成时1.现在完成时和for、since,during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears、inrecentyears,sofar,uptonow2.下列句型中常用现在完成时Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since从句Thisisthefirst(second…)timethat+完成时Thisistheonly…+that+完成时Thisis最高级+that从句+完成时3.在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,youwillrealizethetheorybetter.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.4.“曾经到过某地（已回来）”“have/hasbeento”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”“have/hasgoneto”.---WhereisLiHua?－Hehasgonetothereading-room.---SheknowsalotaboutShanghai.－Shehasbeenthere.5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,breakout等，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。他已完成工作三小时了。Hefinishedtheworkthreehoursago.Itis/hasbeenthreehourssincehefinishedthework.现在完成进行时1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（今后还要继续一去）的动作。Hehasbeendoingthemathsproblemssince8:00.Ithasbeenrainingfortwodays.一般过去时①表示过去的事情、动作或状态常有过去时间状语或有上下文语境暗示；用于表达过去的习惯；Imetherinthestreetyesterday.Ioncesawthefamousstarhere.Ithoughtthefilmwouldbeinteresting,butitisn’t.②表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.③常用一般过去时的句型：Ididn’tnoticeit.Ididn’trecognizehim.过去进行时1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。Hewaspreparinghislecturealldayyesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。TheywerestillworkingwhenIleft.3.表示过去将来动作。Hesaidshewasarrivingthenextday.过去完成时①常用过去完成时的几种情况：（A）在by、bytheend、bythetime、threedaysbefore等时间状语点时Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars. (B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用hadhoped等或用planned+tohavedone(C)“时间名词+before”用过去完成时“时间名词+ago”用一般过去式。Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.（D）表示“一……就”的几个句型：Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。Afterhe(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.一般将来时①表示未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+动词（常有表示将来时间点tomorrow、nextweek等）。②表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。③begoingto与will/shall,betodo,beabouttodo1.将来完成时用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。WewillhavefinishedseniorBook2bytheendofthisterm.被动语态只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，助动词be＋过去分词。注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如be，feel，look，seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。Mybikeisbroken．Thedoorisopen．（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.Aninterestingbookwasgiventome(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.Iwasgivenaninterestingbook(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof.Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.④情态动词和begoingto、beto、besureto、usedto、haveto、hadbetter等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。⑤谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时用法Peoplesayheisasmartboy.Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.Heissaidtobeasmartboy.类似句型有：Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat…不能用被动语态的几种情况。1所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。2表示发生，持续等意思动词，happentakeplaceoccurlast…3表示归属的动词，如have、own、belongto等。4宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。Shecandressherself．5宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。dreamadreamPeterhopedtomeether．MrSmithenjoyedseeinghisdaughter．主动形式表被动意义。①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词后加副词（如well，easily等）时；当动词open，close，lock，read，record表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。Thedoorwon’tlock.门锁不上。Thefishsmellsgood.鱼闻起来香。_____________________________这种布易洗。______________________________我的钢笔写起来很流畅。②当breakout、takeplace、occur,happen等动词表示“发生时。③want,require,need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。④beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。⑤在“be+形容词+todo”中，当nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.另外：betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。①beseated坐着Heisseatedonabench.（Heseatshimselfonabench.）坐在凳子上。②behidden躲藏Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.(Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.)他藏在门后。 ③belost迷路④bedrunk喝醉⑤bedressed穿着Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。Thebookwassoldbyacertainbookstore.(被动语态)Thebookiswellsold.(系表结构)语法填空题：时态和语态1.Remembertosendmeaphotoofusnexttimeyou______(write)tome.2.IfirstmetTom10yearsago.He______(work)inaradiofactoryatthattime.3.Icanguessyouwereinahurry.You______(wear)yoursweaterinsideout.4.IknowMr.Brown;we______(introduce)toeachotherataninternationalconference.5.Theywon’tbuynewclothesbecausethey______(save)moneytobuyanewhouse.6.Theplane______(leave)at7:00pm,soIhavetobeattheairportby6:40atthelatest.7.IusedtodrinkalotofteabutthesedaysI______(prefer)coffee.8.Thevegetablesdidn’ttasteverygood.They______toolong.9.Whenhewasalive,theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge______(come)frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.10.Youwon’tknowwhetherthecoatfitsyouuntilyou______(try)iton.11.______(leave)itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.12.Withthedevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnology______(introduce)tothefieldofIT.13.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrosstheopensea,which______(call)thePacific,andwemetnostorm.14.Bythetimeheleavesuniversity,he_____(gain)muchworkingexperiencesolongashetakesapart-timejob.15.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____(leave)officesoon.16.Anewtheatre______(build)here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.17.ThereportsaidthattheUFO_____(travel)easttowestwhenhesawit.18.ThisisthefirsttimeI_____(watch)suchanexcitinggame.19.WhenIgotthere,I_____(tell)thathe______(go)toShanghai.20.We_____(hope)tocatchthe9:30train,butfounditwasgone.21.I____(live)inXi’anfortenyearsbynextMay.22.It’shightimewe_____(have)aholiday.23.ThelasttimeIwenttomyhometown,abigfactory_____(build)there.24Greatchanges_____(takeplace)inthecity,andlotsoffactorieshavebeensetup.25.Theygotmarriedlastweekafterthey______(engage)severalyears.;26.Whenthespeakerenteredthehall,allthelisteners______(seat).27.TheAnti—JapaneseWar_____(breakout)in1937anditlastedeightyears.28Unlesshe______(promise)tohelpus,weshalllosethegame.29.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I_______(meet)herseveraltimes.30.Don’tyouknowit’sthefirsttimehe______(attend)thiskindofmeeting?31.Thisdictionarymustn’t______(take)awayfromthelibrary.32.Wecan’tusethebridgenow,becauseit______(repair).33.Nopermission_____(give)foranybodytoenterthebuilding.34.Manybridges______(build)overtheriversinceliberation.35.Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland______(speak)topolitely.36.Dinosaurs_____(disappear)about65millionyearsago.37.They_______(ask)tohelpthefarmerswiththeharvestlastautumn.38.Everypossiblemeans_____(try),butnoneprovessuccessful.39.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundthetickets(sellout)andIdidn’tgetone.40.They________(wait)forthefamousfilmstarfortwohoursandtheywouldwaituntilhearrived.41.Bytheendoflastyearwe________(learn)atleast3,000Englishwords.42.There_______(be)greatchangesinChinainthepasttwentyyears.43.Sofaronlyonethirdofthework_______(do)44.Iwastoldthatthecoat_______(cost)about2,000dollars.45.Thenewpen________(write)smoothly;whynotgetone?46.Suddenlyatallmanwithsunglasses______(see)toenterthebuilding.47.Thewaterintheswimmingpool_______(feel)alittlecold.48Thereisnodoubtthatyourdream________(realize)someday.49Since8o’clockthismorningI_______(write)mycompositionbuthaven’tfinishedityet.50.Somethingshould_________(do)topreventriversfrombeingpolluted. 1.  "_____yourmeetingis!"heofferedthemhissincerecongratulations.A.Howagreatsuccess  B.WhatagreatsuccessC.Howgreatsuccess  D.Whatgreatsuccess2.Wemustrememberthat____fashionisnotthemostimportantthingin______life.A./;the  B./;/  C.the;/  D.the;the3.  It_____quiteafewyears_____theaccusedwasdeclaredinnocentandsetfree.A.was;since  B.is;that  C.willbe;when  D.was;before4.  Theprofessorsaidhecouldtalkon_____interestedtheaudience.A.anytopic   B.whichtopic  C.whichevertopic  D.thetopichethoughtit5.  IheardthatyoureallyhadawonderfultimeatJohn"sbirthdayparty,_____?A.didn"tI  B.didn"tyou  C.hadn"tyou  D.willyou6.  Thegreatuseofschooleducationisnotsomuchtoteachyouthings_____toteachyoutheartoflearning.A.as  B.that  C.than  D.but7.AsurveywascarriedoutonthedeathrateofthosewhowereinfectedbySARS,  ________weresurprising.A.asresults  B.whichresults  C.theresultsofit      D.theresultsofwhich8.  Therehasbeenagreatincreaseinretailsales,____?　　A.doesthere    B.isn"tthere   C.hasn"tthere     D.isn"tit9.Itisthenews____mostparentsofthehopethatthereisasafeandsociallyapprovedroadtoakindoflifetheythemselveshavenothad,buttheirchildrencan.A.thatdeprive　  B.thatitdeprives  C.thatdeprives　  D.whenitdeprives10.Wehadn"tmetfor20years,butIrecognizedher_____Isawher.  A.themoment            B.forthemomentC.themomentwhen        D.atthemomentwhen11.Onhearingagreatnoise,Mikelookedforwardthroughthewindow_____whathappenedoutsidetheroom.  A.toseeingB.toseeC.seeingD.tohaveseen12.Weallthinkthat_____noneedtomakelawstopreventtheyoungfromgettingmarriedduringtheircollegelife.  A.itisB.therehasC.ithasD.thereis13.Georgeappliedforthepositionthreetimes______hefinallygotit.14.Hedoesn"tknowwhattosay,foritisthefirsttimethathe______withagirl.    A.wentoutB.goesoutC.hasgoneoutD.hadgoneout15.Whendoyouthink______startthenewattack?  A.theywillB.willtheyC.theycan  D.canthey改错1.HeaskedmewhereI’dliketogoto.2.It’skindforyoutocometoseeus.3.Idon’tknowtheanswerofthisquestion.4.Themanhadleftatthetimethepolicearrived.5.Hereissomebodywhomyouwantseehim.6.ThisisallwhatIwanttotellyou.7.Unlessheworksmoreharder,hewillcertainlyfail.8.Thereasonwhyhewasabsentisbecausehewasill.9.Hedidnothingbuttocry. 10.Thisbookistoohardformetoreadit.11.Iusedtogotothecinemainonceaweek.12.HesaidlastMondaythathemetherthedaybefore.13.Becausehewascareless,sohefailed.14.Iwastootirednottowalkanyfarther.15.Heneednottoworksolate.16.Ireallydon’tknowhowtodo.17.Ihavebeenwaitingyouforalongtime.18.Theshiphardlylefttheportwhenthestormcame.19.Ifoundstrangethatshehadnotcomeyet.20.NeitheryounorIareinterestedinthematter.21.Bylastmonth,theyfinished3projects22.Thedetectivebooksaresoldwell23.Idon’tagreetothepeoplewhosaywomenshouldstayathome.24.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmwhichIhaveseen.25.Whenthemoonshinesupontheriver,thescenewasbeautiful.26.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohavebeenawardedtheprize.27.Shetalksevenifshewereanadult.28.Heseemstobeabrightstudent,isn’the?29.Theteacherwithmanystudentshavegonetotheexhibition.30.Iwilltoldhimthemomentwhenhecomesback.31.——Youhavenotyetfinishedyourwork,haveyou?——Yes,Ihavenot.32.Thispieceoffishsmelledbadly.33.Theboy’sfaceislikehisfather.34.Theaudienceallseatedwhentheconcertbegan.35.Sincethismorning,IhavewrittenthecompositionbutIhaven’tfinishedit.36.Myneighborisaseventy-years-oldwoman.37.Heisveryold,andhestillworksveryhard.38.Thisisworthydoing.39.Peoplearenotallowedsmokinginthecinema.40.Whichdoyoulikebetter,coffeeandblacktea?41.Iwasgoingtohavemywatchmend.翻译1.我们看得越多,犯的错误就越少。(themore…themore)2.你有没有看见那个小女孩走进网吧。（see）3.我和同桌没有一个人对参加合唱团感兴趣。(neither…nor)4.到他30岁时，他已经普遍被认为是当时最杰出的运动员之一了。(by)5.我第一次来上海就喜欢这个美丽的城市。(thefirsttime)6.飞机飞行的速度是火车的好几倍。(time)7.这是他第一次在校运会上获冠军称号。(time)8.我已完成了他让我做的一切。(everything) 1.众所周知,吸烟有害健康。(As)2.老师不知道那怎会犯这样低级的错误(wonder)3.随着计算机的发展，人们的生活条件改善了许多。（With…）4.报道，在2014年年底前，上海迪士尼主题公园将正式向全世界的游客开放。(by)5.自从我们上次碰面已经过去了六个多月。（It）6.这本书非常值得一读（worth）7.我认为只通过网络进行交流是不够的（it）8.直到她中学毕业才开始独立生活（It）SectionD(8%)Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Theman-madeblockthatoncekeptmenandwomenapartonAmerica"scollegecampusessoonwilldisappearatGeorgeWashingtonUniversity,whichthisweekannouncedthatstudentscanshareroomswithanyonetheywant-regardlessofgenderandage.ThenewpolicyabruptlybroketheoldtraditionalthoughinthepastdecadesfewstudentswouldprotestagainsttheUniversityarrangingroommatesforthem.Theproposal,firstairedlastwinter,causedconcernsfromsomeconservativestudentswhoargueditcouldcreateadditionalhousingcosts.However,comparedwiththeseeminglysubtleprotestfromthestudents,parents’reactionswerenothingbutplainandirresistible.Theywereworriedthat,ifnoschoolguidancewasprovided,kidsmightbesharingroomswith“wrong”guys.Butmoststudentsappearedtoacceptthechange,sayingthatitismorelikelyforstudentstogetalongwiththeirroommatesiftheseroommatesarechosenbythemselvesratherthanareassignedbyUniversity.Studentsclaimthatwhotosharethedormitorywithisaseriousconcerntothem,onlysecondtotheselectionofcourses.Incontrastandtomanypeople’ssurprise,theyrarelypaymuchattentiontothelocationoftheirdorms.Thepushforchanginghousingpoliciesbeganafterasmallgroupofmaleandfemalestudentsmovedintogetheratanon-campustownhousetheycalledEscapingGender.Whenthatprovedsuccessful,theUniversitybegantoconsiderthepossibilityofthenewdormitorypolicy.Accordingtothenewpolicy,studentsshouldfilloutaformnamingfourpossibleroommatesattheirwill.Andtheuniversitywillthenarrangetheroomsaccordingtotheforms.Studentswhoaskforarandomlyassignedroommatewillcontinuetobematchedwithsomeonearrangedbytheuniversity.Theprogramappliestoallthestudentsexceptfirst-yearfreshmenasit’smeaninglessforthemtodecidewhotosharearoomwithwhentheydon’tknowanyoftheirpotentialclassmates.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinnomorethanTWELVEWORDS.)78.WhatwastheolddormitorypolicyattheUniversity?________.79.Thecomplaint(s)aboutthenewpolicymightbe______. 80.ThebiggestconcernforthestudentsatUniversityis______.81.Whyarefirst-yearstudentsnotincludedintheproject?________.