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2011年中考英语语法精讲精练:第二章代词

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第二章:代词人称代词(一)主格、宾格类1)Thatmanisverytall,_______isLiMing"sfatherA.SheB.HeC.HimD.His2)------Whatdidhetellyou?------Hetold_____nottoswiminthatriver.A.IB.meC.mineD.My3)------Doesmotherwanttovisitgrandpa,sister?------Yes?------Iwanttogowith______.A.sheB.herC.hersD.him解析:人称代词主格有:I(我)you(你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they(他们、她们、它们)宾格有:me(我)you(你)him(他)her(她)it(它)us(我们)you(你们)them(他们、她们、它们)当题干中所需填的词翻译为:我/你/他/她/它/他们/她们/它们时,就需要填主格和宾格,若填的词作主语就填主格,如:题1),若作作宾语就填人称代词宾格,宾语分动宾(即及物动词后加宾语),如:题2),介宾(即介词后加宾语),如:题3),故答案为:1).B2).B3).B(二)顺序类4)________aregoodfriends.A.You,heandIB.I,youandheC.He,youandID.I,heandyou解析:当多个人称代词并列时英语中常用“you,he/sheandI”这个顺序,故答案为:4)A.物主代词(三)形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词类5)------Whyissheveryunhappy?------_____bikewaslost.A.HerB.HisC.SheD.He6)-----Thisismycup,whereis______?------It"sthere.第-12-页共12页 A.youB.yourC.yoursD.mine解析:形容词性物主代词有:my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我们的)your(你们的)their(他们的、她们的、它们的);名词性物主代词有:mine(我的)yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(它的)ours(我们的)yours(你们的)theirs(他们的、她们的、它们的)当题干中所需填的词翻译为:我的/你的/他的/她的/它的/他们的/她们的/它们的时,就需要填形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词,当所填空后有名词时,就填形容词性物主代词,如:题5)空后有名词bike;当所填空后没有名词时,就填名词性物主代词,如:题6)空后没有名词,故答案为:5)A.6).CIt专项(四)普通类1)------Thereisabikebehindourclassroom.------______isLiMing"sA.ItB.ThatC.ThisD.Its2)-------What"sinthebottle?-------______ismilk.A.ItB.ItsC.ThatD.This解析:it可用来代替上文、下文出现的可数名词单数,如:题7);it可用来代替上文、下文出现的不可数名词,如:题8);故答案为:1)A2)A.(五)时间类3)-----What"sthetime?------_____isnineo"clock.A.ItB.ItsC.ThatD.This解析:it可用来表示时间,如:It’sseveno’clocknow(现在七点了);故答案为:3)A.(六)距离类4)------Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?--------______isfifteenminutes"walk.A.ItB.ItsC.ThatD.This解析:it可用来代替距离,如:It’s20milesfromhere(距离这20英里);故答案为:4)A第-12-页共12页 (七)不明身份者类5)--------Whoisknockingatthedoor?----------Ithink_____mustbeLiMing.A.heB.sheC.itD.that6)---------Whoisthatboyinthepicture?--------_____isme.A.SheB.HeC.ItD.That解析:it可用来代替不明身份的人,如:题5);it可用来代替照片或图片上的人,如:题6),故答案为:5)C6)C(八)形式主语与形式宾语类7)_____isverydifficultformetolearnEnglishvery.A.ThisB.ThatC.ItD.Its8)Ithought______veryhappytohelpmybrothersolvethatmathproblem.A.thisB.thatC.itD.its9).Hehasfound______wasdifficulttogiveupsmoking.A.thisB.itC.thatD.he解析:请同学们记住三个句型,1.Itbe形容词(forsb/ofsb)to动词原形(形式主语),如:题7),2.及物动词it形容词to动词原形(形式宾语),如:题8)3.及物动词itbe形容词to动词原形(宾语从句的形式主语),如:题9),故答案为:7)C8)C9)B.(九)天气类10)-------What"stheweatherliketoday?-------______isveryhot.A.ItB.ThatC.ThisD.Which解析:it可用来代替天气,如:It’sfinetoday(今天天气很好);故答案为:10)A.反身代词反身代词,myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)yourselves(你们自己)themselves(他们自己、她们自己、它们自己)第-12-页共12页 (十)某人亲自类1)-------WenJiabao_______wenttoSichuanagainthiswinter.---------Heisaverykindpremier.A.heB.himselfC.himD.his2).--------CanIhelpyou?--------Oh,thankyou,butIwanttodoit________.A.myselfB.myC.mineD.I解析:完整的句子后或主语加与其主语一致的反身代词,表“某人亲自之意”,如:Itookhimtomyschoolmyself/Imyselftookhimtomyschool(我亲自带他去了我们学校);故答案为:1)B.2)A.(十二)靠自己类3)--------WhotaughtyouJapanese?---------Nobody,Ilearntitby______.A.myB.mineC.ID.myself解析:by反身代词,靠某人自己;故答案为:3)D(十三)词组类4)-------Didyouenjoy_______inmypartyyesterday.-------Yes,ofcourse.A.youB.yourC.yourselfD.yours.解析:反身代词用于一些固定的短语。如:hurtoneself(伤到自己),enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime(玩的开心、过得愉快),helponeselfto(随便吃、喝),teachoneself=learn…byoneself(自学),lookatoneselfinthemirror(照镜子),saytooneself(自言自语),故答案为:4)C指示代词(十四)that与those类1)-------What"stheweatherlikeinInnerMongolia?-------TheweatherinChifengiscolderthan_______inHunan.A.itB.thisC.thatD.which2)--------What"sthepopulationofDaban?第-12-页共12页 -------ThepopulationofDabanissmallerthan______ofDaqing.A.thisB.itC.whichD.that3)Theapplesinthisbasketareredderthan_______inthatbasket.A.thisB.theyC.thoseD.these解析:that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复that,those后常跟介词短语(that/those+介词短语),that可代指可数名词单数或不可数名词,如:题1)、2);those可代指可数名词复数;如:题3),故答案为:1)C2)D3)C不定代词复合不定代词复合不定代词有:something(某事)somebody(某人)somewhere(某地)someone=somebody(某人)anything(某事,任何事)anybody(某人,任何人)anywhere(某地,任何地方)anyone=anybody(某人,任何人)everything(一切)everybody(每人)everywhere=hereandthere(到处、处处)everyone=everybody(每人、人人)nothing(什么都没有)nobody(无人、没人)nowhere(无处)noone=nobody(没人、无人);(十五)No类1)------YourJapaneseisveryexcellent,whotaughtyouJapanese?------_______,Ilearntitbymyself.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.EverybodyD.Nobody2)------Wheredoyouwanttogotomorrow?---------________,Ionlywanttostayathome,I"mtootired.A.SomewhereB.NowhereC.AnywhereD.Everywhere3)-------Whatcanyouseeinthatroom?--------_______,it"sanemptyroom.A.SomethingB.AnythingC.NothingD.Everything4)Heisthecleverestinhisclass,_______canstudybetterthanhimA.somebodyB.anybodyC.nooneD.everyone故答案为:1)D2)B3)C4)C(十六)some与any类5)------Wouldyoulike_______toeat?第-12-页共12页 ------No,justacupofcoffee.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything6)-------Goodmorning,doctor!Thereis________withmyear.-------YoucantakeanX-ray.A.nothingwrongB.wrongnothingC.somethingwrongD.wrongsomething7)-------Isthere_______intoday"snewspaper?--------No,nothing.A.somethinginterestingB.interestingsomethingC.interestinganythingD.anythinginteresting.8)-------CanIgowithyou?--------________canjoinusifhe/shewouldliketoprotecttheenvironment.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.NobodyD.Everybody9)-------WherecanIputmybook?--------_________.A.SomewhereB.AnywhereC.EverywhereD.Nowhere解析:some与any复合词翻译成“某***”时,some复合词多用于肯定句和想得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中,如:题5)、6);any复合词用于疑问句与否定句中,如:题7);但当any复合词翻译成“任何”时,可用于任何句型,如:题8)、9);另外当形容词修饰复合不定代词时,要放于复合不定代词后,如:题6)、7);故答案为:5)B6)C7)D8)B.9)B(十七)every类9)-------Is_______heretoday?-------No,LiuMingisnothere.A.nobodyB.anybodyC.everybodyD.somebody10)-------Ican"tfindmyEnglishbookhereandthere.--------Haha!________isnowhere.A.EverywhereB.NowhereC.SomewhereD.Anywhere故答案为:9)C10)A(十八)Both,all类11)-------Whatdoyourbrotherandyoursisterdo?第-12-页共12页 -------Theyare_______workersA.bothB.allC.eitherD.none12)-------Thereare56studentsinmyclass.-------_____ofthemarefromcountryside.A.BothB.AllC.NoneD.Noone13).-------Imetfiveforeignerinthatschool.-------They______teachinChina.A.allB.bothC.noneD.any14).Ihaveasister,we______studyinthesameschool.A.allB.bothC.noneD.any15)._____ofthetwostudentsarefromChifeng.A.AllB.BothC.NoneD.Every解析:Both(两者)都all(三者或以上)都,故答案为:11)A12)B.13)A14)B15)B.(十九)neither、none16)-------Whichdoyouprefer,anappleoranorange?--------_______,Iwantapear.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all17)--------WhoisfromGuangdong,WangMin,LuXinandHangLin?---------_______ofthemisfromthere.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all解析:neither(两者)都不,none(三者或以上)都不;故答案为:16)C17)B(二十)none与noone18)-------WhoisfromDanlian?-------______ofusisfromthere,we"reallfromChifeng.A.BothB.NooneC.NoneD.Neither19)--------YourJapaneseisveryexcellent,whotaughtyouJapanese?--------_______,Ilearntitbymyself.A.BothB.AllC.NoneD.Noone解析:none(三者或以上)都不与all意义相反,none可与of连用,但no第-12-页共12页 one=nobody不可与of连用;故答案为:18)C19)D(二十一)each,every,either类20)-------WhatdoyouthinkofJiangShiyi?--------Heisagoodstudent,______ofuslikehimverymuch.A.everyB.eachC.eitherD.none21)Weshoulddrinkplentyofwater_____day.A.everyB.eachC.eitherD.any22)Wecanhavemusicclass_____twodays.A.everyB.eachC.otherD.another23)--------Whichdoyoulikebetter,coffeeortea?--------______isOK.A.EveryB.EachC.EitherD.Neither.解析:1)Each:(两者或以上)每一强调个体,后加可数名词单数,可作代词、形容词、副词,可与of连用,如:题20)2)every:(三者或以上)每一的强调整体,后加可数名词单数,仅作定语,不可与of连用,如:题21);every+大于1的基数词+可数名词复数,表“每隔基数词个******”如:题22)3)Either:(两者之间)任何一个,后加可数名词单数,作代词、形容词、副词,题23),故答案为:21)B22)A23)C(二十二)many与much与most类24)Therearelotsofstudents,_______ofthemcomefromcountry.A.manyB.muchC.anyD.either25)ThereisalotofwindinChifeng,______ofitcanbeusedtomakeelectricity.A.manyB.muchC.anyD.either26)_____ofpeoplecanspeakEnglishinIndia.A.MuchB.AnyC.EitherD.Most27)______ofgoldisfromSouthAfricainthisshop.A.ManyB.AnyC.NeitherD.Most解析:many与much译为“许多”,既可以做形容词又可以做代词,many作形容词讲时后加可数名词复数,作代词时用来代替可数名词复数,如:题24)代替可数名词复数students;much作形容词讲时后加不可数名词,作代词时用来代替不可数名词,如:题25)代替不可数名词wind;第-12-页共12页 Most作形容词讲时本身可译成:“大多数的”后面可加可数名词复数或不可数名词,同时也是many和much的最高级形式,译为:最多的,作代词时表示“大多数的”,即可代替可数名词复数也可代替不可数名词,如:题26)代替的就是可数名词复数people;题27)代替的就是不可数名词gold;故答案为:24)A25)B26)D27)D(二十三)little、few、alittle、afew28)-------Howmuchsugardoyouneedforyoucoffee?-------_______isOK.A.LittleB.ManyC.FewD.Afew29)-------Howmanybooksdoyouwant?--------______areOK,Ihavenoenoughtimetoreadmany.A.FewB.AfewC.AlittleD.Little30)-------CanyouspeakEnglish?-------Yes,butonly_______.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew31)-------Howmanybooksdidyoureadlastweek?-------Only_______.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew解析:little作形容词修饰不可数名词,也可以作代词,代替不可数名词,译成:很少,表否定意义;alittle作形容词修饰不可数名词,也可以作代词,代替不可数名词,译成:几个,一点,表肯定意义;few作形容词修饰可数名词复数,也可以作代词,代替可数名词复数,译成:很少,表否定意义;afew作形容词修饰可数名词复数,也可以作代词,代替可数名词复数,译成:几个、一点,表肯定意义;答案为:28)A.代替不可数名词sugar29)A.代替可数名词复数books,表否定意义,30)Conlyalittle是固定词组,这里的little代替不可数名词English,31).Donlyafew是固定词组,这里的few代替的是可数名词复数books。(二十四)theother、theothers、another、others32)Ihavetwobrothers,oneisadoctor,_______isateacher.A.otherB.theotherC.theothersD.another33)LiDongisthetallestboyinmyclass,heistallerthan______inmyclass.A.othersB.theothersC.theotherD.another第-12-页共12页 34)Therearefiftystudentsinmyclass.SomearefromChifeng,somearefromChaoYang,______arefromTongliao.A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.another35)ThisT-shirtisshortforme,doyouhave_______.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.others解析:1.theother表特指“两者中的另一个”,句型结构为:one***,theother***;既可作形容词又可作代词,作形容词时,后面加可数名词单数;作代词时,代替可数名词单数;2.theothers表“两部分中另一部分,”只作代词,代替可数名词复数;3.another表泛“(三者或三者以上)另一个”,既可作形容词又可作代词,作形容词时,后面加可数名词单数;作代词时,代替可数名词单数;4.Other表“其他的”,既可作形容词又可作代词,作形容词时,后面加可数名词复数;作代词时,代替可数名词复数,为:others,常用句型:some***,some***,others***,答案为:32)B这里表“两者中另一个”theother作代词,代替可数名词单数brother;33)B这里把全班学生分为了两部分,LiDong是一部分,其他同学是另一部分,表特指,这里“theothers”代替的是其他同学;34)C.见句型some***,some***,others***,这里others作代词,代替其他同学;35)C这里的another作代词,代指商店里的另一个T-shirt。词组(二十五)词组类1)1.Youmaycometomyhouse____thisweek____nextweek.A.neither;orB.both,andC.either;orD.either,nor解析:Either…or…或者……或者……;neither....nor...既不...也不...;both...and.......和....都,答案为:1)C.最后:关于疑问代词见特殊疑问词一章;真题演练:1.Youmaycometomyhouse____thisweek____nextweek.A.neither;orB.from;toC.either;orD.either;nor2.Idon"tthinkwecandoitall____.第-12-页共12页 A.byourselvesB.bymyselfC.byourselfD.byyourselves3.Idon"twantthisshirt.Pleaseshowme____.A.othersB.theothersC.anotherD.theother4.Ican"trepairthemodelship____.Canyouhelp?A.me;meB.myself;myselfC.myself;meD.me;myself5.Doesyourbrotheroftenwashclothes?A.heB.himselfC.herselfD.him6.WestudyChinese,English,mathsandsomesubjects.A.theotherB.oneC.otherD.another7.Ihavetwosisters.ofthemaredoctors.A.BothB.AllC.EitherD.Neither8.Thebookontheshelfis.Shewrotenameonitscover.A.Hers;her;herselfB.Her;hers;herselfC.Herself;her;hersD.Her;herself;herself9."Don"tworry.There"smuchwrongwithyou."saidthedoctor.A.nothingB.everythingC.somethingD.very10.Thispairofshoesistoosmall.Youmaybuy____.A.anotherB.otherC.the.othersD.others11.IaskedJimandBobtocometomyhousefordinner,but____ofthemcame.A.bothB.neitherC.allD.either12.Theyareinthesamesize,soyoumaytake____halfofthecake.A.eachB.bothC.neitherD.either13.BettyandJohnhavecomeback,but____studentsintheclassaren"thereyet.A.theotherBothersC.anotherD.theothers14.Yourmotheriskindness____.A.itselfB.herselfC.oneselfD.himself15.Shestayedtherelongerthan____.A.anyoneB.anythingelseC.anybodyD.anybodyelse16.Isthisherbike?No,itisn"t.It"s____.A.mineB.myC.meD.第-12-页共12页 he"s17.____LiPing"sbrother.A.HerB.HisC.He"sD.She"s18.Heisaboy.nameisWangBing.A.HeB.HisC.HerD.He"s19.What"sthis?.A.It"sabreadB.ItisabreadC.It"sbreadD.This"sbread20.Thebowlsareonthetable.Therearesomeeggsin.A.theB.themC.itD.he21.Lethaveameeting.A.meB.youC.usD.me22.MotheroftenseesonSunday.A.herallfriendsB.allherfriendC.herfriendsD.herallfriend.23.WhenyouseeTomandhissister,tellthatmotheriswaitingatthegate.A.his;hisB.her;hersC.them;theirD.his;her24.HewantsyoutotalkaboutChina.A.anythingB.nothingC.thingD.something25.Grannyseemsill.Areyousureit"s?A.nothingseriousB.anythingseriousC.seriousnothingD.seriousanythingThekeytotheexercises:1-5CACCB6-10CAAAA11-15BDABD16-20ACBCB21-25CBCDA第-12-页共12页