2013年初中英语语法第5集语态 4页

动词的语态（Voices）语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态1.被动语态的构成1)被动语态的基本构成形式主语+助动词be+过去分词2)被动语态的时态被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。现以do为例，将被动语态常用时态列表如下：一般时态进行时态完成时态现在amisaredoneamisarebeingdonehashavebeendone过去wasweredonewaswerebeingdonehadbeendone将来shallwillbedoneshallwillhavebeendone过去将来shouldwouldbedoneshouldwouldhavebeendone3)说出下列各句是哪种时态的被动语态e.g.Thelightsareusuallyturnedonat6:30.e.g.Ourhousewasbuiltin1979.e.g.Thisquestionwillbeansweredbyourheadmaster.e.g.Iknewtheroomwouldbecleaned.e.g.Yourbicycleisbeingrepairednow.e.g.Themanwasbeingquestionedbythepolice.e.g.Mycarhasbeenrepaired.e.g.Iheardshehadalreadybeensenttohospital.4)带情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+过去分词e.g.Thismustbedoneassoonaspossible.5)有些短语动词的被动语态有些短语动词，如“动词+介词”、“动词+副词”、“动词+名词+介词”，其作用相当于及物动词，也可以由被动语态。在被动语态结构中，介词或副词不可丢掉，且其位置不变。e.g.Mybrother’schildistakencareofbymymother.6)含有两个宾语的被动语态在多数情况下，把间接宾语变为主语，而把直接宾语保留下来。e.g.Shewastoldalongstory.7)含有复合宾语的被动语态把宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语e.g.ThechildwasnamedTom.2.主动语态变被动语态1)两种语态结构对比（箭头表示动作方向）宾语（动作承受者）谓语（及物动词）主语（动作发出者）主动语态→→e.g.Hewrotetheletter.宾语（动作发出者）谓语（be+过去分词）主语（动作承受者）被动语态→→e.g.Theletterwaswrittenbyhim.2)主动句变被动句的基本步骤①把主动句的宾语作为被动句的主语②把主动句的谓语改为“be+该动词的过去分词”形式，做被动句的谓语，注意be要根据主语的人称、数和该句的时态要求保持一致③主动句的主语改为by的宾语，有时可省略“by+主语”【注】一般将主动句中表示人的间接宾语变为被动句的主语主动句：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语①e.g.TheychoseTomcaptain.被动句：主语（原宾语）+谓语+原宾语补足语e.g.Tomwaschosencaptain.【注】如主动句中宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变成被动语态后要加toe.g.Isawhimgotothechurch.Hewasseentogotothechurch.3.被动语态的用法英语中，何时情况下才使用被动语态的举例1)不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况e.g.SilkisproducedinSuzhou.2)不必说出动作的执行者的情况e.g.Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.-4-m 1)需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况e.g.Sheislikedbyeveryone.【注】①不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen，take，please，disappear等e.g.这件事发生在1989年。（Wrong）Thiswashappenedin1989.（Right）Thishappenedin1989.②有些动词，如：have，feel，hold，become，rise，look，sound，seem等只能着眼于表示状态而不强调动作，一般不用于被动语态中。e.g.树变绿了。（Wrong）Thetreeshavebeenbecomegreen.（Right）Thetreeshavebecomegreen.1.被动语态和“连系动词+表语（过去分词）”的区别被动语态中的过去分词是动词，表动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，表状态。前者可用by短语表示动作的执行者，后者则一般不用by短语。比较：Thisbookwaswrittenlastyear.Theglasswasbrokenbymysister.这本书是去年写的。（被动语态）玻璃杯是我妹妹打破的。（被动语态）Thisbookwaswellwritten.Theglassisbroken.这本书写得很好。（系表结构）玻璃杯破了。（系表结构）【中考真题欣赏】1.Tomorrowthere"saprogrammeaboutourschoolonTV，thenit____bymillionsofpeople．A．willseeB．sawC．willbeseenD．wasseen。2．--Whatadeanandbrightclassroom，isn’tit？--Yes，it’salwayscleanandbrightbecauseiteveryday．A．cleansB．cleanedC．iscleanedD．wascleaned3.--Areyougoingtotheparty?--No,becauseI______.A.haveaskedB.haven"taskedC.havebeenaskedD.haven"tbeenaskedA.workB.workedC.haveworkedD.willwork4..Sofarthisyear,manynewhouses________inWenchuanwiththehelpofthegovernment.A.buildB.arebuiltC.willbuildD.havebeenbuilt（一）单项选择A组题1.WeknowthatEnglish______allovertheworld.A.isspokenB.isspeakingC.speaksD.hasspoken2.Computer____ineverydaylifeinthiscountrybeforelong.A.isusedB.willuseC.willbeusedD.wasused3.It’struethathisbadteeth____outbyhimself.A.hasbeenpulledB.havebeenpulledC.haspulledD.pulled4.I’vetoldtheoldmanhismoney_____bythepolicemen.A.hasbeenfoundB.havebeenfoundC.havefoundoutD.hasfound5.What______justnow?　A.washappenedB.werehappened　C.happenedD.happens6.Thechildren______nottoplaywiththefire.A.aretoldB.tellC.areaskingD.warn7.---____theInternet_____inyourschool?---Yes,butthecomputerinourofficeoftenrefusestowork.A.Is,usedB.Is,usingC.Does,useD.Has,used8.---Somethingiswrongwiththecar.---Don’tworry.I’llhaveit_______soon.A.fixedB.mendingC.torepairD.tofix9.----FootballbytheBritishatthebeginningoflastcentury.----That’sprobablywhyfootballisoneofthemostpopulargamesinEngland.A.wasinventedB.inventedC.wasinventingD.invents10.ThePRCwas______onOctober1st1949.A.foundB.findC.foundingD.founded11.Iturnedbackonlytofindmyself______byagroupofbeggars.A.followB.followingC.tofollowD.followed12.Nowherlostbooksareusually______thelibrary.A.returnedB.returnedtoC.paidD.paidto13.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade______.Healwaysworkshard.A.tolearnB.learnC.learningD.learns14.---Mytrousersare______.　---I’llbuyyouanewpair.A.woreout　B.wornout　C.wearingout　D.soldout15.Don’tyouknowsweaterscan’t_______thatway?A.bewashedB.beingwashedC.beingwashingD.wash16.Thebrokencup_____awaybytheboyalready.-4-m A.hasbeenthrownB.isthrownC.isbeingthrownD.threw17._________thatAnnisaveryclevergirl.A.It’sbelievedB.It’sbelieveC.ItisbelievingD.It’sbelievedto18.EveryoneexceptJimandBill____somesweets.A.givesB.isgivenC.giveD.aregiven19.Ithinkthesickboymust_____tothehospitalassoonaspossible.A.betakenB.beentakenC.beingtakenD.take20.MostofriceinChina_____inthesouth.A.aregrownB.isgrownC.growD.grows21.Students________slipperswhentheyareatschool.A.don’tallowtowearB.arenotallowedtowearC.arenotallowedtoputonD.arenotallowedwearing22.The2010AsianGames_______inGuangzhou.A.isheldB.washeldC.hasheldD.willbeheld23.IwillgotothepartyifI________.A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.haveinvitedD.aminvited24.Greatchanges______inGuangzhouinthepasttenyears.A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.havehappenedD.havebeenhappened25.Oh,whatabigshop!Doyouknowwhenit_____?A.builtB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.hasbeenbuiltB组题1.ThiskindofT-shirtis______.A.easilywornoutB.easywornoutC.easytowornoutD.easilytobewornout2.----MayIgooutwithyoutomorrow?　----Ifyourjob______bythen.A.hasbeenfinishedB.finish　C.willbefinishedD.willfinish3.---Goandaskthewaiterhowmuch_____.---Don’tworry.Ithasbeen_____.A.doesthemealcost,paidfor　　B.themealcosts,paidC.themealspends,paid　　　　　　　D.themealcosts,paidfor4.----______thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.----Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold5.Theoldmanwalkedinthestreet,______.A.followedbyhissonB.followedhissonC.andfollowinghissonD.andfollowedbyhisson6.Theroom______asameetingroom.A.usedtobeingusedB.wasusedtobeingusedC.usedtobeusedD.wasusedtobeused7.LastmonthMissHan______adoctor.A.marriedwithB.marriedtoC.wasmarriedwithD.gotmarriedto8.TheTVneeds_________.A.torepairB.repairedC.beingrepairedD.toberepaired9.Hisparentsdiedwhenhewasveryyoung,sohewas______byhisuncle.A.broughtupB.grownupC.gotupD.risen10.Thepolice_______lotsofhelpbythepeopleinthecity.A.hasbeengivenB.hasgivenC.havebeengivenD.havegiven11.Pork______outinthisshop.Wecan______now.A.hasbeensold,getnothingB.havebeensold,getnothingC.hasbeensold,getsomeD.havebeensold,getsome12.Lastnightthethief______bythepolice.A.gotcaughtB.iscaughtC.werecaughtD.wascatch13.It’sknownthatthepaperforbooksandmagazines______fromwood.A.aremadeB.ismadeC.hasbeenmadeD.isbeingmade14.The“Thousand-handGuanyin”______bymanypeopleasthebestperformanceatCCTV’sSpringFestivalEvening.A.hasbeenregardedB.areregardedC.hasregardedD.regards15.Inrecentyears,manychildaremade_____whattheyarenot______.A.todo,interestedinB.todo,interestedC.do,interestedD.do,interestedin16.----Whyareyoulate?----Mybikebrokedown.Ihadit______.A.repairedB.repairsC.repairD.repairing17.----I’dliketoborrowabook____“Chicken,run.”----Letmecheckitonthecomputer.Hereitis.It_____Katehasgotit.A.called,saysB.called,issaidC.iscalled,saysD.iscalled,issaid18.PleasetellmewhenGuangzhou_____theAsianGames?A.willholdB.willbeheldC.holdsD.isgoingtoheld19.Usuallybeforeexams,students_____twominutestowritedowntheirnames.A.weregivenB.gaveC.giveD.aregiven20.----Theroomissodirty.----Soitis!Thedustbins______sincewecamehere.A.haven’tbeenemptiedB.hasn’tbeenemptiedC.haven’temptiedD.hasn’temptied21.Herearethephotos_______in-4-m London.A.whoaretaken         B.thattookC.whichIwastaken           D.thatweretaken22.HowlonghaveMr.andMrs.White_______?A.married   B.bemarried    C.gotmarried   D.beenmarried23.Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Thatmeans,he_______work14hoursaday.A.wasmade     B.made     C.wasmaking    D.wasmadeto 24.Shewasheard________anEnglishsonginherroomlastnight.A.singB.sangC.tosingD.song25.Theyneverasked________.A.whatwouldhappentotheworldB.whatwillhappentotheworldC.whattheworldwouldhappenD.whatwashappenedtotheworld（二）句型转换1.Twoyearsagoweusedthatmachinetomakeshoesforchildren.(中考)Twoyearsagothatmachine________________________shoesforchildren.2.Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.（中考）Thebrokenpottery_____________________________atonce.3.Youmusthandinyourhistoryhomeworkbytheweekend.（中考）Yourhistoryhomework_________________________bytheweekend.4.Weshouldwatertheyoungtreeseverytwodays.（中考）Theyoungtrees_______________________________everytwodays.5.Ourteacherdoesn’tletusgooutofourschoolatlunchtime.We_______________________gooutofourschoolatlunchtime.6.Howlonghaveyoukeptthebook?Howlong__________________________________________?7.Shegavemeapresent.I__________________________________________________.Apresent___________________________________________.8.Theymadetheirmotherabirthdaycake.Theirmother________________________________________.Abirthdaycake______________________________________.9.MustIdoalltheexercises?_______________________________________________?10.John’smotherlethimhelptheoldmanmendthebike.（模拟题）Johntheoldmanmendthebike.11.Howdidyoucutyourfingeryesterday?(模拟题)How_____________________________________?12.TheyoftenhearhimsingEnglishsongsinthenextroom.（模拟题）HeoftenEnglishsongsinthenextroom.参考答案A组题1-5ACBAC6-10AAAAD11-15DBABA16-20AABAB21-25BDDABB组题1-5AADAA6-10CDDAC11-15AABAA16-20AAADA21-25DDDCA句型转换1.wasusedtomake2.mustbethrownaway3.mustbehandedin4.shouldbewateredbyus5.aren’tletto6.hasthebookbeenkeptbyyou7.wasgivenapresentbyher;wasgiventomebyher8.wasmadeabirthdaycakebythem;wasmadefortheirmotherbythen9.Mustalltheexercisesbedonebyme10.waslettohelp,byhismother11.wasyourfingercutyesterday12.is,heardtosing-4-m