中考英语语法专题讲练结合17从句 6页

宾语从句一、定义：宾语从句在主句中起宾语的作用。可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。宾语从句由连词that，whether，if；代词who，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever和副词when，where，how，why等引导。二、怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句1在动词后作宾语(动宾):Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom。2.在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语:Heaskedmewhenwewouldleave.3．在介词后作宾语(介宾)：Let’stalkabouthowwesolvethisproblem.4.在I’msorry…,I’mafraid…,I’msure…等结构后的句子是形容词的宾语从句，此类形容词多表示说话人的情感。三、宾语从句需注意的时态问题1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据不同情况用不同时态。Hesays(that)hewillhaveawalksoon.（soon指将来，从句用将来时）Theteacheraskswhoisthecleverestintheschool.（暗指目前谁最聪明，从句用现在时）Iwanttoknowwhocameherelatethismorning.（今早已过去，从句用过去时）2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。HewonderedifIwouldcome.Shetoldmethathersonhadgotwell.ShesaidthatshelikedwatchingTV.WethoughtJimwaswrong.3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。Mr.Lisaidthemoonissmallerthantheearth.4.宾语从句无论有何引导词，句子都要用陈述句语序。CouldyoutellmewhenyouwillgetbacktoWuhan?（不是willyou）Doyouknowwhichsweatersheiswearing?(不是isshe)状语从句一、定义：状语从句是在复合句中充当状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句。状语从句放在主句之前，常用逗号隔开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号隔开。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点状语从句九种。二、分类：1、时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。用一般现在时表示将来时。时间状语的连接词：when(当…时候)while(当…时候)as(当…时候)after(在…以后)before(在…以前)assoonas(一…就)since(自从…到现在)till/until(直到…才)bythe6 time(到…为止)nosooner......than(一…就，不久，即刻)(1)when、while、as引导时间状语从句的区别。When既可以表示时间点又表示时间段。While表示时间段和对比转折。As强调两个动作同时发生。When（不同于while)IgotoffthebusIfelldown.(时间点）When（=while）IwasinchinaIvisitedmanyplacesofinterest.(时间段）Asthestudentswalkedtotheirbedrooms,theysanghappily.MarywasdressedinbluewhileJanewasdressedinred.(2)until引导时间状语从句时，如果主句谓语动词是延续性动词，则主句用肯定式，反之用否定式。Heworkeduntilitwasdark.Idon"tmanagetodoituntilyouhadexplainedhow.(3)since引导的时间状语从句Itis(hasbeen)5yearssinceIleftmyhometown.2、地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where,wherever引导。（注意不要和where引导的定语从句相混淆）例如：WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees.　ThisisthehousewhereLuXunoncelived.　WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofmyhometown.3、方式状语从句方式状语从句放在主句之后，通常由as,justas，asif,asthough引导。asif,asthough引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"。例如：Theoldmanrunsveryfastasifhewereayoungman.Youmaydoasyouplease.Theboyspeaksjustashisfatherdoes.4、原因状语从句由because,since,as和for引导。1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。例如：Ididn"tgo,becauseIwasafraid.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例如：　Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.　Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的常见句式有：　/sothat/may(1)主语+v.++主+--might+dosth.inorderthatshould6 主语+v.+--inorderto+dosth.soastoYoumustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.Let"stakethefrontseatsthatwemayseemoreclearly.6、结果状语从句　引导结果状语从句的几种句式：(1)so+adj./adv.+that从句/astodosth.(2)so+adj.+a(n)+n.+that...(3)Such+a(n)+adj.+n.+that...(4)...sothat...例如：Theboyissoyoungthathecan"tgotoschool.　Heissuchayoungboythathecan"tgotoschool.7、条件状语从句　连接词主要有if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat等。if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。unless=ifnot.　例如：Let"sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.　Ifyouarenottootied,let"sgooutforawalk.典型例题Youwillbelate___youleaveimmediately.　A.unless　B.until　C.if　　D.or8、让步状语从句让步状语从句由though,although，as,evenif,however,nomatterwho(how)...等词或短语引导。由as引导的让步状语从句，须将作表语的形容词或名词（名词前不用冠词）放在句首。由though,although引导的状语从句，主句不能用but.nomatterwho/what...在引导让步状语从句时可用whoever等替换，引导名词性从句则不能互换。Cleverasheis,hedoesn"tworkhard.Childasheis,heknowsalot.Whateverhesaidiswrong.9、比较状语从句由than,as...as...,notso...as...,asmany+可数名词+as,asmuch+不可数名词+as引导。Airinthecountryismuchfresherthanthatinthecity.ItrainsmoreofteninshanghaithaninBeijing.OurcountryisasbigasthewholeofEurope.Myroomisnotso/asbigashis.定语从句一、定义：定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子。从句前面的名词或代词叫先行词，从句中的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose6 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。Sheisagirlwho/thatisbeautifulandkind-hearted.Thegirlwho/thatistallismysister.Sheisagirl(who/whom/that)Iknowverywell.Thatboywhosehairisverylongismybrother.Iownabikewhosepriceishigh.Iboughtawatch(which/that)Ipaid100yuanfor.Ipreferaplacewhich/thatiscleanandquiet.IpreferaplacewhereIcanliveaquietlife.Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenaboyhelpedmefindmydog.therebe句型一、therebe句型基本认识1、定义：Therebe句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2、结构：(1)Thereis+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.(2)Thereare+复数名词+地点状语.注意事项：there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如：①Thereisabirdinthetree.②Thereisateacherandmanystudentsinourclassroom.③Therearetwoboysandagirlunderthetree.二：therebe句型的常考点考点一：各种句型转化。1：变成否定Therebe句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，nota/an/any+n.相当于no+n.。例如：Therearesomepicturesonthewall.→There__________picturesonthewall.=Thereare__________onthewall.Thereisabikebehindthetree.→There_____abikebehindthetree.=Thereis_____bikebehindthetree.2：变成一般疑问句Therebe句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。ThereissomewateronMars.→_______________wateronMars?Therearesomefishinthewater.→_______________fishinthewater?3：特殊疑问句对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who引导，当主语是物的时候，则用what引导。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：Therearemanythingsoverthere.→_____overthere?Thereisalittlegirlintheroom.→__________intheroom?对地点状语提问：则用where引导。如：6 Thereisacomputeronthedesk.→__________thecomputer?Therearefourchildrenontheplayground.→__________thefourchildren?对数量提问：般有两种句型结构：Howmany+复数名词+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？考点二：therebe句型的时态。be可以有现在时（thereis/are）、过去时(therewas/were)、将来时(thereis/aregoingtobe或therewillbe)和完成时(therehave/hasbeen)；还可用theremustbe,therecan’tbe,thereusedtobe等。如：---There______aconcertthisevening.---Yeah.Excitingnews!A.aregoingtobeB.isgoingtobeC.isgoingtohaveD.willhave考点三：therebe句型反意疑问句的构成：be(not)there?如：Thereissomemilkinthebottle,____?A．isn"tthereB．aren"tthereC．isn"titD．arethere考点四：therebe句型的主谓一致：Therebe结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。如：1.There___anyriceinthebowl.A.areB.isC.isn’tD.aren’t2.There___manyapplesonthetreelastyear.A.havebeenB.wereC.areD.is考点五：therebe句型用的其他动词：therebe句型中有时不用动词be，而用come,live,stand,lie,seemtobe,happentobe如：There____aknifeandaforkonthetable.A.seemstobeB.seemtobeC.isseemingtobeD.are注意事项：therebe句型与have句型的区别(1)Therebe句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：Therebe表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。如：Hehastwosons.Therearetwomenintheoffice.(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，Therebe句型与其可互换。如：Aweekhassevendays.=Therearesevendaysinaweek.一、练习　I.选择填空:　1.Didyouhear______?　A.whatdidIsayB.whatIsaidC.IsaidwhatD.whatIsay　2.Canyoutellme________?　A.whichclassyouareinB.whichclassareyouin　C.youareinwhichclassD.areyouinwhichclass　3.---Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_______?---Certainly.　A.whencanIgettothestationB.Icangettowhichstation　C.whichstationcanIgettoD.howIcangettothestation6 　4.Couldyoutellmewhere_______yesterday?　A.didyougoB.yougoC.youhavegoneD.youwent　5.Tomaskedme________.　A.whoseshirtwasthisB.whoseshirtthiswas　C.whoshirtwasthisD.whoshirtthiswas　6.Excuseme,couldyoutellme_______?　A.where’stheteachers’officeB.where’sthebusstation　C.what’sshedoingD.wherethepostofficeis　7.IwanttoseeMrs.Wang,butIdon’tknow_______.　A.sheliveswhereB.shewherelivesC.whereshelivesD.wheredoesshelive　8.---GoandaskMr.Whiteforhelp.---ButIdon’tknow_______.　A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelives　C.whereishelivingD.helivesthere　9.____anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet?　A.IsthereB.ArethereC.HasD.Have10.____isthereonthetable?　A.HowmanyapplesB.HowmuchbreadC.HowmuchbreadsD.Howmanyfood词形变换thinreadonehealthsuccessdousehalfwhowith1.TheyleftGuangzhouonthe___ofJune,2005.2.Thisbookisthelightestandofallthebooks.3.SomethingmustbetobuildupaGreatGreenWall.4.Alotofpeoplefindtheycan’tgetjobs_experience.5.WearesurethatChinacanholdthe2008OlympicGames.6.Earlytogotobedandearlytogetupmakeaperson.7.Mr.Georgetotakeawalkaftersupperwhenhewasinthecountryside.8.Couldyoucutthepearintotwo？9.WhenMr.Licamein,hesawthatallthestudentswerebusyEnglish.10.Motherwantstoknow_Englishisthebestinmyclass.6