人教版(八年级英语语法知识点语法及练习题精选 151页

八年级英语语法知识点总析一．词语链接：1.translate(v.)–translation(n.)–translator(n.人),pronounce(v.)–pronunciation(n.)advise(v.)–advice(U.n.),improve(v.)–improvement(n.),breathe(v.)–breath(n.)2.correct(v.;adj.=right)–wrong3.repeat=sayagain4.write/spell(v.)–writing/spelling(n.)5.base(n./v.)–basic(adj.)6.remember-forget,shy-outgoing(shy-shyer/shier-shyest/shiest),start-end,deep-low(反义词)7.start=begin/open(同义词)8.forget–forgot-forgotten,hear-heard-heard,send–sent-sent9.other与else（别的，其它的）else作形容词时，通常放在疑问代词what或anything,something,nothing,nobody,等不定代词之后；else作副词时，通常放在疑问副词或anywhere等不定副词之后。other作形容词，通常放在被修饰的名词之前;other还可作代词。A.1.Whatelsedoyouwant?Isthereanybodyelseintheroom?2.WhenelsecanIcome?Wouldyouliketogosomewhereelse?B.Pleasecomesomeotherday.请改日再来。Doyouwantanyothercolours?10.each与everyeach指两者或多者，强调个体情况，既是代词，又是形容词，常作主语/宾语/同位语等。every指三者或三者以上，强调全体情况，只是形容词，只作定语（与all近义）例：1.Eachofthemhasabagwiththem.(主)2.Hegaveonetoeachofustwo.(宾)3.Eachboyhasaballintheirhands.(定)4.Theyeachhavefourwheels.(同)5.Everystudenthasgonetotheshop.(定语)=Allofthestudentshavegonetotheshop.注意：1).each和every作定语时，后面名词只用单数，谓语动词用单数。（例3、5）each作同位语时，谓语和其前面的主语保持一致。（例4）2).eachof后面接带the的复数名词或复数宾格代词，谓语动词用单数。3).“every+基数词+复数名词”或“every+序数词+单数名词”表“每(隔)---”的意思。例：1.TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears(everyfourthyear).2.everyotherday(每隔一天)=everytwodays11.hope与wish(wish常用于表示某种愿望，实现的可能性较hope小)A.Ihope(that)IcanvisittheGreatWallnextweek.(接宾语从句)IhopetovisittheGreatWallnextweek.(接不定式作宾语)简单应答语：Ihopeso.(我希望如此)Ihopenot.(我希望不是)；wish不能用。B.Iwish(that)Icouldflytothemoonsomeday.(宾语从句常用虚拟语气)Iwishtoflytothemoonsomeday.(接不定式作宾语)Iwishyoutohaveapleasantjourney.(wish后接不定式作宾语补足语)Iwishyouapleasantjourney.(wish后可接双宾语) Iwishyouhappyallyourlife.(wish+宾语+宾语补足语adj.)12.advice不可数名词,可用名量词短语修饰apieceofadvice,somepiecesofadvicegivesb.someadvice(给某人提建议);ask(sb.)forsomeadvice(向某人征求建议)二．短语：1.match---with---_______2.translate---into---=put---into---________3.writedown___=putdown如果接名词，可放在后面或中间；如果接代词,只能放在中间。writedownthesewords=writethesewordsdown=writeit/themdown4.eachother=oneanother_____(eachother“两者之间”；oneanother“多者之间”)LiLeiandIoftenhelpeachother.Theycomplaintooneanother.5.enjoyoneself=haveagood/nice/wonderfultime_______6.allthetime=always___7.borrowsth.fromsb.______–lendsth.tosb.________8.penfriend=penpal________9.gowith_______________10.watch/seeafilm__________11.write---to---________12.givesb.someadviceon/about(doing)sth.___________与askforsomeadviceon/about(doing)sth.________13.dosomeconcerts______14.helpsb.withsth.=helpsb.(to)dosth.________15.makeamistake_______16.sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.________17.enjoy(doing)sth._________enjoyoneself(doingsth.)__________18.talkaboutsb./sth.withsb.____________19.speaktosb._______20.takea(deep)breath_________21.haveaconversationwithsb._________22.practise(doing)sth.________23.show/takesb.aroundsomeplace__________24.begood/badfor_______;begoodtosb.______;begoodat---_________25.sayhelloto---__________26.theEnglishnamefor--______27.begoodat与dowellinbegoodat擅长，表示长久性的爱好，不能用于表具体的一次性的行为，常用一般时。dowellin在某方面做得好，可用于表长久性也可用于一次性的行为，可用各种时态。例：Heisgoodatsinging.=Hedoeswellinsinging.Hedidverywellinthesportsmeetinglastyear.28.thenumberof---------的数量（谓语用单数形式）anumberof---许多的------（修饰可数名词复数，谓语用复数形式）例：Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis52.Anumberofstudentsareplantingtrees.29.intheorder_________30.forexample与suchas_______31.learn---from---_________32.ontheInternet/radio________33.ingroups______34.makeastudyplan for---______35.thinkabout_______36.onthephone_______37.advisesb.(not)todosth._________38.looksth.upinthedictionary___________39.invitesb.tosomeplace_____________,invitesb.toanactivity______,invitesb.todosth.______40.leavesth.someplace___※forget与leave忘记某物或忘记<做>某事用forget，后可接名词、代词、不定式或动名词作宾语。例：IforgotmyEnglishbook,andmymotherforgottoremind(提醒)methen.把某物忘在某处用leave，常以leavesth.someplace形式出现。例：IleavemyEnglishbookinthereadingroom.三．重点句式：1.建议句式：1).Wouldyouliketogototheparkwithus?(用动词时用不定式todo)2).Wouldyoupleaseopenthedoorforme?(用动词时用动词原形)3).Couldyougivemeahand,please?(用动词时用动词原形)4).Shallwegototheparktogether?(用动词时用动词原形)5).Whydon’tyouwriteitdown?=Whynotwriteitdown?(用动词时用动词原形)6).How/Whataboutgoingswimming?(用动词时用动名词doing)7).IhopeIcanfinishtheworkinanhour.(用动词时用动词原形)8).Let’splayfootballontheplayground,shallwe?(用动词时用动词原形)9).You’dbetter(not)gotothemountaintoday.(用动词时用动词原形)10).It’sbettertowearwarmclotheswhenyougoout.(用动词时用不定式todo)11).It’sagoodideatocheckyournotebookeveryday.(用动词时用不定式todo)12).YoushouldalwaysspeakEnglishinclass.(用动词时用动词原形)13).Trynottotranslateeveryword.(用动词不定式(not)todo)2.welcome(sb.)to…欢迎(某人)到…welcome(sb.)backto…欢迎(某人)回到…例：Welcome(you)toChina/myschool/myhomeWelcome(you)backtoChina/school!Welcomebackhome/here!(home,hereadv.副词前不用介词)3.It’sagoodideatodosth.做某事是个好主意That’sagoodidea.=Goodidea.好主意It’sdifficulttoremembernewwords.(动词不定式做真正的主语)4.Trynottotranslateeveryword.(动词不定式做try的宾语)trytodosth.=doone’sbesttodosth(尽力做某事)trynottodosth(尽量不做某事)例：1.Trytoworkoutthisproblem.2.WeshouldtrytostudyEnglishwell.3.Weshouldtrynottosleepinclass. 5.Sb.+take+time+todosth.=It+takes+sb.(代词用宾格)+time+todosth.(某人花费时间做某事；后者中it做形式主语，不定式做真正主语)例：Hetakeshalfanhourtodohishomeworkeveryevening.=Ittakeshimhalfanhourtodohishomeworkeveryevening.6.advisesb.(not)todosth.(建议某人<不>做某事)例：Sheadvisedusnottolookupeverynewwordsinthedictionarywhiledoingreadings.7.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishisspeakingitasoftenaspossible.(不定式做定语)8.DoyoufinditeasytohaveaconversationinEnglish?(it形式宾语，不定式真正宾语)9.Whatmakesyoushy?(形容词做宾语补足语)10.It’ssometimeshardtounderstandAmericanandBritishaccents.(不定式做真正主语)11.Tellhimhowtobeagoodstudent.(“疑问词+动词不定式”做宾语)12.Ileftmyhomeworkathome.(leavesth.someplace把某物忘在某处用leave)13.RemembertospeakEnglishallthetime.(不定式形式做remember的宾语)14.Thisisagreat/goodwaytodosth.(不定式作定语)Thisisagreatwaytosolvetheproblem.15.Numberthepicturesintheorderyouhearthem.(定语从句)四．语法点滴：基础时态的复习P168页模块释疑P160页五．常识：如何学好英语Module2Experiences一．词语链接：1.experiencen.＆v.–experiencedadj.2.competev.-competitionn.–competitor(n.人)3.wondern.-wonderfuladj.4.musicn.–musiciann.(人)5.Italyn.–Italianadj.6.westn.–westernadj.7.sitv.–seatn.8.beside=nextto9.brilliant=excellent10.problem(需解决的问题workon-solve/workout)和question(需回答的问题-ask/answer)11.buy–sell12.entertainv.–entertainmentn.13.sell–sold–sold,dream–dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt14.name=sayout,reckon=thinkof※修饰mark用high活low。15.experience(“经验”，不可数；“经历”，可数)Thisisamathsteacherwithrichexperienceinteaching.CouldyoutellmeyourexperiencesinAfrica? 二．短语：1.takeoffa.________-putonb._______-land(in/on/at);takeofffrom---_______TheplanetakesofffromHongKong,andlandsinNewYork.2.cometrue______3.be/go/stayabroad______4.morethan=over______5.sellout_____6.roastduck_____7.sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb._____8.travelaroundtheworld_____alloverChina________9.oneday=someday_______10.enteracompetition________11.dreamabout/of__________12.takephotosof---________13.Guesswhat!___________14.avisittosomeplace_______15.invitesb.todosth._______invitesb.tosp./theactivity__________16.sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb._________17.thepriceof________18.intoday’snewspaper________19.akindof_____,allkindsof______,differentkindsof__20.giveaconcert______,gotoaconcert______21.attheend(of---)______22.referto___※22.trydoingsth._______与trytodosth.____________(=doone’sbesttodosth.)Thelittleboytriedtodrawanicehorse.(努力去做，争取使某事成功)Thelittleboytrieddrawingahorse.(初次尝试去做某事，不带有目的性)三．重点句式：1.Itsoundsbrilliant!Hervoicesoundsverysweet.(系表结构)2.WeiMinghasbeenalloverChinabyplane.3.Thereisalottoseeanddothere.(不定式作定语)4.I’veneverbeentoShanghai.Haveyoueverbeenabroad?(havebeento，去过某地)5.Pizzahasalwaysbeenmyfavouritefood.(havebeen+表语，表状态的延续)ButIdon’tlikesandwichesoricecream.6.Hehasn’tevertriedskiing.7.Whatdoyoureckon(=think)–willitraintoday?(认为,觉得)Ithinkhe’llcomebacksoon.=Ireckonhe’llcomebacksoon.8.SallyhasinvitedmetostaywithherinEnglandoneday.9.Whatkindofprizesarethereforthesecompetition?10.What’sthepriceofaplanetickettotheUSA?(涉及price的提问使用what)11.What’sthescoreofthematch?(涉及score的提问使用what)说明：涉及price,mark,score,population,temperature等提问时使用what作为疑问词。四．语法点滴：1.现在完成时（参考P168-169页）havegoneto&havebeentohavebeento:去过某地(但已经回来,人不在某地) havegoneto:去某地了(说话时，某人在去某地的途中或已到某地)句中常用ever,never,once(一次),twice(两次),threetimes(三次)…等时间状语时,用havebeento例：Thegirlshavegonetotheshops.(Theyareonthewaytotheshopsorarriveattheshops.)Thegirlshavebeentotheshops.(Theywenttotheshopsandtheycamebackorwenttootherplaces.)2.主语+谓语+表语(S+V+P)(谓语为连系动词Linkv.)例：A.Hewasilllastweek.(形)B.Keepquiet,please!（形）C.Ifeelverywelltoday.(形)D.Themooncaketasteslikethepie.(介短)E.LiLeibecameasoldier.(名)F.Thefoodhasgonebad.(形)G.Thebreadfeelshard.(形)H.LiLeifellilllastMonday.(形)I.Inspring,theweathergetswarmandthetreesturngreen.(形)注意：常见连系动词：1).be,keep,stay(保持),remain(保持),come(true)等2).感官动词feel(感觉/摸上去),look,seem,smell,taste,sound等。注意：主语和感官动词常呈被动关系。3).表“变化”的动词：become,turn,get,grow,go,fall(ill/asleep)等。五．常识：旅游经历Module3Journeytospace一．词语链接：1.several=afew2.discoverv.–discoveryn.3.recentadj.–recentlyadv.4.over=morethan5.alone=byoneself6.extrance–exit,manned-unmanned(反义)7.prefer=likebetter8.secretn.–secretaryn.(人)9.explorev.–explorern.(人)–explorationn.(事)10.mission=task11.busyadj.–businessn.12.return=comeback/giveback(return后面不能再加back)returnto/from12.discover与inventdiscover：发现其对象是一直存在的，以往未被人们认识或发现。invent:发明其对象是以前没有的东西，而且往往是物质性的东西。例：ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica.ThomasEdisoninventedmanyusefulthings.13.also,too与eitheralso比too更正式，只能用在肯定句中，一般紧紧靠近动词(多在动词之前，或be动词、助动词及情态动词之后)。too一般放在句末，或作为插入语放在句中，只能用在肯定句中，口语常与also通用。either用于否定句，放在句末。例：Myfatherisateacher,mymotherisalsoateacher.Myfatherisateacher,mymotherisateacher,too.Myfatherdoesn’tgotoworktoday,mymotherdoesn’t,either. 14.none,nobody与noone的用法：none即可指代人，也可指代事物，表示“没有一个人/东西”（强调数量）作主/宾语等。后面可跟of短语。作主语时，如其指代的是复数名词，谓语用单、复数都行（强调整体时谓语常用复数；强调个体时则常用单数）；如其指代的是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。常用来回答howmany或howmuch以及特定范围的问题。例：1.-Howmanyofthewomenarenurses?–None(ofthemis/are).（主语）2.-Howmuchwaterisleftinthebottle?–None(ofitis).（主语）3.-Whichoftheboysplaysfootballwell?–None(ofthemdoes).（主语）4.Arethereanystudentsintheclassroom?-None.（主语）5.Iunderstoodnoneofthequestions.（宾语）6.Noneofuslike/likesit.（主语）nobody和noone都指代人，表示“没有人”（强调人），做主语时，谓语用单数，后面不跟of短语。常回答who和不确定的问题，在句中做主语或宾语。例：1.Luckily,nobody/noonewashurtinthisaccident.（主语）2.-Whowenttothezoolastweek?.–Nobody/Noone(did).（主语）3.Icanseenobodyintheroom.（宾语）15.alone与lonelyalone用作形容词，表“单独的”(=byoneself)一个人或物，说明客观情况；只作表语。lonely用作形容词，表“孤独、寂寞的”内心感受，说明主观情况。作表语或定语。例：Iwasaloneathome,butIdon’tfeellonely.alone还可用作副词，表示“独自地”一个人或物=byoneself。例：Thelonelyboyhadtowalktherealone.alone作形容词，还可意为“仅仅；只有”，必须放在所被修饰的名词、代词后面。例：Youcan’tliveonmeatalone.=Youcan’tonlyliveonmeat.16.real与truereal指实际与其外貌或传说相符（客观状况）；true则指与实际或真实情况相符，而非虚假的（抽象内涵）。在表示某事是真实的时候，往往可以通用。例：Isthisrealleatherorplastic?Thatisatruefriendship/story.Tellmethetrue/realreasonforyourabsence.really与trulyreally常用于表说话的语气或程度（客观状况）；truly常用于表态度（抽象内涵）。例：It’sreallyniceofyoutosayso.I‘mtrulysorryfordoingthat.17.arrive,get与reacharrivevi.(不及物动词)，表示到某地时(名词)，后面接介词in(大地方)或at(小地方)。getvi.(不及物动词),表示到某地时(名词)，后面接介词to。※但地方如为home,here.there副词时，上述两个动词都不用介词。例：1.HehasarrivedinBeijing.Theyarrivedatthesmallvillagelastnight. Tomhasarrivedhere.2.IgottoBeijingtwodaysago.Hashegothome?reachvt.(及物动词)，后面直接接地点名词；vi.(不及物动词)，后面直接接home,here,there等地点副词。例：TheyhavereachedBeijing.LiLeireachedhomelatelastnight.注意：单独使用时常用arrive,而不用其他两个词。例：TheyhadleftwhenIarrived.18.pay,spend,cost与take①Sb.pay(sb.money)forsth.某人为------付款LiLeipaidmefiveyuanfortheknife.Ihavepaidforthetickets.(pay宾语常为金钱或表代价的词,可带双宾语)②Sb.spendtime/money(in)doingsth.某人花费时间或金钱做某事Sb.spendtime/moneyonsth.某人在某事物上花费时间或金钱Ispendhalfanhour(in)doingmyhomeworkeveryevening.Hespent20yuanonthedictionary.③Sth.cost(sb.)money某物花费某人金钱或代价(cost后面可带双宾语)Thedictionarycosthim20yuan.(=Hepaid20yuanforthedictionary./Hespent20yuanonthedictionary)Thedictionarycosts20yuan.(问句：Howmuchdoesthedictionarycost?)④It+take+sb+sometime+todosth.做某事花费某人时间或精力(不定式真正主语，take后面可带双宾语)Ithastakenhimtwomonthstogetthere.(=Hehasspenttwomonthsingettingthere.)HowlongdoesittaketoreachBeijing?Sb.+take+sometime+todosth.某人花费时间/精力做某事Hetookanhourtofinishthework.=Ittookhimanhourtofinishthework.(=Hespentanhourinfinishingthework./Hespentanhouronthework.)说明：pay,spend常以人作主语；cost常以物作主语；take常以事情(不定式)做真正主语（后置，it做形式主语）19.prefer的用法：①prefer(todo/doing)sth.Iprefertoswim/swimmingintheriver.(不定式表具体性，动名词表习惯性)②prefer(doing)sth.to(doing)sth.=like---betterthan---.(喜欢做前者而不喜欢做后者)Heprefersthisbooktothatone.Heprefersskatingtodancing.③prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.=preferdoingsth.todoingsth.(宁愿做---而不做---)IprefertolearnEnglishratherthanplaythepianoonSunday.=IpreferlearningEnglishtoplayingthepianoonSunday.20.beyond用法：①prep.(表位置)在------的那边，远于Hecamefrombeyondthesea(海外).(表时间)迟于------Hecameherebeyondnineo’clock.(表范围、限度)超出Somespacecrafthavegonebeyondthesolar system.(常用于问、否句)除------以外Ican’ttellyouanythingbeyondwhatyouknow.②adv.(在或向远处)Lookbeyond,you’llgetagoodviewfromhere.二．短语：1.onthespacestation________2.spaceshuttle__________3.thesolarsystem_________4.beonthenews_______5.onbusiness______6.millionsof_____7.go/travelaround____8.morethan=over______9.theMilkyWay_______10.inthesky_____,inspace_______,intheuniverse______11.sofar______12.finish(doing)sth.______13.keepsth.secret__________14.oneday_______15.allthetime_________,fromtimetotime_________16.usesth.todo________;usesth.for(doing)sth._________17.name---after---________benamedafter_______18.sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb._____19.showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.________20.wouldliketodosth.________21.receive/getsth.fromsb.______22.inthelast---years__________23.asksb.todosth.________;asksb.forsth._________24.trytodosth.______25.bepartof_____26.mostof_____27.avisittosomeplace______28.somany_______()与somuch________();toomany_______与toomuch_____(many后接可数复数名词；much后接不可数名词)29.toomuch与muchtootoomuch(太多的---)，修饰不可数名词，表数量，可省略后面的不可数名词；muchtoo(简直太---)，修饰形容词或副词，表程度，后面所被修饰的词不能省略。Heeatstoomuch(food),soheismuchtoofat.三．重点句式：1.whatareyouupto?(=Whatareyoudoing?)2.Whatdoyouthinkofit?=Howdoyoulikeit?(你觉得------怎么样？)3.Ithastakenseveralmonthstogetthere.HowlongdoesittaketoreachBeijing?4.Butastronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.Noonehasbeenthererecently.5.IheartheyhavegonetoShanghaionbusiness.Somespacecraftshavegonebeyondthesolarsystem.6.I’dliketoshowittothem.7.Noneofthemhave/hasanenvironmentwithair,sopeople---.Noonehasdiscoveredanylifeinspaceyet.8.Itishardtounderstandhowlargetheuniverseis.9.Sofar/Untilnow/Uptonowthere’sonlylifeonEarth. 10.Ihaven’treadanythingasgoodasthatforalongtime.11.It’ssogoodthatI’veaskedthelibrarytokeepthenextbookforme.12.Europeanlanguagesusethenamesoftheplanetsforthedaysoftheweek.13.SaturdayisnamedaftertheplanetSaturn.14.Mondaygetsitsnamefromthemoon.15.Withsomanystarsintheuniverse,Arewealone,oristherelifeoutthereinspace?(with短语表伴随)16.ScientiststhinkthattherehasbeenlifeonEarthformillionsofyears.(therebe完成时)17.TheSunanditsplanetsarecalledthesolarsystem.(被动语态)18.Howmuchhaveyougrowninthelastthreeyears?19.I’vealreadyaskedthelibrarytokeepthenextbookforme!20.Ihaven’tmetanyonefamousinmylifebutIhopeonedayI’llmeetarealastronaut.21.I’vewrittentoNASAtoaskthemformoreinformationaboutastronautsandspace.22.Somespacecrafthavegonebeyondthesolarsystem.四．语法点滴：现在完成时（参考课本P169-170页）1.现在完成时常与表时间的already,yet,just,before,recently,sofar等和表频率或次数的ever,never,once,twice,severaltimes等连用(yet,before,twice及短语常用于句尾，recently,sofar用于句首或句尾，already,just,ever,never等副词常用于句中)。2．havegoneto与havebeento的区别(参考课本P23页)五．常识：旅游与天文知识Module4Education一．词语链接：1.health–healthy–healthily;luck-lucky-luckily;care–careful-carefullyn.-adj.-adv.2.illadj.-illnessn.3.describe–description;pay–payment;train-training;organize/organise–organization/organisationv.-n.4.electricityn.-electricaladj.5.poor–rich,same-different,fair-unfair,important-unimportant(反义);importantadj.-importancen.6.study与learnlearn常指学习基础知识或技能；当表示学习某人的品质或精神时，只能用learn。study常指进行书本或某一系统内容的学习与研究；在问学习还是工作时，只能用study。 Ifinditdifficulttolearntoplaythepiano.(learn后面可接不定式作宾语)Whatsubjetareyoustudying?(study后面不能接不定式)7.nearly与almost（两者一般情况下可以互换使用）almost可用于表示否定意义的不定代词(no,noone,none,nothing等)之前。Almostnoonepassedtheexam.nearly不可用于表示否定意义的不定代词之前。Nearlyeveryonetakespartintheactivity.almost不能与not连用，但可与no,none,nobody,nothing,never等否定词连用。Sheatealmostnothing.为了避免意思含糊不清或者不合乎逻辑，almost常紧跟在它所修饰的词前；修饰动词时一般置于主要动词之前，但要放在系动词或助动词之后。不能置于句末。nearly和almost的区别1）almost和nearly既有相同处，也有不同点。在单纯表示"时间、程度、进度"时，almost=nearly例：Thebuildingisalmostcompleted.Thebuildingisnearlycompleted.　第一句比第二句更接近于完成。2）在具体数字前面常用nearly例：Theriverisnearly100metreswide.Theoldmanisnearly80yearsold.3）almost可与no,nothing,none,never等连用，此时不能用nearly代替。例：Almostnoonebelievedhim.There"salmostnoneleft.Whathesaidwasalmostnothingworthlisteningto.4)almost不可被not修饰，如不说notalmost或almostnot。表示“几乎不”，可以用hardly。例：HecouldhardlyspeakEnglish.8.drop与falldropvt.＆vi.(使)掉落；下落Awomandroppedherwalletontheground.(vt.)Thepriceofsugarwilldropsoon.(vi.)fallvi.=dropThesnowfell/droppedeverywhere.9.raise与riseraisevt.升起；举起WeraisethenationalflageveryMondaymorning.risevi.升起；上涨Thewaterintheriverrosemorequicklyaftertheheavyrain.10.ill与sick两者都是形容词。ill和sick都可作表语，可互换使用。但ill一般不作定语。Theboywasill/sick.(表语)Heisasickman.(定语，不能用ill)11.maybe,perhaps与probably都表“可能”。maybe更口语化，可位于句首、句中或句尾。perhaps表示有疑问，不肯定，带有主观猜测的意味。probably相当于mostlikely(很可能)，指根据所掌握的证据或从逻辑推理来说似乎是合理的。即“可能性”的从小到大的排序为maybe＜perhaps＜probably.Maybeheisateacher.=Hemaybeateacher.HehasgonetoEngland,maybe.PerhapshehasgonetoBeijing. Heprobablystaysatthecorneroftheroom.12.pay,spend,cost与take(参考三模块)13.teach–taught-taught,pay–paid-paid,drop-dropped-dropped(dropping)二．短语：1.thesameas________–(be)differentfrom_________2.thepoor_____–therich______(the+形容词：表一类人，视为复数)3.headteacher_______4.geton/along(well)with---___________;geton/alongbadlywith---___________5.hearabout=hearof_______;hearfromsb.=receive/getaletterfromsb.________6.take(anactive)partin_______7.dropoutofschool______8.takecare_____(单用);lookafter--(well)=take(good)careof________9.pointat/to______10.raisemoneyfor---______11.arrivein(大)与arriveat(小)______12.ProjectHope_______13.alloverChina/theworld_______aroundtheworld_______14.getaneducation______15.withone’shelp=withthehelpof---(否定义用without)________16.athome/inChinaorabroad_______17.payforsth._______18.because(接句子)与becauseof(接名词或动名词)19.thousandsof________20.finish(doing)sth.________21.stopdoingsth.______与stoptodosth.______22.goabroad_____23.learntodosth.________24.help(sb.)withsth.______25.payafairpricefor---______26.usesth.todosth.________=usesth.fordoingsth.27.haveaconcert_____28.infact___29.findsth.difficultindoingsth._______30.hopeforsth._____31.wantsb.(not)todo___32.have/livea---life________33.raisemoney______;givemoney______34.what---for____35.teachsb.(not)todosth.___________36.benearto_________-befarfrom___________37.healthcare_______38.workforsb./sth.________39.join,takepartin与attendjoin+党派/团队/组织/人群，成为其中的一员(=becomeamember/partof---)例：jointheParty/theLeague/thearmyjoin(sb.)insth.加入某个群体进行某活动例：Hewilljoinusinthisfootballmatch.takepartin+活动(takepart后不带宾语时，不加in;takeanactivepartin--积极)例：Willyoutakepartinthesportsmeeting?attend+会议/典礼/婚礼；听课、听报告、上学等。例：Heattendedanimportantmeetinglastnight. Childrenmustattendschoolbetween5and16.三．重点句式：1.WhendoesSallyarriveinBeijing?2.It’seasiertolearnaforeignlanguagewhenyouvisitthecountry.(不定式作真正主语)It’simportantforhimtoworkontheirfarm.(不定式复合结构作真正主语)---,butforpoorchildrenit’sdifficulttogotoschool.3.Thatsoundsinteresting.(系表结构)Tellmemore.4.WhatdoyoufinddifficultinlearningEnglish?5.Aisaneight-year-oldboy(=aboyof8yearsold)froma---(复合形容词，名词用单数式)6.Hisparentswanthimtodropoutofschool.(不定式作宾语补足语)7.Hestoppedgoingtoschoolafewyearsago.(停止做某事)8.Hisparentshavebeenillandhehastolookafterthem.9.NowtheycangotoschoolwiththehelpofProjectHope.10.Inthelast15years,thisprojecthasraisedmoneyandpaidfortheeducationof---11.Withthemoney,ProjectHopehasbuiltmanyschoolsandlibraries.(表方式)12.Aboywenttoaschoolwithnoelectricityandonlyafewbooks(=withoutany--表特征)13.BecauseofProjectHope,thousandsofchildrenhavebetterlives.14.WhathasProjectHoperaisedmoneyfor?(what---for=why)15.Whereisthenearestcountrysidetoyourschool?16.HowlonghaveBettyandTonybeenatBeijingInternationalSchool?17.Shehaslivednextdoortome.18.ProjectHopeisalsothenameofaworldorganizationthatworkstoimprovehealthcareintheworld.(定语从句)Oxfamisanorganizationwhichraisesmoneyfordifferentprojects.19.Ithasshopsandsellsfruitandcoffeegrownbypoorfarmers.(过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动意义)20.Oxfamsellsthemandusesthemoneytopayforitsprojects.(不定式作目的状语)四．语法点滴：1.现在完成时表延续意义-Howlonghaveyouknownher?-(I’veknownher)fortwoyears.(for“长达”，接表时段的词语)-Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?-(I’velivedhere)since2004.(since“自从----以来”，接时间起点)2.and,or与but的用法(参考P29页)3.数字(含小数)读法(参考P32页) 4.笔记(P162页)语法(P170-171页)五．常识：希望工程与慈善行为●语法总结：现在完成时（ThePresentPerfectTense）一．构成形式：助动词have/has+done(过去分词)二．基本用法A.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在构成的影响或结果。重点说明的是现在的情况，常与表时间的just,already,yet,before,recently,lately(近来),sofar等和表频率或次数的ever,never,once,twice,severaltimes等连用例:Shehasjustfinishedherhomework.她刚刚完成作业。说明：家庭作业的完成发生在“过去”，但重点说的是“现在没有作业了”这一状况ThisismyfirsttimeI’vevisitedBeijing.这是我第一次参观北京。说明：参观北京是刚刚完成的事情，人还停留在北京。B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。可与表从过去延续至现在的一段时间的状语连用。如：thesedays,sofar,uptonow/thepresent,uptillnow,until/tillnow,eversince------,in(during)thepast(last)fewyears;(ever)since+过去时间点,for+一段时间。例:1.Ihavestayedherethesedays2.Howmanybookshaveyoureadsofar?3.Hasheplantedmorethan50treesduringthepastfewweeks?4.We’veknowneachothersincetenyearsago.=It’stenyearssincewegottoknoweachother5.Shehasn’tcomeherefornearlytenyears6.Inthepastfewyearstherehavebeengreatchangesinourhometown.说明：since后面可以跟表示过去时间的词、短语或句子；而for后面跟表示“从过去某一时间至现在”的一段时间例：IhaveworkedinthisschoolsinceIcamein2003(时间点)=Ihaveworkedinthisschoolforaboutfouryears.(时间段)注意：当与表示从过去某时延续至现在的一段时间的状语连用时，句中谓语动词应用延续性动词或“have/has+been+（相应的）形容词/副词/名词/介词短语”（即系表结构，表状态的延续性）等形式例：1.Iboughtthisnovelthreedaysago(非延续性)=Ihavehadthisnovelsincethreedaysago/forthreedays(延续性)2.Thecatdiedtwoweeksago(非延续性)=Thecathasbeendeadsincetwoweeksago/fortwoweeks(延续性)3.Heleftherehalfanhourago(非延续性)=Hehasbeenawayfromheresincehalfanhourago/forhalfanhour(延续性)4.WejoinedtheLeaguein2000(非延续性)=WehavebeenLeagueMembers/intheLeaguesince2000/forsevenyears(延续性)5.LinTaojoinedthearmytwomonthsago.(非延续性)=LinTaohasbeenasoldiersincetwomonthsago/fortwomonths.(延续性)常用的非延续性动词与一段时间连用时的延续性表达转换方式：非延续性动词延续性非延续性动词延续性buyHaveWakebeawake borrowKeepfallasleep/gettosleepsleep/beasleepmovetoliveinDiebedeadgetback（取回）havebackreturn;come/go/getbackbebackcatchacoldhavecoldEndbeovergettoknowKnowstart/beginbeonputonWearLeavebeaway(from)hearfrom--/getaletterfromhavealetterfromturnon/off;sth.gooffsth.beon/offcloseBeclosedcome/gotobein/on/atopenBeopenreach/getto/arrivein/atbein/on/atgetupBeupjoin/becomeetc.beamemberof---/a---member(成员);bein/with---（组织、团队）注意：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于含一段时间的现在完成时例：Ihaven’tborrowedanybooksforaweek(不用keep)C.havegoneto表示已经去某地了，强调此刻不在谈话地点（不表延续性）例：1.Hehasgonetothebookstore.Hewillcomebackinanhour2.Havetheyjustgonethere?havebeento表曾经去过某地，强调经历，往往此刻已经不在该地了。（不表延续性）例：1.HasheeverbeentoShanghaibefore?2.Ihavebeentheretwicesofar.Ihaveneverbeenabroadbefore.havebeenin/on/at表示在某地呆了多久了，表延续意义，可与一段时间连用(表延续性)例：1.HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina?2.Hehasbeenonthefarmsincelastyear.3.Theyhavebeenherefortwoweeks.注意：因为英语中home/here/there等都是副词，上述三个结构中都不用介词注意：1.现在完成时句型变化体现在助动词have/has的表达形式和位置上2.动词的过去分词有规则变化（同于过去式）和不规则变化（参考课后表）一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，可以与表过去的时间状语连用；而现在完成时表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用例：Isawthefilmlastweek(只说明lastweek的情况，不涉及现在的情况)Ihaveseenthefilm(动作发生在过去，但说明的是现在对电影有所了解这一情况)1.现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时则表示动作发生在过去，一般不表示和现在的关系。例：-Haveyouhadyourlunch?-Yes,Ihave.-Whendidyouhaveit?-Ihaditabouthalfanhourago.2.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时常与表过去的模糊的时间状语（如before等）模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时：yesterday,lastweek,---ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等具体的时间状语。现在完成时：always,ever,never,sometimes,just,already(yet),recently,lately,before,sofar,till/until---,uptonow,inthepastyears等不确定的时间状语。二者共同状语thismorning,tonight,thismonth,now,once,before,already,recently,lately等.3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如：live,have,keep,teach,know,beaway等。一般过去时常用非延续性动词，如：come,go,leave,borrow,die,finish,start等。注意：1.现在完成时句型变化体现在助动词have/has的表达形式和位置上2.动词的过去分词有规则变化（同于过去式）和不规则变化（参考课后表）不规则动词的过去式/过去分词不规则动词（原形过去式过去分词）A+B+Cbewas/werebeenA+B+Bsellsoldsolddodiddonetelltoldtoldgowentgonesitsatsatseesawseendigdugdugringrangrungfindfoundfoundbeginbeganbegunhave/hashadhadswimswamswumholdheldhelddrinkdrankdrunkstandstoodstoodsingsangSungunderstandunderstoodunderstoodchoosechosechosenleaveleftleftfreezefrozefrozenloselostlostbreakbrokebrokenwinwonwonspeakspokespokenshootshotshotstealstolestolenstickstuckstuckknowknewknownlightlitlitgrowgrewgrowngetgotgotblowblewblownforgetforgotforgot/forgottenshowshowedshownA+A+costcostcost AflyflewflowncutcutcutdrawdrewdrawnhithithitdrivedrovedrivenhurthurthurteatateEatenbetbetbetfallfellfallenletletletwritewrotewrittenputputputrewriterewroterewrittensetsetsetrideroderiddenshedshedshedbitebitbittenshutshutshuthidehidHidden/hidreadreadreadgivegaveGivenshakeshookshakenA+A+Bbeatbeatbeat/beatentaketookTakenABAcomecamecomemistakemistookmistakenbecomebecamebecomeriseroseRisenrunranrunwearworeWorn情态动词cancouldXA+B+BfightfoughtfoughtmaymightXthinkthoughtthoughtbringbroughtbroughtshallshouldXbuyboughtboughtwillwouldXcatchcaughtcaughtmustmustXteachtaughttaught特殊情况learnlearned/learntlearned/learntbuildbuiltBuiltsmellsmelled/smeltsmelled/smeltlendlentLentshineshined/shoneshined/shonesendsentSentwakewaked/wokewaked/woke/wokenspendspentSpentsinksank/sunksunk/sunkensweepsweptsweptspellspelled/speltspelled/speltkeepkeptKeptspillspilled/spiltspilled/spiltleadledLedspitspit/spatspit/spatsleepsleptSleptdreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtfeelfeltFeltburnburned/burntburned/burntfeedfedFedhanghung(悬挂)hung(悬挂)meetmetMethanged(绞死)hanged(绞死)hearheardHeardlielay(躺)lain(躺)meanmeantmeantlied(说谎)lied(说谎)spoilspoiled/spoiltspoiled/spoilttravelpreferrefertraveled/travelledpreferredreferredtraveled/travelledpreferredreferredlaylaidLaidpaypaidPaidsaysaidSaidModule5Westernmusic一．词语链接：1.classical–modern;beautiful-ugly;lively-serious;sad–happy;slow– fast/quick;noisy-quiet;loud-low;part-time–full-time(反义词)2.beauty-beautiful–beautifully;tradiction–tradictional-traditionally;noise–noisy–noisily;drama-dramatic-drama-ticallyn.-adj.-adv.3.fun–funny;centre–central;Europe-European;Austria-Austriann.-adj.4.liven.–livelyadj.5.serious–seriously;slow–slowly;sure-surly;loud-loudlyadj.-adv.6.compose-composerv.-n.7.German–Germans(复)-Germany(国家)8.diev.–deadadj.–deathn.9.actually=infact10.older与elderold-older-oldest常用来表物品新旧程度或人的长幼比较，可作定语或表语。Themanlooksmucholderthanheusedtobe.(表语)Theoldestpersoniswalkingslowlytothepark.(定语)Theolderofthetwomenismyeldestbrother.(用于of结构，起名词作用)old–elder-eldest常用来表有血缘关系的同宗血亲的长幼关系，常用作定语。一般不用于than引导的比较状语从句中。Myeldestbrotherworksasanengineerinthefactory.(我大哥在工厂当工程师)Whichistheelderofthetwosisters?(用于of结构，起名词作用)11.type,kind与sort三者有时可以互换使用type表示较具体的分类，表示物品有较明确的相似性，语气比kind/sort肯定而正式(表示“典型/样式/标本”等时，只用type)kind/sort表较抽象、笼统、模糊、不确定的分类。I’vemetwithallkindsofpeopleandallkindsofthings.Whatkind/typeofmanishe?Whattypeofplantisthis?Theyhavedevelopedanewtypeofmachine.Hammer(锤子)isasortoftool(工具).12.own的用法①ownadj.“自己的”，常用于名词所有格或形容词性物主代词后面，起强调作用。Thisishisfather’sownbike.It’smyownEnglishbook.ofone’sown“(属于)某人自己的”Heshowedusaphotoofhisown(可单用于句尾).onone’sown=byoneself/alone“独自；靠某人自己”Canyoufinishtheworkonyourown?②ownv.“拥有”(=have)Iownanewbike.=Thenewbikebelongtome./Ihavegotanewbike.13.aloud,loud和loudlyaloud,loud二者作为副词，都有“大声地”、“响亮”的意思，有时可以通用。但aloud与read，think连用时，表示“出声”，而loud用于talk，speak，shout，laugh等动词之后，在口语中代替loudly①aloud强调发出的声音能被听见，意思为“出声地”或“大声地”，常用read,call等动词连用。 例：Pleasereadthetextaloud.请朗读一下课文。①loud意为“响亮地”、“大声”或“高声地”，侧重发出的音量大，传得远，一般多用来修饰speak,talk，laugh等动词。loud还可用作形容词。例：Speaklouder,please,ornoonewillhearyou.请大声些，否则没人能听见。②loudly意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与loud相同，还常与ring,knock等动词连用。loudly放在动词前后均可，含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。例：Suddenlythebellonthewallrangloudly.突然，墙上的铃大声地响起来。aloud,loudly只能用作副词；loud既可作副词，也可用作形容词。当副词用时，loudly与loud一样用来说明声音的强度，意思是"高声地，喧噪地"，只是在动词后面loud比loudly更常用些。他们的反义是：quietly。例：Don"ttalksoloud(loudly)，you"llwakethewholestreet.别那么大声说话，你快把左邻右舍吵醒了。Someoneknockedloudly(loud)atthedoor.有人在大声敲门。注：而aloud往往与动词read和think连用，表示真的把话说出，而不是在脑子里默默地"说"。Shehasaverygoodpronunciationwhenshereadsaloud.她朗读时，发音很好。14.even,much,far,alot,alittle,abit用在比较级前面，起到强调作用。二．短语：1.onearth_____/______2.inadditionto=besides_______3.ofcourse=certainly______4.recordingstudio_______5.atypeof---______6.hearof______7.bebornin/on---_____8.afanof---______9.givesb.abreak________10.ontheriver______11.the---familyof---________12.play---forsb.________13.morethan=over_______14.notonly---butalso___________15.take/showsb.aroundsomeplace___________16.giveaconcert______________与have/gotoaconcert________17.attheageof---________18.hundredsof---__________19.befamousfor---_____________20.buysb.sth.for---__________________21.makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb._________22.makerecordsforsb._________________23.belongto---______24.beledby---________25.makesure______26.therestof---______27.dancetosth.___________28.the+姓+family__________=the+姓氏的复数形式29.thefamilyofmusicians________30.makesb.famous_______31.bring---together______32.goonholiday_________33.getajobas---__________34.goon---programme________ 35.ahitrecord_________36.makeafilm________37.stopdoing________※①belongto+宾格=be+所有格Thisbikebelongstome.=Thisbikeismine./Iownthisbike.②onearth常用在疑问词的后面，用以加强说话语气。Whatonearthareyougoingtodo?Whereonearthhaveyoubeen?③hearof与hearabouthearof只指听说到的某个对象(某人或某事)。Ihaveheardofthisstrangeman,butIdon’tknowanythingabouthim.hearabout指听说并了解对象的相应细节内容。Ihaveheardalotaboutthisstrangeman,andIameagertovisithim.④aswell,aswellas与notonly---butalso---aswell“同样；也”(=too)Hecandance,hecanplaythepianoaswell.aswellas“既------又------，不仅------而且------”（强调前者）I’mlearningFrenchaswellasEnglish.(我学英语之外还学法语；强调前者French)notonly---butalso---“不仅------而且------”（强调后者）I’mlearningnotonlyEnglishbutalsoFrench.(我学英语而且学法语；强调后者French)=I’mlearningEnglish,andI’malsolearningFrench/I’mlearningFrench,too.=I’mlearningbothEnglishandFrench.notonly---butalso---用来连接两个并列成分。当连接名词或代词做主语时，谓语应与最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致（即就近规则）。1.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikesfootball.(主语)注意：Boththestudentsandtheteacherslikefootball.(谓语用复数形式)2.LucycannotonlysingEnglishsongsbutalsodancetopopmusic.(谓语)3.Thelittlegirlisnotonlylovelybutalsofriendly.(表语)4.IlikenotonlyEnglishbutalsophysics.(宾语)5.HereadsEnglishnotonlyinschoolbutalsoathome.(状语)6.Whathesaidmakesmenotonlyshybutalsoalittleangry.(宾补)aswellas(还有)连接名/代词作并列主语时，谓语须和第一个名/代词的人称和数一致。Thisworker,aswellasthemanager,isworkingduringtheholiday.⑤inadditionto除------之外(=besides)，还有------WhatdidMozartwriteinadditiontooperas?三．重点句式：1.-Who’sit(written)by?-It’sbyStrauss.2.I’mnotsure.3.You’veheardofhim,haven’tyou?–Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.(是的/不)4.Sallydoesn’tlikepopmusic,doesshe?–Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.(不/是的)5.-Whatisitcalled?-ItiscalledTheBlueDanube.(被动语态) Theorchestraisledbyaconductor.ThereweretwocomposerscalledJohannStrauss:afatherandason.(过去分词短语做后置定语)6.Giveusabreak!7.Whatonearthisthat?8.Popmusicislivelyandgoodtodanceto.(不定式作定语)9.ThemostfamousfamilyofmusicianswastheStraussfamily.10.HiswaltzesmadehimfamousalloverEurope.(形容词作宾语补足语)11.JohannStrausstheyoungerwasevenmoresuccessfulandpopularthanhisfather.12.Mozartplayednotonlythepianobutalsotheviolinandtheorgan.13.WhatdidMozartwriteinadditiontooperas?14.Healsolikedtogotohisneighbourhoodchurchandlistenedtothemusicbytheblacksingersandmusicians,calledgospel.(过去分词短语作悬垂定语，修饰music)15.WhenElviswas16,hisfatherboughthimaguitarforhisbirthday.(双宾语)16.Becausehisfatherhadverylittlemoney,theguitarhadnostrings.(no+名词=notany--)17.Elvisgotapart-timejobasamilkmanandboughtonestringamonth.18.Hemadeasongforhismotheronherbirthday.=Hemadehismotherasongonher---.19.ElvisgothisownTVshowanditwasverypopular.20.Aroundtheworldhehassoldoveronebillionrecords,morethananyotherartist.(比较级+anyother+单数名词=最高级意义，即themost)21.Whatdoesshethinkcanhelppeopleunderstandmusicofanykind?22.Theconductormadesurethateverybodyplaystogetherandshowstheorchestrawhentoplayquietlyorloudlyandwhenthemusiciansshouldstopandstartplaying.四．语法点滴：①反意疑问句及其答法理解（P172页）反意疑问句(Disjunctive/TagQuestions)：又称附加疑问句，他提出情况或看法，问对方是否同意。反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略一般问句”构成。它的结构通常有两种：(1)否定陈述+肯定疑问(2)肯定陈述+否定疑问注意：(1)后面简短问句由“be动词(情态动词、助动词)(not)+主语”构成，be动词或助动词应和前句保持一致（即反义疑问句的谓语动词在时态和人称或数方面要与前面陈述句的谓语动词保持一致），简短问句中的主语一般要用相应的代词。例：-Maryisanurse,isn’tshe?–Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.-Theydidn’tcomelastweek,didthey?–Yes,theydid./No,theydidn’t.(2)当陈述句是否定意义句子时，答语中Yes译成“不”，而No译成“是的”。(3)当陈述句中出现no,noone,nobody,nothing,none,neither,few,little,never,hardly,seldom(很少)等表否定意的词时，后面疑问句部分应用肯定形式。例：1.ShecanhardlyspeakEnglish,canshe?2.Fewpeopleknowit,dothey?3.She’sneverreadthisbook,hasshe?4.Neitheroftheanswersisright,isit? 5.NoneofthemwantedtotraveltoFrance,didthey?注意：反义疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-,im-,in-,dis-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。例：1.Yourfatherisunhappy,isn’the?2.Themanisdishonest,isn’the?3.ItisimpossibletolearnEnglishwithoutrememberingmorewords,isn’tit?(4)如果陈述句主语是everybody,everyone,none等时，相应的代词是they,也可以用he(人)；如果主语是every(any,no)thing(事物)等时，相应的代词是it。例：1.Everybodyishere,aren’tthey/isn’the?2.Nothingisdifficultintheworld,isit?(5)Let’s开头的祈使句(us包括听话人在内，表“建议”)，疑问部分用shallwe；而Letus(us不包括听话人在内，表征求“许可”)开头时，疑问部分用willyou。例：1.Let’sbefriends,shallwe?2.Letustryitagain,willyou?**除let开头的祈使句，其他肯定的祈使句的反意问句用willyou(更客气)或won’tyou；否定的祈使句只能用willyou。例：1.Pleasesayitagain,willyou/won’tyou?2.-Don’tbelatenexttime,willyou?–OK.Mr.Li.Iwon’t.(6)在以I(don’t)think(believe,suppose,expect,guess,imagine)等开头的复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句中的主语和谓语要和从句的主语和谓语保持一致。（其他句型视主句的主语和谓语而定）。例：1.Ibelieve(that)heisright,isn’the?2.Idon’tthinkhehaslunchathome,doeshe?3.Shethinks(that)theyhavegonetoBeijing,doesn’tshe?(7)therebe开头的反意疑问句，简短问句用be(not)there形式。例：Thereisnothinginthebox,isthere?(8)hadbetter+V句式反意疑问句，简短问句用“hadn’t+主语”形式例：Theyhadbetterleavenow,hadn’tthey?(9)usedto+V句式的反意疑问句，简短问句用“didn’t+主语”/“usedn’t+主语”形式。例：LiLeiusedtosmokealot,didn’the/usedn’the?(10)must+V(必须)句式的反意疑问句，简短问句用“needn’t+主语”形式。例：Hemustleavehereatonce,needn’the?must+V(一定，表对现在的推测)的反意疑问句，简短问句用V的变化形式。例：1.Hemustknowyou,doesn’the?2.Hemustbealoneathomenow,isn’the?must+have+V-ed(一定，表对过去的推测)的反意疑问句，简短问句用如下形式。例：1.Hemusthavedonehiswork,hasn’the?2.Hemusthavedonehisworkyesterday,didn’the?(有确切的过去时间用过去时)(11)省略的感叹句的反意疑问句，注意主语和单复数形式。例：1.Whatbeautifulflowers,aren’tthey?2.Whatfineweather,isn’tit?3.Howsillyofme,isn’tit? (12)反义疑问句的陈述部分为Iam时，问句部分习惯上用aren’tI表示。例：I’maveryhonestman,aren’tI?(13)too---to---结构的反意疑问句，后面用否定形式。例：Heistooyoungtogotoschool,isn’the?②课堂笔记（P162-163页）五．常识：音乐类型（typesofmusic）和乐器名称（thenamesofinstruments）专项练习1.Heisinterestedinmusic,____________?2.LucyandLilyarewatchingTV,___________?3.Heisgoingtoskatetomorrow,__________?4.LiLeiwatchesfilmstwiceamonth,_________?5.Hewenttotheshopslastnight,____________?6.Wewon’tgototheparktomorrow,_________?7.HehasneverbeentoBeijing,__________?8.WeiHuacansingEnglishsongs,_________?9.You’dbettercomeatsixo’clock,___________?10.Heusedtobeateacher,________________?11.Open/Don’topenthewindowforme,__________?12.Hemustleavehereatonce,__________?(必须)13.Hemustknowyou,_____________?(一定)14.Hemustbealoneathomenow,_________?15.Therearemanytreesinourschool,__________?16.Heisunhappytoday,________?17.NothingcanstopusstudyingEnglish,_______?18.Everyoneisherenow,___________________?19.Let’sgohometogether,____________?20.Letusmovetheshelfforyou,_____________?21.Idon’tknowhewillcome,_____________?22.TheyknowJimcanhelpthem,_____________?23.Iamakindman,_____________?24.Whataheavyrain,_________?25.Heistooyoungtogotoschool,__________?Module6Afamousstory一．词语链接：1.suddenadj.-suddenlyadv.2.strangeadj.-strangern.3.tired(人)与tiring(事物)4.outside-inside5.cheerv.&n.-cheerfuladj.-cheerfullyadv.6.performv.-performancen.7.goldn.-goldenadj.8.follow(=runafter)v.-followingadj.9.once=onetime10.hole-whole(同音)11.clap与stop(词形变化须双写)12.fall–fell-fallen,wear–wore–worn13.cross,across与through cross“通/穿过”，动词(=go/walkacross)Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.across“横/穿过”，介词指从一边到另一边，强调动作在物体表面横过、跨过Canyouswimacrosstheriver?Hewenttotheshopacrosstheroad.Theyhavebuiltthegreatgreenwallacrossthenorthernpartofourcountry.through“穿/透过”，介词，表示从事物的中间/内部穿过Thelittlegirlisafraidtowalkthroughtheforestalone.14.by与near（两者有时可互换）by指空间距离近(=nextto/beside)，近于near。near指时间或距离不远(=notfarfrom)。Theylivenear/bytheriver.15.bring,take,fetch与carrybring“拿/取来”，表由远到近的动作(←)；take“带/拿走”，表由近到远的动作(→)。Whynotbringhimhere?Taketheumbrellawithyou,forit’sgoingtorain.fetch“去接/拿/取；来接/拿/取”，表动作的往返过程(→;←)。Pleasefetchmesomewater.(=Pleasefetchsomewaterforme.)carry“携带/搬运”，不说明固定的方向。Themonkeycarriedherbabyontheback.16.puton,wear,haveon,(be)in,dress的区别puton“穿上”，表“动作”，反义词组takeoff;wear，haveon“穿/戴着”，表“状态”。上述四者都接衣物作宾语。例：Pleaseputonyourcoat,it’stoocoldtoday.He’swearinghisnewclothes.Hehasagreenshirtontoday.in通常用于(be)in+颜色词/有修饰成分的衣物的结构中，表示穿着的特征。例：Thegirlinredismyyoungersister.Theboyisinanewjackettoday.dress“给------穿衣服”，表“动作”，后面接“人”作宾语。例：Thelittleboyistooyoungtodresshimselfnow.dressup“乔装打扮/穿上盛装”get/bedressed(adj.)“穿戴好”例：Theoldmandressedupinastrangecoat.Haveyoualreadygotdressedwell?Thewomanhasgotdressedinanewsuit.17.fall与dropdropvt./vi.表有意或无意的"掉下"某一物体或故意"跌倒"时，用drop。Bad luck! He dropped the stick!He was so tired that he dropped himself into the chair.drop与fall都可用作不及物动词，表示"掉下"，"落下"。The teapot dropped out of her hand.The book fell (=drop)from the table to the floor.18.staff单数形式表达复数意义。例：Whatwerethestaffwearing?二．短语：1.gooff/out______与turnoff_______Suddenlyallthelightsinmyhousewentoff/out.( 指“灯/火”熄灭，“灯/火”作主语)Heturnedoffthelightsandleftinahurry.(指“关闭电器”，“人”作主语)2.goontodo__________,goondoing__________与goonwithsth.__________goontodosth.(某件事做完后)接着做另一件事不定式→目的状语例：Afterlisteningtothemusic,hewentontowritethewords.goondoingsth.继续做(同一件)事情V-ing动名词→宾语(=goonwithsth.)例：Jackgotupquicklyandwentonrunning.goonwithsth.中间有暂停情况(接名/代词)，常与goondoingsth.互换例：Let’sgoonwithourstudy.3.seesb.dosth._________与seesb.doingsth.__________例：IsawKatecomeintotheclassroom.(我看见Kate进了教室；动作已经结束)IsawKatecomingintotheclassroom.(我看见Kate正在进教室；动作正在进行)※不定式表示已经发生的动作，即表示从开始到结束的动作的全过程(或表示对事实的陈述)；而接现在分词表示动作处于进行过程中，即表示正在发生或持续性的动作(或强调描写)。4.smile/laughat_____5.falldown---_______6.tellsb.thetime_______7.gettired____8.bytheriver________9.havenothingtodo_________10.onceortwice_______11.lookinto---_______12.lookoutof---________,getoutof---_________,takesth.outof---____13.what---for=why_______14.thinkof=thinkabout_________15.runby/past---________16.nothingstrange________,somethingwrong_________(定语后置)17.runacrossafield_______18.findsb.do/doingsth.___________19.attheUniversityofOxford_________20.haveapicnic_______21.playwith---_______22.readaloud_______23.sendsth.tosb.________24.goon________25.dosth.bymistake________26.runafter___________27.seesb.dosth._________28.asksb.todosth._________29.takeone’sphoto________30.growup_______31.not---until---__________32.starttodo/doingsth.___________33.onone’swayto---________34.seesb.do/doingsth._____________三．重点句式：1.Shewassittingbytheriverwithabook.(by=notfarfrom;with短语作状语，表伴随状态)2.Howisitgoing?(进来情况怎么样？)3.It’saboutagirlcalled/namedAlice.(定语，表被动意)4.Suddenlyawhiterabbitranpasther.(past介词，“经过”；runpast=pass)5.Alicefelldownarabbitholeandwentintotheirstrangeworld. 6.EveryboyandgirlinBritainhasreadit.=EveryboyandeverygirlinBritainhasreadit.7.Somethingstrangeisnotusualoryoudon’tknowit.(不定代词，定语后置)Therewasnothingstrangeaboutthat.Alicehadnothingtodo.8.Youfallwhenyougoquicklytothegroundbymistake.(错误地)Arabbitholeisaplacewhererabbitslive.(定语从句)9.Onceortwiceshelookedintohersister’sbook,butithadnopicturesorconversationsinit.10.Whatisabookforwithoutpicturesorconversations?(without--悬垂定语，修饰book)11.Shewasthinkingof/aboutmakingadaisychainwhensuddenlyawhiterabbitwithpinkeyesranby/pasther.(when=justatthatmonment,就在这时，表意外；with短语，表特征)12.Shedidn’tthinkitwasstrangewhensheheardtherabbitsay---.(hearsb.dosth.)13.Therabbittookawatchoutofitspocketandlookatit.14.Sheranacrossthefieldafterit.15.Shesawitgodownalargerabbitholeunderthehedge.(seesb.dosth.)16.Alicewentdownafteritandneverthoughtabouthowshewasgoingtogetoutagain.17.Whatdidtherabbitdowithitswatch?(dowith“处置”，疑问词用what而不用how)18.Theyaskedhimtotaketheirphotos.(asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事;takesb’sphotos=takephotosofsb.)19.IwaswatchingTV.Therewasaverygoodprogrammeon.(on副词，“上演”)20.Suddenlyallthelightsinmyhousewentoff.21.Ididn’tknowMaryuntilshestartedgoingtomyschool.22.Itwas10:30,andIwaslyinginbedreading.(reading作伴随状语，修饰/说明lying时的伴随状况)23.Whileyouweresleeping,IwaswatchingTV.(while引导时间状语从句，表主从句动作同时发生)24.Shewassittingneartheriverfeelingtiredwhenshesawarabbitlookingatitswatch.(feeling作伴随状语，修饰/说明sitting时的伴随状况；seesb.doingsth.)25.Iwasthinkingabouthowtoperformthestoryinclass.(“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语)26.TheKinglookedintothehallandfoundmanypeopledancingthere.(findsb.doingsth.)27.ShesmiledateveryonebecauseshewasgivenagoldringbytheQueen.(被动语态)28.WhathappenedtotherealAlice? Sth.happentosb.(某人发生什么事情，“事情”作句子的主语，to后面接“人”)例：AtrafficaccidenthappenedtoUncleWanglastnight.Sb.happentodosth.(某人碰巧做某事，“人”作句子的主语)例：Mr.Zhanghappenedtowalkbythepostoffice.四．语法点滴：1.课堂笔记（参考P163-164页）2.过去进行时（参考P172-173页）过去进行时（ThePastContinuousTense）一．构成形式：助动词was/were+V-ing(现在分词)二．基本用法：1.表过去某一时间或某阶段时间内正在进行的动作，常和表过去时间点或段的状语从句、上下文或thewholenight,atthistimeyesterday,when/while引导的从句连用例：1.-Whatwereyoudoingat9:00lastnight?–Iwaswritingaletter.2.KatewashavingsupperwhenIwenttoseeher.（主：进行时；从：一般时，瞬间性动词）LiLeicametoseemewhen/whileIwaswatchingTV.(主：一般时；从：进行时，延续性动词)3.Iwasreadingwhen/whiletheyweretalkingatthistimeyesterday.4.Theyweren’tplayingfootballyesterday/thewholeafternoon.在when/while引导的时间状语从句中，强调某一动作正在进行的过程中，要用进行时态。when可用于表时间点或时间段，因此在它引导的状语从句中，可用瞬间性也可用延续性动词；while(=duringthetime/atthesametime)表一段时间，在它引导的状语从句中，用表延续性的动词。（即when比while用得广些）例：Thelightwentout(熄灭)when/whilewewerehavingsupper.注意：当when作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时：表示主句动作发生的过程中，从句所表示的意想不到的动作发生了例：Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensomeonecalledme.(when=justatthismoment/suddenlythen)2.动作概念较强的动词，如：go,come,leave,start,begin,open等可用于表示将来的动作（常出现在宾语从句中）例：IwonderedwhentheywereleavingforShanghai.注意：过去进行时的句型变化体现助动词was/were的表达形式和位置上.※进行时需用延续性动词；一般时需用结束性动词五．常识：Alice’sAdventuresinWonderlandRevisionmoduleA一．词语链接：amazing与amazedamazing“令人惊讶的”，形容词，常用来修饰事物；amazed“感到惊讶的”，形容词，常用来修饰说明人。例：Theboywasamazedattheamazingnews.(那男孩对那个令人惊讶的消息感到吃惊)二．短语：1.waterskiing_____2.writeadiary_______3.ingroups_______4.lookup(wordsinthedictionary)________5.beonTV_____6.learntodosth.______7.theanswerto ---_____8.goonholiday__________9.walkalong---__________10.enjoyone’stripto---________11.enteracompetition______12.arrivein/at____13.goaround______14.allover____15.seesb.doingsth.________16.try(not)todosth._______与trydoingsth.________trytodosth.=doone’sbesttodosth.尽力做某事否定式trynottodosth.Theytriedtogetthereintime.(他们尽力及时赶到那里)trydoingsth.(初次)尝试做某事否定式trynotdoingsth.Itriedmakingapaperplane,it’salittledifficult.(我试着做纸飞机，有点难)17.remembertodosth._________与rememberdoingsth.________remembertodosth.记住要做什么（还未做）Remembertoposttheletterforme.rememberdoingsth.记得做过什么（已做过）Irememberpostingtheletterforyou.三．重点句式：1.-Haveyoueverenteredacompetition?–Yes,Ihave.(现在完成时与一般过去时)2.–Whendidyouenterit?-IentereditlastMonday.3.TherehasbeenlifeonEarthformillionsofyears.(现在完成时的延续性用法)4.–Whatkindofworkwereyoudoing?-Iwasworkingatahotelonthebeach.5.YouhavetravelledallovertheUSA,haven’tyou?6.Isawawhaleswimmingintheocean.(seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事)7.WhatwasthebestplaceyouvisitedintheUSA?(定语从句，后置)8.TheColoradoriverrunsthroughit.(流经，用through)9.DidyoumissyourfamilywhileyouwereintheUSA?(while从句中动词是延续性的)10.Ididn’treallywanttocomehome.11.提建议的句式：四．语法点滴：(复习)1.现在完成时的用法A.过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果B.始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态(动词为延续性或用be+相应的adj./adv.形式)C.havegoneto与havebeento的区别2.现在完成时与一般过去时的联系与区别3.过去进行时的用法4.反意疑问句的形式和答语特点五．常识：天文知识Module7Feelingandimpressions 一．词语链接：1.feelv.–feelingn.(可数，常以复数式出现)impressv.–impressionn.introducev.-introductionn.angern.–angryadj.–angrilyadv.politenessn.-politeadj.-politelyadv.quietadj.–quietlyadv.nervousadj.-nervouslyadv.rudeadj.-rudelyadv.especialadj.-especiallyadv.saltn.–saltyadj.priden.-proudadj.rudenessn.-rudeadj.kindnessn.-kindadj.tightadj.-tightenv.2.lovely,lively,lonely,friendly（形容词）3.quiet-noisy,soft–hard,dark–bright,polite–impolite/rude,formal-informal(反义词)polite-impolite,formal-informal(否定义)5.stupid=foolish6.strangeadj.-strangern.7.excitev.-excitementn.-excited/excitingadj.8.feel-felt-felt,shake-shook-shaken,smell–smelled/smelt–smelled/smelt※1.exciting与excited(excitement名词)exciting指某事物“令人兴奋、激动”；excited指某人对某事物“感到兴奋、激动”。Allofusgotexcitedathisexcitingspeech(演讲).Theexcitedboylaughedanddancedwildly.Thefootballmatchisveryexciting.2.all与bothall“所有”，表三个或更多人或物“都”，可做主、宾、表、定、同位语等。当其指复数名词时，谓语用复数；指不可数名词时，谓语用单数。例：1.AllchildrenareinterestedinlearningEnglish.(形容词作定语)2.AllofthechildrenareinterestedinlearningEnglish.（代词作主语）3.Hewantstotellmeallaboutit.（代词作宾语）4.Isthatallyoucanhelpme?（代词作表语）注意：1).all作为同位语，通常位于行为动词前，be动词、助动词或情态动词后。例:1.Weallwanttohelphim.2.Thepresentsareallforthegirl.3.Theyareallworking.2).all与not连用是表示部分否定。例：Notallthestudentswanttogothere.=Allthestudentsdon’twanttogothere.而表示全部否定，需用Noone…或Noneof…结构。例：Noneofthestudentswant/wantstogothere.(谓语动词用单、复数形式都可)3).当all作主语时，如后跟人称代词，需用of+宾格；如后跟带the的名词，可接of结构，也可不用。例：1).AllofusarefromTianjin.2).Alloftheboys/Alltheboyshavegonethere.4)当all作人称代词宾格的同位语时，all紧跟在宾语后面。例：IthinkoneChristmascardforusallisgood.**注意：both意为“两者都”，表示两个人或物“都”，用法与all几乎一致。但完全否定句用Neitherof…类型.例：1).Theyarebothgirls.(全部肯定)2)Bothofthemaren’tgirls.(部分否定) 3)Neitherofthemisagirl.(全部否定)3.each与everyeach和every都意为“每一个”，但each指两者或多者，强调个体情况，既是代词，又是形容词，常作主/宾/同位语等。every指三者或三者以上，强调全体情况，只是形容词，只作定语（与all近义）例：1.Eachofthemhasabagwiththem.(主)2.Hegaveonetoeachofustwo.(宾)3.Eachboyhasaballintheirhands.(定)4.Theyeachhavefourwheels.(同)注意：1）each和every作定语时，后面名词只用单数，谓语动词用单数。2）eachof后面接带the的复数名词或复数宾格代词，谓语动词用单数。3）“every+基数词+复数名词”或“every+序数词+单数名词”表“每(隔)---”例：1.TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears(everyfourthyear).2.everyotherday(每隔一天)4.both,either与neither三者都代替两个人或事物，在句中作主/宾/定语。both表“(两者)都”(肯定)，either表示“(两者中)任一”，neither表示“(两者中)任何一个都不”(否定)。例：1.Bothofthebooksareinteresting.2.Eitherofusis(Bothofusare)right.3.Neitherofhisparentsisateacher.（主语）注意：当它们作主语时，both的谓语用复数；either/neither的谓语用单数。1.Iwantbothofthepens.2.Idon’twant(wantneitherof)eitherofthem.3.Iknowneitherofthetwoboys.（宾语）4.Therearemanytreesonbothsides/either(each)sideoftheriver.5.Neithermooncakeisdelicious.(either/neither后接单数词)（定语）注意：1both---and---连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。neither---nor---/either---or连接并列主语时，谓语与第二主语一致（就近规则）。例：1).BothheandIareright.2).NeitherhenorIamright.3).EitherheorIamright.either还可作副词：“也（不）”，用于否定句；而too“也”，用于肯定句。例：Hecansing,andhecandance,too.Hecan’tsing,andhecan’tdance,either.5.cheeron与cheerupcheeron表示(赛跑、比赛等中)以喝彩声鼓励，为(某人)加油。(v.+sb./sth.+adv.)cheerup(使)高兴起来(v.+sb./sth.+adv.)例：Theboyswerecheeringtheirfootballteam.Peopleareallcheeringtherunneron.Youshouldtakeyoursontothezootocheerhimup.二．短语：1.one---theother---_______2.shakehandswithsb.(eachother)_________3.haveatry____________havealook(at)____________4.introducesb.tosb.else______________5.hearfromsb.(接人)=receive/getaletter(接物)fromsb.___________6.at first______7.bewithsb._______8.lovedoing_______9.dosth.wrong/right=dotheright/wrongthings_________10.dothesame_______11.writeareplytosb.________12.getgood/badmark_________13.complainaboutsth.tosb.__________14.wouldlike(todo)sth._____________,wouldlikesb.todosth._____________15.danceto---(music)_______16.somuch______17.soundlike---________18.aswell_______19.beproudof______20.get/beangrywithsb._________21.feel---aboutdoingsth._________22.abit_______23.afew_____24.beafraidof(doing)sth.________25.beexcitedabout(doing)sth.____26.(be)closeto______27.in---situation________28.berudeto______29.stareatsb._______1.beproudofsb./sth.---(为某人或某事而骄傲、自豪)=takepridein---TheChinesepeoplearequiteproudofYangLiwei.beproudtodosth.(为做某事而感到骄傲、自豪)I’mproudtobeyourfriend.2.begetangrywithsb.(生某人的气)Don’tbeangrywithhim.He’sonlyakid.beangryat/aboutsth.(因某事而生气)Sheisalwaysangryat/aboutthesmallthings.3.beexcitedabout(doing)sth.,beexcitedat/aboutsth.与beexcitedtodosth.beexcitedabout(doing)sth.对(做)某事感到兴奋ThefansareexcitedaboutthearrivalofSHE.Thechildrenareexcitedaboutvisitingthenationalstadium,beexcitedat/aboutsth.对某事感到兴奋TheWorldCupiscoming.Areyouexcitedaboutit?注意：beexcitingat是在某些方面激动是一个抽象名词beexcitedabout关于什么激动是一个事件beexcitedtodosth.做了某事而感到兴奋TheywereexcitedtomeetJackieChaninthestreet.4.feel---aboutdoing(对做某事有------感受)Howwouldyoufeelaboutleavingyourhometown?Thekidswillfeelexcitedaboutgoingcamping.feel---aboutsb./sth.(对某人/事感到------)Howdoyoufeelabouthim?Ifeelsadabouthisaccident.5.eachother=oneanother(互相)eachother指两者之间(betweenAandB)；oneanother指多者之间(among---)LucyandLilyhelpeachother.Theyputpresentsineachother’sbags. (所有格)6.beafraid“恐怕”1)beafraid+todo，表示因害怕而不敢做某事。例：Sheisafraidtostaywithhim.2)beafraidof+sb/(doing)sth.，表示害怕出现某种结果。例：IamafraidtogetuplatebecauseI’mafraidofgettingtherelate.3)I’mafraid+that从句（that可省略）=I’msorry,but…，表带歉意的回绝，表示一种担忧。例：I’mafraidIcan’tgowithyou.=I’msorry,butIcan’tgowithyou.  3)I’mafraidso与I’mafraidnot常用作答语，表肯定或否定。so和not相当于that从句。例：1.－Itisgoingtorain.?－Yes,I’mafraidso./Yes.I’mafraidthatitisgoingtorain.   2.－Shallweplayfootballhere?－I’mafraidnot./I’mafraidthatyoumustn’tplayfootballhere.7.afew,few,alittle,little和abitafew(=several/notmany)“有几个”，修饰可数名词复数，表肯定意义；few“没几个/少数”，修饰可数名词复数，表否定意义。例：Ihavebeenhereforonlyafewdays,soIhavegotfewfriends.Fewstudentsareontheplayground,arethey?alittle(=notmuch)“有一点”，修饰不可数名词，表肯定意义；little“几乎没有”，修饰不可数名词，表否定意义。例：Thereisalittlemeatinthefridge,butthereislittlemilkinit.※only，just，still之后只能出现afew,alittle，而不能用few,little.例：Thereisonlyalittleorangeinthisbottleandthere’reonlyafeworangeshere.alittle与abitalittle与abit都可用于修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级，此时可以互换使用。例：Ifeltalittle/bittiredaftersuchalongjourney.Thisbagisalittle/bitbigger.alittle与abitof用来修饰不可数名词例：Thereisalittle(abitof)waterinthebottle.※notalittle=very“非常/很”notabit=notatall“一点也不”例：Ididn’tfeelalittletiredafterclimbingthemountain.(爬山后我感到很累)Iwasn’tabittiredafterclimbingthemountain.(爬山后我感到一点也不累)alittlebit“一点点”，表微弱的程度，用以修饰形容词或副词例：Closethewindow,please.Ifeelalittlebitcold.alittlebitof“一点点的---”，表少的程度，用以修饰不可数名词。例：Thereisalittlebitofraininthisarea.8.aswell,aswellas与notonly---butalso---aswell“同样；也”(=too)Hecandance,hecanplaythepianoaswell.aswellas“既------又------，不仅------而且------”（强调前者） I’mlearningFrenchaswellasEnglish.(我学英语之外还学法语；强调前者French)notonly---butalso---“不仅------而且------”（强调后者）I’mlearningnotonlyEnglishbutalsoFrench.(我学英语而且学法语；强调后者French)9.getsth.ready与getreadyforsth.getsth.ready“把某事物准备好”；getreadyforsth.“为某事做好准备”。Haveyougotyourhomeworkready?(你准备好你的家庭作业了吗？)Haveyougotreadyfortheexamination?(你为考试做好准备了吗？)10.belike与looklikebelike用于表示某人的性格、品质、特征等综合性概括。-Whatisyourfriendlike?-Sheiskind,cleverandhard-working.looklike用于表某人的外部特征。-Whatdoesyourfriendlooklike?–Sheisbeautiful,likeamoviestar.11.besure的用法①besure＋of／about+(doing)sth.，意为“确信……”；“对……有把握”。但在接名词时，besureof侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑；而besureabout则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。例：1.Heissureofsuccess．I"msureofhishonesty.2.However，hewentontoexplainthathewasnotsureabouttwothings—thegrammarandsomeoftheidioms(习惯用语).Ifyouarenotsureaboutthesituation(形势)intheworld，youcanreadthenewspapereveryday．若后面要接反身代词，则只能用besureof，即besureofoneself，意为“有自信心”。例：Joanwilltakepartinanimportantexamnextweek，butsheisnotsureofherself．②besure+不定式，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断，认为句子主语“必定”、“必然会”、“准会”如何如何。例：Itissuretorain.Heissuretohaveknownaboutthat.HetoldmeIwassuretogetawarmwelcome.然而besuretodo用在祈使句中，不是表示判断，而是表示对对方的要求，意为“务必要”，“一定要”。例：Besuretosendmyregardstoyourmother．Besurenottodothatagain．③besure+宾语从句，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断，意为“确信某事一定会……”。例：I"mnotsurewhetherI"vemethimbefore.Wearesure(that)hewillmakegreatprogressthisterm.三．重点句式：1.Theseshoesfeeltight.Itfeelsverysoftandcomfortable.(系表结构) Thefishsouptastessalty.Ittastestoostrong.Itdoesn’tsmellfresh.Youbothlookverysmart.Yousoundgreatfun,andIcan’twaittomeetyou.Yousoundjustlikeme.2.What’sthematter?=What’swrong(withsb.)?=What’sup?=Whathappened?3.Whatdoesshelooklike?(=Howdoesshelook?)与Whatisshelike?4.Let’shavealook(atsth.).5.She’stallwithlonghair.6.Thanks(alot)foryourlastmessage.Thanksfortellingmeaboutwhatyoulikedoing.7.Ican’twaittomeetyou.(迫不及待的想做某事)8.IhopeyouwillrecognizemefrommyphotowhenIarriveattheairport.9.I’mquitetall,withshortfairhair,andIwearglasses.(介词短语用于表特征)10.YouaskedmehowIfeelaboutcomingtoChina.11.I’malwayssorrywhenIdodosomethingwrong.12.I’mafraidofflying.13.I’mveryexcitedaboutcomingtoChina.14.It’showyoulook,whatyoulooklikeandwhatyoudo.15.WatchpeopleonfilmsastheytalktoothersinEnglish.16.I’dliketomeethim.Whydon’twegooutsomewheretogether?17.Andwe’recomingbackheretohavesomethingtoeat.(不定式作定语)18.Itwasgreattohearfromyou.(不定式作主语)19.Ienjoysportsaswell(=too).20.I’mveryproudofhim.21.Iftheymeetsomefriendsonthestreetwhilethey’rewithsomeoneelse,it’spoliteto---.四．语法点滴：(复习)1.表感觉和知觉的系动词的用法A.概念：感官动词就是指那些反映人的器官感觉的动词，包括：feel(感觉/摸上去),look(看上去),seem(似乎),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。B.感官动词的用法：1).感官动词常用物作主语，也可用人作主语；后面常接名词、形容词作表语，表“主语(摸、看、闻、尝、听)起来------”(主语和动词之间常呈被动关系)例：a.Silkfeelssoft.Shefeltverysadatthisnews.b.Thecartooncharacterlookscute.c.Theflowerssmellverynice.d.Theicecreamtastesbad.e.Themusicsoundswonderful.2).感官动词后面也可接“介词like+名词”作表语，表示“主语(摸、看、闻、尝、听)起来像------”)例：a.Helookslikeasoldier.b.Theairsmellslikegas(煤气).c.Herskinfeelslikesilk.d.Thefoodtasteslikechicken.3).感官动词(be除外)的动词变化要用助动词。例：a.Youdon’tlookworried.b.Doessilkfeelsoft?c.Whydoyousoundlikeanexpert?Youknownothingaboutit. 2.课堂笔记(P164页)五．常识：人物描述Module8Aroundtown一．词语链接：1.left–right(反义词)2.revolutionn.–revolutionaryadj.3.memoryn./v.–memorialadj.4.religionn.–religiousadj.5.paintv.–paintingn.drawv.-drawingn..turnv.-turningn.6.clearadj.-clearlyadv.7.tourn.-touristn.(人)8.opposite(英式)=acrossfrom(美式)prep.介词“在------对面”Thebankisoppositethesupermarket.adj.形容词“对面的”Thebankisontheopposite/othersideofthestreet.adv.副词“在对面”Hestoodopposite.Isatoppositetohim.(后常用to)n.名词“反义词、对立面”Whatistheoppositeofwhite?9.above,on&overabove表示“在------（离开表面的）上方”；反义词below。Thereisapictureabovethedesk.on指位置在某一平面上（包括向上、下以及侧面的表面），或者在某一条线上或线旁。表示“在------上面”；反义词under/beneath。Don’tputyourschoolbagonthefloor.Putitonyourdesk.over指离开表面的垂直上方，表示“在-------上方、上面”；反义词under。Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Theplaneflewoverthefarm.说明：over和above区别：over指“在------上方(垂直方向)”；above则表示“在------的上方(不一定是垂直方向)”。10.between与amongbetween一般表示在两者之间；或者用来指在三者或多者之间一方与其他诸方各自每两者之间的关系。常以between---and---短语形式出现。Thereisabridgebetweenthetwovillages.IsitbetweenLiLeiandJim.Weshouldbuildfriendshipbetweencountries(各国之间).among往往强调在多者中(同类人或事物)，常与复数或集体名词连用，有时相当于of。Heisthestrongestplayersamongus.Iliveamongthemountains.Amongtheblindtheone-eyedmanisking.11.as,when与whileas:A.“当------时候”，(=when)Asshewaswalkinginthepark,sheheardacryforhelp.B.“一边------，一边-----”表同步发生或进行。Thegirlsdancedastheysang.Theytalkedastheywalked.when“当------时候”，引导时间状语从句时，即可指“时间点”也可指“时间段”，相应的从句中谓语动词须为“终止性的”或“持续性的”。IwaswatchingTVwhenhecameintomyhouse.(终止性动词)IfelldownontheicewhenIwasskatingquickly.(持续性动词)(when=while)注意：when可用于主句动作正在进行的过程中(进行时)，从句动作突然发生(一般时)。 Iwaswalkingintheparkwhenitbegantorain,Igotwetsoon.(when=justatthatmoment)while“当------时候”，只指“时间段”，不指“时间点”，(while=duringthetime---)从句中只能用持续性动词。SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhileIwascooking.(while=when)IreadthenewspaperwhileIwaitedforthebus/whilewaitingforthebus.提示：用while的句子同样都可以用when；而用when的句子不一定都可以用while.12.journey,travel,tour与trip的区别journey常指陆上旅行，距离远、时间长，不一定返回出发地，即使返回也很长时间；具体/抽象都可以(指长途跋涉)例：1.howlongisyourjourneytowork?2.HeismakingajourneytoEurope.travel旅行(过程/动作),(复数）指时间稍长的到居住地以外的地方的短暂旅行，往往指乘坐飞机的旅行各处旅行，且未必返回出发地；尤其指出国旅游，常常与所有格的形容词连用。例：Shespentmostofhertimetravellingabroad;shehasgoneoffonhertravelsagain.tour旅游/比赛(到各个地方),指为游玩而到几个地方观光的（长途或短途）旅行指一路上到许多不同的地方观光游览，路线很可能曲折，有周游列国或周游各地之意，最后返回原出发地。例：HemadeatouroftheUnitedStates.(tour后不用to，而用of)trip指短期/途的旅程和观光，而且该旅行最后返回出发地(如往返roundtrip).例：DuringourholidayinJapanwewentonafewtrips.二．短语：1.theForbiddenCity______2.Tian’anmenSquare_______3.theGreatHallofthePeople_____________4.theMuseumofChineseHistory___________5.theMuseumofChineseRevolution___________6.theChairmanMaoMemorialHall___________7.theHousesofParliament_____________8.swimmingpool_______9.askfordirections___________–givedirections___________10.showsb.sth._________11.getto_______12.go(straight)ahead____________13.onone’sright/ontherightof---_____________14.beopposite---__________15.between---and---__________16.goacross---(=cross)________,goalong---_______/goup/down---________17.turnleft/rightinto---___________18.dosomeshopping__________19.inthemiddleof---___________20.mostof---__________21.gopast/by---_________22.aplacetostart/finish_________23.goforawalk_________24.get/buysomethingtoeat_____________25.learnabout---__________26.one---theother表示两者中的“一个------，另一个------”Hehastwodaughters.OneisLily,andtheotherisLucy. Thebankisononesideofthestreet,andthebusstopisontheotherside.27.thewayto+地点名词“去某地的路”；如果表地点的词是副词home,here,there时，不用介词to.Helosthiskeyonthewayhome.TheexplorerisonitswaytoMars.表“做某事的方式、办法”，可用awaytodosth.(不定式作定语)Weshouldfindthebestwaytosolvethisproblem.28.kindof本模块表“有一点，有几分”，常用于口语。a.用于修饰形容词Ifeelkindofcold.Heiskindofsmart.b.用于修饰动词Shekindofhopeshewillcome.c.表“种类”，Cellphoneisakindofhi-techproduct.Itischangingourwayoflife.29.on/atthecorner与inthecorneronthecorner“在转角处”，美式英语的用法。atthecorner，英式英语的用法。表示在某一地方或建筑物外面的转角处(外角)，用at/onthecornerof---结构。Theshopisat/onthecorner.Wemeetat/onthecornerofFifthStreet.inthecorner(of)指在某一地方或某建筑物内的转角处/角落里(内角)。Martinissittingatatableinthefarcorner.Shewenttothetelephoneinthecorneroftheroom.30.geton/off+宾语(介词)Theoldmangoton/offthebusslowly.(宾语须放在geton/off后面，on/off是介词)geton/off(副词)Thebushasarrived,let’sgeton.Theboyhasn’tgotoffyet.(没有宾语，on/off是副词)三．重点句式：1.Here’sTian’anmenSquare.OntheleftistheGreatHallofthePeople.(倒装句)OntheothersideoftheriverNevaisStPeter’sChurch.2.Gostraightahead.It’soppositeTian’anmenSquare.3.It’sbetweentheGreatHallofthePeopleandthemuseums.4.It’skindof(=alittle/bit)quiet.5.Goacrossthesquare.YoucanwalkacrosstheriveroverTrinityBridge.6.Canyoutellmethewaytothepark?7.Howdo/canIgettotheForbiddenCity?8.OppositeistheNationalGallery,amuseumwithlotsoffamouspaintings.(表特征)9.GoalongtheredstreettoBuckinghamPalace.10.Ittakesyou135metresabovetheRiverThames.11.YoucanseemostofLondononaclearday.12.ThebestwaytoseeLondonisbyboat.(不定式作定语)13.As(=when)yougoalongtheriver,theLondonEyeisonyourright.14.GetofftheboatatTowerBridge.15.Taketheboatbackalongtheriver.16.Youarenowbackwhereyoustarted.(where从句作宾语) 17.Astoreiswhereyougoshopping.(where从句作表语)18.Takethebridgeacrosstheriver.四．语法点滴：方位表达方式(即介词或介词短语的用法)(参考P174页)五．常识：问路方式和指引方式1.问路方式：Excuseme.Where’sthehotel?Excuseme.Can/Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?Excuseme.Can/Couldyoutellmethewaytothestation,please?Excuseme.WhichisthewaytotheBankofChina?Excuseme.WhichbusgoestoWorldPark?Excuseme.HowcanIgettoNo.4MiddleSchool?2.指引方式：It’soverthere.Gostraightahead.It’sabout400metresfromhere.Godown/up/alongthisstreetuntilyouseethattallredbuilding.Turnright/leftatthefirstcrossing/turning.=Takethefirstturningontheright/left.Turnright/leftinto------.=Makearight/leftturnandgointo------.Youcan’tmissit.YoucantakethebusNo.103.You’dbettertakeataxi.Or:Sorry.Idon’tknow.I’mastrangerhereModule9Animalsindanger一．词语链接：1.danger–dangerous,difficulty–difficult,dirt-dirtyn.→adj.2.protect-protection;kill-killing;pollute-pollution;design-designer;v.-n.3.surprisen./v.–surprising(事物)/surprised(人)adj.4.danger-safety,dangerous-safe;hard=difficult–easy,dirty-clean(反义词)5.absolute-absolutely;main-mainly;adj.-adv.6.awfness-awful-awfully;peace-peaceful-peacefully;nature–natural-naturally,n.-adj.-adv.7.feed–fed–fed8.reason,cause与excusereason指的是逻辑推理上导出的原因，或者是用以说明某事产生的根由。其后常接for,that引导的从句或to引导的动词不定式。Pleasetellmethereasonforsayinglikethis.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouwerelateagain?Thereisnoreasonforustoquarrelwithothers.Wehavenoreasontostophimfromdoingthat.cause指的是导致某种结果的客观事实“原因”，这种事实通常是客观的、自然的，而不是主观上的，其后常接of短语。What’sthecauseofhissickness?Theheavyrainwasthecauseoftheflood. excuse指对某种行为所作的解释，“辩解；借口”或真实或托辞。Heisalwaysmakingexcusesforbeinglate.9.need的用法Sb.needtodosth.“(某人)需要做某事”It’scoldtoday.Youneedtowearwarmclothes.Sth.needdoing“(某事物)需要(被)作--”(主动形式表示被动意思=sth.needtobedone)Thispairofshoesneedsmendingatonce.=Thispairofshoesneedstobemendedatonce.need+宾语+宾语补足语Ineedthistoothout.IneedyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.10.stop的用法stopsb./sth.阻止某人或某事Wemustfindawaytostophim.Payingafine(罚款)canhelpstopthelittering.stopsb./sth.(from)doingsth.阻止------以免（防止）某人/事做某事/发生Shestoppedhim(from)smokingintheoffice.※stop/prevent---fromdoingsth.(阻/防止------做某事)from可用可省。可是：keepsb.fromdoingsth.(阻止某人做某事)结构中from不可省略。Pleasekeepthechildrenfromswimmingintheriver.11.enough的用法enoughn.宾语Hehashadenough,hedoesn’twantanything.enoughadj.作定语修饰名词时，通常放在名词前面。HaveyougotenoughmoneyfortheseCDs?enoughadv.作状语修饰形容词或副词时，放在后面。Thehotelisbigenoughtohold80people.Hedoesn’trunfastenoughtocatchupwiththeothers.12.protectvt.的用法Thefenceistoprotectthefarmer’scattle(牛群).protectsb./sth.fromdoingsth.防御、保护------，使------不受(伤害)Heraisedhisarmstoprotecthisstudentsfromhurtingintheterribleearthquake.protectsb./sth.from/againststh.保护某人或某物不受……的伤害ThePLAmenprotectedthepeoplefrom/againsttheheavysnowstorm.13.special与especialspecial 指所描述的或者修饰的事物在一般场合具有与众不同的性质、特性、个性或者用途，并表示它所修饰的事物是为特定目的而设立，且限定在一定范围或用途special 常修饰下列名词：occasion，case，purpose，example, attention, mention, test, way This is a special soap for dry skin . This is my father"s special chair , no one else may  sit in it .There is a special repair shop on the other side of the street . especial 强调超出一般的程度。   This is an especial meeting for me .   You must pay especial attention to this question .specially与especiallyspecially副词，“专门地、特地”，表“不为了别的，而只是为了……”，强调唯一目的。Hecameherespeciallytosaysorrytoher.Hereturnedtoherhometownspeciallytoseehersickmotherespecially副词，“尤其、特别”，通常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充。It"sespeciallyhottoday.[表示与前几天天气很不一样，不用specially]Helikesallsubjects,especiallyEnglish.[表示喜欢英语的程度很多，不用specially]14.provide1).providesth.供应某物Thathotelprovidesgoodmeals.2).providesb.withsth.=providesth,forsb.向某人提供某物Theyprovidedthepoorwithsomenecessarysupport.=Theyprovidedsomenecessarysupportforthepoor.3).provideforsb./sth.为------提供------；养活------Heprovidedforhisfamilybysellingnewspaper.15.well-known的比较等级well-known-morewell-known-mostwell-knownwell-known-better-known-bestknown二．短语：1.naturereserve_______2.forexample_____3.alongwaytogo______4.makesure_____5.one---,theother---________6.practise(doing)sth._______7.haveatripto---________8.endangeredanimals_______9.beusedtodosth._________10.doresearchinto---______11.indanger______-inpeace______12.thinkaboutsth.________13.onearth________14.findout_____15.too---todosth._______16.anexampleof______17.wouldliketodo_______18.liveon______19.lessandless________20.suchas______21.stopsb.(from)doingsth._____22.providesth.forsb._______=providesb.withsth._________23.keep+sth.+adj.(宾语补足语)Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleaneveryday. 24.liveon(doing)sth.(以------为食/靠------为生)PeoplefromSouthChinamainlyliveonrice.Theoldmanlivesonsellingoldthings.feedon(以------为食/给-------喂/吃------)Babiesfeedonmilk.Shefeedsthecatonfish.25.lookfor,find与findoutlookfor“寻找(物)”表动作Iamlookingformylostdog.find“找到/发现(物)”表结果Ilookedformycateverywhere,butIcouldn’tfindit.Ifinditalittledifficulttorememberthetext.findout查明/弄清楚(某事)Couldyouhelpmefindoutwhenthetrainleaves?26.lessandless(越来越少，不可数)–fewerandfewer(越开越少，可数复数)–moreandmore(越来越多，可数+不可数)27.indanger–outofdanger/freefromdanger/innodanger(反义)“in+抽象名词”，作方式状语。inpeace/silence/surpriseindangerof(doing)sth.处于------的危险境地Somerarewildanimalsareindangerofdyingout(灭绝).28.takeaway与宾语的位置关系宾语如为名词，可位于短语后面或中间Hehastakenawayhisownbook.Haveyoutakenyourbookaway?宾语如为代词，必放在短语中间ThisisLiLei’sbook,heforgottotakeitaway.29.atlast(最终结局)=intheend(强调顺序)=finally；lookafter---(well)=take(good)careof30.thesymbolfor---(代表)与thesymbolof---(所属)：------的象征31.suchas---与forexample---suchas用于列举同一类人或事物中的几个例子，但不是全部；后跟所列的名词、代词或v-ing形式，常可与like互换。suchas也可分开使用（不可与like互换）。1.Ilovelotsofballgamessuchasbasketball,footballandvolleyball.（suchas=like）2.Someoutdoorsports,suchasswimming,hikingandroller-skatingarehisfavouriteones.3.MybrothhasseensuchfilmsasTitanicandPearlHarbor.forexample也用于列举，通常举出同一类人或事物中的一个具体内容的例子；作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首句中或句尾。Noise,forexample,isakindofpollution.20.aswell与tooaswell“也；又”，常用于肯定句和疑问句的句尾作状语。Sheisasinger,andanactressaswell.Aretheycomingaswell?21.aswellas与notonly---butalso---aswellas“既------又------，不仅------而且------”（强调前者）I’mlearningFrenchaswellasEnglish.(我学英语之外还学法语；强调前者French) notonly---butalso---“不仅------而且------”（强调后者）I’mlearningnotonlyEnglishbutalsoFrench.(我学英语而且学法语；强调后者French)22.stopsb.(from)doingsth.(阻止某人做某事)Nothingcouldstopus(from)workingonthisproject.protect---from---“保护、防护-------不受------”from后接名词、代词或动名词（v-ing）作宾语。Sheworeapairofsunglassestoprotecthereyesfromthesun.I’lluseanumbrellatoprotectmyselffromtherain.Wemustprotectpeoplefromcrime.Parentsshouldprotecttheirchildrenfrombeinghurt.三．重点句式：1.Icanwalkalongwaywithoutdrinking.(伴随方式)2.Itmakesmesad.(形容词作宾补)3.Elephantsandwhalesareexamplesofanimalsindanger.4.Thepandaisoneoftheanimalsmostindanger.5.Thereareabout1,000pandaslivinginnaturereserves.(therebe---+doingsth.表主动/进行)Listen!Therearelotsofbirdssinginginthetrees.(therebe---+done表被动/完成)Thereisnothingleftintheroom.6.Thepandasmainlyliveonbamboo.7.Theareaofbambooisbecomingsmallerformanydifferentreasons.(因为；fornoreason,forsomereason)8.Pandasborninthezoosmaygobacktoliveinthenaturereserves.(定语后置；表被动意)9.Thepandaisoneofthebest–knownanimalsintheworld.10.It’sthesymbolfortheWorldWideFundofNature(theWWF).(---的象征；for表目的)Sothepandahasbecomethesymbolofallanimalsindanger.(------的象征；of表范围)11.Mostzoosprotectanimalsanddoresearchintothewayanimalslive,whattheyeat,andwhattheydo.12.Zooscanmakesuretheyhaveenoughbambootoeat.13.ThepandahasbecomeasymbolofChinaaswellasforourgovernment’sworktoprotectanimalsindanger.(不定式作定语)14.Giveanexampleofthecauseoftheproblemandifpossible,showhowseriousitis.15.That’sveryniceofyoutoinviteme.(不定式作原因状语)16.Thatsoundsinteresting.(系表结构)17.Whatonearthcanwedo?(究竟/到底；强调作用)Wouldyouliketofindoutmoreaboutanimalsindanger?18.Theremaybeonly1,300bluewhalesleft. (there+be+sth.left有被剩下的某物；过去分词left表被动)19.Itisalargecamelandtheonlyspeciesintheworldwithtwohumps.(介词短语表特征)20.Therearemanyelephantswhichworkforpeople.(定语从句)21.Weneedtoprotectanimals.(不定式作宾语)Butmanypeopledecidenottothinkaboutit.(不定式的否定式作宾语)Weneedtohelptheanimalsliveinpeace(前者：宾语；后者：宾语补足语)22.Iwassoexcitedtoseethepandas---atlast!(不定式作原因状语)Areyousurprisedtofindoutthatwhalesareindanger?I’msadnottoknowaboutthepanda.(不定式的否定式作原因状语)Alsooftentheirwaterisn’tgoodtodrinkbecausewe’vemadeitdirty.(不定式作状语)Thegovernmentisworkinghardtosavethepandas.(不定式作目的状语)Theyareworkingtomakeabetterlifeforthepanda.Let’sfindoutwhatwecandotosavethem.Whohasmadethewatertoodirtytodrink?(不定式作结果状语)23.Thesurprisingthingwastohearhowmanyanimalsareindanger.(不定式作表语)Thefirstproblemistoknowwhyweneedtoprotectanimals.AnotherimportantthingistokeeptheEarthclean.24.ItwasinterestingtolearnabouttheWolongPandaReserve.(不定式作真正主语)It’ssadtothinkaboutallthoseanimalsindanger.Itjustisn’trighttokillwhalesorelephantsfortheirmeat.Butit’shardtostopthekilling.That’sveryniceofyoutoinviteme.(不定式的复合结构做真正的主语)25.Andmanyanimalshavenoplacetolivein.(动词不定式作定语，后置)Sopandashavelessandlesslandtoliveon.Therearemorethan30naturereservestoprotectpandas.Thepandaswillhaveenoughfoodtoeatandenoughplacestolivein.Wecanprotectanimalsindangerifwegivethemsomewheresafetolive.(不带介词in)Aplantostoppeople(from)killingpandasisnowready.Thereisstillalongwaytogotosavethepanda.(前者：定语；后者：目的状语)26.Theywantpeoplenottokillthepanda.(不定式的否定式作宾语补足语)四．语法点滴：A.动词不定式P175-178作定语P126.7P123.8P128B.课堂笔记P165-166五．常识：善待野生动物，保持生态平衡动词不定式(TheInfinitive)一．概念理解：A.动词不定式是英语中非限定性动词的一种，它不像一般动词那样受主语人称和数的限制，不需要和主语的人称和数保持一致，没有人称和数的变化，所以称为不定式。 B.不定式的基本形式：to+V(动词原形)。to只是不定式的标记或符号，本身无意义，有时可省略。不定式仍有动词特点，可有自己的宾语或状语，有时态和语态的变化。C.不定式除了不能作谓语外，可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语（或主语补足语）、定语或状语等，可以说它具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。D.与汉语不同，英语中两个实意动词一般不能连用。第二个动词常须用不定式的形式，做第一个动词的表语、宾语、宾语补足语或状语。(口语中有的动词可连用，如：helpdosth.，godosth.)E.在由and或or等连接的两个不定式时，第二个不定式前的to一般要省略。二．基本用法：A.主语：不定式作主语时，常用(形式主语)“it”来代替，放在句首，而将(真正的主语)不定式放在后面，以避免有“头重脚轻”的感觉；翻译时不必把“it”译出来(即it有语法意义而无词汇意义)。谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例：1.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.→ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.(主语)(形式主语)(真正主语)2.It’sbettertogivethantoreceive.3.It’sverynicetosayso.※如果要说明不定式所表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式的前面加一个由for或of引起的短语(构成不定式的复合结构)，for/of后面接代词时要接宾格形式。1).使用表客观情况的形容词，如：easy,difficult,hard,important,(im)possible,safe,dangerous,interesting,necessary等词后要接forsb.todosth.的形式(位置可变)。例：It’sdifficultforaforeignertolearnChinese.或Foraforeigner,it’sdifficulttolearnChinese.2).使用表主观感情、态度或评价的形容词，如：good,kind,nice,clever,wise,foolish,right,wrong,careful,brave,(im)polite,strong等词后要接ofsb.todosth.形式(不能移动位置)。例：It’sverynice/kindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=Youareverynice/kindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.★注意：1.句中for/ofsb.todo短语是不定式的逻辑上的主语(代词要用宾格)。2.可移动位置而又不影响表达意义的用forsb.todo结构(例1)；不可移动位置而且人与形容词呈主系表关系的用ofsb.todo结构(例2)。B.表语：(谓语是连系动词)例：1.HisworkistoteachusEnglish.2.Heseemstobeallrightsoon.3.Mywishistobecomeadoctor.C.宾语：不定式常作动词want,hope,wish,expect,like,love,hate,need,try,learn,plan,pretend(假装),deserve(注定),decide,fail,agree,happen(碰巧),prefer,prepare,afford(付得起),help,offer,choose,begin,start,continue,forget,remember,mean,promise,refuse,wait,dare,suggest,wouldlike,makeupone’smind等的宾语。例1.Youneedtoseethedoctoratonce.2.Don’tforgettobringmeyourphoto. ※如果不定式作find,think,feel等动词的宾语而且其后面有宾语补足语时，则要用“it”作形式宾语，不定式后置。例：Hefounditverydifficulttogettosleep.(形式宾语)(真正宾语)D.宾语补足语：在表达时，对句子宾语进行补充说明，表示宾语“是什么”或“怎么样”的部分，称为宾语补足语。(1)作ask,tell,want,wouldlike,love,like,hate,order,allow,think,believe,teach,invite,get,warn,expect,wish,advise,persuade(但是hope和suggest不行)等的宾语补足语时，不定式带to。例：1.Mr.Litoldmetowritetohimassoonaspossible.2.Heasksmenottobelateagain.(2).作使役动词let,make,have或感官动词see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,find,hear,listento,feel,suggest等的宾语补足语时，不定式常省略to。例：1.Letthemgoandaskourteacher.2.Hiswordsmadeuslaugh.3.Didyouseehimleavethehouse?※注意：上述动词在变为被动语态时，原来作宾语补足语的不定式转变为主语补足语，通常不定式符号to要还原(let除外)。例：Weheardthemsinginthenextroom.→Theywereheardtosinginthenextroom.(3).help后作宾语补足语的不定式可带to也可省略to。例：Couldyouhelpme(to)mendthisbike?★感官动词接不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：接不定式表示已经发生的动作，即表示从开始到结束的动作的全过程(或表示对事实的陈述)；而接现在分词表示动作处于进行过程中，即表示正在发生或持续性的动作(或强调描写)。例：IsawKatecomeintotheclassroom.(我看见Kate进了教室；动作已经结束)IsawKatecomingintotheclassroom.(我看见Kate正在进教室；动作正在进行)E.定语：不定式作定语时，须放在所被修饰的名词或代词的后面。(1)不定式常与被修饰的词存在着动宾关系，如果不定式属于不及物动词，其后面要加上相应的介词或副词，以保持意义和短语的完整(形成相应的动宾或介宾关系)。※检验方法：将所修饰的名词或代词后移，看不定式是否与之形成完整的动宾关系；如不能形成动宾关系，动词就是不及物动词，须加相应的介词或副词与宾语形成相应的动宾或介宾关系。例：1.Haveyougotanythingcoldtodrink?2.Theyhavenohousetolivein.3.Iwantfivepiecesofpapertowriteon.4.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.5.Ineedapentowritewith.6.Iwantaseattositon.7.Ihavefivechildrentolookafter..8.Hehasnoradiotolistento.9.Shehasnothingtoshowoff.10.Ihave200wordstowritedown.●注意：如果不定式修饰的是time,place或way时，不定式后面习惯上要省略介词。例：1.Mygrandmahadnoplacetolive(in)beforeliberation(解放).2.Hehasnotimetothink.(time作think的时间状语)3.Wehavedifferentwaystosolvethisproblem.(way作solve的方式状语) (2).如果句子主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式用主动式；如果句子主语是不定式的逻辑宾语(或逻辑主语不明的情况下)，不定式则常用被动式。例：1.Ihavequitealotofhomeworktodo.2.Thereisalotofhomeworktobedone.※但是如果therebe结构中的主语是something,nothing等不定代词，用主动或被动形式的动词不定式来修饰，意思有区别：例：Thereisnothingtosee.(没什么可看的)Thereisnothingtobeseen.(什么也看不见)F.状语：不定式有时起副词的作用，修饰动词或形容词，在句中作状语，表示目的、原因或结果等。通常放在句尾，强调时可放在句首。例：1.ShewenttoseehergrandmalastSunday.(目的状语)2.I’msorrytotroubleyou.(原因状语)3.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.(结果状语)=Heistooyoungaboytogotoschool./Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.4.Hehurriedtoschool,onlytofinditwasSunday.(结果状语)5.Tobeslim,thegirlgoesonadiet.(目的状语)●注意：Heistooexcitedtoseehisoldfriends.(原因状语)(too后如为表情绪的形容词，此时too=very/so，后面的不定式不表示否定意义)不定式除了不能作谓语外，可以作句子中的其它任何成份。作什么，看它在句子中的位置和作用。在主谓宾（名词）后，可能是1.补语：asksb.todosth.2.定语:Ihavesth.todo.（=Ihavesth.that Ihavetodo.)3.状语：a.目的：Weplanted  treestomakeourcampusmorebeautiful.(可改为inorderto...并放句首）  b.结果（意外的，only后）Wehurriedthereonlytofindthetrainhadleft。※2与3a形似，判断方法：用定语从句或inorderto...去理解、改写句子。只有做某事才会有“目的”，一个人havesth.，就是拥有了这件东西或有事，没有什么目的意图的。同理，needsth.就是需要某物，是事实，不是动作，没有目的。三．不定式与疑问词的连用：不定式与疑问词的连用，构成不定式短语，相当于一个名词，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语或作宾语补足语等相应的成分，起的作用相当于一个相应的从句。例：1.Idon’tknowwhattodo.(宾语)=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.2.Howtouseitisunknown.(主语)=It’sunknownhowtouseit.3.Thequestioniswheretoholdthesportsmeeting.(表语)4.Canyoutellmehowtodoit?(宾语)四．不定式的否定形式(not+todo)：例：1.Hetoldmenottobelateagainnexttime.(带to的不定式在to前加not)2.Hemadethebabynotcryanymore.(不带to的不定式在动词原形前加not)五．不定式的时态和语态： 1.不定式的一般式的动作与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生：例：HehopedtovisitChinaagaininthenearfuture.2.不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前：例：Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.3.不定式的进行式强调与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生：例：IthappenedtoberainingwhenIgottoBeijing.4.不定式的被动语态表示不定式的动作与它的逻辑主语之间是被动关系：例：Iamgladtobeaskedtospeakhere.五．不定式的特殊句型：1.would/shouldlike/lovetodo---(愿意做某事)例：Wouldyouliketohaveacupofteaoracupofcoffee?2.Whynot+do---?(为什么不做某事呢？<表提建议>)例：WhynotgototheGreatWallthen?3.hadbetter(not)+do---(最好<不>做------)例：You’dbettergoandhaveagoodrest.4.haveto+do---(不得不做某事)例：Jimhastogobackhomenow.5.Will/Wouldyouplease(not)+do---?(请你<不要>做某事好吗?)例：Willyoupleasecometomyhomethisafternoon?6.wouldrather+do+than+do---.(宁愿---而不)例：LiuHulanwouldratherdiethangivein(屈服).7.prefer+todoA+ratherthan+doB(宁愿做A而也不做B)例：Hepreferstogotoworkbybikeratherthantakearideinabus.8.donothing/anythingbut/except+do---(除做------外而做------)※do作谓语时，but后省略to。例：Thismandidnothingbutsittheresilently.Thismandidn’tmakeanykitesbuttobuysomepaper.9.It’stime(forsb.)todosth.=It’stimeforsth.(是该做------的时侯了)例：It’stime(forus)tohavesupper.=It’stimeforsupper.10.Thereisnotimeleft(forsb.)todosth.(对于某人而言没有时间做某事了)例：Thereisnotimeleft(forme)tothinkmoreaboutit.11.It+take+sb.+sometime/money+todosth.(某人花费时间/金钱做某事)例：IttakesmehalfanhourtoreadEnglisheveryday.12.形容词/副词+enough+todosth.(足够------做某事)例：Thechildisnotoldenoughtodressitself.Hegotupearlyenoughtocatchtheearlybus.13.too+形容词/副词+todosth.(太------而不能做某事)例：Themanwastooexcitedtospeak.too+形容词/副词+nottodosth.(在------之下难免会------)例：Heistooangrynottosaythat.注意：too---todo往往可与not---enoughtodo互换Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool.=Thechildisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.14.bereadytodosth.(乐意做某事) 例：Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.15.It+be+形容词+forsb.todosth.(对某人来说做------很------)例：Itisveryimportantforustohaveagoodknowledgeofinternationaltrade.16.beafraidtodosth.(害怕而不敢做某事)例：Thegirlisafraidtogooutaloneatnight.六．不定式的省略形式：根据已经了解的句意或为了避免上下文重复，不定式在一定的情况下可采用省略形式，但to不能省略。例：1.–Willyoujoinusinthegame?-Yes,I’llbegladto.2.–Wouldyouliketohavesupperwithus?-I’dloveto/Iprefernotto.3.–Usedhetoworkinthefactory?-Yes,heusedto.七．特殊情况：1.goondoingsth.继续做(同一件)事情V-ing动名词→宾语(=goonwithsth.)例：Jackgotupquicklyandwentonrunning.goontodosth.(某件事做完后)接着做另一件事不定式→目的状语例：Afterlisteningtothemusic,hewentontowritethewords.goonwithsth.中间有暂停情况(接名/代词)，常与goondoingsth.互换例：Let’sgoonwithourstudy.2.stopdoingsth.停止做某事(=notdosth.)V-ing动名词→宾语例：Theystoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.stoptodosth.停下(某事)去做另一件事(=begin/starttodosth.)不定式→目的状语例：Theyweretired,sotheystoppedtohavearest.3.trydoingsth.尝试做某事V-ing动名词→宾语例：Hetriedsingingthissong,buthefailed.trytodosth.努力/设法做某事不定式→宾语/目的状语例：Wearetryingtofinishourworkontime.4.forgetdoingsth.忘了(已做过的)某事V-ing动名词→宾语(做了)例：Iforgotsendinghimapostcard.forgettodosth.忘记(应该做的)某事不定式→宾语(未做)例：Iforgottosendhimapostcard.5.rememberdoingsth.记得(已做过的)某事V-ing动名词→宾语(做了)例：Iremembersendinghimapostcard.remembertodosth.记着(应该做的)某事不定式→宾语(未做)例：Iremembertosendhimapostcard.6.begin/start/continuedoingsth.与begin/start/continuetodosth.基本一致7.like/love/hate/dislikedoingsth.常表示习惯或经常性的动作例：Ilikeswimminginsummer.like/love/hate/disliketodosth.常表示一次具体的动作例：Hehatestostayinthezootoday.8.want/need+doing主语为事物，与doing是被动关系(=want/needtobedone)例：Thisbikeneedsrepairing.=Thisbikeneedstoberepaired.want/need+todosth.主语是人或其他动物，与todo是主动关系例：Theyneedtowearwarmclothes. 9.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.=preferdoingsth.todoingsth.(喜欢做前者而不喜欢做后者)IprefertolearnEnglishratherthanplaythepianoonSunday.=IpreferlearningEnglishtoplayingthepianoonSunday.=IlikelearningEnglishbetterthanplayingthepianoonSunday.Module10LaoShe’sTeahouse一．词语链接：1.main–mainly,special-speciallyadj.-adv.2.interestn./v.–interesting/interestedadj.3.possible–impossible,full-empty(adj.),fill-empty(v.),agree-disagree,start–end(v.)(反义/否定)4.waiter(男)–waitress(女)5.enjoyn.–enjoyableadj.6.agree-agreement,enjoy-enjoyment,perform–performancev.-n.7.possible-possibly,special-speciallyadj.-adv.8.nearly和almost的区别1)almost和nearly既有相同处，也有不同点。在单纯表示"时间、程度、进度"时，almost=nearly例：Thebuildingisalmostcompleted.Thebuildingisnearlycompleted.　第一句比第二句更接近于完成。2)在具体数字前面常用nearly例：Theriverisnearly100metreswide.Theoldmanisnearly80yearsold.3)almost可与no,nothing,none,never等连用，此时不能用nearly代替。例：Almostnoonebelievedhim.There"salmostnoneleft.Whathesaidwasalmostnothingworthlisteningto.4)almost不可被not修饰，如不说notalmost或almostnot。表示“几乎不”，可以用hardly。例：HecouldhardlyspeakEnglish.9.offer的用法(提出，提供；指“主动愿意做某事”)a.offersth.“提供某物”Annofferedagoodsuggestion.b.offersb.sth.“向某人提供某物”(可带双宾语)=offersth.tosb.Theneighboursofferedussomefood.=Theneighboursofferedsomefoodtous.c.offertodosth.“主动提出做某事”Iofferedtohelp,butherefused.10.agree的用法a.agreetodosth.“同意做某事”Heagreedtogoshoppingwithus.b.agreewith“同意(某人的意见、看法等)”后面常跟表示人的名词、代词，或表示意见、看法等的名词或从句。Iquiteagreewithyou.Doessheagreewithyouridea? Shedoesn’tagreewithwhatyousay.c.agreeto“同意(某项计划、安排等)”，to是介词。Thebosshasagreedtomyproposal(提议).Doyouagreetothat?d.agreeon“同意（双方的商定或约定）”，on后面接双方商定或约定的事情。Thetwosideshaveagreedonathree-weekcease-fire(停火).11.audience(集体名词)的用法a.“观众，听众，读者，受众”。Theaudienceatthepopconcertwereallyoungpeople.Thatbookhasalargeaudience.b.作主语时，如果看作整体，视为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；如果看作许多个体，视为复数，谓语动词用复数形式；有时两种形式都可以用。Itwaslate,buttheaudiencewasincreasing.(集体)Theaudiencearedressedindifferentways.(个体)Theaudiencewas/wereveryexcitedbytheshow.c.audience表示数量时，可用于两种结构：①anaudienceof+数词+名词复数Thetalkshowhasanaudienceof7millionTVviewers(观众).②audiencesof+数词+名词复数Audiencesofabout2billionpeoplearewatchingFIFAWorldCup.12.happen与takeplace的用法二者都是不及物性质的动词或短语，只能用主动语态，而没有被动语态。happen用事物作主语，表示偶然发生之意。涉及动作的宾语前要加介词to.Theaccidenthappenedatnight.Ifanythinghappenstoyourcomputer,pleaseletusknow.takeplace用事物作主语，表示事情发生不是偶然的，而是按意图、计划进行的之意。TheGulfWar(海湾战争)tookplacein1991.The2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.提示:1).sb.+happen+todosth.表示某人碰巧做某事Ihappenedtobeattheairportwhenhearrived.DoyouhappentoknowherQQnumber?2).Ithappens/happenedthat---.Ithappenedthatthefamousactorwasherclassmate.=Thefamousactorhappenedtobeherclassmate.13.win,beat与lose,loseto的用法(1)beat“战胜。赢得，打败”，与win是同义词，但在用法上有所不同。beat后面的宾语是人或比赛对手，而win后面的宾语是比赛、竞赛项目或战争等的名词。   ①Ourfootballteambeattheirsyesterday.②Theyaresuretobeatusinthematch．③Whodoyouthinkcanwinthevolleyballmatchintheend?④WangMingwonthe400-metreraceatthesportsmeeting．(2)beat与win的反义词是lose。常用的结构是lose+比赛或lose(sth)tosb.(人或队伍)   ①Welosttoawomenvolleyballteam.   ②Ourteamhasneverlostamatch． (3)此外，beat还有“(心脏)跳动”“打、敲”的意思。   ①Hisheartisbeatinghard．   ②Hebeatthethiefblackandblue．   ③Therainbeatagainstthewindows．二．短语：1.offer(agree,want,try,plan,decide,hope,learn,wouldlike)todosth._____________(不定式作宾语)2.wouldlikesb.todosth.______,letsb.dosth._______(不定式作宾补)2.showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb._____________(双宾语)tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.teachsb.sth.=teachsth.tosb.sellsb.sth.=sellsth.tosb.givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.bring/takesb./sth.=bring/takesth.tosb.introducesb.sth.=introducesth.tosb.3.haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself/havefun__________4.havenoidea_____________5.almostimpossible________6.takesb.tosomeplace__________与takesb.sth.home/there__________7.theQingDynasty__________8.theAnti–JapaneseWar________9.BeijingOpera______10.folkmusic_______11.magicshow_________12.theSoundofMusic_______13.theendof---________14.attheend(of)________15.intheend=aslast/finally_______15.givesb.awelcome________16.saygoodbyetosb.________17.fallinlovewithsb._________18.(be)fullof---___________与fill---with---________,befilledwith_____________(be)fullof“某容器装满某物”主语为容器物，表示的是一种状态。Ihaveabagfullofcartoons.(形容词短语作后置定语)Thebagisfullofsweets.(=Thebagisfilledwithsweets)Hereyesarefulloftears.fillsth.(a.)withsth.(b.)“用某物装满某容器物”主语是人，表示的是一种动作。被动结构是sth.(b.)befilledwithsth.(a.)=sth.(b.)befullofsth.(a.)Wefilledthebagwithsweets.(主动语态)→Thebagwasfilledwithsweets.(被动语态)=Thebagwasfullofsweets.19.befamousfor_______,befamousas________与befamousto_________befamousfor“因------而闻名”，for表原因。Heisfamousforhiskindness(善良).=Heisfamousforbeingkindtoothers.befamousas“作为------而闻名”，as后接表身份的名词。Heisfamousasawriter,andheisfamousforhissciencefictions(科幻小说).befamousto“对于------来说闻名”to后接受众/对象。 Theoldscientistisfamoustousall,wealllikegoingtohislessons.20.asone’sknow___________(as，代词，代替前/后面提到的情况)Asyouknow,Ihatesnakes.(as代替后面的整个主句，同时作know的宾语)21.see/look+sb./sth.+as+名词____________________PeopleseeYangLiweiasahero.22.marrysb.__________与getmarriedtosb._________;bemarriedtosb.___________marry“娶；嫁；结婚”，及物动词，后面直接接宾语marrysb.。JimmarriedLilythreeyearsago.Willyoumarryhim,whetherrichorpoor?getmarriedtosb.“和某人结婚”，表动作。JimhasgotmarriedtoLily.bemarriedtosb.“和某人结婚”，表状态，可与表时间段的状语连用。JimhasbeenmarriedtoLilyforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.23.attheend_______,attheendof________,bytheendof________与intheend_______①attheend“在结束时”(指时间点)；“在尽头/终点”(指地点)。对应短语atthebeginning(指时间)Themoviewasverymoving.Attheend,alltheaudiencecouldn’thelpcrying.Atthebeginning,hedidn’tbelievetheman.②attheendof---“在------的结尾/束时”(指时间点)；“在------尽头/终点”(指地点)。对应短语atthebeginningof(指时间)Attheendofthemeeting,Johncameupandintroducedhimselftoothers.Theyfoundthelostdogattheendofthestreet.Atthebeginningoftheterm,studentsgotoschoolandattheendofthetermtheyleaveschoolforvacation(离校放假).③bytheendof“到------末为止”(指时间延续的终点)Theywillfinishthisbuildingbytheendofthismonth.(一般将来时)Hesaidthattheyhadplanted5,000treesbytheendoflastmonth.(过去完成时)④intheend“最后/结局是------”=atlast/finally(指事情发展的顺序/最终结局)First,hewenttothepark,thenhewentshopping,intheendhevisitedhisparents.ThewarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.友情提示：finally和intheend一般指一系列事物或论点的顺序的最后一项内容，没有任何感情色彩；而atlast往往表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程之后最终取得什么结果，常常有较浓厚的感情色彩。Atlast,hefinishedhisworkintime.Thethiefwassenttothepolicestationatlast.三．重点句式：1.WouldyoulikeustotakeyoutoLaoSheTeahouse?(不定式作宾语补足语)2.we’regoingtostyforsometea.3.Howwasit?(How+be+主语---?(问某人情况如何?表关心或问候) 4.It’slovelytoseeyou.(动词不定式作主语)Itwasimpossibletoopenwithoutaspecialkey.Myparentsofferedtotakeusthere.(动词不定式作宾语)IwanttoseetheTeahouse,somyparentsagreedtotakeus.Itriedtounderstandit,butitwasalmostimpossible.Weonlyplannedtohavesometea,butwedecidedtostayfortwohours.Ihopetounderstandmorenexttime.IsthereanythingspecialyouwanttodoorseeinBeijing.(定语从句；宾语)DidSallyfindtheoperaeasytounderstand.(不定式作方式状语)Itasksustoseetheteahouseasthecentreoftheneighbourbood.(不定式作宾语补足语)TheirfathertellsMariatomakethemstudyhard.(makesb.dosth.不定式作宾补)Wedidn’twanttheplaytoend.Wewenttothetheatrelastnighttoseeaplay.(动词不定式作目的状语)Theaudiencesatonstoneseatstowatchtheperformance.(动词不定式作定语)5.He’sespeciallyfamousforhisplayTeahouse.6.ThestoryhappensinaBeijingteahouse.Ittakesplaceinateahouse.7.That’sthemainthing.(口语)Noidea.=Ihavenoidea.=Idon’tknow.8.TheplayshowstheaudiencelifeinChinabetween1894and1945.(showsb.sth.双宾语)ItbringstheandiencetotheendoftheAnti–JapaneseWarin1945.(bringsth.tosb.)From1924to1929,hetaughtChinesetotheEnglishinLondon.InLaoShe’sTeahousetoday,waitersbringteatothecustmersandsellthemdeliciousChinesefood.LaoShe’sTeahousegivesawonderfulwelcometoeveryonefromChinaandfromallovertheworld.Theteahouseoffersawarmwelcometoeveryone.SheintroducedBeijingOperatothem.Hewasnameda“People’sArtist”anda“GreatMasterofLanguage”.(namesb.sth.的被动形式)9.Ifindmathsalmostimpossible.(find+sb./sth.+adj.形容词作宾语补足语)10.Audiencesof10,000peoplewatchedtheplays.11.Wecanstillseeplays(made)byancientGreekwriterslike---.四．语法点滴：动词不定式和双宾语(参考课本P178页)主语+谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)(双宾语)(S+V+InO+DO)***间接宾语一般是人，直接宾语一般是事或物；谓语为双重及物性动词。例：A.Tomshowedmehisnewbook.(=Tomshowedhisnewbooktome.)showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.常见的能接双宾语的动词并可以to引起间接宾语的词：bring,lend,pass,hand,offer,write,tell,teach,send,post,sing,show,sell,return,read,pay,give,throw,take等。B.IboughtJimapresent.(=IboughtapresentforJim.) buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.常见的能接双宾语的动词并可以for引起间接宾语的词：bring,book,build,fix,buy,cook,cut,find,get,design,fetch,keep,leave,make,order,paint,pick,prepare,do,save,sing,take,win,read,write,play,mend等。C.Wewishedthemasafejourney.***有些动词的间接宾语不能以to或for引起，而只能放在直接宾语前面。常见此类用法的动词：allow,ask,cause,cost,draw,refuse,promise(答应)等友情提示：AB中直接、间接宾语互换位置时，间接宾语前加介词to或for；一般而言，to表示动作的对象“给某人”；for表示动作的目的“为某人”。但如果直接宾语(事/物)是代词时，只能用括号中的形式例：可以说：I’llgiveittoKate.而不能说：I’llgiveKateit.五．常识：了解有关人民艺术家老舍及其作品《茶馆》Module11Theweather一．词语链接：1.cloud-cloudy,fog–foggy,mist–misty,rain–rainy,shower–showery,snow–snowy,storm–stormy,sun–sunny,wind-windyn.-adj.2.cool–warm,cold–hot,dry–wet(对应词)3.northeast,northwest,southeast,southwest(方向名词)4.trueadj.-trulyadv.5.fall(美)=autumn(英)6.possibleadj.–possiblyadv.7.freezev.-freezingadj.,-frozenadj.freeze动词，“结冰，冻结”，也可引申为“站住不动”Freshwaterfreezesat0℃.Freeze,orI’llshoot!freezing形容词，“冰冻的，冰冷的”Itisfreezing.Whatfreezingweather!frozen(过去分词化的)形容词，“冻僵的，冻得厉害”I’mfrozen.Thelakeisfrozenover.8.please,pleased,pleasant与pleasureplease“满意,愿意,高兴,欢喜讨好,讨人喜欢,有趣”1).Gothereasyouplease.2).Heisanxioustoplease.3).It"sdifficulttopleaseeverybody.4).Willyoupleasegivemethatbook?pleased“高兴/满意的”，形容词，说明的主语是人或其他动物。Yourparentswillbepleasedwithyou.(宾语是人)Iwaspleasedatthegoodnews/Iwaspleasedtohearthegoodnews.(宾语是事物)Wearepleased(that)you’vedecidedtocome.(宾语是从句)pleasant“令人高兴的”，形容词，说明的主语是人或事物。1).Itispleasanttobeoutinthiskindofweather.(不定式作真正主语)2).Thegirlhasapleasantvoice.3).We’llhaveapleasanttimeinthewaterpark. WewereallpleasedatthispleasanttriptoEurope.pleasure“令人高兴的事”，名词1)-Thankyouforyourhelp.–It’smypleasure.(这是令我高兴的事)事后-Willyouhelpmecarrythebox?-Withpleasure.(乐意效劳)事前2)It"sapleasureformetolivewithyou.MayIhavethepleasureofdancingwithyou?Theywenttotheparkjustforpleasure.It"smypleasuretohelpyou.pleasing“令人愉快的、合意的、舒适的、惹人喜爱的”,形容词1).Thefoodispleasingtomytaste.2).Sheshowedusapleasinglook.3).Heisaverywellmanneredandpleasingyoungman9.maybe,perhaps与probably都表“可能”。maybe更口语化，可位于句首、句中或句尾。perhaps表有疑问，不肯定，带有主观猜测意味。probably相当于mostlikely(很可能)，指根据所掌握的证据或从逻辑推理来说似乎是合理的。即“可能性”的从小到大的排序为maybe＜perhaps＜probably.Maybeheisateacher.=Hemaybeateacher.HehasgonetoEngland,maybe.PerhapshehasgonetoBeijing.Heprobablystaysatthecorneroftheroom.10.maybe与maybemaybe是副词，作状语，单独使用，常用于句首或句尾。其使用不影响句子时态和谓语形式，仅表示说话者的语气(也许，或许)。maybe是be动词与情态动词的融合使用，在句中作谓语。例：Maybeheisill.=Hemaybeill.Hewasillyesterday,maybe.=Hemightbeillyesterday.Maybehegoestobedearly.=Hemaygotobedearly.11.may,possible,possibly与probablymay“可能”，情态动词，和主要动词一起构成谓语。ItmaybewarminFebruary.possible“可能的”，形容词，常作定语或表语。ItispossiblethatitiswarminFebruary.Pleasecomeheretomorrowif(it’s)possible.Itispossiblethatit’llbesnowy.possibly/probably“可能地”，副词，常作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子。It’llprobably/possiblybewarminFebruary.Theyprobablycameherelastnight.二．短语：1.goonholiday_______2.bestofall________3.prepare(sth.)for---_________________4.goshoppingfor---________5.SpringFestival______6.besure_____7.atthetime____8.beofffrom_________;beoffto---__________9.comeon________10.weatherforecast ________11.allday/year_______12.atChristmas_________13.freezingcold_______14.dependon(sb.todo)sth._____15.a(great)dealof___(修饰不可数)16.severaldaysof-________17.pay---forsth._________18.fromtimetotime=sometimes__________19.comparedto/with___________与compare---with/to---____________comparedto/with“与------相比”Comparedtootherwomen,shewasindeedveryfortunate(幸运).(-ed分词，表被动意)Thesalesofthecompanyhasincreasedby40%comparedto/withlastyear.compare---with/to---“把------与------相比”Comparethisbookwiththatone,andfindoutthedifferencesbetweenthem.注意：compareto是“把……比作”的意思。例：Wecomparehimtoalittletiger.Thelastdaysbeforeliberationareoftencomparedtothedarknessbeforethedawn(黎明).compare...with是“把……和……比较”的意思。例：Wemustcomparethepresentwiththepast.Wecomparedthetranslationwiththeoriginal(原文).从上面比较可以看出，comparewith侧重一个仔细的比较过程。有时，两者都可以互相代替。例：HecomparedLondonto(with)Paris.他把伦敦比作巴黎。Londonislarge,comparedto(with)Paris.同巴黎比较而言，伦敦大些。在表示“比不上”、“不能比”的意思时，用comparewith和compareto都可以。例：MyspokenEnglishcan"tbecomparedwithyours.我的口语比不上你的。Thepenisnotcomparedtothatone.这笔比不上那支。20.travelaround(adv.)_________;travelaround(prep.)someplace___________DuringmysummerholidayIliketravellingaround.DuringmysummerholidayIliketravellingaroundtheworld.21.takephotosof---___________与takephotosfor---____________takephotosof---“给---拍照”MrBrowntookphotosofLinda.(照片中是Linda)takephotosfor---“为/替---拍照”ItookphotosforMr.Brown.(Mr.Brown是摄影师)22.arrive,get与reach___________arrivevi.(不及物动词)，表示到某地时(名词)，后面接介词in(大地方)或at(小地方)。getvi.(不及物动词),表示到某地时(名词)，后面接介词to。但地方如为home,here.there副词时，上述两个动词都不用介词。例：1.HehasarrivedinBeijing.Theyarrivedatthesmallvillagelastnight.Tomhasarrivedhere.2.IgottoBeijingtwodaysago.Hashegothome?reachvt.(及物动词)，后面直接接地点名词；vi.(不及物动词)，后面直接接home,here, there等地点副词。例：TheyhavereachedBeijing.LiLeireachedhomelatelastnight.注意：单独使用时常用arrive,而不用其他两个词。例：TheyhadleftwhenIarrived.23.getdoing____________Theysoongotchatting(聊天)online.24.remembertodosth.___________与rememberdoingsth.___________rememberdoingsth.记得(已做过的)某事V-ing动名词→宾语(做了)例：Iremembersendinghimapostcard.remembertodosth.记着(应该做的)某事不定式→宾语(未做)例：Iremembertosendhimapostcard.25.so---that和such---that都可以引导结果状语从句，而且意思相同，但是在结构上不同。so---thatsuch---that1so+形容词/副词+thatsuch+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that2so+many(多)/few(少)+复数名词+thatsuch+形容词+复数名词+that3so+much(多)/little(少)+不可数名词+thatsuch+形容词+不可数名词+that4so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that**注意事项：1．中间是形容词时，或中间是“形容词(many/much/few/little)+名词”时，只能用so---that结构,除此之外都用such---that结构。2．如果是“形容词+单数名词”，两种结构都行，但要注意冠词a/an的位置。例：ThisissuchaninterestingstorythatIhavereaditmanytimes.=ThisissointerestingastorythatIhavereaditmanytimes.3．so---that(如此------以致于------)so是副词，常修饰形容词或副词；such---that(如此的------以致------)such是形容词，常修饰含限定词的短语名词。判断方法：如果so前是be,become,feel等连系动词，so---that中间一般用形容词；如果so前是行为动词，so---that中间一般用副词。例：1.Shewassohappythatshedanced.2.HeransofastthatIcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.4．在某些情况下，so---that结构可转换成too---to或enoughto结构的简单句式。A.当that从句是否定句时：a).如从句与主句主语相同，可转换为too---todo结构：例：He’ssoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.->He’stooyoungtogotoschool.b).如从句与主句主语不同，可转换为too---forsb.todo结构：例：Theboxissoheavythathecan’tliftit.->Theboxistooheavyforhim tolift.B.当that从句是肯定句时：a)如从句与主句主语相同，可转换为---enoughto结构：例：Tomransofastthathecaughtupwithus.->Tomranfastenoughtocatchupwithus.b).如从句与主句主语不同，可转换为---enoughforsb.todo结构：例：Theboxissolightthatthechildcanliftit.->Theboxislightenoughforthechildtolift.**注意：代词用宾格，不定式后的宾语(如为指代主句的主语时)须省略。**5．当that从句为否定句式时：A.从句与主句主语相同时，可变为---enoughtodo的否定结构；(enough前的形容词或副词要用其相应的反义词)例：Thisboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.=Thisboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool./Thisboyistooyoungtogotoschool.B.从句与主句主语不同时，可变为---enoughforsb.todo的否定结构：例：ThisboxissoheavythatIcan’tmoveitaway.=Thisboxisn’tlightenoughformetomoveaway./Thisboxistooheavyformetomoveaway.**注意：代词用宾格，不定式后的宾语(如为指代主句的主语时)须省略。***26.makesure__________a.makesure+that从句(可省略)Makesure(that)youhaveturnedoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.b.makesureof---Hephonedhissecretarytomakesureofthetimeandplaceforthemeeting.c.makesureIthinkyou’reright,butyou’dbettermakesure.27.therestof_________Wehavenotimetofinishreadingtherestofthisnovel.三．重点句式：1.What/Howabout(doing)sth.---?2.PreparesomeadviceonthebesttimetovisitChina.(动词不定式作定语，后置)WhenisthebesttimetovisittheUSA?–WhatareyougoingtobuyforLingling’spresent?–Somethingwarmtoread.TheUSAisa---countrytovisit,sochoosecarefullytheplacestoseeandthetimetogo.ThebestplanistoarriveinNewEnglandinSeptember.(动词不定式作表语)Theweatherstartstogetcoolerandthetreesstarttochangecolour.(不定式作宾语)Soremembertowearsomewarmclothes.It’snicetoseethesuninDecember!(动词不定式作真正主语，后置；it作形式主语)It’spleasanttovisitAlaskainJulyandAugust. It’sgoodtohearthatyoumaywanttovisitBritain.Thewindisverystrong.It’ssowindythatit’sdifficulttowalk.(windn.；windyadj.)It’sverydifficulttodependontheweatherinBritainbecauseitchangesalot.It’sagoodideatobringyourcamerabecauseyoumaywanttotakephotosoftheautumnleaves.(前者，不定式作真正主语；后者，不定式作宾语)3.Hey,youlot!(你们这帮家伙！口语)4.It’sfreezing,isn’tit?(形容词)5.WhatareyougoingtodoforSpringFestival,Tony?6.Willitbesnowy?(形容词，系表结构)=Willitsnow(动词)?TherewillsometimesbesnowinwinterinEngland.(名词，用于therebe结构中)7.Youmustbejoking.(情态动词+be+doing进行时结构，表对正在进行的动作的推测)8.(It)soundsgreat!(系表结构，口语)Notbad!(口语)9.Whatwilltheweatherbelike?=Howwilltheweatherbe?(问天气belike的将来时)-What’sthetemperature?-It’s20degrees.(问气温)10.Atthemoment,it’ssummerthere,soit’llprobablybehotandsunny.(副词位于第一助动词will后be动词前)11.We’reofftoHongkong.(离开/动身去某地)12.Whenit’snottoocoldortoohot.=Whenit’snottoocoldandnottoohot./Whenit’sneithertoocoldnortoohot.13.Comeon,bettergetgoing!(快点，还是赶紧吧！=Hurryup,you’dbettergetgoing!)14.InTexasandthesoutheast,therearestormsfromtimetotimeinsummerandfall.15.It’susuallyveryhotandsunnycomparedtomanyotherplaces.ComparedwithcountrieslikeMexico,EgyptorIndia,it’sreallyverycold.(过去分词短语作方式状语，与主语成被动关系)16.Anytimeyoulike!(口语)=YoucanvisittheUSAatanytimeyoulike.(youlike是定语从句，修饰time)17.Butusually,there’sadealofrain,especiallyinwinter.(adealof,修饰不可数名词)18.Ithasmorethan270cmofraineveryyear.19.Therainforesthasmoredifferentanimalsandplantsthananyotherplace.(theotherplaces)【比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+of/in范围短语)，表最高级意】20.ManyriversjointheAmazonas(=when)itflowsover(=morethan)6,000kmfromtheAndesinthewesttotheAtlanticOceanintheeast.21.Bestofall,therewon’tbesomanypeople.四．语法点滴： 1.不定式的用法(参考Unit2Activity3,Unit3Activity3)2.合理使用because,so,与but.3.情态动词表可能性的用法1.may“可能”，表示可能性。(常用于正式文体中，或表肯定的陈述句中)Theremaybewaterofsomekind(某种形式的)onMars.2.mightmay的过去式(不表过去)，也可表示可能性，但其可能性比may要小些。TheremightbewaterofsomekindonMars.3.must“一定”，表有把握或确定的推测。Youmustbewrong.Thelightison.Hemustbeathome.Heisn’there,hemustgooutforawalk.4.can“可能”，表示可能性。(常用语口语中，或表疑问或否定的句中)Canhebeathomenow?Canhestayinthelonelyhousealone?can’t“不可能”，表否定的推测(不用maynot形式，maynot“可能不”意)-Mayyoubeherebeforesix?-Yes,Imay./No,Ican’t.(不能用maynot)注意：can’t是表可能性的can,may,must的否定形式，而没有maynot,mustn’t形式。Hecan’tbeathome.IsawJiminthelibraryjustnow,hecan’tbeintheclassroomatthemoment.表可能性还可用表示可能的形容词或副词，常用的有：Itispossiblethat---Itispossiblethatit’llbesnowy.Itispossibletodosth.Itispossibleforustofinishtheworkontime.主语+willprobably/possibly+v.---It’llprobablybecoldandwet.注意：probably表示的可能性比possibly要大。4.表示天气的名词、动词与形容词及其用法cloud–cloudy,fog–foggy,mist–misty,rain-rainy,shower–showery,snow–snowy,storm–stormy,sun–sunny,wind-windyn.-adj.Willitbesnowytomorrow?(形容词，系表结构)=Willitsnowtomorrow(动词)?=Willtherebesnowtomorrow?(名词)TherewillsometimesbesnowinwinterinEngland.(名词，用于therebe结构中)五．常识：问“天气或温度如何”的句式1.Whatis/wastheweatherlike---?(现在/过去)–Itis/wascloudy.=Howis/wastheweather---?Whatwilltheweatherbelike---?(将来)-Itwillbecloudy.=Howwilltheweatherbe---?2.Whatis/wasthetemperature---?(现在/过去)–Itis/was30degrees..Whatwillthetemperaturebe---?-Itwillbe30degrees.3.表气温的形式：-7°C读作minussevendegrees或sevendegreesbelowzero(centigrade) +7°C读作plussevendegrees或sevendegrees(abovezero)(centigrade)Module12Traditionallife一．词语链接1.chopstick(s)(常用复数)2.wrap–unwrapv.open–closev.,open–closedadj.(反义词)3.traditionn.–traditionaladj.4.luckn.–luckyadj.–luckilyadv.noisen.–noisyadj.–noisilyadv.5.immediately=atonce/rightaway;around=aboutadv./moreorless6.back–to-front7.movev.-movementn.8.immediateadj.-immediatelyadv.(=atonce/rightaway)9.greetv.-greeting(s)n.wedv.-weddingn.10.smokev./n.-smokingn.(行为)11.chat-chatting-chatted-chatted;wrap-wrapping-wrapped-wrapped;hang-(悬挂)-hung-hung/(绞死)-hanged-hanged;12.accept与receive的用法accept“接受”，指主观上愿意接受，然后接收。receive“收到”(=get)，只强调客观上收到，不表示主观上愿意接受。Ireceivedhisinvitationyesterday,butIhaven’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.MaryhasreceivedaringfromTom,butshedoesn’twanttoacceptit.13.both的用法both“两者都”，用于指两个人或物。both用于be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。(all的用法与之相同)ThegroupTwinsarebothgirls.Thetwocomputersbothworkwell.14.anyway(=anyhow)“不管怎样，无论如何，反正”，常用于句首作状语，可换为anyhow。Anyway,Imustdoittoday.Iamgoinganyway/anyhow,nomatterwhatyousay.15.fun(好玩、有趣的事，不可数名词)的用法1).be+funThecomputergamesisgreatfun.2).It+be+fun+todosth.It’sfuntosurftheInternet.3).befunforsb.Cartoonmovieisfunforchildren.4).havefun=haveagoodtimeWehavealotoffunattheparty.16.without的用法without是介词with的对应词，常用于表否定意义的条件或伴随状况或特征。例：Withoutherhelp,wecan’tarriveintime.(条件)Theboyhurriedtoschoolwithoutbreakfast.(伴随状况)Iliketeawithoutanythinginit.=Iliketeawithnothinginit.(特征)17.other,another,others与theother的用法：A.●,◆one…theother(one)…（两者中）另一个例：Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,theother(one)isblue.B.●,◆◆◆one…theothers/theother…（多者中）其余的例:Ihavefourgoodfriends.Oneisadoctor,theothersareworkers.C.●,◆○○one…another(one)…（多者中）另一个 例：Ihavefivebrothers.Oneisadoctor,anotherisadriver.theothersareworkers.D.●●,◆◆○○some…others/otherones…（多者中）有些例：Theboysareonthefarm.Someareplantingtrees,othersarewateringtheflowers.E.●●●,◆◆◆some…theothers/theotherones（多者中）其余的例：Thereare15books.SomeareChinese,theothersareEnglish.注意：1)others,theothers:代词，单独使用，不用于修饰任何词。2)another通常接单数名词，“另一个---”；但其后可接基数词+复数名词。例：(1)Wouldyoulikeanotherone?(2)We’llhaveanothertwo-dayholiday(=twodays’holiday)(3)Ineedanotherfewdays(=afewmoredays)beforeIfinishthisbook.3)在分述三个或多个人或事物时，常用one---another---thethird---句。例：Shehasfourfriends.Oneisaworker,anotherisateacher,theothersare---.二．短语1.hangon(非正式)_____=waitpatiently/holdon2.dosomecleaning_____3.washup____4.wastebin_______5.chessset_______6.buy/getsb.sth.=buy/getsth.forsb._______7.givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.________8.cutone’shair_________9.goodluck_______–badluck_______10.waitandsee______11.atSpringFestival________12.greetpeople_______13.haveateaparty______14.make(a)noise______15.adviceforsb./sth.____16.enjoyone’sstay(n.)________17.forexample______18.shakehandswith---_________19.have/drinktea_________20.teawithmilk____________21.putsth.in(adv.)________22.bedifferentfrom---_______23.overone’sshoulder_______24.getmarried(tosb.)____25.needsth.todo____________26.haveawedding__________与gotoawedding________27.bethenexttodosth._________28.usesth.todo_________29.cleanup---___________30.stayout_______31.attheageof---_______32.belatefor---______33.takeout______34.paysb.---forsth.________35.playgameswith---_________36.onthepavement_____37.droplitter______38.asetof_____39.gochatting_____40.apairofchopsticks______41.havealight/bigmeal________________42.shoutto---_______;shoutat---________ 43.not---but---_________44.arrivein/at---________45.ontime______/intime_____46.usesth.todosth.________47.buy/getsb.sth.=buy/getsth.forsb.________________;givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.______48.Getamoveon.______49.wrapsth.in---paper__________50.cutone’shair_________________=haveahaircut/haveone’shaircut51.bestrictwithsb._______;bestrictinsth._______52.cleanup=docleaning_______53.stayout______54.attheageof________55.lookup(sth.inthedictionary)________56.stop(doing)sth._________与stoptodosth.___________stopdoingsth.停止做某事(=notdosth.)V-ing动名词→宾语例：Theystoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.stoptodosth.停下(某事)去做另一件事(=begintodosth.)不定式→目的状语例：Theyweretired,sotheystoppedtohavearest.57.hearsb.dosth.__________与hearsb.doingsth.___________感官动词接不定式表示已经发生的动作，即表从开始到结束的动作的全过程(或表示对事实陈述)；而接现在分词表示动作处于进行过程中，即表示正在发生或持续性的动作(或强调描写)。例：IheardKatesingintheclassroom.(我听见Kate在教室唱歌了；动作已经结束)IheardKatesingingintheclassroom.(我听见Kate正在教室里唱歌；动作正在进行)58.ontime_________与intime__________ontime“按时；准时”(有约定的时间)Youshouldreturnthebookstothelibraryontime.intime“及时”(表示“来得及”，在事情发生之前，而没有约定时间)Thedoctorgotthereintimetosavethepatient.59.so______与such_________①so“如此，这么”，表程度的副词，常用于修饰形容词或副词。常出现somany/much(这么多)，sofew/little(这么少)等的短语。1).somany/few+可数名词复数：Withsomanypeoplecominginandout,Ijustcan’tgettosleep.TherearesofewthingsintheshopthatIseldomgoshoppingthere.2).somuch/little+不可数名词I’veneverseensomuchmoney.Hehassolittlemoneythathecan’tbuyapairofnewshoes.②such“如此的，这么的”，表程度的形容词，常用于修饰名词。不与many/much(多)、few/little(少)连用。1).such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数I’veneverreadsuchaninterestingbookbeforethatIwanttoreaditoncemore.2).such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词Theyaresuchbadboys.Nobodywantstomakefriendswiththem.Theyaresuchlittlechildrenthatnoonebelievewhattheysaid. (little是“小的”意思)Thereissuchbadweatherinthisplacethatfewpeoplecometostayhere.60.lookfor______,find_______,findout________与lookup________lookfor“寻找(人/物)”表动作Iamlookingformylostdog.find“找到/发现(人/物)”表结果Ilookedformycateverywhere,butIcouldn’tfindit.Ifinditalittledifficulttorememberthetext.findout查明/弄清楚(某事)Couldyouhelpmefindoutwhenthetrainleaves?lookup(在词典、书中)查找Ihavelookedupthenewwordsinthedictionary.61.pay,spend,cost与take_________1.Sb.pay(sb.money)forsth.某人为------付款LiLeipaidmefiveyuanfortheknife.Ihavepaidforthetickets.(pay宾语常为金钱或表代价的词,可带双宾语)2.Sb.spendtime/money(in)doingsth.某人花费时间或金钱做某事Sb.spendtime/moneyonsth.某人在某事物上花费时间或金钱Ispendhalfanhour(in)doingmyhomeworkeveryevening.Hespent20yuanonthedictionary.3.Sth.cost(sb.)money某物花费某人金钱或代价(cost后面可带双宾语)Thedictionarycosthim20yuan.(=Hepaid20yuanforthedictionary./Hespent20yuanonthedictionary)Thedictionarycosts20yuan.(问句：Howmuchdoesthedictionarycost?)4.it+take+sb+sometime+todosth.做某事花费某人时间或精力(不定式真正主语，take后面可带双宾语)Ithastakenhimtwomonthstogetthere.(=Hehasspenttwomonthsingettingthere.)HowlongdoesittaketoreachBeijing?Sb.+take+sometime+todosth.某人花费时间/精力做某事Hetookanhourtofinishthework.=Ittookhimanhourtofinishthework.(=Hespentanhourinfinishingthework./Hespentanhouronthework.)说明：pay,spend常以人作主语；cost常以物作主语；take常以事情(不定式)做真正主语（后置，it做形式主语）62.Hereshecomes!_____________(倒装句)here,there开头的句子常用倒装语序。主语如果是名词，用全部倒装形式(如例1)；主语如果是代词，用部分倒装形式(如例2)。例：1).Therecomesthebus!(公共汽车来了！全部倒装)Hereisthemoney!(给你钱！)2).Hereyouare!/Hereitis!(给你！部分倒装)63.beusedin____________,beusedby____________,beusedtodosth.___________,beusedfor___________与beusedas____________beusedin在-----方面/场合使用Englishiswidelyusedindifferentcountries.beusedby被-----(人)使用Coalisusedbypeopleforgetting/toget heat.beusedtodosth.被用于做------Stampsareusedtopostletters.beusedfor(doing)sth.被用于(做)某事=beusedtodosth.Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.=Knivesareusedtocutthings.beusedas---被作为------使用Englishisusedasaforeignlanguageinmanycountries.64.usedtodosth._________与beusedto(doing)sth.__________usedtodosth.“过去常常/曾经------”(to后面接动词原形)(只用于过去时)Heusedtobeahistoryteacher,butnowheteachesusChinese.Weusedtosendletterswithstamps,butnowwesendinformationbyemail.beusedto(doing)sth.“对(做)某事习惯了”(to后面接动词时接ving形式)AreyouusedtothewayoflifeinAmerica?Hewillbeusedtogettingupearlysoon.三．重点句式1.WriteadviceforforeigngueststoaChinesefamily.2.Stopchatting,everyone.Hereshecomes!(倒装句)3.We’vegotyouapresent=We’vegotapresentforyou.(双宾语)4.Getamoveon!(口语，“行动起来，赶快”=comeon!)5.Hangon.(1.口语，“打住，不要再说下去了”；2.电话用语，“别挂上”)6.Openapresentwhenyoureceiveit.Whenyouacceptapresent,youmustusebothhands.Whensomeonegivesyouapresentandyoutakeit,youacceptit.(双宾语)7.Youmustn’tdoanythingonthefirstdayoftheChineseNewYear.(情态动词)Youmustn’ttalkwithfoodinyourmouth.Insometrainsyoucan’tevenuseyourmobilephone.Youcan’tbeserious!(口语，“你不会是认为真的吧”)8.Justwaitandsee.9.Whenyoudosomethingimmediately,youdoitnow,notlater.10.It’simportanttorememberthebirthdaysoffamilyandfriends.(不定式作主语)11.It’satraditioninChinatogivepresentsatSpringFestival.12.Youusuallyshakehandswithpeoplewhenyoumeetthemforthefirsttime.13.Teaisnotjustadrinkbutalightmealataround4pm.(around=about)14.Youdon’toftenhearpeopleshoutinginthestreet.(听见某人在做某事)15.Thewomanmustn’tarriveatthechurchontime,butafewminuteslate.16.Atthepartyafterthewedding,thewomanthrowsherflowersoverhershoulder.Thegirlwhocatchesthemwillbenexttogetmarried.(定语从句)17.Apictureinaredcirclewithalineacrossalwaysmeans“youmustn’tdothis”.(介词短语作定语，后置，表示特征)18.Thesamesignsareusedinmanyplaces.(被动语态) 四．语法点滴must与can的用法must1).必须Noonecanhelpyou,youmustdoityourself.-MustIcleantheroomnow?–No,youneedn’t.Youcandoitlater.2).mustn’t“禁止，不许”Youmustn’tdriveacaruntilyoureach18.can1).可以/允许Youcantakepicturesinthismuseum.2).can’t“不允许”Youcan’tspeakEnglishlikethat.(没有maynot形式)情态动词巧妙小结:1.cancan,can’t/could,couldn’t的用法：a.表示能力，“能/会(=beableto,强调能力常用beableto)”1).Ican’tspeakFrench.2).Hetoldmethathecouldworkouttheproblembyhimself.3).-CanyouspeakEnglish?-Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.(问答都用can)b.表示可能性，表示怀疑或不肯定，常用于否定或疑问句中，“可能”。1).Canitbetrue?–Yes,itmust(肯定常用)./No,itcan’t(否定常用).2).Hecan’tbeinthelabbecauseImethimjustnow.(“不可能”)3).Shecan’thavesaidsuchafoolishthing.(表对过去的否定推断)（她肯定不曾说过这么愚蠢的事情）c.表示请求或允许，“可以”，常用于口语或非正式场合，同may。-CanIhavealookatyournewcamera?–Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t/mustn’t.(问答视语气而定)注意：1)表示能力时，can和beableto意思相同。但can只有现在式和过去式(could)；而beableto可以有多种时态形式，并有人称和数的变化。Icanjustridethebicyclenow,butI’msureIwillbeabletodriveacar.2)could常可用于表说话委婉、客气的现在时的句子中(不一定表示过去)。CouldIborrowyourbike,please?Couldyoutellmehowtogothere?2.maymay/might的用法：a.表示允许或许可，“可以”常用于书面语或正式场合，口语中常用can(否定回答不用maynot形式)1.-MayIaskyousomequestions?-Yes,youmay/can./No,youcan’t/mustn’t.(问答视语气而定)2.Youmayleavehereafterschool.b.表示请求许可，肯定回答可用may也可用certainly或ofcourse。否定回答用can’t(不能)或mustn’t(禁止/不可以)代替maynot(maynot是不客气说法，不常用)-MayIgohomenow?-Yes,youmay./No,youcan’t/mustn’t(untilyourworkisdone).c.表示推测，用于谈论可能性，常用于肯定句中，“可能、或许”；用might(1)表过去时(2)表语气更委婉、客气或对可能性的怀疑(虚拟语气)，即更小的可能性。1)I’mafraidImaybealittlelate.2)Ithinkhemightbeinclass.(过去)3)MightIborrowsomemoneynow?(客气)4)Hemightbealive.(虚拟)d.用于表示祝愿，用于祈使句中。Mayyousucceed.3.mustmust的用法：a.表示必要性“必须，应该，一定”，否定式mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”1).Imustfinishmyhomeworkfirst.2).Youmustn’tswimaloneintheriver. b.用于疑问句，其否定回答形式为needn’t,表示“不必”。-MustIcleantheclassroomnow?-Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t(don’thaveto).Youcandoitafterschool.c.“must+be+表语”表对现在情况的推测，“一定/准是”；用于肯定句(否定形式cannot或can’t)。1).Marymustbeinthelibrarynow,forIsawherthereamomentago.2).Katemustbeintheclassroomnow,isn’tshe?d.“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去事情的推测，“想必，一定已经”。1).Themanishavingarest,hemusthavefinishedhiswork.2).Hemusthavetoldmyparentsaboutit,didn’the?注意：haveto与must的区别：1.must表说话者的主观看法，而haveto则强调客观需要做的事情。1).Imustfinishtheworkby5o’clock,thenIcangotovisitUncleWang.2).Hehastogobackhomebecauseheforgottoshutthewindows.2.must无人称、数和时态变化，而haveto则有人称、数和时态变化；如要体现时态表达，可用haveto的不同形式表达。1).-MustTombeherebefore7o’clock?–No,heneedn’t.2).Hehadtodohishomeworkagain,forhehadmadesomanymistakes.3.两者否定式意义不同，mustnot表“不许/一定不能”，而donothaveto“不必”(=needn’t)的意思。1).-MayIsmokeherenow?-Sorry,sir,Youmustn’tsmokehere.2).-MustIfetchthenewspaperrightnow?–No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.4.need与dare的用法：二者都既可以作情态动词，也可以作行为动词，表示“需要;敢于”。注意：1).作情态动词时，一般用于疑问或否定句中，无人称、数和时态变化。(dare有时态变化)1).-NeedIgotherenow?-Yes,youmust.(肯定回答用must)-No,youneedn’t/youdon’thaveto.(否定回答)2).HowdareyousayIamunfair?Idarenotgooutaloneatnight.2).作行为动词时，有人称、数和时态的变化，后接名词、代词、不定式或动名词等形式作宾语，句型变化与普通行为动词相同。1).Doyouneedtodoitrightnow?2)Thisbikeneedsrepairing.3).Doyoudaretoclimbtheladder?3).need还可用作名词。Afriendinneedisaclosefriendindeed.5.willwill/would的用法：a.常用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，表说话人向对方提出请求或询问。would比will更委婉、客气。1)Willyoupleaseopenthedoorforme?2)Wouldyoumindmyturninguptheradio?b.用于各种人称肯定句中，表示意愿和决心。would为will的过去式。1).I’lldomybesttocatchupwiththem.2).Hesaidhewouldhelpme.c.表示现在或过去的习惯性动作或某种必然的倾向，“往往；总------”1).Fishwilldiewithoutwater.2).Sometimesthedoorwon’topen.3).Whenhewasachild,hewouldswiminthelake.注意：willnot的缩写式为won’t. 6.usedtousedto的用法：表示过去的习惯性动作或状态，只表过去时，用于各种人称，“过去常常”。1).Heusedtowalkalongthelakeaftersupper,usedn’t(didn’t)he?2).Heusednot(didn’tuse)tolikePekingopera.3).Usedyou(Didyouuse)towatchTVonSaturdayevening?注意：现在大多数人在口语中或非正式的书面语中对疑问式或否定式常使用与do连用的形式※would与usedto的区别：would后面常接表示行为动作的动词，即动态动词；HewouldwalktoschoolwhenhewasinGrade3.(动态)usedto后面可接动态或静态动词。HeusedtowalktoschoolwhenhewasinGrade3.(动态)HeusedtobeanEnglishteacher,heusedtostayinthelibraryafterschool.(静态)7.shallshall/should的用法：两者表示命令、警告、允许、征求、劝告、建议、惊奇等，“应该”。shall用于第一人称(I,we)作主语的表将来的疑问句中，表示征求意见或提出建议。ShallwegotothePalaceMuseumthisafternoon?should是shall的过去式形式可用于各种人称和数,表示“应该”。Theyoungshouldbepolitetotheold.注意：shallnot的缩写式为shan’t.8.hadbetterhadbetter的用法：表示提建议或劝告，“最好------”。(后面接不带to的不定式<即原形>；否定式为hadbetternotdosth.)1).You’dbettergotherebybus.2).Wehadbetternotgoout,it’stoocold.3).Hadhebetternotleaveherenow?五．常识中西生活、文化、习俗差异RevisionmoduleB一．词语链接1.cheern./v.–cheerfuladj.–cheerfullyadv.2.villagen.–villagern.(人)二．短语1.feelsoft(comfortable,cold),lookfresh(smart,cheerful,friendly,tidy,dangerous)tastedelicious(awful,strong)smellfresh(nice,strong)soundnoisy(quiet,good)be/fallasleep(系表结构)2.teachsb.todoinvitesb.todowaitforsb.todotrytodooffertodohopetodosomethingtodo(不定式)3.sellsb.sth.bringsb.sth.(双宾语)4.makemoney(from/for)5.inafewyears’time(几年后，将来时)6.putthefireon(生火)7.keepdoingsth.(继续/不断做某事)8.sothat(以便/为了=inorderthat)9.startfrom(从------开始)10.turnleft/rightinto---11.onone’sleft/right12.goacross 13.taketimetodosth.(花费时间做某事)14.becloseto(靠近---)15.belively(热闹的)16.looksb.intheeye(看着某人的眼睛)looksb.upanddown(上下打量某人)“look”(瞧/打量)及物动词17.beshyabout(doing)sth.(对---感到害羞)18.not---anymore(不再)19.not---atall(一点也不)20.cutone’shair与haveone’shaircut(haveahaircut)cutone’shair剪某人的头发，“剪发”的动作可以是由句子的主语实施的。FatherhascutLiLei’shair.haveone’shaircut“请（别人）剪发”，“剪发”不是由句子主语而是他人实施的。Ihavehadmyhaircut.=Ihavehadahaircut.21.befriendly与befriendsbefriendly“(对-----)友好”形容词作表语Heisfriendlytoeveryone.befriends“成为朋友”名词作表语Wearefriends,wearefriendlytoeachother.三．重点句式1.Ican’teatthecake.Ittastesawful.(系表结构)2.Waitalittlebit,thewaiterwillbringuscakestoeat.(双宾语，不定式作定语)3.HeinvitedmetowatchBeijingOperalastnight.(不定式作宾语补足语)4.Itriedtounderstandher,butshespoketoofast.(不定式作宾语)5.Toprotectwildanimals,wemustprotecttheplaceswheretheylive.(不定式作目的状语)6.I’llbeveryhappytocomewithyou.(不定式作原因状语)7.It’shardtostopthekilling,becausethosepeoplemakemoneyfromanimalskins.(主语)It’sdangerousforshipstokeepgoinginheavystorms.(不定式的复合结构作主语)8.Thebestplanistomeetatthestationatfouro’clock.(表语)9.Mylifemaybemoreexcitinginfiveyears’time.(情态动词)10.Don’topenyourpresentnow.InChinayoumustwaitandopenitlater.(情态动词)11.–Whatdoeshelooklike?–Heisashortmanwithdarkhair.(外表特征)-Whataretheylike?-They’refriendly/cheerful.(内在性格、品质等)12.Putthefireon.It’sfreezinginthisroom.(天气状况，名词与形容词用法)We’vehadaverysnowywinterthisyear.Thereismuchsnoweverywhere.13.Welcometothisshorttourof---.14.Remember:“Beingfriendly”isnot“beingfriends”.15.Wespeakloudlyandsmilealot.16.Whenweleaveourfriends,wetaketimetosaygoodbye.IttaketimetomakegoodfriendsintheUSA.(不定式作真正主语)17.Wedon’tstandveryclosetothepersonwe’retalkingto.(定语从句)18.Welookpeopleintheeye,butweneverstare–wethinkthat’srude. 19.Weareshyaboutourage.20.Weneversayweareveryold,onlythatweare“notyounganymore”.四．语法与常识1．感官动词（系动词）的用法(Activities1.2.)例：Thebedroomsoundsveryquiet.(常用结构：系动词+表语形容词)Thechildrenareasleep.2．问路和指引方式(Activities3.4.13.14)3．动词不定式的用法(Activities5.6.)例：KateisfromEnglandandshecanteachmetospeakEnglish.4．双宾语(Activity5.)例：Themaninthemarketsoldussomevegetables.5．情态动词的用法(Activities7.8.)例：ThetownwhereIlivemaybemorebeautiful.InAmericayoucanopenyourpresentimmediately.Youdon’thavetowait.=Youneedn’twait.InBritain,youmustn’trideyourbicycleonthepavement.–It’stoodangerous.6．belike与looklike的区别用法(Activities9.10.)例：1).-Whatishelike?-He’sfriendlyandeasytogetalongwith.(内在品质、性格等特征)2).–Whatdoesshelooklike?–She’satallgirlwithlonghair.(外表特征)7．表天气状况的名词与形容词的用法(Activity11.)例：Villagersarenowwaitingforaraintocomesothatthericewillgrow.We’vehadaverysnowywinterthisyear.8．中西方风俗习惯等文化差异(Activities15.16.17.18.)例：Wedon’tstandveryclosetothepersonwe’retalkingto.Welookpeopleintheeye,butweneverstare–wethinkthat’srude.八年级英语（下）课堂笔记ModuleOne一．词语链接1.collectv.–collectionn.(收藏品)–collectingn.(收藏行为)–collector(n.人)例：Ilikecollectingstamps.(v.)Ihaveacollectionofstamps.(n.)Collectingstampsismyhobby.(动名词)2.tidy–untidy,least–most,lazy–diligent/hardworking(反义)3.sailv.–sailingn.(行为)-sailor(n.人)4.createv.–creationn.-creativeadj.5.usen.-useful/uselessadj.6.develop –development,enjoy–enjoyment,improve–improvementv.–n.例：Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourlifeisbecomingbetterandbetter.developing(adj.发展中的)developed(adj.发达的)例：Chinaisadevelopingcountry,butJapanisamoredevelopedcountry.7.actn.＆v.(行动)–activeadj.(积极的)–actionn.(动作)–activityn.(活动)–actor/actress(演员)8.professionn.(职业)-professionaladj.(职业的)–professorn.(人)9.imaginev.(想象)–imaginationn.(幻想，想象力)-imaginativeadj.(虚构的)10.primary–junior–senior(由低到高)11.teenageadj.-teenagern.12.enjoyv.–enjoymentn.–enjoyableadj.13.successn.(–succeedv.)–successfuladj.-successfullyadv.14.skilln.-skillfuladj.※like与aslike像------一样(实际上不是-------)Hetalkedtomelikemyfather.as如同，以------身份(可能就是------)Hetalkedtomeasafather.二．短语及句式结构1.tidyup____________(代词，中间)例：Theroomisdirty,tidyitup,please!Pleasetidyupthesenewspapers/tidy---up.2.takeup__________________例：Howmuchroomdoesittakeup?3.abit+形容词/副词(=alittle)____________例：abituntidy/earlyabitof+不可数名词_____________________例：abitofbread/wateralittle+形容词/副词/不可数名词____________例：alittletiredalittlewater4.atRadioBeijing______________5.haveacollectionof----_____________________6.allthetime=always__________7.(be)interestedin(doing)sth.________________8.makesb.dosth./adj.(宾语补足语)_________________________________________Whatmadeyousointerestedinmusic?Hobbiescanmakeyougrowasaperson.9.listento/hear/seesb.do/doing(宾语补足语)_______________________________Ioftenlistenedtohimplaytheviolin.Ilistenedtothemsingingintheroom.10.playtheviolin____________playfootball_____________playwithsth._____________11.bringsb.tosp.________________bringsb.sth./bringsth.tosb.___________________12.attheendof---___________________-atthebeginningof---____________________例：Iwillplaymusichereattheendofthisterm.intheend_____________=finally/atlast例：Intheend,hehadtowalkbackhome.13.give/makeaninterview_______-doaninterviewwithsb._____14.listentomusic_____15.some…others…_______Somehobbiesarerelaxingandothersarecreative. 16.helpsb.(to)dosth._________________helpsb.withsth._________________________17.spend---onsth.__________________spend---(in)doingsth.______________________Hespentfourweeksonasummercamp.Shallwespendsometime(in)playingtabletennisonSaturday?18.---aswellas----________________(强调前者，连接主语时，谓语与第一主语一致)例：Heisgoodatsingingaswellasdancing.Theteacher,aswellashisstudents,likesthemovie.(有逗号前后隔开)WeallwanttovisitBeijingaswellasShanghai.当aswellas连接两个动词时，通常后一个动词用v-ing形式；但当前一个动词之前有不定式或情态动词时，则后一个动词用原形。例：Shedancedaswellassingingasongattheparty.Therobotisabletodanceaswellassing.Youshouldtakenotesaswellaslisten.notonly---butalso---_______________(强调后者，连接主语时，谓语“就近规则”)HecanspeaknotonlyFrenchbutalsoEnglish.Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikethemovie.19.suchas;forexample____________________________________(二者常可互换)suchas列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，as后不可用逗号(结尾常不加andsoon)。例：Manyteenagersenjoysport,suchasfootballandbasketball.forexample对同一类人/事物中一个例子进行解释说明，常用逗号隔开(结尾常加andsoon)。Somehobbies,forexample,readingandpainting,areveryrelaxing.20.imagine+n./doing/that从句_________________________________________例：Sheaskedustoimaginethatwewereinastory.imaginesb.todo/doingsth._______________________(不定式或现在分词作宾补)例：Iimaginehimtosing/singingattheparty.21.junior/seniorhighschool__________/__________22.comeout__________________23.bepopularwithsb.____________________例：Whichhobbyisthemostpopularwithboys?24.asaresult作为结果(表结论性过渡，单独用)例：Manyteenagerslovehisbook,andasaresult,Davidhasbecomeasuccessfulyoungwriter.Itsnowedheavily,andasaresult,hecamelate.asaresultof--作为---的结果/因为--(=becauseof因果关系，接名/代词/动名词)例：Astheresultoftheheavyrain,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.25.inthefuture在将来infuture(=fromnowon)(从现在起)今后例：Sometimeinthefuture,wemayallworkfewerhoursaday.Infuture,makesureyougethereontime.26.try(not)todo-尽力(不)做-Weshouldtrytodosomethingnewordifferent. trydoing(初次)尝试做---Itriedcooking,butfailedintheend.27.atleast____________-atmost____________28.intheway______________________例：ApopularhobbyinEnglandandsomeothercountriesistoliveinthewaythat(=inwhich)peoplelivedlongago.29.gocamping__________30.atthesummercamp_________31.writeaboutsth._______32.abookof---___________33.thinkabout(doing)sth.__________34.inthepast_______35.playmusic____________36.attheweekend_____________37.findout______________find偶然发现、找到例：Helookedforhislostbookeverywhere,andhefounditinthecorner.findout通过调查研究弄清抽象的事实或真相。例：Hewantedtofindoutwhostolehisbike.38.dressin+颜色/衣服例：Theydressintheclothespeopleworeinthepast.dress+人例：Thelittleboyistooyoungtodresshimself.三．重点句子1.WhydoesTony’smumwanthimtotidyuphisroom?(wantsb.nottodosth.不定式做宾补)Heaskedustoimaginethatwewereinastory.(asksb.nottodosth.不定式做宾补)2.Ihaveacollectionofdolls.3.Whatmadeyousointerestedinmusic?(make+sb./sth.+adj.)Hobbiescanmakeyougrowasaperson,developyourinterestsandhelpyoulearnnewskills.(makesb.dosth.；helpsbdo/todosth.)4.Ioftenlistenedtohimplaytheviolin.(listentosb.dosth.省略to的不定式做宾补)5.What’shappeningonFriday?(do,go,come,move,leave,arrive,happen,send,give等可用进行时表将来)6.Hespentfourweeksonasummercamp.(spend---onsth./doingsth.)Ispendsomeofmyfreetime(in)playingvolleyballformyschoolteam.7,Aswellastheusualactivities,suchassailing,climbingandmountainbiking,therewasawritingworkshopwithaprofessionalwriter.Theynotonlyenjoytheweekend,butalsolearnalotaboutlifeinthepast.8.It’sdifficulttorememberthatweshouldspendallourtimeonourfavouritehobby.(不定式是句子真正的主语，it是形式上的主语)9.Therearemanyotherinterestingthingstodoinlife,andweshouldtrytodosomethingnewordifferent.(不定代词的定语需后置)10.Whichhobbyisheinterestedinmost?11.Haveanyofyourhobbiesbroughtyougreatsuccess?(bringsb.sth.双宾语=bringsth.tosb.) Lastyear,hemadehisbrotherabicycle.(makesb.sth.双宾语=makesth.forsb.)12.Whatdoyouthinkofhighschoolstudentswritingbooks?(动名词短语与宾语students在逻辑上存在一定的主谓关系)13.Whichofthemdoyouthinkyouhavetheskillsfor?14.Itmademethinkaboutlookingaftermycollectionofoldpicturebooks---.(makesb.dosth.；thinkaboutdoingsth.)15.Whichhobbyisthemostpopularwithboys?(bepopularwithsb.)16.ApopularhobbyinEnglandandsomeothercountriesistoliveinthewaythat(=inwhich)peoplelivedlongago.(定语从句，修饰way)四．语法：TheSentenceComponents（简单句的基本结构）(课本146-147页)五．话题：TalkaboutHobbies.简单句(TypesofSimpleSentences)1．主语+谓语（+状语）(S+V)(谓语为不及物动词vi.)例：A.Classbeginsateighto’clock.B.Thesunrisesintheeast.C.Thesmallboycan’twrite.D.Theyaretalkingandlaughinghappily.常见的不及物动词：listen,look,happen,go,come,arrive,work,stay,rise,talk等。2．主语+谓语+宾语（+状语）(S+V+O)(谓语为及物动词vt.)例：A.Icouldn’tseeanything.B.WeraiseournationalflageveryMonday.C.Thesmallboycan’twriteanywords.D.They’relisteningtotheteachercarefully.E.I’lltellherthenewswhenshereturns.*注意：有些动词只做及物动词使用：reach,tell,show,hear,raise,teach,put等。有些动词既做及物动词也可做不及物动词使用：write,know,open等。不及物动词如要带宾语，须加相应的介词形成动词短语后再接宾语。listen(to),laugh(at),wait(for),look(at),talk(to/with)等。3．主语+谓语+表语（+状语）(S+V+P)(谓语为连系动词Linkv.)例：A.Hewasilllastweek.(形)B.Keepquiet,please!（形）C.Ifeelverywelltoday.(形)D.Themooncaketasteslikethepie.(介短)E.LiLeibecameasoldier.(名)F.Thefoodhasgonebad.(形)G.Thebreadfeelshard.(形)H.LiLeifellilllastMonday.(形)I.Inspring,theweathergetswarmandthetreesturngreen.(形)注意：常见连系动词：1).be动词2).keep(保持),stay(保持),remain(保持)等3).感官动词：feel(感觉/摸上去),look(看上去),seem(似乎),appear(看上去),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。（注：主语和感官动词常呈被动关系）4).表“变化”的动词：become(成为),turn(变得),get(变得),grow(长得),go(变得), fallill(生病),fallasleep(入睡),cometrue(实现)等。5).其他：prove(证明),stand(处于某种状态)等4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(双宾语)（+状语）(S+V+InO+DO)***间接宾语一般是人，直接宾语一般是事或物；谓语为双重及物性动词。例：A.Tomshowedmehisnewbook.(=Tomshowedhisnewbooktome.)常见的能接双宾语的动词并可以to引起间接宾语的词：bring,lend,pass,hand,offer,write,tell,teach,send,post,sing,show,sell,return,read,pay,give,throw,take等。B.IboughtJimapresent.(=IboughtapresentforJim.)常见的能接双宾语的动词并可以for引起间接宾语的词：bring,book,build,fix,buy,cook,cut,find,get,design,fetch,keep,leave,make,order,paint,pick,prepare,save,sing,take,win,write,play,mend等C.Wewishedthemasafejourney.例：I’llgiveittoKate.而不能说I’llgiveKateit.5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(复合宾语)（+状语）(S+V+O+OC)，谓语为复合及物动词例：A.TheycalledtheirbabyKate.(名词)常见此类用法的动词：make,name,call等。B.1).Theglasseskeepoureyessafe.(形容词)IthinkithardtostudyChinesewell.Don’tleavethedooropen.Canyoumakethematterclear?常见此类用法的动词：make,get,think,find,leave,feel,wash,cut等。2).WhenIwenttoLiLei’shome,Ifoundhimout/in.(副词)C.MissLitoldustoreturnthelibrarybookontime.(带to不定式)常见此类用法的动词：ask,tell,want,like,wouldlike,get,teach,wish,help等。D.LingFengmadethebabynotcryanymore.(省略to的不定式)Ioftenwatchtheboysplaygames.常见此类用法的动词：have,let,make;feel,find,see,watch,hear,notice,observe,suggest,lookat,listento,help等。E.Iwatchthemplayinggames.(现在分词)I’vekeptyouwaitingsolong.Wedidn’tseeanyofthedeerleft.(过去分词)常见此类用法的动词：feel,hear,see,watch,find,notice,observe,have,make,keep,leave等。注意：1).动词不定式作宾补，常表示宾语所做动作的全过程并已结束。现在分词作宾补，常表示宾语所做的动作正在发生或进行中。例：A.Iwatchedthemjustnow.Theyplayedfootball. →Iwatchedthemplayfootballjustnow.B.Iwatchedthemjustnow.Theywereplayingfootball.→Iwatchedthemplayingfootballjustnow.2).现在分词作宾补，常表示宾语和动词是主动关系并且动作正在进行。过去分词作宾补，常表示宾语和动词是被动关系并且动作已经结束。例：Isawthelittleboyleavinghishomeforschool.Isawthelittleboyleftaloneinthelonelyhouse.F.Ican’tleavethechildintheroom.(介词短语)6.therebe(lived---)+主语+状语结构是一种特殊的简单句倒装句型(就近规则)例：Thereisatableandtwochairsintheroom.Therelivedapoorfarmerinthevalleylong,longago.简单句*练习*1.我们正在田野里卖力地劳动着。Weareworkinghardinthefield.(S+Vi)他们在高兴地说笑着。Theyaretalkingandlaughinghappily.2.他们昨晚帮助我们干家务活了。Theyhelpeduswiththehouseworklastnight.(S+Vt+O)他们在仔细听老师讲课。Theyarelisteningtotheteachercarefully.3.李雷看上去身体比以前强壮多了。LiLeilooksmuchstrongerthanbefore.(S+V+P)高老师的声音听起来很优美。MissGao’svoicesoundsverywonderful.4.请你把那本图画书给我带来。Pleasebringmethatpicture-book.(S+Vt+InO+DO)Pleasebringthatpicture-booktome.我已经给她写三封信了。Ihavewrittenherthreeletters.Ihavewrittenthreeletterstoher.去年母亲为我买了一辆新自行车。Mumboughtmeanewbikelastyear.Mumboughtanewbikeforme.你哥哥为你做了一个风筝吗？Didyourbrothermakeyouakite?Didyourbrothermakeakiteforyou?高老师教我们英语。MissGaoteachesusEnglish.5.我们应保持自己快乐与健康。Weshouldkeepourselveshappyandhealthy.(S+Vt+O+OP)我发现学好汉语很难。IfinditveryhardtolearnChinesewell.我听见一个小女孩唱歌了。Iheardalittlegirlsingsongs.他看到那些孩子在跑向河边。Hesawthosechildrenrunningtotheriver.父亲想让我成为一名教师。Fatherwantsmetobe/becomeateacher.6.教室有一男孩和三女孩。Thereisaboyandthreegirlsintheclassroom.(there+be/stand)一棵大树矗立在教室前面。Therestandsatall/bigtreeinfrontoftheclassroom.ModuleTwo一．词语链接1.friendn.–friendshipn.(关系)2.personn.–personaladj.-personallyadv; 3.personal–public；close–far(adj.反义词)4.foreignadj.–foreignern.5.relatev.-relationn.-relativeadj.loneadj.-lonelyadj.-lonelinessn.6.sometimes,sometime,sometime与sometimes※sometimes“有时”，频度副词；提问用howoften。SometimesIgotoschoolonfoot.–Howoftendoyougotoschoolonfoot?sometime“某时”，常用于指过去、现在或将来的某时间点；提问用when。YoucanbringyourfriendsforavisittoRadioBeijingsometimenextweek.sometime“一段时间”可用于不同时态；提问用howlong。Hewaitedforthebusforsometime.sometimes“一些次”，用于指次数。针对其提问用howmanytimes。IhaveeverbeentoBeijingsometimes.HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentoBeijing?注意：针对howmanytimes问句的答语：一般只能出现次数，而不能出现单位时间。-Howmanytimesdoyougototheparkinaweek?-Igotherethreetimes.而howoften问的是频率，答语中必须用表频率的副词或单位时间的次数(而不能直接单独用次数来回答)Howoftendoyougotothecinema?Ioftengotothecinema./Igotothecinematwiceamonth.※1.pair与couplepair表示由两部分构成的一个整体事物。(整体视为单数)Apairofglassesislyingontheground.couple表示任何两件同类的独立事物。(整体视为复数)Acoupleofboysarehelpingtheoldmancarrythebox.Theywillbebackinacoupleofweeks.(=severalweeks)2.lonely与alonelonely形容词，“孤独的”，作表语或定语，有感情色彩。例：Iwasverylonely,andafraidtomakefriendswithanyone.Thepooroldmanhaslivedinthislonelyhousefor30years.alone形容词，“单独的”作表语，无感情色彩；定语，置被修饰词后面。例：①Ifyouthinkyou’relonely,youmightalwaysbealone.②Whenweenteredthehall,wefoundthischildalone(=onlythischild).③Sheisaloneathome,butshedoesn’tfeellonely.④Iwasabit______atfirst,butpeopleherearefriendly,soIamnever____anymore!副词，“单独地”，(=byoneself)修饰行为动词，作状语。例：Doyoudare(敢)tostayinthisroomalone?Doyouoftenstayathomealone?3.noone,nobody与nonenone即可指代人，也可指代事物，表示“没有一个(人/东西)”，可作主/宾语等。后可跟of短语。作主语时，如其指代的是复数名词，谓语用单、复数都行(强调整体时谓语常用复数；强调个体时则常用单数）；如其指代的是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。常用来回答howmany或howmuch以及特定范围的问题。(强调数量) 例：1.-Howmanyofthewomenarenurses?–None(ofthemis/are).（主）2.-Howmuchwaterisleftinthebottle?–None(ofitis).（主）3.-Whichoftheboysplaysfootballwell?–None(ofthemdoes).（主）4.Arethereanystudentsintheclassroom?-None.（主）5.Iunderstoodnoneofthequestions.(宾)6.Noneofuslike/likesit.(主)nobody和noone都指代人，做主语时，谓语用单数，后面不跟of短语。常回答who和不确定的问题，在句中做主语或宾语。(强调人)例：1.Luckily,nobody/noonewashurtinthisaccident.（主语）2.-Whowenttothezoolastweek?.–Nobody/Noone(did).（主语）3.Icanseenobodyintheroom.（宾语）4.Asaresult,nooneknewwhoIwas.（主语）4.believe例：Idon’tbelieveLiLeihasbeentoEngland.(否定形式的转移)believesb.与believeinsb.believesb.相信某人（相信某人所说的话是真的）believeinsb.信赖某人（相信某人的品质）例：Hetoldusthenews,weallbelievehim,butfewofusbelieveinhim.二．短语及句式结构1.holdtheline_____________2.rightnow____________;justnow_______________3.whether---ornot_________4.infact_______________5.acoupleof____________6.(be)closeto---___________aclosefriend____________7.feellike(doing)sth.______8.bytheway_____________9.faraway_________10.makefriendswith___________11.beafraidtodosth.与beafraidofdoingsth._______________/_________________beafraidtodo(因害怕而不敢做)Thelittlegirlisafraidtogooutaloneatnight.beafraidof(doing)sth.(因做某事而害怕；害怕做某事)Sheisafraidofmakingthesamemistake.beafraid+that从句(恐怕---，委婉的说法)I’mafraid(that)I’llbealittlelateforthemeeting.12.worryabout___________=beworriedabout_________13.atthatmoment__________14.daybyday_____________15.atfirst________________-atlast__________________16.takeamessagefor_______leaveamessagefor________17.personalquestions________18.(be)differentfrom_______________19.waitforsb.todosth._____________________20.everytime=eachtime____________21.feelsth/sb.do/doing______________________feelsb./sth.do(表示感觉到动作的全过程，且该动作已经发生完成了) Thenursefeltthewoundedsoldiermove.feelsb./sth.doing(表示感觉到动作正在发生，且该动作正在持续)Motherfeltthebabyrollingonthebed.feelsb./sth.done(表示感觉到宾语被------，宾语和宾补之间成被动关系)Shefeltherbacktouchedbyahand.22.worryaboutsth._________________worrysb.withsth.______________________worrythat从句________________beworriedabout---_____________________23.smileback__________________24..awaytodo=awayofdoing_________________Onewaytofindapenfriendistojoinaclub.Canyoufindabetterwayofsolvingthisproblem?25.invitesb.todo__________invitesb.to+地点_________invitesb.to+活动________26.hearsb.do/doingsth.___________feelsb./sth.do/doingsth.________27.asusual_____28.turnback______29.smileat_______30.comeover(todo)_______31.remember+doingsth.(记得曾经做过某事)Iaskedhimwhyhesmiled,buthecouldn’tremembersmilingatme.Iremembermeetingheratapartyonce.remember+todo(记住要做某事)Remembertoshutthewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.32.not---anymore___________(=nomore，说明次数和程度上不再发展)Herparentsdidn’tworryaboutheranymore.Herparentsworriedabouthernomore.(常用于句尾)not---anylonger___________(=nolonger，说明时间上不再延长)Icannotwaitforhimanylonger.Icannolongerwaitforhim.(常用于句中)33.cometoanend___________34.staythesame__________35.atthedesk___________※1.rightaway=atonce________2.laughat__________3.giveadvicetosb._________4.Goodluckwithsth._______Goodlucktosb._______5.Itdoesn’tmatter.__________三．重点句子1.Heregoes(ourconversation/ourinterview).(倒装句)2.WelcometoChina!(v.Welcomesb.to+地点。“欢迎某人到某地”)(givesb.awelcome.=giveawelcometosb.n./Youarewelcome.adj.)3.OurlastpublicconcertwillbehereonStarsearchinacoupleofmonths.They’recomingovertovisitmeinafewmonths.(in+一段时间，表“------时间之后”，常用于将来时，问时用howsoon)4.IknowthatforeignersfindChinaverydifferentfromtheirowncountries.(different---做宾补；own“自己的”，用于形容词性物主代词后，表强调)5.Whatdoesitfeellike?=Howdoesitfeel?(问对方对某事的看法，常用What+does+主语（物）+feellike？like后接名/代词或v-ing) WhatdoesitfeelliketobeatschoolinChina?(it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语)Whatdoessurfingfeellike?(冲浪的感觉是什么样的？)Herskinfeelslikesilk.Itfeltlikeanearthquake.(另外，whatdoyouthinkof---?/Howdoyoulike---?也可用来询问某人对某事物的看法)*注：sb.+feellike(doing)sth.=sb.wouldlike(todo)sth.Ifeelverythirsty,soIfeellikedrinkingsomewater.6.Whydon’tyoubringallyourfriendsforavisittoRadioBeijing?=WhynotbringallyourfriendsforavisittoRadioBeijing?7.Whenwasthelasttimeyoufeltunhappy?(定语从句)8.Howcanyoumakeotherpeoplefeelhappy?(省略to的不定式做宾补)Itmademefeelhappy,livelyandwarm.9.Every(each)timeIheardtheotherstudentstalkingandlaughing,Ifeltmyheartbreak.(hearsb.doingsth.；feelsb.dosth.现在分词/不定式做宾补)10.Ididn’twantmyparentstoworryaboutme.(不定式做宾补)11.Suddenly,Ifeltthetouchofsomethingbrightandfriendly.(不定代词的定语需后置)12.Daybyday,Ibecameclosertoeveryoneinmyclass.13.Iaskedhimwhyhesmiled,buthecouldn’tremembersmilingatme.14.NowIbelievethattheworldiswhatyouthinkitis.(宾语从句+表语从句)15.Smileattheworldanditwillsmileback.16.WhatdoyouthinkisthemostdifficultthingforaforeignerlivinginChina?(现在分词短语作后置定语)17.Mylongfriendshipwithsomeoneiscomingtoanend.(进行时表将来)18.Stampcollectorswritetopeopleindifferentcountriessothattheycancollectthestampsontheletterstheyreceive.(目的状从；定语从句)19.Mostpeoplejustenjoymakingfriends,andtheyinvitetheirpenfriendstovisitthem.(不定式做宾补)四．语法：TheObjectClause.(宾语从句)(见课本148-149页)1.陈述句做宾语从句，连词为that。①I’veheard(that)youplayinyourschoolorchestra.②Sherealizedthatit’simportanttosmileatpeople.注意:(1)变人称(2)变时态2.一般问句做宾语从句，连词为whether/if。①Doyouknowif/whetherSallyMaxwellhasarrived?CanIaskyouifyoumisstheUK,oryourrelations?②Iaskedyoursecretarywhethershecouldcomeornot.注意:(1)变人称(2)变时态(3)变语序(陈述句的语序)a.如果句子中有be动词或情态动词，只把be动词或情态动词与主语交换位置。b.如果句子中有助动词(do,does,did)，要把助动词去掉，动词发生相应的变化。3.特殊疑问句做宾语从句，不需要加连接词。①Canyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?②-Canyoutellmewhosingsthissong?–Yes,it’sRobbieWilliams.(不明身份用it) ③NooneknewwhoIwas.④Doyouknowwhattimetheshopopens?注意:(1)变人称(2)变时态(3)变语序(陈述句的语序)4间接表达直接引语内容用不定式作宾语补足语的形式①tellsb.(not)todosth.(语气一般)“Don’tbelatenexttime.”MissYangsaidtome.-MissYangtoldmenottobelatenexttime.②asksb.(not)todosth.(语气客气)“Openthedoorforme,please.”Shesaystome.-Sheasksmetoopenthedoorforher.③ordersb.(not)todosth.(语气强)“Standstraight!”thecaptainsaidtothem.-Thecaptainorderedthemtostandstraight.注意：变化后的句子是简单句,不是复合句（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）.注意事项:(1)宾语从句的标点符号要看主句。(2)could不是过去时态，是更委婉。(3)宾语从句的时态要看主句，若主句为现在时，从句可以选择所需的时态；若主句为过去时，从句要选择相应的过去时态。※如果从句表述的是真理，客观事实等，永远用一般现在时。五．话题：TalkingaboutFriendship.HowtoMakeTelephoneCalls.宾语从句(TheObjectClause)在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。动词、介词和形容词都可以带宾语从句。例：1)Ithink(that)hecandothejobwell.2)Didshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework?3)I’mnotsurewhether/ifI’llhavetime.学好宾语从句要过好三道关：*第一关，选好连接词（也叫关联词）。引导宾语从句的连接词。1.连词that：只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词义，口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。（连接陈述句；信息完整，不表疑问）(主句动词常为表肯定概念的观点、看法、意念、要求等，如：believe,feel,hear,hope,expect,explain,prefer,promise,report,say,see,think,understand,wishwarn等)例：1）Heknew（that）heshouldworkhard．2）Iamglad（that）you’vepassedtheexam．2.连词whether或if：起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，口语或非正式文体中多用if。（连接一般/选择疑问句/反义疑问句；信息完整，但有疑问，用if/whether）(主句动词常为表疑问意义的观点、看法、意念、要求等，如：ask,wonder,wanttoknow,don’tknow,can’tremember等)例：1)Doyouknowwhetherhewillridehereat8tomorrowmorning？2）Tomdidn’tknowif／whetherhisgrandpalikedthepresent．作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用法上差别较大，同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用 whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。（whether比if用得广）例：3）HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming．他问我是否要来。（该句中的whether不能换成if，因为if不能与or连用）**注意：在下列情况下，一般用whether而不用if:A.在介词后，作介词的宾语：Wedidn’tthinkaboutwhetheritwouldrainthenextday.B.后跟不定式构成不定式短语：Shecan’tdecidewhethertogettheretomorrow.C.与or…not连用：Idon’tknowwhetherheisfreeornot.D.提出两种选择时：Tellmewhetherit’saboyoragirl.E.在discuss,consider,decide后:Wediscussedwhetherwewouldgotherethenextweek.F.宾语从句位于句首时：Whethertheplanewillarriveontime,wearenotsure.G.引导主语、表语或同位语从句时：WhetherhewillgotoBeijinghasn’tdecidedyet.温馨提示：当用会if造成误解时，常用whether而不用if。例：Pleasetellmeifhewillarrivetomorrow.(是否，最好换成whether)Pleasetellmeifhearrivestomorrow.(如果)3.A.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which：起连接作用，作句子成分，各有意义。例：1）Theteacheraskedthenewstudentwhichclasshewasin？（which引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰class，意为“哪个”）2）Canyoutellmewhatheissaying？(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作say宾语,涉及说话内容)A.连接副词when,where,why,how：起连接作用，分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，各有其自己的意义。例：1）Iwonderwherehegotsomuchmoney．（where在从句中作地点状语，修饰got，意为“哪里；什么地方”）2）Hedidn’ttellmehowoldhisfriendwas．（how引导宾语从句，作程度状语，修饰old，意为“怎样；如何”等意）(注意：信息不完整，缺句子成分，有疑问，用特殊疑问词。)友情提示：当连接词是whether或特殊疑问词而且主句主语或宾语与从句的主语一致时，常可变为“whether/特殊疑问词+不定式”的形式作宾语（此时为简单句）例：1.Shecan’tdecidewhethershewillgettheretomorrow.->Shecan’tdecidewhethertogettheretomorrow.2.ShetoldmewhatIshoulddonext.->Shetoldmewhattodonext.**第二关，宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。特别强调的是，它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序(包括疑问词作句子的主语)，不是疑问句的倒装语序。例：1)Youmustrememberwhatyourteachersaid．2)Dad,doyouknowwhenthefootballgamewillstart？3)Canyoutellmewho（whom）wehavetosee？4)Couldyoutellmewhichisthewaytothepostoffice,please?5)DoyouknowwhatwaswrongwithTomlastweek?6)Wouldyoupleasetellmewhat’sthematterwiththeboy?( 第4-6句疑问词做主语)(提示：what’sthematter---为习惯表达，无论是独立问句抑或为从句，语序常保持不变)错句的错误往往出在宾语从句中误用疑问句的结构——主语前加个助动词do。因为我们已经习惯了特殊疑问句，如：whattimedoestheplanearriveinParis？就顺口说出“DoyouknowwhattimedoestheplanearriveinParis？”这种错误句子来。但是一旦我们注意了，不久就习惯于说“DoyouknowwhattimetheplanearrivesinParis？”了。***第三关，注意时态的呼应。宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。例：误：Ithought（that）youarefreetoday．正：Ithought（that）youwouldbefreetoday．错句中宾语从句用are很可能是因为有today，但因为主句谓语是thought，所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时wouldbe了。这种时态的呼应，如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制。如果主句时态是过去时，宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。例：1）Hethoughthewasworkingforthepeople．2）IheardshehadbeentotheGreatWall．3）Johnhopedthathewouldfindajobsoon．*注意:A.宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等，则不变化：例：Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun．Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.B.Could/Wouldyou(please)tellme------?句式表客气委婉的现在时而非过去时，宾语从句根据具体情况用相应的时态：例：CouldyoutellmewhetherLiLeihasgonetoCanada?*注意：1.如直接引语是祈使句时，须以相应的不定式作宾语补足语的形式表达。1).MrsZhaosaidtome,“Openthedoor,please.”->MrsZhaoaskedmetoopenthedoor.2).Mothersaidtome,“Don’tplaywithfire”->Mothertoldmenottoplaywithfire.3).“Standstraight!”thecaptainsaidtothem.->Thecaptainorderedthemtostandstraight.2.感叹句变为间接引语时，宾语从句的引导词仍然用what或how引导。注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变；也可使用that引导的宾语从句（引述动词常为say,tell,cry,shout等不含疑问意义的动词）例：Wesaid,“Whataclevermonkeyitis!”Wesaidwhataclevermonkeyitwas./Wesaidthatitwasaclevermonkey.*注意：在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式，而将主句的谓语动词think等变为否定形式(即否定转移)例：Idon’tthink(that)youarewrong,areyou?(主句以第一人称I/we做主语时，反义问句与从句的主谓呼应)Hedoesn’tbelieve(that)Annisill,doeshe?(主句以第二、三人称作主语时，反义问句与主句的主谓呼应)(巧记方式：“一从宾句，二三从主句”；相信“自己”，怀疑“别人”) 小结：(一)连接词1).陈述句用引导词that（可省略）连接2).疑问句A.一般疑问句用引导词if或whether连接B.否定的一般疑问句用引导词whether---ornot连接C.选择疑问句用whether---or---连接D.反义疑问句用whether---ornot连接E.特殊疑问句用原来的疑问词连接3).感叹句用原来的how或what连接（语序不变，时态适当调整）4).祈使句用不定式做宾补(二)语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。特别强调的是，它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序(包括疑问词作句子的主语)，不是疑问句的倒装语序。(三)时态的呼应宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约：如果主句谓语是现在时、将来时或祈使句的时候，宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制；如果主句时态是过去时，宾语从句一般要改为相应的过去时（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。宾语从句强化专项练习()1.Youcan’timagine___________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited()2.MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.whereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived()3.-WhatareyousearchingtheInternetfor?–I’mtryingtofindout_________.A.howmanypersonshavediedinIraqB.what’sthedifferencebetweenSARSandBirdFluC.whyisn’tourChineseteamabletobeatKoreaD.howprotectourenvironment()4.–Couldyoutellme_______tomorrowmorning?–Well,itwillstartat9:00o’clock.A.whenthemeetingwillstartB.wherewillthemeetingstartC.wherethemeetingwillstartsD.whenthemeetingwouldstart()5.LingLing’sparentswantedtoknow___________.A.howisshestudyingatschoolB.howdidsheworkatherlessonsinclassC.ifsheisgoodatherlessonsinclassD.ifsheworkedhardatherlessonsatschool()6.-Couldyoutellme________?-Sorry,Idon’tknow.I’mnewhere.A.wherethehistorymuseumisB.whereisthehistorymuseumC.HowcanIgettothehistorymuseumD.whatplaceisthehistorymuseumin()7.Couldyoutellme_____tothescienceMuseum? A.whichbusIshouldtakeB.IshouldtakewhichbusC.howcanIgetD.whichbusshallItake()8.Iwondered___________.A.howtheywerewaitingforB.whomtheywerewaitingC.whoweretheywaitingD.whotheywerewaitingfor()9.Idon’tknow____________.A.whatthepopulationofTianjinisB.whatisthepopulationofTianjinC.howmuchthepopulationinTianjinisD.howmuchisthepopulationinTianjin()10.Myfathertoldme______hewouldgotoJapanthenextmonth.A.whatB.thatC.ifD.where()11.Nobodyknows_____helookssoworried.A.whatB.howC.whyD./()12.Shedidn’tknow_____backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.whyhewillbeD.hewill()13.Shedidn’ttellme________.A.whichroomdidheliveinB.whichfloorhelivedonC.whichroomhelivedD.helivedinwhichhouse()14.Whentheblindmentouchedtheelephant,eachofthemtrustedthatheknew________.A.howitlookedlikeB.howwasitlikeC.whatwasitlikeD.whatitwaslike()15.Wehavenoideaatall________.A.wheredidhegoB.wherehehasgoneC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone()16.-Canyouguess_______theMP4playeryesterday?-Sorry,I’venoideaaboutit.A.howmuchdidhepayforB.howmuchhepaidforC.howcanhegetD.howhehasgot()17.Couldyoumakesure________?A.whenthebuswouldleaveB.ifthebushadleftC.whenthebusleavesD.wherehasthebusgone()18.-Thetrainisleavingrightnow,butDavidhasn’tarrivedyet.-Don’tworry.Hesaidhe____hereontime.A.couldn’tcomeB.willbeC.wouldcomeD.canbe()19.Ourteachertoldustheearth_____roundthesun.A.hasgoneB.wasgoingC.wentD.goes()20.Couldyoupleasetellme_______?A.wheretheCentralStationisB.howfartheCentralStationwasC.howcanwegettotheCentralStationD.whenwastheCentralStationbuilt()21.Doyoustillremember_____atthemeeting?A.whatdidhesayB.whathesaidC.thatdidhesayD.thathesaid()22.-Canyouguessifthetwins____toourparty?-Ithinkthey’llcomeifthey____free.A.come;areB.willcome;willbeC.willcome;areD.come;willbe ()23.-Ihearyou____abroadonce.–Yes,I____toAustraliaforameetinglastyear.A.went;havebeenB.havebeen;wentC.go;wentD.havebeen;havebeen()24.-Katewantstoknowif____apicnictomorrow.-Yes.Butifit____,we’llgototheshoppingmallinstead.A.youhave;rainsB.youwillhave;willrainC.youwillhave;rainsD.youhave;doesn’train()25.Thechildrenasked_______.A.wheretheywillgoB.whattheywoulddonextC.whencouldtheygoD.howdidtheygetthere()26.-Whoknows____heis?–Theysayheismuchbetterthesedays.A.whatB.whoC.howD.where()27.Wearenotsurehowmanypeople____intheearthquakelastyear.A.arekilledB.arebeingkilledC.werebeingkilledD.werekilled()28.Makesure______UncleGreenisathomeornotbeforeyoucallonhim.A.whenB.howC.ifD.whether()29.Sheaskedme____weshouldhaveapartythere.A.ifB.thatC.whereD./()30.-WhatdidMissGreensayonthephone?-Shaasked______________.A.whydidn’tIjoinherpartyyesterdayB.didIenjoytheirperformancelastweekC.couldItakepartintheirpartytomorrowD.whyIdidn’tcometotheirEnglishevening()31.Hesaysthatoneofhisstudents____tothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassendingD.willbesent()32.Theshoe-sellerasked_________.A.whatIwantB.whatcolourdidIlikebestC.whatsizeIworeD.whatsizedidIwear()33.Ididn’tbuyaticketforyoubecauseIthought_____thefilmbefore.A.thatyouhavewatchedB.youhadseenC.thatyouwouldseeD.youhaveseen()34.Pleasegoandfindout__________.A.thatthebuswillarriveB.whywillthebusarriveC.whenthebuswillarriveD.whenwillthebusarrive()35.Hesaidthathe_____inthisschoolforthreeyearsalready.A.taughtB.hasbeenateacherC.hasstudiedD.hadstudied()36.Wecanlearn______wedidn’tknow.A.whyB.thatC.whatD.how()37.-Look!Someoneiscoming.Let’sguess_____.–It’sLiuJun.She’salwaysontime.A.whocanitbeB.whoshemaybeC.whoitcanbeD.whoshewillbe()38.TheBrownsareonholiday,butnooneknows______________.A.whichcountryaretheyfromB.whataretheygoingtodoC.wheretheyhavebeenD.wheretheyhavegone ()39.Doesanybodyknowif___toLondoninthemorningnextMonday?A.wasthereaflightB.therewasaflightC.thereisaflightD.isthereaflight()40.I’mnotsure_____it’sagoodwaytosolvetheproblem.A.ofB.whatC.howD.if()41.I______he______gotherebyhimselfnextweek.A.suppose;won’tB.don’tsuppose;willC.didn’tsuppose;wouldD.suppose;isn’tgoingto()42.Wehopedhe______backbeforealltheguests________.A.willcome;leftB.wouldcome;wouldleaveC.wouldcome;leftD.came;wouldleave()43.Couldyoutellme___wewillhavethepicnicthisweekend?A.thatB.whenC.whatD.where()44.Idon’tknow______hehasseenthefilmornot.A.thatB.weatherC.whetherD.if()45.I’mnotsure_________me.A.thathewouldagreewithB.whetherhewouldagreetoC.ifhewillagreewithD.whyheagreeto将下列简单句合并为含宾语从句的复合句1.Hecanfinishhisworkontime.Hetoldme---.2.DoesLiLeihavelunchatschool?Mr.Liasks---.3.WhathasLiFeidonewiththeeggs?Doyouknow---?4.“DoyougototheparkorvisityourfriendsonSunday?”LinTaoaskedme---.5.“Whenwillthebookcomeout?”Lucywondered---.6.“Lilydoesherhomeworkatschool,doesn’tshe?”Couldyoutellme---?7.“What’reyoudoing?”LiLeiaskedLinTao---.8.“Doesthemoontravelaroundtheearth?”LiLeiaskedMissZhao---.9.“What’swrongwithyou,Kate?”Annasked---.10.“Whataheavyrainitis!”LinHaisaid.ModuleThree一．词语链接：1.win与lose；beat与lose(to) win+比赛/战争/荣誉：Theywonthefootballmatchatlast.lose+比赛/战争/荣誉：Theylostthefootballmatchby2:3.(loss为名词)beat+人/队伍(对手)：Webeatthematlast,wewereallwildwithjoy.loseto+人/队伍(对手)：It’sapitythatwelosttotheteamfromNo.2MiddleSchool.2.win–winner;listen–listenerv.-n.(人)3.reportn.＆v.-reportern.(人)4.everybody=everyone5.preparev.–preparationn.6.hate–love(反义)7.explainv.–explanationn.8.weekn.–weeklyn./adj./adv.9.sound,noise与voicesound含义最广，可指一切可以听到的“声音”；常指自然界产生的声音。Let’sdoasoundcheck.Verysoonheheardthesoundoffootsteps.noise“噪音；吵闹声”，常指不悦耳/和谐的声音。Thereissomuchnoiseinthehall,Icanhardlyhearyoutalking.voice“嗓音”，常指人的说话声或比喻中的“声音”。Shetalkedwithmeinalowvoice.Let’slistentothevoiceoftruth.VoiceofAmerica(美国之音)10.seem的用法(注意下面三个句子可互换转换)①seem+adj.Themanseemedill.(seem是系动词)②seem+tobe+adj.Themanseemedtobeill.(以下seem是不及物动词)seem+todosth.Heseemstofinishhishomeworknow.③It+seems/seemed+that从句Itseemedthatthemanwasill.Itseemsthathefinisheshishomeworknow.注：第二组与第三组互为同义句转换④There+seem/seems/seemed+主语+其他Thereseemstobeabookonthedesk.Thereseemedtobeagirlinthedarkness.11.weekly的用法Wepreparedtheweeklyprogrammes.(每周的adj.)HaveyoufinishedtheexercisesinEnglishweekly?(周刊n.)Wegetusedtodoingthecleaningweekly.(每周地adv.)12.look+adj.与looklike+n.Helooksveryyoung.Helookslikeadoctor.13.need的用法(1)名词it’snoneedputtingoffthemeeting.(2)实意动词Heneedstocleanhisroom.Thedesksneedrepairing/needtoberepaired.(3)情态动词-Needhedohishomeworknow?-Yes,hemust./No,heneedn’t.-MustIcleantheroomnow?-Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.二．重要短语：1.lookout(for)___=becarefulof/about；becarefulwith(小心处理)2.prepare(sth.)for ________3.make/score/kickagoal___________4.hate(doing)sth._____________5.lookdown(at)_____________________6.askfor(sth.)_________asksb.for________7.closedown________________8.ontheradio__________9.thescoreof_____________10.wouldlike(todo)sth.____________wouldlikesb.todosth.______________________例：I’dliketobeasportsreporter.Wouldyoulikemetogotothebookshopwithyou?11.take/showsb.aroundsomeplace_______________12.enjoydoingsth.______________13.comethisway____________14.needtodosth._______15.keepdoingsth.__________16.theendof_______________;theendingof_____________17.feelaboutdoing______18.agreewithsb.___________agreeto---______________agreeon---_________________agreewithsb.同意某人看法:Doyouagreewithmethatfox-huntingisacruelsport?agreetosth.同意某事:Theyallagreetoourstudyplanatonce.agreetodosth.同意做某事：HeagreestogotoShanghaiwithustomorrow.agreeonsth.就--取得一致意见:Weagreeonthepriceforthesecond-handcar.(协议)agree+that从句DoyouagreethatSallyisahero?19.looklike---_________20.attheageof---_________21.inperson________=personallyHewillcomeinperson.=Hewillcomepersonally.Icametothepostofficetopickup(领取)theletterinperson.22.seem+adj.；seemtodosth.；it+seem+that从句（参上面）23.learnabout____________24.lookoutof__________25.dothecheck______________26.begin---with__________-endwith____________27.belikelytodosth.___________28.abookon---____________29.startoff_____________30.makesure_______________31.theorderof---____________32.theresultof---________33.runningmachine_______34.twoandahalfhours_________=twohoursandahalf35.healthcare______________36.getin_________37.havesth.forbreakfast_______38.onhishomepage____________三．重点句式： 1.Don’tmentionit!(=Notatall./That’sallright./You’rewelcome.)-Thankyouforyourhelp!-Don’tmentionit.2.Remembertolookoutfortheredlight!(remembertodosth.)Iremembersittingclosetotheradiointhelivingroom,listeningtomyfavouriteprogrammes,andtothevoicesofmyfavouritepresenters.(rememberdoingsth.)Lookoutforspellingmistakeswhenyoucheckyourhomework.(becarefulof/about)3.What’sthescoreoftheChina–Englandmatch?4.We’dliketothankyoufortakingusaroundRadioBeijing.Ienjoyshowingvisitorsaround.5.Wedecidewhattolistento---andwhotosee.(疑问词+todo形式作宾语)6.HowdoesChenHuanfeelabouttakingthemaround?7.Theweatherreporttellsit’sgoingtorain(动词)orbesunny(形容词)tomorrow.It’sgoingtobesunny.Itisn’tgoingtorain.8.Itseemedthattheywerespeakingtomeinperson.9.Attheageofnine,Iaskedforjobsinsmallradiostations.10.AsIgrewolder,myinterestinradiogrew.11.Ididthisbylookingoutofthewindow.12.Justtellmewhatyouhadforbreakfast.(宾语从句)13.Allradiopresentersbeginworkwiththesamequestion.14.Andthiswashowmyfirstrealjobinradiobegan.(表语从句)15.It’ssometimesdifficulttounderstandtheorderinwhicheventshappened.(定语从句)16.Whatwilltheweatherbelike---?=Howwilltheweatherbe?17.Let’slistentothelatestnewstofindouttheresultofthefootballmatch.18.Doyoulikeothersportsaswellasfootball?19.Howdoyouprepareforatest?20.HowdoesKatetrytogivetheshowapersonalfeeling?21.Whenit’son,youhavetobequiet.22.Hedevelopedacleverradiothatworkswithoutbatteriesorelectricity.(定语从句)23.Peoplebegantolistentotheradio,notonlyforentertainment,but(also)toeducatethemselves,too.四．语法：VerbsFollowedby–ingFormorInfinitive(to+v.与v.-ing作宾语)(参课本149-150页)五．话题：GivingAdviceandWarnings;TalkingaboutMemories.动词不定式和动名词作宾语的部分用法区别说明：一般来说，不定式表示将来的动作或行为状态，而v.-ing形式表示经常性的、一般性的动作或行为及正在进行的动作或行为。1.goondoingsth.继续做(同一件)事情V-ing动名词→宾语(=goonwithsth.) 例：Jackgotupquicklyandwentonrunning.goontodosth.(某件事做完后)接着做另一件事不定式→目的状语例：Afterlisteningtothemusic,hewentontowritethewords.goonwithsth.中间有暂停情况(接名/代词)，常与goondoingsth.互换例：Let’sgoonwithourstudy.2.stopdoingsth.停止做某事(=notdosth.)V-ing动名词→宾语例：Theystoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.stoptodosth.停下(某事)去做另一件事(=begintodosth.)不定式→目的状语例：Theyweretired,sotheystoppedtohavearest.3.trydoingsth.尝试做某事V-ing动名词→宾语例：Hetriedsingingthissong,buthefailed.trytodosth.努力/设法做某事不定式→宾语/目的状语例：Wearetryingtofinishourworkontime.4.forgetdoingsth.忘了(已做过的)某事V-ing动名词→宾语(做了)例：Iforgotsendinghimapostcard.forgettodosth.忘记(应该做的)某事不定式→宾语(未做)例：Iforgottosendhimapostcard.5.rememberdoingsth.记得(已做过的)某事V-ing动名词→宾语(做了)例：Iremembersendinghimapostcard.remembertodosth.记着(应该做的)某事不定式→宾语(未做)例：Iremembertosendhimapostcard.6.begin/start/continuedoingsth.与begin/start/continuetodosth.基本一致例：Soonmyfriendsatjuniorhighschoolstartedtolistenandtheywantedtohelp.后跟不定式，多表示情况发生变化，而动名词则表示有意识的行为。例：1.Suddenlyitstartedtorain.2.Westartedworkingontheprojectin2004.7.like/love/hate/dislikedoingsth.常表示习惯或经常性的动作例：Ilikeswimminginsummer.like/love/hate/disliketodosth.常表示一次具体的动作例：Hehatestostayinthezootoday.8.want/need/require+doing主语为事物，与doing是被动关系(=want/need/requiretobedone)例：Thisbikeneedsrepairing.=Thisbikeneedstoberepaired.want/need+todosth.主语是人或其他动物，与todo是主动关系例：Theyneedtowearwarmclothes.9.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.=preferdoingsth.todoingsth.(喜欢做前者而不喜欢做后者)IprefertolearnEnglishratherthanplaythepianoonSunday.=IpreferlearningEnglishtoplayingthepianoonSunday.10.usedtodo与be/getusedtodoingusedtodo“过去常常/曾经做某事”Iusedtogetuplate,butnowIgetupearly. (to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形，usedto只能用于过去时)be/getusedto“习惯于------”Youwillbeusedtothelifeinthiscity.Areyouusedtogettingupearlynow?(to介词，后面接动词时用动名词，即v-ing，beusedto可用于各种时态)注意：payattentionto,lookforwardto,makeacontributionto,prefer---to---,beusedto---(习惯于),giveone’slifeto---等结构中，to是介词，后面接动词时须接v-ing形式。说明：不定式常作动词want,hope,wish,expect,like,love,hate,need,try,learn,plan,pretend(假装),deserve(注定),decide,fail,agree,happen,prefer,prepare,afford,seem,offer,help,choose,begin,start,continue,forget,remember,mean,promise,refuse,wait,dare,wouldlike,makeupone’smind,usedto等的宾语。※如果不定式作find,think,feel等动词的宾语而且其后面有宾语补足语时，则要用“it”作形式宾语，不定式后置。例：Hefounditverydifficulttogettosleep.(形式宾语)(真正宾语)动名词作动词或介词的宾语：①作动词或短语advise,stop,finish,practise,begin,start,enjoy,need,suggest,mind,forget,remember,regret,imagine,miss(错过),keep,can’thelp,keepon,giveup,putoff,payattentionto,lookforwardto,makeacontributionto,prefer---to---,beusedto---等的宾语1.Haveyoufinishedreadingthisnovel?2.Wouldyoumind(my/me)openingthewindows?3.Wecouldn’thelplaughingwhenweheardthis.②作介词或含介词的短语的宾语例：1.Heisgoodatswimming2.Thankyouforteachingussowell.3.I’msorryfornotbeingabletocomeearlier.4.I’musedtoreadingbymyself.③做某些形容词的宾语例：1.Heisbusycooking.(主动意)2．Thebookis(well)worthreading.(被动意)动词不定式与动名词专项练习()1.Atthatmomentsheseemed______astrangevoiceoutsidethewindow.A.heardB.tohearC.hearD.hearing()2.Theboysdeserved_______thematchbecausetheyweretooconfident.A.loseB.lostC.losingD.tolose()3.“MrZhu,you’dbetter____toomuchmeat.You’realreadyoverweight.”saidthedoctor.A.nottoeatB.toeatC.eatD.noteat()4.Ifinished_______thebooklastFriday.A.readingB.watchingC.lookingD.seeing()5.–Whatshallwedothisafternoon?-Why_____totheGreatWall?–Good idea.A.notgoB.nottogoC.don’tgoD.younotgo()6.Hehasmadeuphismind______Englishwell.A.learningB.tolearnC.learnsD.learnt()7.It’snotdifficult_____________thebadhabit.A.ofmetogiveupB.ofmegivingupC.formetogiveupD.formegivingup()8.Keep_____Englisheveryday,andyouwillbebetterthananybodyelseatit.A.practisingreadingB.practisingtoreadC.topracticetoreadD.practisereading()9.I’llgetthem_______________you.A.toagreewithB.toagreetoC.agreeingwithD.agreeingto()10.It’sverynice_______picturesforme.A.ofyoutotakeB.foryoutotakeC.foryoutakingD.ofyoutaking()11.Thelittleboywantedtoridehisscooterinthebusystreet,buthisparentstoldhim___.A.nottodoB.notdoC.don’tdoD.notto()12.Remember_______yourseattoanolderpersononthebus.A.givingB.togiveC.giveD.gives()13.Idon’tenjoy_________withhim.A.tobeB.tostayC.beingD.beingstaying()14.Heranintotheroom_________thegirl.A.savingB.tosaveC.savesD.saved()15.Ittookusalongtime_______Hawaiibutwethoughtthejourneywasenjoyable.A.togetB.toreachC.gettingD.reaching()16.Theworkerwastired,sohewantstofindachair________.A.tositB.tositonC.tositonitD.onittosit()17.Iremember_______totheradio,itwassuchapieceofgoodnews.A.listenedB.tolistenC.listeningD.tohear()18.Ireallydon’tknow_____________next.A.howtodoB.whattodoitC.whattodoD.howtodoaboutit()19.IfyouwanttotalkinEnglish,youmustoftenpractice__________English.A.speakB.tospeakC.speakingD.spoke()20.Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetoopieces.Ireallydon’tknow_________.A.wheretodoB.whattochooseC.whichtochooseD.howtodo()21.Wewereamazed________theexcitingnews.A.tohearB.hearingC.hearD.heard()22.Stop______,please!We’regoingtobeginournewlesson.A.totalkB.talkingC.totalkingD.talks()23.Wesawher___________thehouseandgoupstairs. A.enterB.toenterC.enteredD.entering()24.Peoplehavefoundsomenewways_________ourenvironment.A.toprotectingB.protectC.toprotectD.protects()25.Ilike____________,butIdon’tlike__________rightnow.A.hiking;hikingB.tohike;tohikeC.hiking;tohikeD.tohike;hiking()26.Theoldmanforgot______theletter,infact,hepostedityesterdaymorning.A.postingB.topostC.postedD.toposting()27.Afterthediscussion,thestudentsaskedtheirteacher______next.A.whichtodoB.whattodoC.howtodoD.whattodoit()28.Wehaveworkedforthreehours.Nowlet’sstop____________arest.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.having()29.It’simportant________thepianowell.A.ofhimtoplayB.forhimtoplayC.ofhimplayingD.forhimplaying()30.Thispairofshoesneeds_________,it’swornout.A.tomendB.tobemendingC.mendingD.bemendedseem与look的用法区别seem可用作连系动词或不及物动词，意为“似乎；好像”，其常见用法归纳如下：1.主语+seem+（tobe）+表语，表语多为名词或形容词，有时是其他的词或短语，以说明主语特征或状态。Tomseems（tobe）averycleverboy.汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。Themanoverthereseems(tobe)anewteacher.那边的那个人看上去像一个新老师。MrBlackseemed(tobe)quitehappy.布莱克先生好像十分快乐。Thissmalltownseems(tobe)changedalittle.这个小城镇似乎有点儿变化。Everythingseems(tobe)easy.一切似乎很容易。2.seem+名词Heseemed(tobe)anhonestman.他看上去像是个老实人。Thisseemedtous(tobe)anidealplan.我们感到这是个完美的计划。3.主语+seem+不定式，此句型中的seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。MrsGreendoesn’tseem（或seemsnot）toliketheidea.格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。Thechildrenseemedtobeeatingsomethingintheroom.孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。Theyoungmanseemedtohavechangedmuch.这个年轻人看起来变化很大。Thismathsproblemseemstobeverydifficulttoworkout.这道数学题似乎很难解决。Iseemtohavecaughtacold.我好像是感冒了。4.seem+过去分词(表示被动意义)Ourteacherseemedstoppedbythequestion.我们的老师似乎是被那个问题难住了。Hisstoryseemedrevealed.他的谎言似乎已被揭露。5.seem+doing(表示主动意义)Nooneseemedthinkingthatway.似乎没人那样想。Sheseemedlackinginenthusiasmwhenweweretalkingaboutthatfilm.谈论那部电影时，她看来好像没多大热情。6.seem+like+n./V-ing，意思是"看起来像……" ItseemslikeyearssinceIlastsawyou.自从我上次见到你以后，好像是过了好几年。Thosecardsseemedlikesomanylittleflagsdottedabouttheschoolroom.卡片像许多小旗点缀着教室。7.There+seem/seems/seemedtobe+名词，意为"似乎有；好像有……"。其中tobe可省略。seem的单复数形式要根据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式而定。Theredoesn’tseemtobemuchhopeofourbeatingthatteam.看来我们战胜那个队没有多大希望。Thereseemstobenoworkforyoutodonow.看来现在没有工作需要你做了。Thereseemsnoneedtowaitlonger.看来没有再等的必要了。8.Itseems/seemed+that从句,其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。Itseemsthatheislying.看来他在撒谎。Itseemedthatnooneknewwhathappened.看来没有人知道发生了什么事。Itseemsthatnooneknowswhathashappenedinthepark.似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。ItseemstomethatMr.Brownwillnotcomeagain.在我看来布朗先生不会再来了。9.Itseems/seemed+asif从句(从句常用虚拟语气)Itseemsasifhewereinadream.看来他像是在做梦。Itseemedasifthegoodmanweretryingtoteachusallheknewatthislastlesson.这个好心人仿佛要在最后这一堂课上把他的全部知识教给我们。seem，appear和look的用法比较重要，同时又难以区分，请仔细比较和区分一、使用seem和appear的句型：1.Itseems／appears（tosb．）＋that-clauseItseems／appearstomethattheyareright．我觉得他们似乎是正确的。Itseemed／appearedthatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch．看来他好像很喜欢吃这种食品。2.Sb．／Sth．seems／appears＋todoHeseems／appearstobeamusician．他似乎是一个音乐家。Sheseemed／appearedtohavecaughtacold．她好像感冒了。（上述两种句型含义基本一样，都可作“看来／似乎是…”，二者可相互转换）Heseems／appearstohaveknownaboutthesecret.＝Itseems／appearsthathehasknownaboutthesecret．他似乎已知道这个秘密。3.Thereseems／appearstobeThereseemstobenodifficultiestobediscussed．看来没有什么难题要讨论。Thereappearstohavebeenamistake．好像有错误。二、使用look和seem的句型：1．Itlooks／seemsasif...表示“看起来…；似乎…”。使用该句型应注意的是：若从句表示的是很可能实现的事情，从句谓语用陈述语气；若从句表示的是与事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小的事情时，则从句谓语要用虚拟语气。Itseemsasifhehasbeenatthesceneofthecrime.似乎他好像在犯罪现场。Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifitwerebroken．如果把一枝铅笔的一部分放入水杯中，它看上去似乎是断了。 2．Sb.／Sth.looks／seemslikeThebuildinglookslikeaschool．这建筑物看起来像所学校。ItseemslikeyearssinceIlastsawyou．自从我上次见到你好像有几年了。三、seem，appear和look的区别：区别seem，appear和look虽都有“看起来像”的意思，但三者仍有差别。seem常含有基本接近事实的意义；appear多指从外表判断，一般与事实不符；look则着重指从外表而得到的印象，所得出的判断有可能与事实相符，也有可能与事实不符。ModuleFour一．词语链接：1.pressv.–pressuren.suggestv.-suggestionn.2.instructv.-instructionn.-instructorn.(人)–instructiveadj.3.memoryn.–memoris/zev.4.Irelandn.–Irishadj.5.lend–borrow;appear–disappear6.recordn.＆v.–recorder7.appearv.–appearancen.disappearv.–disappearancen.8.medicinen.–medicaladj.※1.borrow与lendborrowsb.sth.=borrowsth,fromsb./sp.(借入)lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.(借出)例：-MayIborrowyourruler,please?-Sorry,I’velentittoJim.IborrowedabookfromJimlastweek,butthenIlentittoLucy.2.advise与adviceadvice不可数名词；表示在某方面提供建议时，常与介词about,on搭配。例:1.apieceofadvice,threepiecesofgoodadvice2.Iwantyouradviceonthiswork.A.advisedoingsth.建议做某事SheadvisesgoingtoBeijingbyplane.B.advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事Whatkindoffooddoyouadvisepeopletoeatbecauseit’sgoodforthem?C.advise+(sb.)+that从句Headvised(us)thatweshouldobeythetrafficrule.(从句中用虚拟语气)D.advisesb.againstdoingsth.建议某人不要做某事Iadvisedheragainstdriving.E.advisesb.+疑问词+todoHeadvisedmehowtodrivethecar.3.suggestA.suggest+n.Hesuggestedaswim,andweallagreed. WhatdoesTony’smumsuggesttoTony’sDad?B.suggest+that从句Isuggestedthatitwouldbequickertotravelbytrain.C.suggestdoingsth.ShesuggestsgoingtoBeijingbyair.D.suggestsb.dosth.Shesuggestsmestopsmoking.4.surprising与surprisedv-ing与v-ed形容词的区别用法。v-ing形式的形容词，在句中作定语或表语，常用于说明事物的性质，含“主动性”。例：Theprogrammefortheweekendlooksexciting.(表语)Weallliketheexcitingprogrammefortheweekend.(定语)v-ed形式的形容词，在句中也可作定语或表语，常用于说明人的情绪，含“被动性”。例：Whatareyousoexcitedabout?(表语)TheexcitedchildrenareopeningtheirChristmaspresents.(定语)类似词：boring-bored,relaxing-relaxed,interesting-interested,moving-moved,surprising-surprised,amazing-amazed,disappointing-disappointed等等。6,pickup（动词+副词，宾语是代词时，放在中间）A.拾起Hepickedupthebookandtoldusaninterestingstory.B.（开车）接人Myparentsdrivetotheschooltopickmeupafterschool.C.获得Ipickedupthenewsontheinternet.二．重点短语：1.acopyof---______2.turnon_______-turnoff________(代词作宾语时，放在中间)3.comeon①呈现，亮着②快点=comealong/hurryup/bequick4.saveone’slife____________5.usesth.todosth._________6.takethevideo_________savethevideo_________playsth.back_______(代词中间)7.thekindofsnake_______8.borrowsb.sth.=borrowsth.fromsb./sp.________9.lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb._____10.arecordingfor-____________11.waitfor_____________12.send---byemail_________13.connect---to/with---_______14.playtheviolin______15.arecordingofsb.doing_____16.beimportantforsb.todosth.___________,beimportanttosth.___________________17.play---well______18.sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb._____19.bitesb.onthehand_____20.stay/keepcool____________21.holdontosth.__________22.textmessages_________textamessage________23.bereadytodosth.______24.takeaphotofor_________takeaphotoofsth.________takeone’sphoto________haveone’sphoto taken________takeaphotoforsb.替某人拍照(照片上不是某人本人)Idon’tknowhowtotakephotos,willyoupleasetakephotosforme?takeaphotoofsb/sth.给某人/事物拍照(照片上是某人本人)Myuncletooklotsofphotosofme.MayItakeaphotoofyourfamily?takeone’sphoto拍某人的照片I’mafanofthatmoviestar.Iwanttotakeherphoto/picture.haveone’sphototaken请别人给自己拍照IwanttohavemyphotostakenontheGreatWall.25.showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.______26.beonholiday___27.print---onto---_________28.notlongago________29.findout_________30.gettoknow________-know_______Wegottoknoweachotherin2004,that’stosay,wehaveknowneachotherfor4years.31.anInternetcafé________32.onbusiness___________33.aroundtheworld______34.get/receiveinformation_____________35.asksb.todosth._______________________36.dowith(处理，处置；以what为疑问词)WhatwillMobycarddowithyourphoto?(手机电子贺卡如何处理你的照片？)38.lookup__________（在字典、参考资料中）查找---(宾语为查找的内容，代词中间)Thisisanewword,lookitupinthedictionary,please.三．重点句子1.ChenHuanwantsarecordingforhisprogramme,andhelentmehisCDrecorder.2.Howdoesitwork?3.Ifyouwanttoturnontherecorder,pressthebluebutton.4.Let’stry,shallwe?(let’s，指包括在场的双方在内，因而用shallwe)Letustry,willyou?(letus，指不包括在场的双方在内，因而用willyou)(反义疑问句)5.WhydoyouwanttosendChenHuanarecordingofKylieplaying?(动名词，与Eylie呈主谓关系)6.Whatdotheydotofindouthowitworks?7.Howdotheyknowifit’sworking?8.Ifasnakebitesyou,takeaphotowithyourmobilephone.Iftheredlightdoesn’tcomeon,waitforthirtyseconds.Ifyouneedtosendanemail,usemycomputer.Ifyoudon’tknowhowtousethecamera,readtheinstructions.Whenyouarereadytorecord,presstheredbutton.(主将从现)9.Suddenly,asnakeappeared---andbithimonthehand.英语中常见的一种约定俗成的特殊结构，即：当表示身体部位的名词充当介词的宾语时，常用定冠词the来限定这个名词，而不使用物主代词。在这一用法上有两个前提：①the+表示身体部位的名词必须是介词的宾语 ②the前必须有身体部位所有者充当动词的直接宾语。动词+宾语+in/on/by等介词+the+身体某一部位（前面用the而不能用物主代词）例：Ihithimintheface.(柔软部位)Thesnakebithiminthearm/leg.Hehitthetallmanonthenose.(坚硬部位)Theboyledthecowbythenose.Hepattedmeontheshoulder.Thetallboypulledthepoorchildbythehair.10.Iwenttotrytopickitupanditbitmeagain.11.Ithrewitacrossthekitchen,anditlandedinthefridge.12.Anyway,MrJacksonstayedcoolandhetookaphotoofthesnakewithhismobilephone.13.Doctorcouldn’tsaywhatwaswrongbecausetheydidn’tknowwhatkindofsnakeitwas.(what’swrongwithsb./sth.结构中，what本身是句子主语，在作宾语从句时语序无变化)14.Followtheseinstructionsforthebestresults.15.Tocopyyourrecording,connecttherecorderto/withyourcomputer.16.Nowyoucanuseyourmobilephonetosendpersonalpostcards.17.Takeaphoto,textamessageandsendittoMobycard.18.Wewillprintyourpictureontoacard,putyourmessageontheback,andpostthecardtoyourfriend!19.WhatwillMobycarddowithyourphoto?20.IdecidedtotakeaphotoofitandlookitupwhenIgothome.21.Thegreenlightdidn’tcomeon.22.IforgotIturneditoffnotlongago.(turnon/off,代词作宾语，放在中间)23.TherearealsocomputersconnectedtotheInternetlike---.(过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动)24.PeopletravellingonbusinesscangototheInternetcaféandcontacttheofficeiftheyneedtosendareportorgetinformation.(travellingonbusiness现在分词短语作后置定语，表主动)25.Peopletravellingonholidaycansende-postcards,getinformationabouthotelsandtransport,orasktheirparentstosendthemmoremoney.26.Thefirstcomputer-and-coffeeshopopenedinLondonin1994.27.Whereveryouare,youcangotoanInternetcafé.(wherever=nomatterwhere)28.Youcanhaveacupofcoffeeandsendamessagehome.(home，副词，前面不出现介词)四．语法;Adverbialclausesofcondition.(if引导的条件状语从句)（课本P150页）条件状语从句：常由连词if,unless(如果不=ifnot),solongas(只要),sofaras(就------)等引导，if从句可放在主句前，也可放在主句后。 例：1.We’llgototheparkifitdoesn’train.=We’llgototheparkunlessitrains.2.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiessolongaswearecloselyunited.3.Ifyoudon’thurry,you’llbelate.(=Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.)4.Ifyougetupearly,you’llcatchthebus.(=Getupearly,andyou’llcatchthebus.)5.HesaidthathewouldvisittheGreatWallifhewasfree.注意事项：1.条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，主句与从句时态保持一致。当主句是将来时(或含情态动词的现在时，或主句是祈使句)，从句常用一般时来代替将来时(即“主将从现”)。2.例3-4的句型转换技巧：主句不变化，连词用and的，祈使句变为条件状语从句，保持不变。连词用or的，祈使句变为条件状语从句，句式互为相反。五．话题：ExplainingHowThingsWork;GivingInstructions.ModuleFive一．词语链接：1.able–unable,honest–dishonest,shame–pride,shameful-proud(反义词)2.shamen.–ashamedadj.(人)shameful/shamelessadj.(事)-shamedadj.(人)3.warnv.–warningn.;refusev.-refusaln.;realizev.-realizationn.4.finaladj.–finallyadv.5.punishv.–punishmentn.provev.-proofn.;stealv.-stealingn.6.trueadj.–truthn.–trulyadv.;honestadj.-honestyn.-honestlyadv.;honest-dishonest(反义词)7.terribleadj.–terriblyadv.8.shelf-shelves(复数)※1.can与beabletoA.表示能力时，can和beableto意思相同。但can只有现在式和过去式(could)；而beableto可以有多种时态形式，并有人称和数的变化。Icanjustridethebicyclenow,butI’msureIwillbeabletodriveacar.Ifyoudon’ttellher,shewon’tbeabletohelpyou. IcouldrideabikewhenIwasattheageoffive.HanMeiwasabletocooknicedishes,butnowsheisn’t.B.could常可用于表说话委婉、客气的现在时的句子中。CouldIborrowyourbike,please?Couldyoutellmehowtogothere?2.beat与winwin+比赛/战争/荣誉：Didtheywin?(vi.)TheChinesewontheanti-Japanesein1945.(vt.)(用主动式)lose+比赛/战争/荣誉：Howdidyoulosethegame?beat+人/队伍(对手)：Webeattheminthegame.TheFrenchteamwasbeateninthefirstround.(可用被动式)loseto+人/队伍(对手)：It’sapitythatwelosttothegirls.3.offer的用法offertodosth.主动提出做某事Iofferedtohelp,butherefused.offersth.提供某物Anneofferedagoodsuggestion.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.Heofferedmeacupofcoffee.4.so与suchso“如此，这么”，表程度的副词，常用于修饰形容词或副词。常出现somany/much(这么多)，sofew/little(这么少)等的短语。1).somany/few+可数名词复数：Withsomanypeoplecominginandout,Ijustcan’tgettosleep.TherearesofewthingsintheshopthatIseldomgoshoppingthere.2).somuch/little+不可数名词I’veneverseensomuchmoney.Hehassolittlemoneythathecan’tbuyapairofnewshoes.such“如此的，这么的”，表程度形容词，常修饰名词。不与many/much(多)、few/little(少)连用。1).such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数I’veneverreadsuchaninterestingbookbeforethatIwanttoreaditoncemore.2).such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词Theyaresuchbadboys.Nobodywantstomakefriendswiththem.Theyaresuchlittlechildrenthatnoonebelievewhattheysaid.(little是“小的”意思)Thereissuchbadweatherinthisplacethatfewpeoplecometostayhere.二．重点短语：1.beableto_________2.refusetodosth.__________3.beproudof_________________4.alltogether_________5.attheendof_____________6.wouldratherdothando______7.take(sth.代)off__________8.atleast_____-atmost________9.pocketmoney______10.afterall___________11.helpsb.withsth.______________12.hurryup____________ 13.playthesolo___________asoloof___________14.inthebackground______________15.ratherAthanB________16.warnsb.aboutsth.___________17.sendsb.away______18.oneday___________19.achancetodosth.________=achanceofdoingsth.________20.dowellin____________=begoodat_______________21.tellsb.thetruth__________22.usesth.fordoingsth.____________=usesth.todosth.23.gowrong_______________24.decidedtodo______25.copy---onto(美)---________26.makesure_________________27.haveavirus______________28.makeamistake_______________29.beangrywithsb.__________beangryat/aboutsth.____________30.saveupmoney____________31.onone’swayto---____________________onone’swayhome______________________32.spendtimedoingsth.____________33.getsb.todosth.__________34.insteadof__________35.seesb.dosth.______________-seesb.doingsth.____________________36.dosth.wrong_________37.findout_______38.be(un)happyaboutsth.____________behappytodosth.________________39.feelsorryforsb./sth.____________________40.beimportanttosb./sth._____________41.getintotrouble(withsb.)________________getsb.intotrouble____________42.inthepast________43.in---case______________incase_________44.ateamof________________45.newsonair___________________1.warnsb.nottodosth.警告某人别做某事Wewarnedthemnottogoskatingonsuchthinice.warnsb.of/about(doing)sth.警告/提醒某人注意某事Thegovernmentwarnedpeopleabout/ofthestorm.Theywarnedusofpossibledanger.Theyhavewarnedhimaboutnotworkinghard.warn+that从句Theweatherstationwarnedthatastormwascoming.warnsb.againstsb./sth.Shewarnedusagainsthim.2.wouldratherdosth.thandosth.(rather与than后都接动词原形)Tomwouldratherlivealonethanstaywithsuchamanlikehim.3.toomuch,toomany与muchtoo toomuch太多的，too用于加强语气，突出“过于”。修饰不可数名词（或单用）。Youhavewastedtoomuchtime.YoumeanIeattoomuch(food)?toomany太多的，too用于加强语气，突出“过于”。修饰复数可数名词（或单用）。Therearetoomanypeopleinthiscity.muchtoo“太------”，much用于加强语气，修饰形容词或副词（不能单用）Heismuchtoofat,forheeatstoomuch.4.beproudofsb./sth.与beproudtodosth.beproudofsb./sth.为某人/事而骄傲WeareproudofYangLiwei.Jackisveryproudofhismodelplane.beproudtodosth.为做某事而骄傲I’mproudtobeyourfriend.5.makesure的用法makesure+that从句Makesurethatyouhaveturnedoffthegasbeforeyougotobed.makesure+of短语Hewantstomakesureofthetimeandplaceforthemeeting.makesure(单用)Ithinkyouareright,butyou’dbettermakesure.6.instead与insteadofinstead“取而代之；而是；可是；相反”，副词，位于句首或句尾作状语。（有时不必译出，所在句子表肯定）Heistired.Letmegoinstead.Hedidn’tanswermyquestion.Instead,heaskedmeaquestion.insteadof---“代替------；而不是-----”介词短语，位于句中，后面必须接词语。（有时不必译出，insteadof后表否定）Iwillgoinsteadofhim.(代词作宾语:宾格)I’lldoittomorrowinsteadoftoday.(名词作宾语)Heaskedmeaquestioninsteadofansweringmyquestion.(动名词作宾语)Theywentthereonfootinsteadofbybus.(介词短语作宾语)Thatincreasedinsteadofdecreasedourcourage.(相同动词形式作宾语)IwouldliketoreadbooksinsteadoftodoshoppingonSunday.(不定式作宾语)7.seesb.dosth.,seesb.doingsth.与seesb./sth.doneseesb.dosth.看见某人做了某事（全过程，并且动作已经结束）Isawhimenterthebuilding.seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事（动作正在发生）Isawhercryingjustnow.seesb./sth.done看见某人或某事被------（过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动）Idon’twanttoseeyoubeateninthegame.8.dosth.wrong(做错某事)–dosth.right(做对某事)Youdiditwrong.Ican’tthinkwhatIhavedonewrong.(针对所做的事情用what提问)Idon’tknowhowtodoitright.(“做正确的事情”用dotherightthings)三．重点句式：1.WhydoesTony’sdadthinkTonywillrefusetogotoclasses?(refusetodosth.) Sherefusedtoletmewearthembecauseshewantstokeepthemnewforher16thbirthdayparty.2.OneofusplaysasoloofsomeIrishdancemusicattheendoftheStarsearchConcert.3.Ratheryouthanme!(你行，我可不行！)-I’vegottohavetwoteechoutnextweek.–Ratheryouthanme.(我可不拔)rather---than---可连接两个动词，表示“宁可---，也不---”（两个词后都接do原形）Hewouldratherdiethansurrender(屈服).4.IfKyliebeatsyou,she’llplaythesoloandbecomethestaronStarsearch.(主将从现)5.Herparentshavewarnedheraboutherschoolwork.（warnsb.aboutsth.）Theyhavewarnedhimaboutnotworkinghard.（warnsb.aboutnotdoingsth.）6.Ifshespendstoomuchtimewiththeorchestra,they’llpunishherandsendhertoadifferentschool.7.That’sashame!It’sashame!Whatashame!(shame=pity)It’sashameyouhavetoleavesosoon.(主语从句)Ohit’sraining.Whatashame!8.Iseetheproblem!9.I’llhaveanotherchanceoneday.AndI’llkeepmybestfriend.10.Ifyoutellhimthetruth,he’llbeangrywithyou,butatleastyou’llprovehowhonestyouare.11.Myfatherhadwarnedmenottousehiscomputerforplayinggamesbecauseheusesitforhisjob.(warnsb.nottodosth.；usesth.fordoing)12.Wemadequitesuremyfatherdidn’tnoticeanything.13.It’sgoingtobeexpensivetomendit.(不定式做真正主语)14.ShouldIoffertopay?15.Youusedyourdad’scomputerwhenhetoldyounotto.(不定式做宾补，to后的动词如与前面相同，可省略，但to不能省略)16.Ifyouoffertodosomejobsaroundthehome,ormaybehelphimwithhiswork,he’llrealizethatyou’retrulysorry.17.Heshouldtellhisfatherthetruthanddosomejobstopayforit.18.Heshouldtellhisfathertomendthecomputer.(tellsb.todosth.)19.Ifyoudon’tlisteninclass,youwon’tunderstandwhattodo.(疑问词+todo作宾语)20.What’sup?Youlookreallyunhappy.(What’sup?=What’sthematter?)21.Thatwasniceofher.(对人评价用of引出主语)22.Idon’tthinkanyonewillbeabletodothat.(否定转移)23.Thatdoessoundserious.(does助动词用于肯定句，起强调作用；sound+adj.系表结构)Andhedoesworkhard–it’sjustthathedoesn’tunderstandthework. (一般现在/过去时的肯定句中谓语动词前加助动词do/does/did,起加强语气或强调作用)24.TheysayIspendtimeplayingbasketballwhenIshouldbestudying.(将来进行时)25.Myunclehasofferedtohelpmetrain,buthowcanIgetmyparentstoagree?(offertodosth.;helpsb.dosth.;getsb.todosth.)26.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthelibraryinsteadoftidyinguptheshelves.27.Isawsomeone(frommyschool)comeintothelibraryandstealabook.(seesb.dosth.)28.Hesawmedoingmyhomeworkinsteadofmyjob.(seesb.doingsth.)29.Ifyoutellanyone,I’lltelleveryonewhatyouweredoingwrong.(dosth.wrong)30.MybestfriendLindaandIbothloveactingandsinging.(both用于行为动词前)31.Hewantsmetolethimcopymyhomework.(wantsb.todosth.;letsb.dosth.不定式做宾补)32.MyfriendPeterfindsmathsverydifficult.(形容词作宾补)33.Katedoesn’ttellthemanagerabouttheboystealing.(stealing的逻辑主语是theboy)34.Inmanycases,theproblem,aswellastheanswers,arenotreal,butarewritteninanewspaperormagazineoffice---.35.TherearealsosimilarpagesavailableontheInternetthesedays,andreadersareinvitedtoemailforadviceaboutaproblem.(available定语，后置)36.HethinksthatifIplaygamesonit,it’llgowrong.Histelevisionhasgonewrongagain.Followtheseinstructionsandyoucan’tgowrong.四．语法：AdverbialClausesofCondition.(if引导的条件状语从句)（课本150-151页）(1)if状语从句(一般现在时),主句(祈使句)(2)if状语从句(一般现在时),主句(一般将来时)五．话题：DescribingProblems;GivingAdvice.RevisionmoduleA一．词语链接：1.energyn.–energeticadj.2.paid–unpaidadj.二．重点短语：1.thekeyto---__________2.giveaninterview__________3.ontheradio____________4.keepadiary__________5.theradiostudio___________6.smileatsb._____________7.beinterestedin________8.findout_______9.beon____10.followtherule________11.winaprize_______12.beproudofsb./sth.________13.invitesb.todosth._________14.learnaboutsth.________15.play(sth.)back__________16.watchsb. doing_______17.feellike________18.atthesametime_________19.makeacollection_____________20.putsth.on_________21.travelaroundtheworld________22.startwith__________23.asaresult__________24.newsonair_________25.belikelytodo_______________26.asortof---__________三．重点句式：1.Mothertriesnottoworry,butshecallsmethreetimesaday.2.DamingwashappytohearthatChinawonthematchagainstEngland.3.Attheendofthevisit,theythankedChenHuanforshowingthemaroundthestudios.4.We’llfindoutwhowonthecompetitionthisafternoon.5.Canyoutellmewhentheprogrammeison?6.Heshowedmehowtousethecamera.7.Ifyouwanttowriteatextmessage,followthebasicrules.8.Ifyouhaveaquestion,callmeonmymobilephone.9.Wecanwatchourteamwinningagain.Thenwecanrememberwhatitfeelslike.10.I’mthefirsttoknowaboutimportantnewsstories.11.I’vetalkedtopeopleingovernment,aswellasfamoussportsmenandsportswomenandfilmstars.12.Iaskpeopletotellmeabouttheirlives.Iwanttoknowhowtheyfeel.13.AlotofpeoplewanttoworkinTVnews,soyouhavetobeenergeticandcreative.14.Wheneveryoneelsewasill,Ireadthenewsonair.(else修饰不定代词，定语后置)15.Whatsortofpeopledoesthewritertalkto?16.WhatdoyouneedtolearntobeaTVreporter?四．语法：1.简单句型(A1.)2.todo与doing与动词的搭配(A2.3.)A.不定式常作动词want,hope,wish,expect,like,love,hate,need,try,learn,plan,pretend(假装),deserve(注定),decide,fail,agree,happen,prefer,prepare,afford,offer,help,choose,begin,start,continue,forget,remember,mean,promise,refuse,wait,dare,suggest,wouldlike,makeupone’smind等的宾语。※如果不定式作find,think,feel等动词的宾语而且其后面有宾语补足语时，则要用“it”作形式宾语，不定式后置。例：Hefounditverydifficulttogettosleep.(形式宾语)(真正宾语)动名词作动词或介词的宾语：①作动词或短语advise,stop,finish,practise,begin,start,enjoy,need, forget,mind,remember,regret,imagine,suggest,miss(错过),keep,can’thelp,keepon,giveup,putoff等的宾语例：1.Haveyoufinishedreadingthisnovel?2.Wouldyoumindopeningthewindows?3.Wecouldn’thelplaughingwhenweheardthis.②作介词或含介词的短语的宾语例：1.Heisgoodatswimming2.Thankyouforteachingussowell.3.I’msorryfornotbeingabletocomeearlier.4.I’musedtoreadingbymyself.③做某些形容词的宾语例：1.Heisbusycooking.(主动意)2．Thebookisworthreading.(被动意)B.动词不定式和动名词作宾语的部分用法区别说明：一般来说，不定式表示将来的动作或行为状态，而v.-ing形式表示经常性的、一般性的动作或行为及正在进行的动作或行为。1.goondoingsth.继续做(同一件)事情V-ing动名词→宾语(=goonwithsth.)例：Jackgotupquicklyandwentonrunning.goontodosth.(某件事做完后)接着做另一件事不定式→目的状语例：Afterlisteningtothemusic,hewentontowritethewords.goonwithsth.中间有暂停情况(接名/代词)，常与goondoingsth.互换例：Let’sgoonwithourstudy.2.stopdoingsth.停止做某事(=notdosth.)V-ing动名词→宾语例：Theystoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.stoptodosth.停下(某事)去做另一件事(=begintodosth.)不定式→目的状语例：Theyweretired,sotheystoppedtohavearest.3.trydoingsth.尝试做某事V-ing动名词→宾语例：Hetriedsingingthissong,buthefailed.trytodosth.努力/设法做某事不定式→宾语/目的状语例：Wearetryingtofinishourworkontime.4.forgetdoingsth.忘了(已做过的)某事V-ing动名词→宾语(做了)例：Iforgotsendinghimapostcard.forgettodosth.忘记(应该做的)某事不定式→宾语(未做)例：Iforgottosendhimapostcard.5.rememberdoingsth.记得(已做过的)某事V-ing动名词→宾语(做了)例：Iremembersendinghimapostcard.remembertodosth.记着(应该做的)某事不定式→宾语(未做)例：Iremembertosendhimapostcard.6.begin/start/continuedoingsth.与begin/start/continuetodosth.基本一致例：Soonmyfriendsatjuniorhighschoolstartedtolistenandtheywantedtohelp.后跟不定式，多表示情况发生变化，而动名词则表示有意识的行为。 例：1.Suddenlyitstartedtorain.2.Westartedworkingontheprojectin2004.7.like/love/hate/dislikedoingsth.常表示习惯或经常性的动作例：Ilikeswimminginsummer.like/love/hate/disliketodosth.常表示一次具体的动作例：Hehatestostayinthezootoday.8.want/need/require+doing主语为事物，与doing是被动关系(=want/need/requiretobedone)例：Thisbikeneedsrepairing.=Thisbikeneedstoberepaired.want/need+todosth.主语是人或其他动物，与todo是主动关系例：Theyneedtowearwarmclothes.9.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.=preferdoingsth.todoingsth.(喜欢做前者而不喜欢做后者)IprefertolearnEnglishratherthanplaythepianoonSunday.=IpreferlearningEnglishtoplayingthepianoonSunday.10.usedtodo与be/getusedtodoingusedtodo“过去常常/曾经做某事”Iusedtogetuplate,butnowIgetupearly.(to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形，usedto只能用于过去时)be/getusedto“习惯于------”Youwillbeusedtothelifeinthiscity.Areyouusedtogettingupearlynow?(to介词，后面接动词时用动名词，即v-ing，beusedto可用于各种时态)注意：payattentionto,lookforwardto,makeacontributionto,prefer---to---,beusedto---等结构中，to是介词，后面接动词时须接v-ing形式。说明：不定式常作动词want,hope,wish,expect,like,love,hate,need,try,learn,plan,pretend(假装),deserve(注定),decide,fail,agree,happen,prefer,prepare,afford,offer,help,choose,begin,start,continue,forget,remember,mean,promise,refuse,wait,dare,suggest,wouldlike,makeupone’smind,usedto等的宾语。※如果不定式作find,think,feel等动词的宾语而且其后面有宾语补足语时，则要用“it”作形式宾语，不定式后置。例：Hefounditverydifficulttogettosleep.(形式宾语)(真正宾语)动名词作动词或介词的宾语：①作动词或短语advise,stop,finish,practise,begin,start,enjoy,need,forget,mind,remember,regret,imagine,suggest,miss(错过),keep,can’thelp,keepon,giveup,putoff,payattentionto,lookforwardto,makeacontributionto,prefer---to---,beusedto---等的宾语 1.Haveyoufinishedreadingthisnovel?2.Wouldyoumind(my/me)openingthewindows?3.Wecouldn’thelplaughingwhenweheardthis.②作介词或含介词的短语的宾语例：1.Heisgoodatswimming2.Thankyouforteachingussowell.3.I’msorryfornotbeingabletocomeearlier.4.I’musedtoreadingbymyself.③做某些形容词的宾语例：1.Heisbusycooking.(主动意)2．Thebookis(well)worthreading.(被动意)3.宾语从句(要点)(A4.)①引导词：A.跟在believe,hope,tell,say,think等动词后，不表疑问，用连接词that。B.跟在ask,wonder,wanttoknow,findout等词后，表疑问，但不缺句子成分，用连接词if/whether；whether---or(not).C.跟在ask,wonder,tell,wanttoknow,findout等词后，表疑问，而且缺句子成分，根据疑问内容选择相应的疑问词做连接词。.②时态：A.主句为现在或表将来的祈使句，从句谓语根据表达需要确定时态。B.主句为过去时，从句用相对应的过去时态。C.主句有could/wouldyou---等含表委婉客气的问句句式，或者主句虽是过去时然而从句表示客观规律，从句时态保持不变(用一般现在时)。③语序：A.宾语从句用陈述语序(特别注意：疑问词做主语时语序始终不变)。B.句子的符号取决于主句。4.动词短语的搭配与运用。(A5.8.)5.if引导条件状语从句(用于主句为祈使句或主句是将来时的从句中，主将从现)。(A6.)五．话题：ModuleSix一．词语链接：1.wakev.–awakeadj.awake–asleep(反义词)2.sleepv./n.-sleepyadj.(困乏的)–asleepadj.(睡着的)3.actv.-actor/actress(演员)n.–action(动作)n.-actingn.(行为)；sailv.-sailor(人)n-sailing(行为)n.4.believev.–believableadj.worryv.-worriedadj.5.fightv./n.–fightingn.(行为)6.funn.–funnyadj.7.advicen.&v.–advisev.8.winv.–winnern.9.believable-unbelievable(反义)10.losev.-lostadj.11.romancen.-romanticadj.※1.among与betweenbetween“两者或多者中的每两者之间”，常与and连用，形成between---and---短语。Ican’tdecidewhichtochoosebetweenthetwo.LiLeisitsbetweenLinTaoandme.(作宾语时用宾格)Thereisafootballbetweenthetrees.among“多者之间”，后接表范围的名词或代词(集体意义名词或复数形式)，不与and连用。Sosheknowsthatshe’samongfriends.Hesitsamongthem.2.wake与awake wakev.醒来wakeup①vi.醒来②vt.唤醒Hewakesupearlyeverymorning,buthenevergetsupearly.Doyougetoutofbedassoonasyouwakeup?It’stimetogetup,wakehimup,please.(代词作宾语，放在中间)awakeadj.醒着的，清醒的常作表语be/keep/stayawake；作定语需后置。Thechildisawake,hedoesn’twanttobelateforthevisit.Hestayedawaketowaitforhischild.Theboyawakeismylittlebrother.（后置定语）3.gotobed,sleep,beasleep与sleepygotobed“上床睡觉”，强调动作；sleep“睡觉”，是gotobed的后续表结果的动作。例：LiLeiwenttobedatnineandnowheisstillsleeping.sleep也可作名词，如：haveagoodsleep(好好睡一觉)beasleep(asleep,形容词，常只能与be/fall搭配，作表语)，强调结果，不能用very修饰，只能用much,fast,sound等词修饰。例：1.Don’ttalkloudwhenothersareasleep.2.Thegirlisfast/soundasleep.3.Hefellasleepsoonafterhewenttobed.asleep作定语时，只能位于所被修饰的词后。例：Theboyasleepismylittlebrother.sleepy“困倦的”，形容词；可作定语、表语及宾语补足语。例：Hefeltsleepywhenhewasstudying.4.also,too,either,aswellalso比too更正式，只能用在肯定句中，一般紧紧靠近动词(多在动词之前，或be动词、助动词及情态动词之后)。too一般放在句末，或作为插入语放在句中，只能用在肯定句中，口语常与also通用。either用于否定句，放在句末。Myfatherisateacher,mymotherisalsoateacher.Myfatherisateacher,mymotherisateacher,too.(too,either与主句用逗号隔开)Myfatherdoesn’tgotoworktoday,mymotherdoesn’t,either.aswell“也；又”，常用于肯定句和疑问句的句尾作状语。Sheisasinger,andanactressaswell.Aretheycomingaswell?5.toomany,toomuch与muchtootoomuch太多的，too用于加强语气，突出“过于”。修饰不可数名词（或单用）。Youhavewastedtoomuchtime.YoumeanIeattoomuch(food)?toomany太多的，too用于加强语气，突出“过于”。修饰复数可数名词（或单用）。Therearetoomanypeopleinthiscity.muchtoo“太------”，much用于加强语气，修饰形容词或副词（不能单用）Heismuchtoofat,forheeatstoomuch.6.worryabout与beworriedabout（二者常可互换）worryabout常表动作；beworriedabout常表状态。about后接动词时用v-ing形式。Todayhedoesn’thavetoworryaboutmakingaliving.ButIamworriedaboutherbecauseshe’sunhappy. 7.except,exceptfor(=apartfrom),besidesexceptprep.“除去，除掉”(把------除外)，后可接名、代、介短、不定式或从句。(前后同类)AllofuslikethecomputergameexceptJim.(Jim不喜欢；except=but)Heseldomgoesanywhereexcepttohisoffice.Ithasnoeffect(作用)excepttomakehimangry.exceptfor“除------以外”，指排除某人或某事物的某种情况，其中for后的内容通常是句子所指内容的某方面，前后是整体与部分关系。(前后不同类，且前者包括后者)Yourpictureisgoodexceptforsomeofthecolors.Hiscompositionisgood,exceptforsomespellingmistakes.Exceptforoneoldlady,thebuswasempty.Theroadswereclearexceptforafewcars.besidesprep.“除了------（还有---）”(把------包括在内)，后可接名、代、介短、不定式或从句。AllofuslikethecomputergamebesidesJim.(Jim也喜欢)8.both的用法①Theyarebothverypopularandfamous,andtheybothactwellinthisfilm.(be动词后，行为前)②Weshouldbothcome.Thetwokidswerebothgiventwocakes.(情态动词或第一个助动词后)③Sheknowsusboth.(后置同位语)9.fight的用法①fightforsth.(为---而战斗)Peopleoftenhavetofightfortheirliberty(解放)andfreedom(自由).②fightagainst+sb./sth.(反击---)Theyfoughtbravelyagainsttheenemiesforthepeace(和平).=Theyandtheenemiesfoughteachother.③fightwithsb.(和---并肩作战)Wefoughttogetherwiththemagainsttheenemies(敌人).(和-------打架)Bobfoughtwithhisbrotheryesterdaysotheirmotherpunishedthem.④fightwithsth.(用---作战)Theyfoughtoppressors(压迫者)withallkindsofweapons(武器).10.although和though区别：A.在一般情况下，可以互换使用。只是though较普遍，常用于非正式的口语或书面语中，而although则较为正式。另外although语气比though重，常用以强调让步概念。 例：Though/Although my car is very old, I don"t want to buy a new one. 　　He insisted on doing it although/though I warned him not to. B.even能和though组合表示强调，但even不能和although组合，不能说even although.even though=even if(no matter if; though即使……也……) 　例： Even if/Even though we could afford it, we wouldn"t go abroad for our vacation. C.当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时，通常用though,而不用although。 　例： Though all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion. 　　Though everybody deserts (抛弃)you, I will not. D.though可以独立用作副词，常放在句末，意为all the same (还是；仍然)或however(可是；然而)，而although无此用法。 　例：She didn"t tell me what she had done, but I know it though. 　　It"s hard work. I enjoy it, though. E.though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装，而although从句则不能。 　例： Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning.  相同点： ①在although和though 引导的让步状语从句中，主句里不可用but，若要强调前后两部分的对比意义，可在主句前加yet或still。 　　例： Although/Though he has a lot of money, yet/still he is unhappy. 　　② although和though引导让步状语从句时，常采用省略形式。 　　例： Although tired (=Although he was tired), he kept on working.  　　The problem, though complicated(=though it is complicated), can be solved without much difficulty. 二．重点短语：1.comefacetofacewithsb._______(相当于副词)face-to-face(复合形容词)2.inone’sopinion____giveone’sopiniononsth.___________3.plentyof______4.takeplace________5.tellsb.todo____6.beawake___________7.bewithsb.___________8.closefriends_______9.explainsth.tosb.__________10.makefriends________11.atthecinema_______12.fightsb.________13.betruetolife.____________14.advisesb.todosth._______________15.besure________16.atypeof________17.enjoyoneself_______18.beclose/neartosb./sth.___________19.theUnitedKingdom______20.ontheTVshow__________21.too---todosth.________22.beworriedaboutsb./sth.________23.thinkof______24.therecordingof---________25.lookafter---(well)=take(good)careof---__________26.thereasonforsth.________27.thereportfor---________28.exceptfor---_______29.allweek______=thewholeweek30.besure(that从句)________31.joinsb.(insth.)________三．重点句式：1.Wheredoesittakeplace?2.Whattimeofdayisit?3.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemusic?(=Howdoesthemanlikethemusic?对---评价)4.Whatdoesthemantellthelistenerstodoifthey’reawake?5.Shesaid(that)shewaswithsomeclassmatesfromLondon,andthatshewasstudyingChinese.(and连接两个分句，第一个that可省略，而第二个that不能省略)6.Wasthatit?(就这些吗？)-That’sit.(就这样！)7.Hesaiditwasonatthestudentcinema.8.Here’smyculturereportfortoday.(倒装句)9.Theyarebothverypopularandfamous,andtheybothactwellinthisfilm,andmaketheir charactersbelievable.(both用于行为动词前，其他类动词后)10.Theycomefacetoface(副词短语)withsometerriblemen,andhavetofightthem.○Thetwoleadersatlastspokefacetoface.I’dliketotalktoyoufacetoface.Theteachercamefacetofacewithsuchaproblemforthefirsttime.11.Thefilmisn’ttruetolife,butit’sveryexciting,andsomeofitisveryfunny.12.It’sanenjoyablefilm,althoughinmyopinionthere’stoomuchfighting.例：Inhisopinion,we’rewrong.Who,inyouropinion,isthebestfootballplayerintheworldtoday?13.Butexceptforthat,it’sanexcellentfilm.Ididn’tlikethesingerbutotherthan(=exceptfor)that,Ithoughttheconcertwasexcellent.14.Ifyoudidn’tseeitwhenitfirstcameout,Iadviseyoutogoandseeitnow.15.Whatdoesn’tChenHuanlikeaboutthefilm?16.Thisis---ontheradio.17.Thereisplentyoffoodanddrink.18.Ibegyourpardon,orasksomeoneelsetoreporttoyou.(else后置定语)四．语法：直接引语和间接引语(参课本151-152页)五．话题：ReportingWhatWasSaidModuleSeven一．词语链接：1.off=awayfrom2.hardly=almostnot3.pull–push(反义词)4.crossv.=goacrossprep.---※1.cross,across与throughcrossv.=go/walkacross，动词“横穿”；(指从一边到另一边，动作在物体表面横/跨过)Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.acrossprep./adv.介词/副词“横/穿过”(强调动作在物体表面横/跨过)Alittleboyisrunningacrosstheroadbeforetheheavytraffic.(介词)ChinahasbuilttheGreatGreenWallacrossthenorthernpartofthecountry.Theriverissowide,canyouswimacross?(副词)Theshoestoreisacrossfromthebookstore.(鞋店在书店的对面)(副词)throughprep./adv.介词/副词“穿过”(表示从事物的中间穿过)例：Atunnelgoesthroughamountain.Heislookingthroughthewindow.(介词)Theguarddidn’tletusthrough.(副词)2.all与wholeall位于定冠词、代词、基数词前。AllthethreestudentshavegonetotheGreatWall. We’regoingtospendsometimedoingallourfavouritethings.whole位于定冠词后，而且后面接表整体意义的单数名词。Thebabykeptcryingthewholenight.Sowe’llseethewholeparkfromupthere.3.so与suchso“如此，这么”，表程度的副词，常用于修饰形容词或副词。常出现somany/much(这么多)，sofew/little(这么少)等的短语。1).somany/few+可数名词复数：Withsomanypeoplecominginandout,Ijustcan’tgettosleep.TherearesofewthingsintheshopthatIseldomgoshoppingthere.2).somuch/little+不可数名词I’veneverseensomuchmoney.Hehassolittlemoneythathecan’tbuyapairofnewshoes.such“如此的，这么的”，表程度的形容词，常修饰名词。不与many/much(多)、few/little(少)连用。1).such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数I’veneverreadsuchaninterestingbookbeforethatIwanttoreaditoncemore.2).such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词Theyaresuchbadboys.Nobodywantstomakefriendswiththem.Theyaresuchlittlechildrenthatnoonebelievewhattheysaid.(little是“小的”意思)Thereissuchbadweatherinthisplacethatfewpeoplecometostayhere.二．重点短语：1.wakeupvi._____/vt.____2.have(time)off____3.speaktosb.___4.suggestdoing___5.welcometosp._____________6.hearsb.doingsth.________7.allover(China)______8.walkaround---____________9.climbupto__________10.therestof______________11.ScenicandHistoricInterestArea_________12.behonestaboutsth._______13.squarekms_______14.befamousfor_______15.pointinto---________16.jumpupinto________17.gobackinto______18.hopeforsth._________19.takeacablecarupMount---_______________20.aviewof___________21.pullsth.off---_____________22.onthatnight_____________23.behappywithsth._____________24.leaveonealone(byoneself)_______25.makea---sound_____26.putsth.away____27.thetopof__28.becarefulnottodosth.__________________29.enjoydoingsth._______30.walkaround_________31.bepopularwithsb.__________32.shoutat/to_______33.getdressed(insth.)______34.asif______35.spendsometimeoff__________36.looklike_________37.take/bringsth.with sb.__________①hope与hopeforsth.hope+(todo)sth./that从句(没有hopesb.todosth.形式；而有wishsb.todosth.形式)例：IhopetogotoBeijingnextmonth./TomhopestocometovisittheBlacksinthenearfuture.Ihavebeenhoping(that)I’dhaveachancetoreadthenovel.-Doyouthinkhewillcometomorrow?-Ihopeso.(so可用来代替前面所述的内容)/Ihopenot.hopeforsth.(动词短语)后面接名词或代词作宾语。例：HowIhopedforhisspeedyrecovery(早日康复)!We’rehopingforgoodweather.②asif(连词短语)引导的从句常表所说情况不是事实，而是主观想象或夸大性的比喻，谓语动词用虚拟语气（谓语都用相应的过去时）。例：Theoldmachineoperatesasifitwereanewone.(从句，be用were；过去时表与现在相反)Shetoldmethestoryasifshehaddonethingslikethatmanytimes.(过去完成时表与过去相反)Shetookherfaceinherhandsasiffeeling/tofeelitslovelyshape.(V-ing或不定式形式)Shewasholdinghishandtightlyasifafraidhewouldleave.(形容词)Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.(如从句内容近乎真实或实现的可能性较大，不用虚拟语气)③protect---(from---)保护------(以防/免受------)例：Heiswearingsunglassestoprotecthiseyes(fromthestrongsunlight).三．重点句式：1.SheaskedifIwaspracticingtoomuch.2.WhatdoestheotherpersonsuggestdoinginBeihaiPark?(suggestdoingsth.建议做某事)3.WhatdoestheotherpersonaskSallyandtellhertodo?(不定式做宾补)4.Icanevenhearthebirdssinging.(seesb.doingsth.看见某人在做某事)5.Sheaskedmewhatwasthematter.(what’sthematter句式固化，作为宾语从句，不必调整语序)6.Itoldhernottoworry.Shetoldmetolookaftermyself.(不定式做宾语补足语)7.Whydon’twegotooneofournationalparkstorelax-WulingyuanScenicandHistoricInterestArea.8.What’sthemostfamousthingtosee?(不定式作定语，后置)9.We’respendingsometimeoffwithLingling’suncleinHunanProvince.Ifyou’refeelingtired,youshouldtakesometimeoff.10.Somepeoplethinktheylooklikesoldiers,andothersthinktheylooklikeanimals.(有的---有的---)11.Lastnightwecampedbyalake.Duringthenight,Iheardaloudnoise,asifsomeonewaslaughing.12.Lingling’suncletoldusnottoworry,andleftthetenttofindoutwhatitwas(不定式作目的状语).13.Fromthetopwehopedforawonderfulviewofthelakesandforests,butwecouldonlyseethemountainsthroughtheclouds.14.Thenwewalkeddownthepath,pasttrees,waterfallsandplantsbacktoourtent. 15.Ipulledaleafoffaplant,butLing’suncletoldmetowashmyhandsandnottotouchit.16.Healsosaidthatitwaswrongtopullleavesandweshouldprotecteverythinghere.(it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语)Isitbettertowalkalongapathortoclimboverrocksandpushingthroughtreesandplants?17.Wish(that)youwerehere.(wish的从句常用虚拟语气，be用过去时)18.WasshehappywithhertripupMountTianzi?19.TonyaskedDamingif/whetherhehadgothiscamerawithhim?(with表“随身携带”)Bringthechildrenwithyou.Don’tleavethemalone(=leavesb.byoneself)20.TheLakeDistrictNationalParkisverybig,withhillsandlakesandforests.(with表特征)21.I’mtryingtowritethesentencesbutI’mnotfeelingwell.(trytodosth.)22.Somethingunusualhappenedyesterday.Itwasastrangeexperience.(不定代词，定语后置)23.Therewerenochildrenordogsrunningaround.(there+be+sb.+doingsth.有某人在做某事)24.Althoughwewalkedalongway,wefeltveryhappy.(although/though/eventhough与but不同时用)25.Howdoeshismotherfeelaboutit?26.Visitorsmustbecarefulnottoleavefoodintheirtentsatnight.27.Onaclearday,youcanseealongwayfromthetopofthemountain.28.TheLakeDistrictisalsopopularwithartistswholiketopaintthebeautifulcountryside.(定语从句)四．语法：直接引语和间接引语(课本153-154页)一．概念理解：直接引用别人所说的话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。二．直接引语变为间接引语的特点：①不用逗号/冒号/感叹号/引号②要考虑人称和时态变化③要考虑时间、地点状语和指示代词变化.三．变化特点a.若主句谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语不用调整时态。若主句谓语动词是过去时，直接引语变成间接引语要调整时态。列表如下：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时过去将来时不变过去进行时不变过去完成时不变 将来进行时过去将来进行时将来完成时过去将来完成时注意：在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。①直接引语是客观真理。“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,”theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid,"John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?"→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：XiaoWangsaid,"IwasbornonApril2l,1980."→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.④直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could,should,would,might）不再变。如：Petersaid,"Youhadbettercomehavetoday."→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.b.指示代词、时间状语和动词也要作调整。直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those时间状语Nowtodaytonightthisweekyesterdaythedaybeforeyesterdaylastweekagothreedaysagotomorrowthedayaftertomorrownextweeksofarintwodaysthenthatdaythatnightthatweekthedaybeforetwodaysbeforetheweekbeforebeforethreedaysbeforethenext/followingdaytwodayslaterthenext/followingweekbythenaftertwodays地点状语Herethere方向性动词come/bringgo/take情态动词can,may,mustcould,might,hadto 注意：即时转述，从句中的时间、地点不用变化；过后转述，而且时间、地点都发生了变化，间接引语中的时间和地点都要随之变化。c.直接引语变为间接引语的注意事项（基本规则同于宾语从句部分）：1．陈述句变为间接引语时，宾语从句的引导词用that（可省略）引导。注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变。（引述动词常为say,tell等不含疑问意义的动词）例：1.“Thesunrisesintheeast.”Shetoldus.Shetoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.2.Shesaid,“Iwillleaveamessageonthisdesk.”Shesaidthatshewouldleaveamessageonthatdesk.感叹句变为间接引语时，宾语从句的引导词仍然用what或how引导。注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变；也可使用that引导的宾语从句（引述动词常为say,tell,cry,shout等不含疑问意义的动词）例：Wesaid,“Whataclevermonkeyitis!”Wesaidwhataclevermonkeyitwas./Wesaidthatitwasaclevermonkey.2．一般疑问句变为间接引语时，先用引导词if或whether连接，后面接陈述语序，要注意人称和时态变化。（引述动词常为ask等含疑问意义的动词或句子）例：1.“Didshemakeuphermindtoeatthefruitatlast?”Couldyoutellme---?Couldyoutellmeif/whethershemadeuphermindtoeatthefruitatlast?2.“HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?”Lucyaskedme.Lucyaskedmeif/whetherIhadeverbeentoShanghai.选择疑问句变为间接引语时，用whether---or---连接，后面接陈述语序，要注意人称和时态变化。（引述动词常为ask等含疑问意义的动词或句子）例：Theboyasked,“AreyoulisteningtomusicorwatchingTVnow?”TheboyaskedmewhetherIwaslisteningtomusicorwatchingTVthen.否定的一般疑问句变为间接引语时，用引导词whether---ornot连接，后面接陈述语序，要注意人称和时态变化。（引述动词常为ask等含疑问意义的动词或句子）例：Hesaid,“Don’tyouknowheisafamoussinger?”Heaskeduswhetherweknewhewasafamoussingerornot.反义疑问句变为间接引语时，用whether---ornot连接后面接陈述语序，要注意人称和时态变化。（引述动词常为ask等含疑问意义的动词或句子）例：”Youhavemadesuchamistake,haven’tyou?”hecried.HecriedwhetherIhadmadesuchamistakeornot.3．特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，用自身的特殊疑问词引导，后面接陈述语序，要注意人称和时态变化。（引述动词常为ask等含疑问意义的动词或句子）例：1.“Wherewereyouyesterday?”LiLeiaskedme.LiLeiaskedmewhereIhadbeenthedaybefore.2.“Whatiswrongwiththeseboysnow?”MissZhaowondered.MissZhaowonderedwhatwaswrongwiththoseboysthen.4．祈使句变为不定式作宾语补足语，用ask/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth.句型转换（引述动词变换）。例：1.“Openthewindows,please,XiaoMing!”saidLiLei.LiLeiaskedXiaoMingtoopenthewindows.(含有please等语气委婉客气用ask)2.“Stoptalking,”hesaidtoallofus.Hetoldallofustostoptalking.(语气平缓、一般的用tell) 3.“Donotmoveaway!”thepolicemansaidtothethief.Thepolicemanorderedthethiefnottomoveaway.(语气严厉、强硬的用order)以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词（或从句）。Hesaid,"Let’sgotothefilm."→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.※小结：①直接引语和间接引语互相转换时，注意人称代词、时态、从句语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词方面的转换。（人称变化规律“一从主，二从宾，三不变”）②根据表达的情境和语气，注意引述动词的变化（祈使句部分）③没有间接宾语（人）时，可以根据具体内容加一个间接宾语如me,him或us等。④直接引语是陈述句，主句谓语sayto可不变或变为tellsb.+(that)从句；直接引语是疑问句，主句谓语sayto须变为asksb.+if/whether/wh-从句；直接引语是祈使句，主句谓语sayto须变为ask/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth.结构。直接引语转化为间接引语：一、如何变人称：“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。①直引是客观真理②直引是过去进行时③直引中有具体过去某年/月/日作状语④直引表反复或习惯。⑤直引中情态动词无过去时形式(oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已是过去时形式时（could,should,would,might）。三、如何变状语（参考对比表）四、如何变句型（略）特别注意课本151-154页的重点提示。五．话题：ReportingQuestionsandInstructions.直接引语与间接引语精练(1)将下列句子改为间接引语1.LiMingsaid,“MyfriendWangHongisapainter.”2.Hesaid,“Iwantmorebreakfast.”3.LiPinsaid,“IhopetogotoEngland.”4.“Classisover,”theteachersaid.5.Hesaid,“I’mveryhappytovisityourfactory.”6.“FromoneofthewindowsofmyhouseIcanseetherailwaystation,”saidWuDong.7.Mysistersaidtome,“I’mleavingtomorrow.”8.“DoesWuDongalwaysgetuplate?”heasked.9.“Areyougoingtoyourhometownthissummer?”sheasked.10.“Howareyoufeelingtoday?”LiLinaskedhim.11.“WhenareyougoingtoShanghai?”Iaskedhim.12.“Whohastakenmydictionary?”askedWangHong.13.“Waitforme,please.”Thegirlsaidtohermother.14.Theteachersaidtotheclass,“Stoptalking.”15.Shesaidtohersister,“Don’ttakeoffyourcoat.”(2)将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat. 2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun”Theteachersaidthattheearth__________aroundthesun.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______methertheday______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme___________________himthenews.15.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestedin_______.ModuleEight一．词语链接：1.celebratev.–celebrationn.–celebratorn.(人)2.vacation(美)=holiday(英)3.beginning–ending4.end(具体意义的“结尾”或“末端”)-ending(抽象意义的“结尾”或“结局”)※1.while与when①当从句中谓语动词是延续性的动词时，用while和when均可。Ourneighbourswilllookafterthegardenwhile/whenweareaway.(beaway表状态，可延续)Youcanmakesomenoteswhile/whenyouwatchEnglishTVprogramme.②当从句中谓语动词是瞬间性动词时，只能用when，而不能用while。Idon’tknowwhattosaywhenImeetforeigners.(meet表瞬间动作，不可延续) 2.assoonas“一------就------”，用于引出时间状语从句，表主从句所述两件事发生的时间的紧凑。Assoonasshesawthecoat,thewomansaidshedidnotlikeit.IwilltellLiLeithegoodnewsassoonashereturnshome.(主将从现)3.promisepromise(sb.)+sth.Hepromised(me)aquickanswer.(可带双宾语)promise+todosth.Hepromisedtohelpme.(不定式作宾语)promise+sb+todosth.Ipromisedhimtobuyhimanewbikenextweek.(不定式做宾补)promise(sb.)+that从句Promise(me)(that)youwillbebackbeforemidnight.短语makeapromise(n.)许下诺言keepthepromise信守诺言breakthepromise践踏诺言4.until与tilluntil与till用法基本一致，常可互换。不同之处：until常可用于书面语，而till常可用于口语；until可用于句首，而till不能。（二者后接词或短语时，是介词；接句子时，是连词）①二者用于肯定句时，主句谓语动词(所表示的动作或状态一直延续到二者所表示的时间为止)须用延续性动词。Shewaitedforhissontocomeuntil/till11:30pm.Iwillstayhereuntil/tillhecomesback.(主将从现)②二者用于否定句时，主句谓语动词(所表示的动作一直没发生，直至二者所表示的时间才发生)用瞬间/结束性动词。Shedidn’tgotobeduntil/till12o’clock.Iwon’tleaveuntil/tillhecomesback.(主将从现)5.however与buthowever副词，可放在句首、句中或句尾，但须用逗号隔开。在句首时，逗号在其后面；在句尾时，逗号在其前面；在句中时，其前后都要用逗号隔开。（but可用于句中，后面不能用逗号）It’sraininghard.However,Ithinkweshouldgotoschoolontime.Thestudentsthoughttheyhaddoneeverythingastheteacherdid.Theyweremistaken,however.Lucylikeschattingonline.Lily,however,hatesit.6.notall/all---not“并非所有的”，当all,both,every等词与否定词连用时，表示的是部分否定。注意：not可放在上述词前，也可放在谓语部分。Notallteenagerslikecomputergames.=Allteenagersdonotlikecomputergames.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.=Notallisgoldthatglitters.Noteverygirllikesit.=Everygirldoesnotlikeit.Bothofthetwomendonotknowtheanswer.=Notbothofthetwomenknowtheanswer.注：如表全部否定，须用neither(of)---,none(of)---或noone/nobody等形式（谓语常用单数）。7.dependon/upon短语动词，“依------而定；取决于”，后接名词或从句，只有主动语态。Youcan’tdependonyourparentsforever.Thetimeofdeparture(出发)dependsontheweather.Imightgototheparktomorrow—itdependsontheweather.Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.dependon/upon也可接todo或one’sdoing 形式，表示“依靠，依赖，指望------（做------）”Youcan’tdependonhimtocomeontime.=Youcan’tdependonhiscomingontime.二．重点短语：1.LabourDay(MayDay)_________2.assoonas________3.allover---________4.dependon______5.countdown(from---to---)_______6.gettogether(for--)_______7.alistof______8.help(sb.)out__9.Mother’sDay_____10.schoolyear_______11.IndependenceDay_____12.takeavocation_______13.becloseto---______14.have(sometime)off---______15.onadifferentdate_____onthesamedate16.gocamping__________17.theendof---________-thestartof---________18.starttodo_________19.beover______20.enjoyoneself(doingsth.)_______21.Dateof---_______22.Lengthof---_______23.makeplansfor_____24.(in)TimesSquare________25.havefun(doingsth.)__________________26.go(out)forawalk_________27.makeresolutionsfor__________28.helpout___________29.spendsometimedoingsth.________30.readsth.tosb._____31.promisetodosth._____32.followtheresolution_____________33.allovertheworld_______34.gettogetherwithsb.________35.bebusy/lazywithsth.__________36.agroupof---_______37.thinkabout(doing)sth._________38.getback_________=return39.acelebrationof___________40.coloursth.+颜色_______________41.atthebeginning/endof________42.putup______43.inthesameway______44.writedown_____45.saygoodbyetosb._____________46.getoutof---_________三．重点句式：1.It’sthelastdaybeforethenewschoolyearbegins.2.Whendomostpeopletakeavocation?3.DoyouhaveanyplansfortheMayDayholiday,Betty?4.Andwhilewe’restayingwiththem,we’regoingtospendafewdaysinQingdao.Whilethey’rewaitingfortheNewYear,theylistentomusic,singtraditionalsongsandhavefun5.We’llstaythereuntil5thMay.(当主句的谓语表肯定义时，动词是延续性的)Let’senjoyourselvesuntilwegobacktoschool.6.WecelebrateMayDay,buttheholidayisnotalwayson1stMay.It’sonthefirstMondayinSeptember.7.It’stheclosestMondayto1stMay,andweonlyhaveonedayoff.例：I’mtakingaweekoffover(during)Christmas.I’mgoingtohavesometimeofftoworkonmyhouse.He’soffatthemoment—Ithinkhe’sillagain. 8.Doyoudoanythingspecial.(不定代词/副词的定语后置)Well,it’ssomethingtodowhilewe’rewaitingfortheNewYear.Wegocampingorwehaveapicnicsomewherenice,orgotothebeach.9.WealsogobacktoschoolassoonastheMayDayholidayisover.(also行为前，be后)Butit’salsotheendofthevocationseason.Assoonasitwas12o’clock,weallshouted“HappyNewYear”veryloudly.10.Ourweathergetsbetter,andthenweonlyhaveafewweeksbeforethestartofthesummerholidays.11.However,notallcountriescelebrate(thenewyear)inthesameway.(部分否定)12.Itcandependontheseasons,themoonorthesun.13.Outwiththeoldyearandinwiththenew!14.SometimespeoplesinganoldsongcalledAuldLangSyne.15.OnNewYear’sDay,manypeoplemakeresolutionsforthenewyear.例：-HaveyoumadeanyNewYearresolutions?–Yes,I’mgoingtoreadmore.16.Theywritedownalistofthings,suchas“Iwillhelpoutmoreathome,Iwillwork---.例：Thestudenthelpsoutinhismum’sshopwhenheisonholiday.Herparentshelpedheroutwithsomemoneywhenshelostherjob.17.Iwon’tspendsomuchtimeplayingvideogames.(spendsometimedoingsth.)18.Whentheyhavemadetheirlist,theyreadittotheirfamilyorfriendsandpromisetofollowtheirresolutions.(promisetodosth.)Weallpromisetoworkhardandhelpeachothermore.19.Forpeopleincountriesallovertheworld,it’satimetosaygoodbyetotheoldyear,andtowelcomethenew.(不定式做真正主语)20.Somepeopleevencolourtheirhairgreenforthecelebration!四．语法：①英语日期的读法：1stJanuary(写法)→thefirstofJanuaryorJanuarythefirst(读法)②状语从句(TheAdverbialClause)概念理解：在整个复合句中起状语作用，用来修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词，有时用来修饰整个句子。状语从句可位于主句前(其后常用逗号与主句隔开)或主句后(其前常不用逗号与主句隔开)；有的放在主句前后皆宜。状语从句通常由一个连接词或一个起连接词作用的短语引导，这种连接词被称之为从属连词(有时也不需连词)状语从句根据用途可分为如下九大类：A.时间状语从句：常由when,while,as,since,after,before,until/till,assoonas等连词引导。 例：1.I’lltellhimaboutitwhenhecomesback.2.Hedidn’tgotobedlastnightuntilhisfathercameback.3.Pleasecallmeassoonasyougetthere.4.HerunoffbeforeIcouldstophim.(我还没来得及拦住他，他就逃跑了，before后常含情态动词)**注意事项：1．主句是将来时(或含情态动词的现在时，或主句是祈使句)，从句常用现在时来代替将来时(即“主将从现”)。例：1.Aftershefinishesherhomework,shecanwatchTVforanhour.2.Hewon’tleavetheschooluntilhefindsthelibrarybook.3.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.2．在由until/till引导的时间状语从句中，当主句的谓语动词表达否定义时，谓语动词是瞬间性动词。例：Hedidn’tcomebackuntilitwastoolate.当主句的谓语动词表达肯定义时，谓语动词是延续性动词。例：Hewaiteduntilitwastoolate.3．since引导的从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句则用一般过去时。例：1.HehasvisitedalotofplacessincehecametoChina.2.ItismanyyearssinceWorldWarTwowasover.4．as,when与whileas:A.“当------时候”，(=when)Asshewaswalkinginthepark,sheheardacryforhelp.B.“一边------，一边-----”表同步发生或进行。Thegirlsdancedastheysang.Theytalkedastheywalked.when“当------时候”，引导时间状语从句时，即可指“时间点”也可指“时间段”，相应的从句中谓语动词须为“终止性的”或“持续性的”。IwaswatchingTVwhenhecameintomyhouse.(终止性动词)IfelldownontheicewhenIwasskatingquickly.(持续性动词)(when=while)注意：when可用于主句动作正在进行的过程中(进行时)，从句动作突然发生(一般时)。Iwaswalkingintheparkwhenitbegantorain,Igotwetsoon.(=justatthatmoment)while“当------时候”，只指“时间段”，不指“时间点”，(while=dringthetime---)表示主句的行为在从句行为过程之中发生，所以从句中只能用持续性动词或状态动词，并且持续性动词常用进行时态。SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhileIwascooking.(while=when)IreadthenewspaperwhileIwaitedforthebus/whilewaitingforthebus.提示：用while的句子同样都可以用when；而用when的句子不一定都可以用while.B.条件状语从句：常由连词if,unless(如果不=ifnot),solongas(只要),sofaras等引导。例：1.We’llgototheparkifitdoesn’train.=We’llgototheparkunlessitrains. 2.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiessolongaswearecloselyunited.3.Ifyoudon’thurry,you’llbelate.(=Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.)4.Ifyougetupearly,you’llcatchthebus.(=Getupearly,andyou’llcatch---)5.HesaidthathewouldvisitTheGreatWallifhewasfree.**注意事项：条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，主句与从句时态保持一致。当主句是将来时(或含情态动词的现在时，或主句是祈使句)，从句常用一般时来代替将来时(即“主将从现”)。C.地点状语从句：常由where,wherever(无论哪里)引导.。例：1.We’llgowherewearemostneeded.2.Whereverhegoes,healwaystakesphotos.3.Youmaygowhereyoulike.4.Whereveryouwork,youmustalwaysworkhard.D.原因状语从句：常由because,since,as,now(that)(既然，由于)等引导。例：1.Now(that)Iamwellagain,Icangoonwithmywork.2.Shedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdaybecauseshewasill.3.Sinceweareallhere,let’sbegin.4.Ashedidn’tknowtheanswer,hedidn’traisehishand.**注意事项：1．because强调的是直接原因或原因构成句子的最主要部分，常用以回答why问句。2．since或as表示“原因”已为人们所知，或者原因不如句子的其它部分重要时使用。since(既然)比as稍正式些，而且引导的从句一般放在主句之前。3．for引导的分句表示补充说明，而且要用在主句后面，并用逗号与主句隔开或放在括号中(连接的是并列句)例：1.-Whywereyoulatethismorning?–IwaslatebecauseIgotuplate.2.Sinceyouaremuchbetter,youcangooutanddoalittlesport.3.Asitrainedheavily,wehadtostopthematch.4.Thesupermarketlooksrathernew,forithasjustopened.**注意：because与so在表达是不能同时使用。E.方式状语从句：表示动作的方式。常由as,asif/though(好像)等引导，多置于主句之后。例：1.Youshouldwriteashedoes.2.You’dbetterdoitasyourmotherdid.3.TheyplaythegameasMr.Zhangtellsthem.4.Youansweredasifyoudidnotknowtherule.5.Sheclosedhereyesasthoughshewastired.6.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.7.Helooksasifhewasfromthecountry.(虚拟语气句)F.比较状语从句：常由连词than,as---as,notas/so---as等引导。例：1.Itiscoldertodaythanitwasyesterday.2.Hejumpsashighasyou(do).3.Hedoesn’tworkas/sohardasJim(does). 4.Idon’thaveas/somanybooksasKate(does).5.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.**注意事项：1．在比较状语从句中，than和as后面的谓语部分常省略。2．as---as,notas/so---as引导的从句中，中间用形容词或副词的原级。G.目的状语从句：常由连词that,sothat,inorderthat(为了),incase(以防)等引导，从句中常含情态动词can,could,beableto,will,would,may,might等。例：1.Theystudyhardsothattheycancatchuptheirclassmates.2.Hesenttheletterbyairmailinorderthat(sothat)itmightreachthemintime.**注意事项：1．sothat与inorderthat一般可互换，但后者更正式；inorderthat引导的从句可位于主句前，而sothat引导的从句必须放在主句后。2．当主、从句主语一致时，从句通常可改成一个由inordertodo或soastodo(不定式短语)形式，使主从复合句变成一个简单句(不定式作目的状语)。例：Theybothworkedhardinorderthat(sothat)theycouldpayofftheirdebt.=Theybothworkedhardinorder(soas)topayofftheirdebt.另外inorderto可置于句首，而soasto则不能。例：Inordertogettoschoolontime,hegotupveryearly.YesterdayIgotupearlyinordernottobelatefortheexam.H.让步状语从句：常由连词although,though,eventhough,evenif(即使)，whatever(特殊疑问词+ever形式),nomatterhow(nomatter+特殊疑问词)等引导。例：1.Although/Thoughtheyweretired,(yet)theywentonworking.2.Evenifyouagree,I’llstillrefusehissuggestion.3.Whatevershewilldo,Iwillbeonherside.4.Nomatterhowhardourlifeis,we’llalwaysbesuccessful.**注意事项：1．although/though不能与but同时使用；但二者可与yet,still连用.Thoughhewasill,hestillwentonworking.2．although与though引导的让步状语从句可以进行句式转换，即把从句中的形容词、名词或副词前置，然后把although/though改为as；如果名词是可数名词的单数形式，不能加不定冠词a/an。例：1.Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.->Hardasheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.2.Thoughheisverygood,hewillneverbethetopofhisclass.->Goodasheis,hewillneverbethetopofhisclass.3.Thoughsheisagirl,shecandoit.->Girlassheis,shecandoit.4.Thoughheisverylate,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.->Howeverlateheis,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether. Nomatterhowlateheis,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.I.结果状语从句：常由that,so---that,such---that,sothat(结果)等引导。例：1.AyersRockissodifficulttoreachthatfewpeoplewouldliketoclimbit.2.ItissuchaninterestingbookthatIhavereaditmanytimes.3.Hespentallhismoney,so(that)hehardlygotbackhome.**注意事项：1．sothat既可引导目的状语从句，也可引导结果状语从句。区别是：a.意思不同：表达“为了，以便”的含义时，属于目的状语从句。表达“结果，因此，以至于”的含义时，属于结果状语从句。b.目的状语从句直接跟在主句后；而结果状语从句虽然跟在主句后，但须与主句用逗号隔开。c.当从句的谓语动词有情态动词can,could,may,might,will,would,beableto等时，常为目的状语从句；当从句中没有情态动词且谓语动词是一般现在/过去时或现在完成时等（表结果）时态时，常为结果状语从句。例：1.Speakloudersothatallofuscanhearyou.(目的)2.Itrainedhardyesterday,sothatshehadtostayathome.(结果)2．so---that和such---that都可以引导结果状语从句，而且意思相同，但是在结构上是不同的。so---thatsuch---that1so+形容词/副词+thatsuch+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that2so+many(多)/few(少)+复数名词+thatsuch+形容词+复数名词+that3so+much(多)/little(少)+不可数名词+thatsuch+形容词+不可数名词+that4so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that**注意事项：1．中间是形容词时，或中间是“形容词(many/much/few/little)+名词”时，只能用so---that结构,除此之外都用such---that结构。2．如果是“形容词+单数名词”，两种结构都行，但要注意冠词a/an的位置。例：ThisissuchaninterestingstorythatIhavereaditmanytimes.=ThisissointerestingastorythatIhavereaditmanytimes.3．so---that(如此------以致于------)so是副词，常修饰形容词或副词；such---that(如此的------以致------)such是形容词，常修饰含限定词的短语名词。判断方法：如果so前是be,become,feel等连系动词，so---that中间一般用形容词；如果so前是行为动词，so---that中间一般用副词。例：1.Shewassohappythatshedanced.2.HeransofastthatIcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.4．在某些情况下，so---that结构可转换成too---to或enoughto结构的简单句式。A.当that从句是否定句时：a).如从句与主句主语相同，可转换为too---todo结构：例：He’ssoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.->He’stooyoungtogoto school.b).如从句与主句主语不同，可转换为too---forsb.todo结构：例：Theboxissoheavythathecan’tliftit.->Theboxistooheavyforhimtolift.B.当that从句是肯定句时：a)如从句与主句主语相同，可转换为---enoughto结构：例：Tomransofastthathecaughtupwithus.->Tomranfastenoughtocatchupwithus.b).如从句与主句主语不同，可转换为---enoughforsb.todo结构：例：Theboxissolightthatthechildcanliftit.->Theboxislightenoughforthechildtolift.**注意：for后代词用宾格，不定式后的宾语(如为指代主句的主语时)须省略。**5．当that从句为否定句式时：A.从句与主句主语相同时，可变为---enoughtodo的否定结构；(enough前的形容词或副词要用其相应的反义词)例：Thisboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.=Thisboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.Thisboyistooyoungtogotoschool.B.从句与主句主语不同时，可变为---enoughforsb.todo的否定结构：例：ThisboxissoheavythatIcan’tmoveitaway.=Thisboxisn’tlightenoughformetomoveaway.Thisboxistooheavyformetomoveaway.**注意：for后代词用宾格，不定式后的宾语(如为指代主句的主语时)须省略。**总结：too---to---,(not)---enoughtodo结构用于简单句，for后代词用宾格，不定式后的宾语(如为指代主句的主语时)，为了避免表达重复，须省略。五．话题：TalkingaboutHolidayPlans.ModuleNine一．词语链接1.braveadj.–bravelyadv.2.excuse/ik′skju:s/n.-/ik′skju:z/v.3.Canadan.–Canadianadj./n.4.medicinen.–medicaladj.5.treatv.–treatmentn.6.inventv.–inventionn.(事物)–inventorn.(人)7.operatev.–operationn.(事)–operatorn.(人)8.hero(男英雄)–heroine(女英雄)9.treat(治疗)-cure/heal(治愈)10.injurev.-injuredadj.11.localadj.-localityn.※1.avoid动词，“避免，避开”，后面可跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。Hisjobhelpedmanypeopleavoidtrafficaccident.Itisnotveryeasytoavoidmakingmistakes.2.bet动词，“打赌”，后面的从句可用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ibetitrainstomorrow.Ibetyoucan’tdothispuzzle.IbetIwin.(Ibet=I’msure)3.invent与discoverdiscover：发现其对象是一直存在的，以往未被人们认识或发现。 invent:发明其对象是以前没有的东西，而且往往是物质性的东西。例：ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica.ThomasEdisoninventedmanyusefulthings.4.pain,ache,hurt,jnjure与woundpain表示疼痛，基本什么痛都可以ache特指人身体机能或器官上的病理疼痛hurt后面如果+部位，指该部位的受伤，若+sb.则指心理创伤injure则指一般的伤wound特指刀伤枪伤二．重点短语1.sothat___=inorderthat2.onone’sown=(all)byoneself/alone_____3.comeup___4.giveone’slifeto(doing)sth._____5.FirstWorldWar___6.inspiteof(doing)sth.____7.intheend______=atlast/finally8.take(good)careof---_______lookafter---(well)9.lookforwardto(doing)sth.______10.feel---about(doing)sth.______11.begoodat______12.trytodosth.________try(doing)sth.______13.avoid(doing)sth.________14.starttodo______15.seesb.off_____16.haveproblemswithsb.______17.getbackto--_______18.getsth.forsb.___19.seesb.dosth.______20.northof---_______21.haveto______22.givetreatmenttosb._________23.learnaboutsth.________24.stoptodosth._______________-stopdoingsth._______stopsb.(from)doingsth.____________25.performanoperationonsb._________26.operateonsb.___________27.continuedoingsth.___________28.countrieswithwars___________29.inpublic____________30.hearsb.dosth.________31.makesbdosth._______32.inpublic________33.makeanexcusefor(doing)sth.___________34.attheend(of)________,intheend_________35.tellastory_________36.inordertodosth.__________37.trainas--________38.returnto---__________39.startaschool________40.lookup__________41.both---and---________________42.ontheinternet_______43.beimportantforsb._______44.saveone’slife_____※1.begoodat,begoodwith,begoodto与begoodforbegoodat(擅长)–bepooratSheisgoodatdancing.Theboyisgoodat/inmaths.begoodwith(善于使用/处理)Heisclever,butheisnotgoodwithhishands.begoodto(对----和善)Teachersaregoodtostudents.begoodfor(对---有益)Doingsportsisgoodforourhealth.1.sothat“为了”引导目的状从中常含情态动词can,could,beableto,will,would,may,might等。Theystudyhardsothattheycancatchuptheirclassmates.IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchtheearlybus.Youshouldworkersothatyoucanpasstheexamnexttime.3.inspiteof“尽管；除开”，引导让步状语(全句属于简单句)，后常接名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语。 Shehadakindheartinspiteofallhersmartness(聪明).Inspiteoftheheavyrain,shewenttotheshop.Inspiteofabadstorm,theplanelandedsafely.Inspiteofbeinglost,thelittleboywasnotafraid.※although/though引导让步状语从句，后常接句子。4.stopsb.fromdoingsth.“阻止------以免/防止做某事”from后接v-ing形式，from可省略。Shestoppedhim(from)smokingintheoffice.Don’tstopme(from)tellingthetruth.Nothingcanstopus(from)marchingforward(前进).三．重点句式1.ShemissedthefinalpracticesothatKyliecouldplaythispieceofmusiconherown.IimaginethatshediditsothatKyliecouldavoidproblemswithherparents.(目的状从)2.HowdoesSallyusuallyfeelaboutplayingonherown?例：Imadethisbookshelfallonmyown.She’sbeenlivingonherownfortenyears.3.WhatdoLinglingandBettythinkofSally?=Howdo---likeSally?(征求对某人的评价)4.Notbadforaschoolorchestra!5.Butthelastpieceiscomingup.(进行时表将来)I’mlookingforwardtothis!例：I’mreallylookingforwardtoourholiday.They’relookingforwardtoseeingthefilm.6.Shesaidherhandhurt,butthatwasonlyanexcuse.7.Itwasverybraveofher.(对人评价的句式中，动作的主语前加of短语)8.They’restandingupbecausethey’rebothgoingtoplay.(both用于助动词后，行为动词前)9.TheirteacheraskedKyliewhatwasreallywrongwithSally.(宾语从句，what为主语，语序不变)10.Kylieaskedtheirteachertorewritethefinaldancemusicsothatthetwopeoplecouldplayit.11.IbetSallywins.(Ibet=Ibelieve/I’msure;从句用一般现在时表将来)12.WhatwillhappenwhenKylieandSallygetbacktotheUK?(happen只有主动语态，无被动语态)13.Therewerefewdoctors,sohehadtoworkveryhard.14.HegavehislifetohelpingtheChinesepeople.(介词to后加动词时，接v-ing形式)例：Hegavehislifetosavingtherarewildanimals.Alotofherosgavetheirlivestotheircountry.Heworkedhardsothathecouldsavethousandsofpeople’slives.例：Thanksforhelpingmewithmycar—yousavedmylife.15.Laterheinventednewtreatmentstohelpsoldiers,andmedicaltoolstouseoutsidehospitals.(定语)16.Heopened(=start)hospitalstogivetreatmenttolocalpeopleandsoldiers，---。(不定式表目的)17.DrBethuneworkedveryhardwithoutstoppingtorest.(without---介词短语表伴随状态，后接v-ing)18.Once,heperformedoperationsfor69hourswithoutstopping,andsaved112people.例：Thegirlleftthepartywithoutsayinggoodbye. Youshouldn’tdriveformorethan3hourswithouttakingabreak.19.Hecontinuedworkinginspiteofcuttinghishandduringanoperation.(inspitofsth.)20.Intheend,hediedbecausehedidnotstoptotakecareofthishand.(takegoodcareof---=lookafter--–well)21.DrBethune’sworkwiththeChinesesoldiersmadehimaheroinChina.(make+sb.+身分；hero宾补)22.HeisstillrememberedinbothCanadaandChina.(被动语态)23.Heinventednewwaystotreatsoldierssothathecouldstopsomanysoldiers(from)dying.24.They’restartingagain,sobequiet!25.WelookforwardtohearingSallyplayintheconcertnextSaturday.(hearsb.dosth.)26.She’sverybravetoplayinfrontofsomanypeople.(不定式用于形容词后作宾语)27.Icanimaginehowworriedshefeels.28.Thethoughtofplayinginpublicmakesmefeelill.(makesb.dosth.)29.Hedidn’tmakeanexcusetostayinasafeplaceandtoavoiddanger.30.Histhoughtweren’tabouthispersonalsafety,buthelpingothers.31.Hereadbooks(written)byfamouswriters.32.What’sStanLee’sadviceaboutwritingforchildren?33.Isitimportanttolearnaboutrealheroes?(动词不定式做真正主语)34.Heperformedoperationsonsoldiersinordertosavetheirlives.35.FlorenceNightingaletrainedasanursein1851.36.Sheworkedhardtomakethehospitalcleanandstopsoldiers(from)dying.(stopsbfromdoingsth.)37.Shealsostartedaschooltotrainnurses.(不定式作目的状语)38.ShediedinLondononAugust13th,1910,whenshewas90yearsold.(when=justatthatmoment)39.Youcanalsoaskyourparentsoryourteacherformoreinformation.40.Saywhyhewassoimportantforyoutoday.四．语法：AdverbialClauseswithso,becauseorsothat.五．话题：GivingReasons.状语从句强化专项练习()1.Johnfellasleep______hewaslisteningtothemusic.A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.assoonas()2.–IsTomatschooltoday?-No,he’sathome________hehasabadcold.A.becauseB.whenC.ifD.and()3.Sarahis_____ahard-workinggirl___________sheoftenworkslateintonight.A.so;thatB.too;toC.such;thatD.notonly;butalso()4.Thisdressstilllooksprettyonyou,______itisoutofstyle.A.thoughB.butC.sinceD.if()5.-Pleasewaithere.I’llcomebacksoon.–Allright.We’llstayatthelibrary_____youcomeback.A.untilB.forC.whileD.as()6.-Whatwasthepartylike?-Wonderful.It’syears____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch. A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.since()7.–I’msorry,Simon.Youdon’tworkhardatgeography,why?-Mydadsaidthattheworldwaschangingeveryday,____Iwaswaitingforitsending.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.so()8.Idon’tknowifit_______later.Iftherain_______,Iwillgoforapicnic.A.willstoptorain;stopsB.willstopraining;stopsC.stopstorain;willstopD.stopraining;willstop()9._________weallknow,oilandwaterdon’tmixup.A.ThatB.AsC.WhichD.However()10.Theteacherspokeloudly__thestudentscouldhearhimclearly.A.soB.asC.sothatD.until()11.Itlooked___________itwasgoingtowind.A.asifB.ifC.asD.whether()12.Someonecalledmeatmidnight,buthehungup____Icouldanswerit.A.asB.sinceC.afterD.before()13.Itwas_____badweatherthatwedecidednottogothere.A.soB.suchC.veryD.quite()14.Idon’tknow___shelikesit,___shedoes,Iwillgiveittoher.A.weather;IfB.if;WeatherC.whether;WhetherD.if;If()15.Iwon’ttellyoutheresult_______youfinishthecourse.A.untilB.becauseC.ifD.after()16.Nancygotupveryearlythismorning______nottobelateforclassagain.A.sinceB.sothatC.inorderD.till()17.Hemetmanyproblems______hewasgoingoverhislessons.A.beforeB.whileC.untilD.assoonas()18.Iwilltellhimaboutthis_______hecomesback.A.assoonasB.untilC.asD.while()19.Annissobusy_______shehasnotimetoplaywithherbaby.A.whenB.thatC.becauseD.although()20.______ourfootballteamfailedinthematch,wedidourbest.A.ThoughB.ButC.BecauseD.As()21.You’dbetterdoit_______yourmotherdid.A.whenB.asC.likeD.because()22.Thewomanbegantodance______shewasalittlegirl.A.themomentB.afterC.whenD.until()23.I__________tobeduntilmygrannycamebackhome.A.didn’tgoB.wentC.hadgoneD.havegone英语中考副词专题复习(  )1.Theyyoungmanis_______carrythatheavybag.      A.strongenoughto B.enoughstrongto C.notstrongenough D.strongenough(  )2.Yangwonthewomen’s500metersinthesportsmeeting.Shedid_______ofall.      A.best            B.better          C.well             D.good (  )3.–It’ssocoldtoday.       –Yes,it’s_______colderthanitwasyesterday.      A.some           B.more           C.very            D.much(  )4.--_____didit_____theconductortochecktheticketsthismorning.--Halfanhour.      A.Howsoon;take  B.Howlong;cost  C.Hoeoften;spent  D.Howlong;take(  )5.–Excuseme,_______isthenearestbookshop?--Godownthestreetandturnleftatthesecondcorner.      A.how            B.what           C.where           D.who(  )6.--_______isitfromourschooltoLupuBridge?--Abouthalfanhour’sbusride.Shallwegoandvisitit?      A.Howlong        B.Howoften      C.Howfar         D.Howmuch(  )7.Tomdoeshishomework_______Lucy.      A.ascarefullyas    B.socarefulas     C.ascarefulas     D.socarefullyas(  )8.Passmyglassestome,Jack.Ican_______readthewordsinthenewspapers.      A.hardly          B.really           C.rather          D.clearly(  )9.–Pleasewritetomewhenyouhavetime.--Sure.But_______isyoure-mailaddress?      A.when           B.where           C.what           D.which(  )10.–Howfarisitfromyourhometoyourschool?  --It’saquarter’swalk,_______.      A.hereandthere    B.nowandthen    C.upanddown    D.moreorless(  )11.–It’sanicecar._______haveyoubeeninit?      --JusttoShanghai.      A.Howmuch       B.Howlong       C.Howsoon        D.Howfar(  )12.--_______wereyouawayfromschoollastyear?  --Abouttwoweeks.      A.Howoften        B.Howsoon       C.Howlong       D.When(  )13.–Georgelooksstrong.Hasheeverbeensick?--He’sasuperman!He_______goestothedoctor.      A.already          B.even            C.often           D.seldom(  )14.–DoesLiuHuaeverguessthemeaningsofEnglishwords?       --He_____guessesthemeaningsofnewwords.Heuseshisdictionaryallthetime.      A.usually          B.always          C.never           D.sometimes(  )15.Youmustdrive_______nexttime,ortheremaybeanotheraccident.      A.morecarefully    B.carefully        C.careful          D.morecareful(  )16.--_______doyougotothelibrary?     --Fourtimesamonth.      A.Howoften        B.Howsoon       C.Howlong       D.Howmuch(  )17.Ican’tsay_______Iwanttoseeyouagain.It’sayearsinceIlastsawyou.      A.howlong         B.howoften       C.howmuch       D.howsoon(  )18.Don’tworry,sir.I’msureIcanrun_______tocatchupwiththem.        A.slowlyenough   B.enoughslowly   C.fastenough   D.enoughfast(  )19.Thisquestionis_______moredifficultthanthatone.       A.rather          B.quite          C.very          D.alittle(  )20.It’stwelveo’clockatnight,butheis_______working.       A.already         B.ever           C.still          D.yet(  )21.Anoisewascomingfrom_______,andafterawhileamaninblackcamedownstairsanddisappearedinthestreet.A.thebedroomoverB.thebedroombelowC.theabovebedroomD.thebedroomabove(  )22.–Whatanicemotorbike!________haveyoubeenonit?       --JusttoBeijing.       A.Howlong        B.Howsoon      C.Howfar      D.Howoften(  )23.Alltheblackpeoplerefusedtotakethecitybuses.________.       A.Neitherdidsomewhites         B.SosomewhitesdidC.Neithersomewhitesdid        D.Sodidsomewhites(  )24.–Whatabouthavingapicnichere,John?--Goodidea!I’mfeeling____hungry,too.       A.much           B.abit           C.notabit       D.abitof(  )25.It’sapitythatIdidn’tthinkofringingyou_______.       A.soon            B.sooner         C.early          D.earlier(  )26.–It’sverydark.Let’sgo_______.     –Allright.Let’sreturn.       A.notfar          B.nofar          C.nofarther     D.notfarther(  )27.Igottothestation_______thanJim.       A.early20minutesB.earlier20minutesC.20minutesearlyD.20minutesearlier(  )28.Johncametowork______ofthemallyesterdaybecausehisbikehadbrokendown.       A.late            B.later            C.latest         D.latter(  )29.Asiais_______thelargestcontinentintheworld.       A.byfar          B.faraway         C.inthedistance D.alittle(  )30.Mikeisstill_______withhisworkashewaswhenIsawhimlast.       A.morecareful    B.themostcareful   C.ascareful     D.ascarefully(  )31.Therewas_______toweighttheelephant.       A.nothingenoughbig      B.bignothingenoughC.nothingbigenough                   D.bigenoughnothing(  )32.Katesaidthatshedidn’tfeelvery_______today.       A.well            B.good            C.nice          D.better(  )33.--_______willJimbeback?     --Infiveminutes.       A.Howlong       B.Howoften       C.Howsoon     D.Howabout(  )34.Theoldgentlemanhas________beentotheGreatWallbefore,hashe?       A.always         B.already          C.ever          D. not(  )35.NowChinahasjoinedWTO,soIthinkEnglishis_______usefulthanbefore.       A.more          B.most             C.much        D.many(  )36.Jane’sbrotherdidn’tworkso_______astheothersdidinhisclass.       A.harder         B.hard            C.hardest       D.hardly(  )37.Iwasillyesterday.ButnowIfeelmuch_____.IthinkIcangotoschooltomorrow.       A.worse          B.bad             C.better        D.well(  )38.Myparentsare_______busythattheyhavenotimetodohousework.       A.so             B.very             C.too          D.quite(  )39.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_______tocarryallthewayhome.       A.muchtooheavy B.toomuchheavy  C.heavytoomuch D.tooheavymuch初中状语从句练习题I.填入适当的引导词1.Ihaven"theardfromhim_____hewenttoAmerica.2.Hewillbehere________heisinvited.3.Hewillnotgotothecinema_____heisverybusy.4.Wefoundthekey_______shehadleftit.5.Wefoundthebookstwodays____hehadgoneaway.6.Wedidn’tgohome_____MissChenreturned.7.HespeaksEnglish______hewereanEnglishman.8.Heisexplainingclearly_______theycanunderstand.9.Donotleavetheroom_____youhavefinishedthetest.10.Shesang______shewentalong.11.IwaswatchingTV_____Motherwascooking.12.Iwillcallhimatonce________Igetthenews.参考答案：1.since2.if3.because4.where5.after　6.until7.asif8.sothat9.before/until　10.as11.while12.assoonas　　II.改错　　1.Thechildrenwererunningontheplaygroundasfastastheycan.（）　　2.Sinceherhusbandhaddied，soshehadtosupportherfamily.（）　　3.Hewon"tgooutuntilhismotherwillcome.（）　　4.Hewasveryfoolishthathedidn"tpasssuchaneasyexam.（）　　5.Tomhadgoneoutassoonashismothergothome.（）　　6.Itwasthreemonthssincehecametoourschool.（）　　7.Theplaygroundofourschoolislargerthantheirschool.（）　　8.ThestreetsinNanjingarewiderthanShanghai.（）　　9.Whateverthereisplentyofsunandrain，thefieldsaregreen.（）　　10.Shesingssongsasifsheisabird.（）参考答案：1.can改为could2.去掉so3.willcome改为comes4.very改为so5.assoonas改为when　6.was改为is7.than后加thatof8.than后加thosein9.whatever改为wherever10.is改为were基本型 根据A句完成B句，使两句意思一致，每空只填一词：1.A:Janeisasinger.Sheisalsoadancer.B:Janeis____________asinger____________adancer.2.A:Weshouldlearnfrombooksandweshouldlearnfromteachers.B:Weshouldlearn______frombooks______fromteachers.3.A:Hismothercan’thelphimwithhislessons,andhisfathercan’t,either.B:______hismother______hisfathercanhelphimwithhislessons.4.A:It’shardwork,butIenjoyit.B:______it’shardwork,Ienjoyit.5.A:Mencan’tlivewithoutairandwaterB:Menwilldiewithoutair______water.6.A:Ifyoustandhigher,youwillseefarther.B:Standhigher,______youwillseefarther.7.A:Ifyoudon’tworkharder,youwillfailintheexam.B:Workharder,______youwon’tpasstheexam.8.A:Howimportantthemeetingis!Ican’tmissit.B:Itis__________importantmeeting______Ican’tmissit.9.A:Afterthemothercameback,theboywenttobed.B:Theboy______gotobed______hismothercameback.10.A:There’remanyrabbitsthere.Theycan’tkillthemall.B:There’re______manyrabbitsthere______theycan’tkillthemall.11.A:WhenIgetthere,I’llgotoseehimatonce.B:I’llgotoseehim__________________Igetthere.12.A:Youmaystayathome.Youmayalsogooutwithus.B:Youmay______stayathome______gooutwithus.13.A:Maryisthetallestgirlinherclass.B:Maryis____________anyothergirlinherclass.14.A:Peterdrawswell.Henrydrawswell,too.B:Henrydraws__________________Peter.15.A:Maryrunsfasterthanmysister.B:Mysisterdoesn’trun__________________Marydoes.16.A:UncleWangfinishedhiswork.Hewenthome.B:UncleWang______gohome______hefinishedhiswork.17.A:LucyhasbeenawayfromtheUSAfor5years.B:It’s5years______she______theUSA.18.A:“Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.Heaskedme______thegirl______somehelp.19.A:Mrs.Smithismyteacher.Sheisalsomygoodfriend.B:Mrs.Smithis____________myteacher____________mygoodfriend.20.A:“Nanjinghaschangedalottheseyears.”“That’sright.”B:“Nanjinghaschangedalottheseyears.”“______it______.”提高型()1.Theydidn’tstartthework____theirteachercameback.A.untilB.whileC.assoonasD.if ()2.Thedictionarycostmetoomuch,____it’sreallyuseful.A.andB.soC.butD.or()3.–Carl,areyouinterestedinswimming?-Yes,____I’mnotgoodatitatall.A.soB.andC.orD.but()4.You’llbelate____youdon’tgetupearlytomorrowmorning.A.ifB.whenC.beforeD.until()5.I’dliketochangethispairoftrousers,____givememymoneyback.A.soB.orC.butD.and()6.Alicewantedtoknow____hergrandmotherlikedthebag.A.thatB.ifC.whichD.what()7.MrJohnhasworkedinthatsmalltown____heleftCanadain1998.A.whenB.afterC.forD.since()8.Thatwasourfirstlesson,____shedidn’tknowallournames.A.forB.butC.soD.or()9.____Saturday____SundayisOK.I’llbefreeinthesetwodays.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.One;theother()10.Pleasecome____havedinnerwithus.A.orB.butC.andD.so()11.Heislisteningtothemusic____heiswashingclothesA.afterB.beforeC.thatD.while()12.____therearetoomanypeoplehere,____wehavetofindanotherhouse.A.Because;soB.Though;butC.Since;/D./;if()13.LiLeisaid____hecouldfinishhishomeworkbeforesixo’clock.A.ifB.whatC.thatD.when()14.Canyoutellme____thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where()15.ThisTVsetistoodear,____itgivesyouabetterpicture.A.orB.andC.ifD.though()16.Don’tdrinktoomuchteaintheevening,____youwon’tfallasleep.A.andB.soC.orD.but()17.____heisveryyoung,____heknowsseverallanguages.AThough;butB.Because;soC.Though;/D.Because;/()18.Godownthestreet____youseethethirdcrossing.A.thoughB.sinceC.untilD.while()19.Hewas____tired____hecouldn’tgoonworking.A.too;toB.such;thatC.so;thatD.too;that()20.You’dbettertakethisbook.Itisverygood____it’sabitexpensive.A.thoughB.andC.butD.so连词专项强化练习()1.Lucyknewnothingaboutit_____hersistertoldher.A.becauseB.untilC.ifD.since()2.-Idon’tlikefootball____________basketball.Whataboutyou?-I’mnotsure,______________Ilikevolleyball. A.and;butB.nor;andC.or;andD.or;but()3.It’srainingoutside.Putonmoreclothes,_____youmaycatchacold.A.andB.thoughC.butD.or()4.TheAnti-JapaneseWarendedmorethansixtyyearsago,_______theChinesepeopleneverforgetit.A.soB.andC.orD.but()5.Forestshelptokeepwaterfromrunningaway,____droughtdoesn’toftenhappen.A.andB.butC.soD.though()6.-Couldyoutellme_____youarewaitingfor?–Mydaughter.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.what()7.Let’ssee______wecanfindsomeinformationaboutthecity.A.whatB.weatherC.whetherD.that()8.Don’tgetoffthebus______ithasstopped.A.untilB.toC.ifD.for()9.______howharditwas,henevergaveup.A.AsB.NomatterC.SinceD.Because()10.Itistenyears____Imetyoulast.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.however()11.Wewerejustreadytoplayfootball_____itbegantorain.A.afterB.assoonasC.whenD.before()12.Youmustlookcarefully______youcrosstheroad.A.beforeB.afterC.andD.but()13.Sheusednottolikeplayingwithayo-yo,____nowshelikesitverymuch.A.soB.orC.andD.but()14.Guilinisthebestplacetobe,_________it’sinsummerorinwinter.A.howeverB.becauseC.whetherD.when()15.Workharder,_______you’llmakegreatprogress(进步).A.butB.andC.forD.or()16.EventhoughFatherChristmasisnolongerliving,_____hisspiritofgenerositylivesontoday.A.butB.orC./D.and()17.LilyandLucyaretwins.Lilyoftenknows_____Lucy’sgoingtosay.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when()18.______heisold,_______hecanstillwork.A.Though;butB.Because;soC.Though;/D.Because;/()19._____mysister______mybrotheraredoctors.A.Not;butB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Either;or()20.Manypeopleliketotravelbyair,____Jim’sfamilythinkthattravelingbytrainisthebest.A.orB.andC.butD.if()21.______Monday_______TuesdayisOK.I’llbefreethen.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.So;thatD.Both;and()22.MrFangknowslittleEnglish,______hecan’tunderstandtheinstructionsonthebottle ofthepills.A.soB.orC.butD.although()23.-Becareful,______you’llmakemistakesinyourexams.-Iknowthat,Mum.Onecanneverbetoocareful.A.andB.orC.notD.butModuleTen一．词语链接：1.perfect–imperfect(反义词)–perfectly-perfectionadj.-adv.-n.2.silly=stupid/foolish3.outdoor–indoor;empty–full;4.busy–businessadj.–n.5.stomach–stomachache6.proper–properlyadj.–adv.7.flyv.-flightn.(航班)-flyingn.(行为)8.simpleadj.-simplyadv.9.stomachs(复数)※1.enoughadj.“足够的”，修饰名词，可放在名词前面或后面。(常位于前面)Shedoesn’tthinkteenagersgetenoughpractice/practiceenough.Thereisn’tenoughspace/spaceenoughforyoutositdown.adv.“足够地”，修饰形容词或副词，放在所被修饰词的后面(即后置)。Thepairofshoesisbigenoughforasix-year-oldboytowear.Hedancedwellenoughatthepartyandweallcheered.n.“足够，充足”，不可数名词。I’vehadenough.Thankyou.2.need作为行为动词的用法：needtodo“需要做---”，主语(常为人)和动词之间是主动关系。Youdon’tneedtogoinsuchahurry.(名、代；不定式作宾语)needdoing“需要做---”，(=needtobedone)主语(常为事物)和动词之间是被动关系。Theseshoesneedrepairing.=Theseshoesneedtoberepaired.Theflowerneedswatering.=Theflowerneedstobewatered.3.alone与lonelyalone用作形容词，表示“单独的”一个人或物，说明客观情况；lonely用作形容词，表示“孤独、寂寞的”内心感受，说明主观情况。Iwasaloneathome,butIdon’tfeellonely.alone还可用作副词，表示“独自地”一个人或物。Thelonelyboyhadtowalktherealone.alone作为形容词，还可意为“仅仅；只有”，放在名词、代词后面，做后置定语。Youcan’tliveonmeatalone.=Youcan’tonlyliveonmeat.4.puton,dress,wear,inputon“穿上”，表“动作”；wear“穿/戴着”，表“状态”。二者都接衣物作宾语。Pleaseputonyourcoat,it’stoocoldtoday.He’swearinghisnewclothes.in通常用于(be)in+颜色词/有修饰成分的衣物的结构中，表示穿着的特征。例：Thegirlinredismyyoungersister.Theboyisinanewjackettoday.dress“给------穿衣服”，表“动作”，后面接“人”作宾语。例：Thelittleboycandresshimselfnow.dressup“乔装打扮/穿盛装”get/bedressed(adj.)“穿戴好”getdressedin +衣服例：Theoldmandressedupinastrangecoat.Haveyoualreadygotdressedwell?Thewomanhasgotdressedinanewsuit.5.almost与nearly（两者一般情况下可以互换使用）almost可用于表示否定意义的不定代词(no,noone,none,nothing等)之前。Almostnoonepassedtheexam.nearly不可用于表示否定意义的不定代词之前。Nearlyeveryonetakespartintheactivity.almost不能与not连用，但可与no,none,nobody,nothing,never等否定词连用。Sheatealmostnothing.为了避免意思含糊不清或者不合乎逻辑，almost常紧跟在它所修饰的词前；修饰动词时一般置于主要动词之前，但要放在系动词或助动词之后。不能置于句末。nearly和almost的区别1）almost和nearly既有相同处，也有不同点。在单纯表示"时间、程度、进度"时，almost=nearly例：Thebuildingisalmostcompleted.Thebuildingisnearlycompleted.　第一句比第二句更接近于完成。2）在具体数字前面常用nearly例：Theriverisnearly100metreswide.Theoldmanisnearly80yearsold.3）almost可与no,nothing,none,never等连用，此时不能用nearly代替。例：Almostnoonebelievedhim.There"salmostnoneleft.Whathesaidwasalmostnothingworthlisteningto.4)almost不可被not修饰，如不说notalmost或almostnot。表示“几乎不”，可以用hardly。例：HecouldhardlyspeakEnglish.6.own的用法own“自己的”，常用于名词所有格或形容词性物主代词后面，起强调作用。Thisishisfather’sownbike.It’smyownEnglishbook.Heshowedusaphotoofhisown(可单用于句尾).二．重点短语：1.so---that---_______2.gotocollege_______3.not---atall_______4.seesb.off_____5.onbusiness_______6.beona---trip_______7.assoonas_________8.getsb.sth.=getsth.forsb._______9.havea(fantastic)time______10.wouldliketodo_____wouldlikesb.todosth.__________11.takethetrainto---=goto---bytrain_________12.sth.gowrongwithsb./sth._______13.needtodosth._____14.keep/stayintouchwith---______-losetouchwith15.haveasafetrip________16.forgettodosth.______forgetdoingsth.________17.findout________18.beafraidof(doing)sth._________ 19.boardaflight__________20.fill---with---_________21.bethesame(as)___________22.suchas_______23.doalmosteverythingfor---_______24.havetimeforsth.________25.thinkof_____26.theanswerto---________27.aswell_____28.anemptystomach_____29.referto(=mean)_________30.makesth.forsb._________31.bereadytodosth._____32.getonboard_______33.ona(long)flight_____34.fallasleep_____35.turnblue____36.bearoundsb.________37.goonholiday________38.beworriedabout____________39.dependonsb.todosth._______40.bepopularwithsb.______41.bemadeof_______42.attheend(of)__43.needdoing___________=needtobedone44.makealiving________45.managetodosth._________=trytodosth.____※1.gowronggo是系动词，表示“变得，变成”，后常用形容词、分词等作表语，说明事物发展的最终状况，常暗含事物朝较坏方向发展的意思。Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.Whenhewokeup,hefoundthathishairhadgonegrey.2.so---that---与such---that---so---that和such---that都可引导结果状语从句，而且意思相同，但是在结构上是不同的。so---thatsuch---that1so+形容词/副词+thatSuch+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that2so+many/few(少)+复数名词+thatSuch+形容词+复数名词+that3so+much/little(少)+不可数名词+thatSuch+形容词+不可数名词+that4so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that**注意事项：1．中间是形容词时，或中间是“形容词(many/much/few/little)+名词”时，只能用so---that结构,除此之外都用such---that结构。2．如果是“形容词+单数名词”，两种结构都行，但要注意冠词a/an的位置。例：ThisissuchaninterestingstorythatIhavereaditmanytimes.=ThisissointerestingastorythatIhavereaditmanytimes.3．so---that(如此------以致于------)so是副词，常修饰形容词或副词；such---that(如此的------以致------)such是形容词，常修饰含限定词的短语名词。判断方法：如果so前是be,become,feel等连系动词，so---that中间一般用形容词；如果so前是行为动词，so---that中间一般用副词。例：1.Shewassohappythatshedanced.2.HeransofastthatIcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.3.keep/stayintouchkeep/stay“保持(某种状态)”，连系动词，后常接形容词、分词或介词短语作表语。(反义短语losetouchwith)例：I’llalwaysbe/keep/stayintouchwithyoufromnowon.TheSmithsaremovingaway,butIhopewe’llstillkeepintouchwitheachother. Lindahaslosttouchwithmostofherfriendsfromprimaryschool.4.suchas,forexample与likesuchas“例如，诸如------之类的”，常用于列举同一类人或事物中的几个例子，放在被列举的事物和前面的名词之间。suchas后跟所列举的名词、代词或v-ing形式，as后不可用逗号。例：Ilovelotsofballgames,suchasbasketball,footballandvolleyball.在表示这一含义时，介词like与suchas有类似用法。例：Somegroups,likeTwins,SHEand5566,areverypopularwithteenagers.forexample也用于列举，通常举出的是同一类人或事物中的一个具体事例。通常用逗号将forexample与句中的其他部分隔开。例：Noise,forexample,isakindofpollution.5.inone’sopinion或intheopinionof---例：1.Inmyopinion/Accordingtome,they’lllosethematch.2.Thewarwill,intheopinionofmostpeople,bringnovictorybutdisasterineverysense.三．重点句式：1.WhatwilltheygetforSallytoeat?(getsth.forsb.)2.–Where’syourflightnumber?–Thereitis!(局部倒装句)英语中，there和here用于倒装句时须注意：主语如是名词，则主语位于谓语动词后(即全部倒装)；主语如是代词，则主语位于谓语动词前(即部分倒装)。例：①-MayIuseyourpen?-Hereitis!②-Iwantanewbook,Dad?-Hereisthemoney!③Theregoesthebell!Herecomesthebus!1.–I’dliketogowithyou!-Sowould/doI!(全部倒装句)soadv.“同样，也；对，不错”用以代替上文中的形容词、名词或动词。例：Yousayheworkshard;sohedoes,andsodoyou.soadv.“同样，也”“so+谓语+主语”的全部倒装句式，表示前面介绍的情况同样适合于后者(话题是独白或对话，涉及两个主语)。①IhavebeentoBeijing,sohasLiFeng.(独白)=IhavebeentoBeijing,LiFenghasbeenthere,too.②–Ialwayshavesportsafterclass.–SodoesKate.(会话)=-Ialwayshavesportsafterclass.–ThesamewithKate.注：①后者用的谓语动词形式与前者应保持动词类型、时态的一致性；但动词的人称和数取决于后者(be动词，情态动词或助动词)。②如否定意义的情况相同时，用“neither/nor+谓语+主语”的形式。①Iwasn’tatschool,neither/norwerethetwins.(独白)=Iwasn’tatschool,thetwinsweren’tatschool,either.②Hecouldn’tridethehorseat12.-Neither/NorcouldI.(会话)=-Hecouldn’tridethehorseat12.–Icouldn’tthen,either.③–WouldyouryoungerbrothergoforapicnicthisSunday?-IfIdon’tgo,neither willhe.adv.“对，不错”“so+主语+谓语”的部分倒装句式，表示对上文陈述内容的确认(话题是对话，涉及单一主语)①-It’swarmertoday.–Soitis.(是啊/的确如此)②–LiLintookatriptoShanghailastweek.–Soshedid.③–You’dbettergotoschoolearlier.–SoIwill.④–YouaregoodatEnglish.–SoIam.注：前后用的谓语动词形式应保持动词类型、时态的一致性；但动词的人称和数取决于后者的调整(be动词，情态动词或助动词)。⊙选择谓语的技巧：将上述句子变为一般疑问句需放在句首的动词，调整与主语人称和数相符的形式即可。※soadv.“(表示方式、方法、情况等)这样，那样”(正常语序，位于主谓后，不倒装)1.Isthatso?2.Ithinkso.3.Ihopeso.4.Ididso.总结：1.so+谓语+主语：表示前面介绍的情况同样适合于后者（涉及两个主语的情况）so+主语+谓语：表示对上文陈述内容的确认（涉及同一个主语的情况）2.so+谓语+主语：话题是独白或对话。so+主语+谓语：话题是对话。3.前后句用的谓语动词形式应保持动词类型、时态的一致性；但动词的人称和数取决于后者的调整(be动词，情态动词或助动词)。so的用法   so是替代词，通常意义为“也如此”。   1)so+助动词/情态动词/连系动词+另一主语，表示另一主语与前面某人的动作或状态有着相同的肯定概念。例如：   ①Iamastudentandsoisshe.我是个学生，她也是。   ②Theyhadagoodtimelastnight,sodidI.昨晚他们玩得很愉快，我也是。   ③HecanswimandsocanI.他会游泳，我也会。   2)so+人称代词（同一主语）+助动词/情态动词/连系动词，用以重述前文，以表示强调或赞同。例如：   ④－Thisstoryisveryinteresting.－Soitis.－这个故事很有趣。－的确如此。   ⑤－Theystudyveryhard.－Sotheydo.－他们学习十分努力．－的确如此。4.We’dhaveafantastictime.(would的用法)5.Butjustlookatallthosecities.Youcanflytoanywhereintheworldfromhere!I’deatallmyfavouritefood.I’dseeelephants,lionsandalltheotheranimals.Well,I’dbehappytostayherewithyouall.(all同位语，位于代词后)Sally’sflightisnowbroadingsoshe’dbehappytostaywithallherfriends.6.I’dbeafraidthatsomethingwouldgowrongwiththeplane.7.Don’tbesilly!(别犯傻了！)8.Youcouldgobyboatorbytrain,althoughitwouldtakesolongthatyou’dneedtocomebackimmediately.(so---that---引导结果状语从句) Chineseteenagershavesomuchhomeworkthattheydon’thavetimetolookafterthemselves.9.PassengersforflightCA937toLondon,pleasegotoGate12.Yourflightisboarding.10.CanyouguesshowlongtheflighttakesfromBeijingtoLondon?11.Yourparentsgoawayonbusiness,butyouhavetostayathomealone.12.Wouldlifebeaseasyaswhenyourparentsarearound?Islifeaseasyformostteenagerslivingalone(后置定语)aswhentheirparentsarearound?13.Woulditbeaperfectholidayforyou?14.The14–year–oldgirlsaysthatsheknowslittleaboutcooking.(复合形容词作定语)例：Ihavereada90-pagebook.15.Icanfillanemptystomachwithtomatoandeggsoup,butthat’sall.例：Pleasefillthiscupwithsomesugar.(用------装满------)That’sallfortoday.Goodbye,everyone.16.Wewouldn’tknowwhattodo,orhowtolookafterourselves.(疑问词+todo形式作宾语)17.I’dforgetsomethingimportant.I’dprobablywatchTVandthenburnthesoup.(不定代词定语后置)18.Shedoesn’tthinkteenagersgetenoughpractice.(否定转移)19.AssoonasIleavehome,I’lllearntocook.(主将从现)20.Theydon’tlearnanylifeskillsuntiltheygotocollege.21.Inhisopinion,manyteenagersdependtoomuchontheirparents.Manyteenagersdependontheirparentstopreparetheirmeals.(不定式做目的状语)22.Andthereismuchmoretolearnthancooking,like“tidyingupyourroomorevendressingyourselfproperly”.(dresssb.给某人穿衣，dress的宾语是“人”)23.Formostteenagersitwouldn’tbeaholidayatall.(not---atall)24.MostChineseteenagerswouldfindlifemoredifficultwithouttheirparents.25.Takingoffisnoisy,butit’ssillytobeafraid.(不定式做真正主语)26.Onalongflight,theyprovidefood,sopassengersaren’ttravellingonemptystomachs.27.UsuallyImakemyownsandwichtotakewithme.(不定式作目的状语)28.Theyarrivedearlyattheairport,buttheynearlymissedtheirflight.Butnowparentsdoalmosteverythingforus.29.Mostpeoplegoonholidayinthesummer,andtheyliketogosomewherewarm.(不定副词的定语后置)30.Thefloor,roofandwallsareallmadeofice.(bemadeof---被动结构)31.Visitorstothehotelsleepinbedsmadeofice(过去分词短语做后置定语)andsitonicechairsandeatfromplatesofice. 四．语法：①although与but在同一个句子中不能同时使用。②would的用法（参课本P157页）（1）“would+动词原形”可表示想象、计划、推测或可能。IwouldflytoEnglandtoseemyfriendsthissummerholiday.Ithinkhewouldaccepttheinvitation.I’dseeelephants,lionsandalltheotheranimals.I’deatallmyfavouritefood.will作情态动词，表示意愿、习惯等。would表示过去的习惯。Itoldhertostopcrying,butshejustwouldn’tlisten.It will be highly appreciated if you will send us your latest price list. Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.Will/would you please do...?Would you like to do...?Would you mind doing...?表建议/询问请求.Will you please pass me a cup of tea? Would you like me to give you a hand? This box is too heavy, wouldyoumindgiving me a hand? （2）表示虚拟语气的用法A.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：(if+主语+did---,主语+would+do---)(be动词用were代替was)⑴IfIwereyou,Iwoulddoit.⑵Iftherewerenowars,theworldwouldbebetter.B.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气：(if+主语+did---,主语+would+do---)⑴IfIdidit,myfatherwouldkillme.⑵Iftherewerenodiseasesinthefuture,peoplewouldlivemuchlonger.C.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：(if+主语+haddone---,主语+would+havedone---)⑴Ifyouhadtoldmethenews,Iwouldnothavedoneit.⑵Ifthemanhadhadagun,hewouldhavekilledmanypeople.五．话题：TalkingaboutImaginarySituations.专项练习一．用适当的be动词、助动词或情态动词填空。1.Iamastudent,so__________LiLei.2.Theywereatschoollastnight,so_________I.3.Ihavebreakfastathome,so_________mybrother.4.IwatchedTVlastSaturdayevening,so_______Kate.5.Lucyisreadingthenovel,so______I.6.Iwaswatchingtheplayatthetheatrelastnight,so_______myparents.7.LiLeiwillgototheconcert,so______we.8.Tomisgoingtovisithishometown,so______I.9.TomcanspeakChinese,so______Kate.10.-Icouldswimattheageofsix.-So______I.11.I’mabletoworkoutthismathsproblemonmyown,so______he.12.TinahasgonetoLondon,so_____KateandJane.二．根据句意要求填入正确的句子。 1.我喜爱听音乐，李蕾同样。_______________________________________________________.2.-刘星去过杭州，-哦，我也去过。_______________________________________________________.3.昨天Lily不在家，Lucy同样。_______________________________________________________.4.-我不会讲法语。-我也不会。_______________________________________________________.5.-Kate擅长英语。-确实如此。_______________________________________________________.6.-你昨晚看歌剧了。-没错，它美极了。____________________________________________________.7.-李磊去过上海，是吗？-是，我认为是这样。_____________________________________________.8.-明天天气将会更好。-我希望如此。____________________________________________________.RevisionModuleB一．词语链接：1.introduce–introductionv.-n.2.follow–followingv.-adj.二．重点短语：1.alarmo’clock________2.belongtosb.(宾格)_________3.sharesth.withsb._______4.tosomeextent_________5.ringsb.up___________________=givesb.aring;ringsb.6.lookforwardto_______7.beafraidofdoingsth._______8.not---anymore________9.allday__________10.allthewayhome___________11.bereadytodosth._________12.goonair_________13.startdoing________14.agreewithsb.________agreeonsth._________agreetosth.________agreetodosth.________15.workonsth._________16.continuedoingsth._______17.fallasleep______18.lookforwardtosth._________19.atChristmas_____20.onadifferentdatefrom_______21.schoolterm_________22.theFirstWorldWar_____23.remembersb.as---______24.stayawake_______25.becloseto_____-befar(away)from____26.anintroductionto---_______27.belongto+n./doingsth._________28.setsail________29.plantodosth.________30.fightsb._______31.gettoknow________32.becauseofsb./sth./doingsth.__________33.decide(not)todosth._______34.sometimeago______35.agreetodosth._________36.godoingsth.________37.onone’swayto---________onone’swayhome_________38.takeaway______39.sailtheship_______40.assoonaspossible=assoonasonecan_____________三．重点句式： 1.BettyaskedSallyhowshefelt.→Bettyasked,“Howdoyoufeel,Sally?”(间接引语→直接引语)2.MrsStylessaid,“Comehereandplaytheviolin.”→MrsStylestoldmetogothereandplaytheviolin.(直接引语→间接引语)3.AlthoughIlikethefood,Ican’teatanymore.(让步状语从句)4.Iwon’tdoanythinguntilyougetthere.(时间状语从句)Wecontinueworkingonourarticlesuntillunchtime.Myalarmringsatsixo’clockandassoonasIhearit,Igetup.5.IwassoangrythatIdidn’tspeaktohimallday.(结果状语从句)6.Listencarefullysothatyou’llknowwhattodo.(目的状语从句)Wereadallthearticlessothatweallknowwhatwillbeintheshow.7.WehadapartybecauseitwashisbirthdayonSaturday.(原因状语从句)8.Weweredancingwhilethebandwasplaying,andwegotveryhot.(时间状语从句)Whenwe’vedecidedontopics,westartwriting.9.ThebagwasveryheavybutIcarrieditallthewayhome.(转折并列句)10.We’recatchingthesametrain,soI’llseeyouatthestation.(结果并列句)11.EdithCavellworkedinahospitallookingafterinjuredsoldiersfromdifferentcountries.(现在分词短语做伴随状语，表示方式)12.Aswellastreatingthesoldiers,shehelped200injuredmentoreturnhome.13.TheBritishrememberEdithCavellasanationalhero.14.It’snicetoknowI’mamongfriends.15.Haveasafetrip!16.Later,Jimgetstoknowthatit’sallbecauseofBenGunn.17.Therearealotofpeopleintheteam,butweusuallyagreeonthetopics.HeagreestosharethegoldwithJimandhisfriendsiftheytakehimbacktoEngland.18.Althoughheisalsoapirate,hehelpsJimandhisfriendstosomeextent.19.Ontheirwayhome,theystopinAmericaforonenight.20.WhentheygetbacktoEngland,Jimdecidesnevertogolookingforgoldagain.21.I’dliketogosomewherenicetoday.(不定副词定语后置)四．语法总结：1.直接引语与间接引语的互相转换(Activities1.2.)2.状语从句(Activities3.4.5.6.7.)3.would表示虚拟语气的用法 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艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈常用的教学方法有哪些呢？膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈 目前，我国中小学常用的教学方法从宏观上讲主要有：以语言形式获得间接经验的教学方法，以直观形式获得接经验的教学方法，以实际训练形式形成技能、技巧的教学方法等。这些教学方法之所以经常被采用，主要是因为它们都有极其重要的使用价值，对提高教学质量具有特定的功效。但任何教学方法都不是万能的，它需要教者必须切实把握各种常用教学方法的特点、作用，适用范围和条件，以及应注意的问题等，使其在教学实践中有效的发挥作用。（一）以语言形式获得间接经验的方法。这类教学方法是指通过都师和学生口头语言活动及学生独立阅读书面语言为主的教学方法。它主要包括：讲授法、谈话法、讨论法和读书指导法。1讲授法讲授法是教师运用口头语言向学生描绘情境、叙述事实、解释概念、论证原理和阐明规律的一中教学方法。2谈话法谈话法，又称回答法。它是通过师生的交谈来传播和学习知识的一种方法。其特点是教师引导学生运用已有的经验和知识回答教师提出的问题，借以获得新知识或巩固、检查已学的知识。3讨论法讨论法是在教师指导下，由全班或小组围绕某一种中心问题通过发表各自意见和看法，共同研讨，相互启发，集思广益地进行学习的一种方法。4读书指导法读书指导法是教师目的、有计划地指导学生通过独立阅读教材和参考资料获得知识的一种教学方法。（二）以直观形式获得直接经验的方法这类教学方法是指教师组织学生直接接触实际事物并通过感知觉获得感性认识，领会所学的知识的方法。它主要包括演示法和参观法。1演示法演示法是教师把实物或实物的模象展示给学生观察，或通过示范性的实验，通过现代教学手段，使学生获得知识更新的一种教学方法。它是辅助的教学方法，经常与讲授、谈话、讨论等方法配合一起使用。2参观法参观法是根据教学目的要求，组织学生到一定的校外场所——自然界、生产现场和其他社会生活场所，使学生通过对实际事物和现象的观察、研究获得新知识的方法。（三）以实际训练形式形成技能、技巧的教学方法这类教学方法是以形成学生的技能、行为习惯、、培养学生解决问题能力为主要任务的一种教学方法。它主要包括练习、实验和实习作业等方法。1练习法练习法是在教师指导下学生巩固知识和培养各种学习技能垢基本方法，也是学生学习过程中的一种主要的实践活动。2实验法实验法是学生在教师指导下，使用一定的设备和材料，通过控制条伯的操作，引起实验对象的某些变化，并从观察这些变化中获得新知识或验证知识的一种教学方法，它也是自然科学学科常用的一种方法。3实习法（或称实习作业法）实习法是学生在教师纽上，利用一定实习场所，参加一定实习工作，以掌握一定的技能和有关的直接知识，或验证间接知识，综合运用所学知识的一种教学方法蕿蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羁膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节衿羈腿莄蚂袄芈蒇袇螀芇蕿蚀聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羁芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈蚂螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蚁羆肁莃袆袂肀薅虿 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