2013高考必备 高中英语语法精品资料 非谓语 41页

如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。说明与词汇、听力、阅读、写作相比，语法实际是最容易学的，（你可以问问英语成绩优秀的学生）但许多同学学了许多年英语后，语法仍然是一塌糊涂。有的学生也下了很大决心想把语法学好，但在努力了相当长的时间之后还是没有明显进步，最终决定放弃。有的老师在语法上投入了很多，让学生做了很多题，也投入了大量时间来评讲，但学生的语法长进仍不大，最后“顿悟”了，说，“在语法上付出太多时间不值得。”语法真的不重要吗？如果有人说语法不重要，那一定是违心的，因为谁都知道高考多考一分多么重要，而学好语法不仅可以提高单选的得分，又可提高阅读、改错和作文的得分，增的又何止十分八分？而切，单选题和作文上的得分一般是不会有什么变数的，而阅读题的得分还要看考场发挥地如何。说在语法上付出时间不值得，实际上是在承认自己在语法学习上或教学上是失败的。为什么那么多人都学不好语法呢？一方面是因为现在盛行的教学理论在作怪。它把外语教学和母语与第二语言的教学混为一起，过于强调语言的“习得”，而完全忽视了传统的语法教学，导致学生的语法基础较差。另一方面，因为没有合适的语法资料。教材上的语法讲解，“千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面”，总是放不下架子，就是讲一点，其深度比考试的难度要低得多，根本靠不住。书店里的语法资料，一类是语法大家们编的，旨在解释一些语法现象，本来就不是给高中学生看的，有些知识学生看了没有用，有些知识学生根本看不懂。再一类就是一些名校编的资料，先是笼统的语法讲解，再弄点题一凑就好了。讲的多，练的少，结果是学生前学后忘，印象不深。学生平时做的语法题都过于靠高考，强调覆盖面，什么都有，一半题学生都不会做。老师就是讲，也没时间系统地讲，学生一知半解，课后，又没有针对性很强的题进行巩固，学生还是学得稀里糊涂。所以就造成了，学生题没少做，老师没少讲，学生语法还是没进步。高一时，语法单选题，学生能对半错，学到了高考，还是对半错。而《语法通霸》则可有效地解决上述问题。在编排上，该书有以下特点：一、针对性强。在编写时，用的是“归纳”法。先下载近十几年的高考真题，再按语法专题归类，然后，每个语法专题再按考点归类，归类时特别注意了学生学习过程中的难点和易混点，最后再在需要的地方加上必要的讲解，所以重难点突出，详略得当，针对性强。二、讲练结合。对于每一个考点在简明讲解之后，都安排了适量的练习题。这些题都是精心筛选出来的。主要是从其典型性、思维容量和所含语言点是否丰富，写作是否能用，里面是否含有完形填空可能出的词等多个方面考虑，因此也有相当多的题是保留了十几年前的题而舍弃了近几年的高考题。三、题量科学。我们发现，针对每个考点的练习量如果过大的话，效果也不好。练习量少的话，譬如两三个，我们就可以轻松自如的在脑中翻动、回味这些题，效果反而更好。因此，就忍痛删去了许多来之不易的好题。四、重视习题排序。有的同学说，如果把相似题排列在一起的话，学生容易猜到答案，而不去思考。所以，今年再版时，开始时是把不同类型的题混在一起，但再看时，发觉做后效果反而不好了。做后印象不深、规律在脑中不清晰。然后又把题按类型排列，相近的题列在一起。再看一遍，感觉真好！。学知识同向某个空间放东西一样，有条理了就好放也好记也好找，杂乱了就不好放，用时也不容易找到。科学家对大脑的研究也表明，信息在脑中存放、排列是有规律的。五、考点目录化。为了便于使用，本书编了详细的目录，分为“章”、“讲”和“考点”3Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。三个级别。一位高三学生在留言中说，“每次做英语题的时候有问题，我就拿出你的《远航英语》一翻，都出现在里面了，我真诚的感谢你用了大量的时间来给我们编辑这本书，谢谢你”六、讲、练、考一体化。前面第一部分是考点精讲精练，后面第二部分是单元过关测试。过关测试题基本上也都是高考题，覆盖面较大，既可以对前面所学知识进一步巩固，也可当作测试题用。七、语法、写作同步提高。这次改编，增加了“作文专项技能提升”这个部分，基础好的学生，可以利用这部分的习题来提高自己的写作能力。《语法通霸》的这种编排，使学生一看就懂，一做就会，从而解决了语法学习中费时低效的问题。老师利用这本资料，可以使语法课不再空洞乏味。学生利用这本书，可以使语法学习变得有趣高效，优生利用此书来巩固自己的学科优势，待优生利用此书来实现英语上的彻底逆转。所以这本书从它诞生那天起，就深受师生欢迎。它帮助许多学生提高了英语成绩，成为许多老师备课时必不可缺少的工具书。去年，《语法通霸》的部分电子文档上传到网上后，成为网上的热门资料，有许多老师愿意出数百元来购买完整的电子文档以便自己上课用。书更是供不应求。一位老师说，“你的这本书已经成为我和学生必不可缺少的工具书，我们每天每堂课都会带到教室，如果学生在哪个方面不懂，我们就立即翻阅相关的题来做。”“好多学生看着我用这本书，都恨不得自己也有一本。”还有老师说，“只要我教着学，我都会用你的书”。（更多网友评论可以到329950885的QQ空间去查看或到淘宝宝贝详情中查看）在使用这本书的方法上，我的看法是，与其看好多书，前做后忘，还不如反复看一本书。“重复是记忆之母”。除了“查”和“做”之外，还有同学花费大量时间来“读”这本书，效果非常好。真要读熟的话，高考语法肯定没问题。更重要的是，“读”可以更有好地来提高写作能力。我以前在学习的过程中，曾把一本有关词汇记忆的单选题书读了九遍，后来摇摇头，感觉满脑子的英语句子在晃荡，要写篇好的英语文章，可以说是“出口成章”。最后，祝愿各位同学学习进步，也祝愿各位同行及家长朋友身体健康、快乐常伴、工作顺利！编者2012年9月3Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。3Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第五章非谓语1第一部分考点精讲精练1考点1.谓语和非谓语1第1讲作主语1考点1.动词不定式作主语与动名词作主语的区别1考点2.what在问句中作主语时，常用动名词短语来回答1写作专练1.正确选择不定式或动名词做主语(P29)1第2讲作宾语2考点1.有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语2考点2.有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语2考点3.有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别3考点4.except,but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式，不用to,否则要带to4考点5.Remaintobedone4考点6.介词后跟动名词做宾语4考点7.含有用作介词to的常考短语4写作专练2.掌握后面跟不定式做宾语和后面跟动名词做宾语的常用动词及to做介词(P30)5第3讲作表语5考点1.动词不定式作表语同动名词作表语的区别5考点2.动词不定式作表语时，to的省略问题5考点3.动名词作表语同进行时的区别5考点4.现在分词和过去分词作表语时相当于-ed形容词和-ing形容词5考点5.betoblame应为某事负责（参看P7考点4.④）5写作专练3.非谓语做表语时应注意(P30)5第4讲作定语5考点1.现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式作定语时，看与所修饰词之间的关系5考点2.theway后面常用不定式做定语6考点3.名词前有序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语7考点4.不定式做定语何时用主动式何时用被动式7考点5.不定式做定语和所修饰词之间的逻辑关系7考点6.现在分词同动名词作定语的区别8考点7.done与beingdone做定语时的区别8写作专练4.用好非谓语做定语(P31)8第5讲反射不定式(Englishishardtolearn.)8写作专练5.正确使用反射不定式(P31)8第6讲作状语9考点1.伴随状语9考点2.时间状语9考点3.结果状语9考点4.原因状语10考点5.条件状语10考点6.目的壮语10考点7.表伴随还是表目的10考点8.做状语用done还是beingdone11考点9.soasto,so…asto,suchasto与inorderto11考点10.havetrouble/aproblem/difficulty/fun(in)doing句式12考点11.方式状语12写作专练6.使用非谓语做状语，轻松写高级句式(P31)12第7讲作补语12考点1.和宾语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作补语12考点2.常用现在分词作补语的词12考点3.动词不定式作宾补13考点4.have后宾补的几种情况14考点5.forbid,require,advise,recommend,allow,permit,跟动名词做宾语，不定式做宾补14写作专练7.注意宾语补足语的形式(P32)14第8讲非谓语的完成式、进行式、被动式和否定式143Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.非谓语的完成式14考点2.非谓语的进行式15考点3.非谓语的被动式15考点4.非谓语的否定式，是在非谓语前面直接加not16写作专练8.非谓语的完成式、进行式、被动式和否定式(P32)16第9讲独立主格结构16考点1.独立主格结构的构成16考点2.独立主格结构与定语从句17考点3.独立主格结构与状语从句17考点4.利用独立主格结构，轻松写高级句式18写作专练9.利用独立主格，轻松写高级句式(P32)18第10讲动词不定式和动名词的复合结构18考点1.动词不定式的复合结构（forsb.todosth.与ofsb.todosth.）18考点2.动名词的复合结构（somebody’sdoing或somebodydoing）19写作专练10.用好动名词复合结构和动词不定式复合结构(P33)19第11讲连词加非谓语与省略句19考点1.状语从句的省略，同时具备的两个条件19考点2.状语从句的"省略"现象常存在于五种状语从句中19考点3.省略后的结构可称为“连词+非谓语形式”，主要有七种类型19写作专练11.使用省略句（连词＋非谓语）来提高句式档次(P33)20第12讲therebe与非谓语20考点1.there+be+名词+doing/done/todo20考点2.Therebe句型用作非谓语21考点3.There’s/It’snouse/useless/ofnouse/nogooddoingsomething22考点4.Thereisnodoing结构。其意为“不可能…”、“无法…”22写作专练12.therebe句型与非谓语(P33)22第13讲somebodyissaidtodo22考点1.把不定式的动作时间和谓语的动作的发生时间相比较22写作专练13.尝试使用Somebodyissaidto这个句式(P34)23第14讲其它考点23考点1.Beafraidof,beafraidto23考点2.ed分词和ing分词(参看P错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。)23考点3.Wemustdowhateverwecantohelp24考点4.不定式to后的省略24考点5.不定式符号to的省略24考点6.连接词+不定式25考点7.独立结构25考点8.非谓语作状语时，其逻辑主语应是句子主语26考点9.并列谓语还是非谓语26写作专练14.运用非谓语的其它相关知识(参看P34)27第二部分专题过关测试27第三部分写作能力提升29写作专练1.正确选择不定式或动名词做主语（参看P1第1讲）29写作专练2.熟练掌握后面跟不定式做宾语和后面跟动名词做宾语的情况（参看P1第2讲）30写作专练3.非谓语做表语时应注意（参看P5第3讲）30写作专练4.用好非谓语做定语（参看P5第4讲）31写作专练5.正确使用反射不定式（参看P8第5讲）31写作专练6.使用非谓语做状语，轻松写高级句式（参看P8第6讲）31写作专练7.注意宾语补足语的形式（参看P12第7讲）32写作专练8.非谓语的完成式、进行式、被动式和否定式（参看P14第8讲）32写作专练9.利用独立主格结构，轻松写高级句式（参看P16第9讲）33写作专练10.用好动名词复合结构和动词不定式复合结构（参看P18第10讲）33写作专练11.使用省略句（连词＋非谓语）来提高句式档次（参看P19第11讲）33写作专练12.therebe句型与非谓语（参看P20第12讲）34写作专练13.尝试使用Somebodyissaidto这个句式（参看22第13讲）343Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。写作专练14.运用非谓语的其它相关知识（参看P23第14讲）343Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。3Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。非谓语第一部分考点精讲精练35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.谓语和非谓语在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再出现动词时，要变成非谓语形式。(参看：P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.)英语中非谓语动词包括：动名词，现在分词，过去分词和动词不定式。无论它们在句中作什么成分，他们都保持着自己本身的属性特点。动名词：具有名词功能，常在句中作：主语，宾语；作定语时表功能；现在分词:表主动和正在进行,常在句中作：定语，状语，宾补；过去分词：被动和已完成，常在句中作：定语，状语，补语；动词不定式：表将来具体某一次，常在句中作；主语；定语，状语，补语，宾语等。要学好非谓语，掌握它们的本身属性很关键35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲作主语35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.动词不定式作主语与动名词作主语的区别动词原形是不能作主语的。动词作主语时，如果侧重于表示经常性，在动词后面加ing构成动名词来做主语；如果侧重于表示将来特定的某一次，则用动词不定式来做主语。Playingbasketballismyfavoritesport.(“打篮球”指经常性，因此用动名词。)Togotoakeycollegeishisdream.(“上名牌大学”指特定的将来的某一次，用不定式)有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时，要么都用动名词。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.1.___isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2._______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.A.ExposedB.havingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed3.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquicklyC.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly4.__________nowseemsimpossible.A.SavingmoneyB.TosavemoneyC.BeingsavedmoneyD.Tobesavedmoney5.【2009四川】Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussionA.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had考点2.what在问句中作主语时，常用动名词短语来回答6.WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?_______hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing写作专练1.正确选择不定式或动名词做主语(P29)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第2讲作宾语35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。作主语用动词不定式还是动名词主要是看主语表示的动作是将来还是经常性；作宾语用动词不定式还是动名词主要是看谓语动词的搭配。考点1.有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语这类及物动词常见的有：agree(同意),ask(请、要),attempt(试图),afford付得起agree同意ask要求apply申请care(想要),choose(决定、要),decide(决定),desire(希望),determine(决心),help帮助expect(期望),fail(未能),hope(希望),intend(打算),learn(学习),manage(设法),offer(愿意),plan(计划、打算),pretend(假装),refuse(拒绝、谢绝),wish(希望),promise(答应)，want（想要）等等。1.Weasked___toworkinthecountryside.A.tobesentB.tosendC.tobesendingD.sending2.【2010江西】Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting.A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered3.Iexpected__________yourfriend,butmycarbrokedownontheway.A.I’llmeetB.meetingC.tomeetingD.tomeet4.Shetoldmethatshehaddecided__________again.A.benotlateB.notbelateC.nottobelateD.tobenotlate5.Almosteveryonefails__________onthefirsttry.A.inpassinghisdriver’stestB.topasshisdriver’stestC.tohavepassedhisdriver’stestD.passinghisdriver’stest6.Thetwoweaverspretended__________veryhard,thoughtheydidnothingatthelooms.A.workB.workingC.tobeworkedD.tobeworking7.Whenhegotoffthetrain,ithappened__________.A.torainB.toberainingC.rainingD.toraining8.Ididn’t__________ituntilyouhadexplainedhow.A.managetodoB.managedtodoC.managetohavedoneD.managedoing9.Theyoungdriveroffered_________thepatientoutofthecar.A.tohandB.handingC.handsD.wouldhand10.Thewhitehorserefused__________thestonewall.A.itsjumpingB.tojumpC.jumpingupD.tojumpat考点2.有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语：admit承认advise建议allow允许appreciate感激avoid避免consider考虑delay推迟deny否认discuss讨论dislike不喜欢enjoy喜爱escape逃脱excuse原谅fancy设想finish完成forbid禁止forgive原谅giveup放弃imagine想象keep保持mention提及mind介意miss没赶上pardon原谅permit允许practice练习prevent阻止prohibit禁止putoff推迟risk冒险stop停止suggest建议feellike想做某事11.Iwouldappreciate__________backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling12.Sheenjoys__________lightmusic.A.tohearB.hearingC.listeningtoD.tolistento13.Youcankeepthebookuntilyou__________.A.havefinishedreadingB.finishtoreadC.willfinishreadingD.havefinishedtoread14.Alisaidthatshewouldn’tmind_________aloneathome.A.leftB.beingleftC.tobeleftD.leaving15.Ifyoukeep__________English,youcanlearnEnglishwell.A.practicingspeakB.practicingspeakingC.practicingtospeakD.topractisespoken16.Weareconsidering_________anewplan.A.makingB.beingmadeC.tomakeD.tohavemade17.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed__________.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch18.Canyouimagineyourself__________onadesertisland?A.stayingB.stayC.havestayedD.beingstayed19.Wecanunderstandwhyheavoids__________tous.A.tospeakB.speechC.havingspokenD.speaking20.Pleaseexcusemy_________inwithout_________.A.come,askingB.coming,askingC.tocome,beingaskedD.coming,beingasked21.Whyhavetheydelayed__________thenewschool?A.openingB.toopenC.havingopenedD.tohaveopened22.She__________thekey.A.admitedtakingB.admittedtakeC.admittedhavingtakenD.admittedtohavetaken23.【2008上海春】Asanewdriver,Ihavetopractice_________thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagain　A.parkingB.toparkC.parkedD.park　　24.【2009上海】Billsuggested______ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.【2011四川】Lydiadoesn’tfeellike_____abroad.Herparentsareold.A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy考点1.有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别forget/rememberdoing/havingdone跟动名词作宾语，记得还是忘了以前曾经做的事forget/remembertodo还未做regretdoingsth.对做过的某事表示后悔regrettosay,很抱歉的说meantodo,打算作某事；meandoing,意味着trytodo,尽力作某事；trydoing,尝试着作某事want/need/requiredoingsth,表示被动等于want/need/requiretobedonelike/hatedoing,经常性的like/hatetodo,特定的某一次be/getusedtodoing习惯于做某事usedtodo过去经常做某事beusedtodo被用来做can’thelpdoing=can’thelpbutdo忍不住做某事can’thelp(to)do不能帮助做某事stopdoing停止正在做着的某事stoptodo停下来做别的事情(todo是目的状语)goondoing继续做原来做的事goontodo接着干别的事情2.LittleJimshouldlove__________tothetheatrethisevening.AtobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking3.---“Didyouclosethedoor?”---“Yes,Iremember__________it.”A.tocloseB.toclosingC.closingD.closed4.【2012安徽】IrememberedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked5.I’msorryIforgot_______yourdictionary.Let’sborrowonefromLiMing.A.totakeB.takingC.tobringD.bringing6.Henryalwaysforgetsthingshehasdone.Yesterdayheforgot__________andlookedforiteverywhere.A.toposttheletterB.tohavetheletterpostedC.tohavepostedtheletterD.havingpostedtheletter7.Mybrotherregretted__________alecturegivenbyProfessorLiu.A.missingB.tomissC.missedD.beingmissed8.Iregret__________youthatweareunabletoofferyouajob.A.informingB.havinginformedC.toinformD.toinforming9.Ifelttiredwithwalking,soIstopped__________abreakforanhour.A.havingB.tohaveC.takingD.totaking10.Theteachertoldthestudentstostop__________tohim.A.towriteandlistenB.writingandlisteningC.towriteandlisteningD.writingandtolisten11.---Iusuallygotherebytrain.---Whynot____byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing12.【2008湖南】Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_____alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.A.livingB.toliveC.tobelivingD.havinglived　13.Youdidn’thearuscomeinlastnight.That’sgood.Wetried____noisy.A.tobenotB.nottobeC.notbeingD.beingnot14.Thegrasshasgrownsotallthatitneeds_________.A.tocutB.tobecutitC.cuttingD.beingcut15.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest____inourcity.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepaired16.Theseyoungtreesrequire__________carefully.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedatD.lookingfor17.Thesentencewants__________oncemore.A.toexplainB.explainingC.beingexplainedD.tobeexplainedit18.Hehasn’tgotused______inthecountrysideyet.A.liveB.toliveC.tolivingD.living19.Averywell-knownperson__________inthishouse.A.isusedtoliveB.usedtoliveC.isusedtolivingD.usedtoliving20.Missingthetrainmeans__________foranhour.A.towaitB.tobewaitedC.beingwaitedD.waiting21.Imeant__________you,butIwassobusy.A.tocallonB.callingonC.tocallatD.callingat22.Iknowit’snotimportant,butIcan’thelp_aboutitA.tothinkB.andthinkC.thinkingD.beingthought23.I’mbusy___fortheentranceexamination,soIcan’thelp__houseworkA.preparing,doingB.preparing,todoC.toprepare,doingD.toprepare,todo考点2.except,but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式，不用to,否则要带to24.Thereisnothingtodoexcept___tillitstopsraining35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。.A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.waits1.Standingonthetopofthehill,Iwouldnotdoanythingbut___theflowingofthesmogaroundme.A.enjoyB.enjoyingC.enjoyedD.toenjoy考点1.Remaintobedone2.Itremains_____whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen考点2.介词后跟动名词做宾语4.【2012北京】Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand______them.A.correctsB.correctC.tocorrectD.correcting5.【2012福建】ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom______intheSouthChinaSea.A.attackingB.havingattackedC.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked考点3.含有用作介词to的常考短语1.beaddictedto沉溺于；对…上瘾Heisaddictedtogambling.他沉溺于赌博。2.devoteoneselftodoingsth./bedevotedto献身于做某事/专心致力于做某事把…Shedevotedherselftohelpingthepoor.她致力于帮助穷人。Charliedevoteshistimetoreading.查理的时间都用于读书。Herlifewasdevotedtocaringforthesickandneedy.她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。3.beequaltodoingsth等于做某事，能胜任做某事Thisisequaltosayingthatheknowsherwell.这就等于说他很熟悉她。Shedidn’tfeelequaltoreceivingvisitors.她感到身体不适,不能会客。4.objecttodoingsth反对做某事,haveanobjectiontodoingsth反对(反感)做某事Heobjectedtobeingtreatedlikeachild.他反对被当作小孩子看待。Hehasastrongobjectiontogettingupsoearly.他很反感这么早就起床。5.beopposedtodoingsth反对做某事Sheseemsverymuchopposedtoyourgoingabroad.她好像很反对你出国。I’mopposedtotellinghimthenewsatonce.我反对马上告诉他这个消息。6.reducesb.todoingsth使某人沦为做某事Hungerreducedthemtostealing.饥饿使他们沦落为盗贼。Hewasreducedtobeggingforfood.最后他沦为乞丐。7.payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事Weshouldpaymoreattentiontounitingandworkingwiththecomradeswhodifferwithus.我们应该更注意团结那些与自己意见不同的同志工作。8.beusedtodoingsth/beaccustomedtodoing习惯于做某事Johnhasgotusedtosleepinglate.约翰已习惯很晚睡觉了。Iamnotaccustomedtobeingtreatedlikethis.我不习惯被这样对待。9.getdowntodoingsth开始做某事，认真处理某事It’stimewegotdowntosomeseriouswork.我们该认真干点正事了Afterlunchwegotdowntodiscussingtheissueofpay.午餐之后,我们开始认真讨论报酬的问题。10.lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事Wearelookingforwardtoreceivinghisletter.我们盼望收到他的回信。Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.盼早日收到你的来信。11.come/benear/closetodoingsth几乎做某事,差点就做某事Iwasneartoscreaming.我险些喊叫起来。Icameneartoforgettingmyraincoat.我差点把雨衣给忘了。Wehadanoutstandingseasonandcamesoclosetowinningthetitleagain.12.inadditiontodoingsth除做某事之外Inadditiontogivingmesomeadvice,hegavemesomemoney.他不仅给我提了些忠告,而且还给了我一些钱。13.keytodoingsth做某事的关键Yettransportationisthekeytogettingthisfoodtothechildrenandtheirfamilies.交通是把这事物送给那些孩子和他们家人的关键。14.makecontributionsto对…作贡献Everyoneshouldmakeacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment.每一个人都应当对保护环境做出贡献。15.whenitcomesto…谈到……时Thereisnoshortageofideaswhenitcomestoimprovingtheeducationofchildren.当谈及改善孩子教育时，是不缺乏主意的。写作专练1.35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。掌握后面跟不定式做宾语和后面跟动名词做宾语的常用动词及to做介词(P30)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲作表语35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.动词不定式作表语同动名词作表语的区别表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语，表示经常性时常用动名词作表语。1.Herwishis__________anengineer.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcome2.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis__________.A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishingD.beingfish考点2.动词不定式作表语时，to的省略问题动词不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to3.WhatYangLiweiwantedtodowhenhegotoutofthespaceshipwas___thejoywithalltheChinese.A.shareB.sharedC.havingsharedD.abouttoshare4.Ithinkthebestthingyoushoulddois_________anotherjob.A.lookingforB.lookedforC.lookforD.abouttolookfor考点3.动名词作表语同进行时的区别动名词作表语时是说明主语的职责和功能等，和主语是对等关系，没有正在进行之意，而现在分词有正在进行之意如：Myjobislookingafterthechildren.(looking为动名词)Heislookingafterthebaby.(looking为现在分词)考点4.现在分词和过去分词作表语时相当于-ed形容词和-ing形容词-ing形容词，令人。。。的；-ed形容词，令人感到。。。的，有被动意味。（参看P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）5.Tomsoundsverymuchinthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit．A.interestedB.interestingC.interestinglyD.interestedly6.Climbingmountainswas______,soweallfelt______.A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired7.Wemusttreasureeveryminutebecause___timeis___forever.A.lost,losingB.lost,lostC.losing,losingD.losing,lost8.Pleaseremain　　　　untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A．tosealB．tobeseatedC．seatingD．seated考点5.betoblame应为某事负责（参看P7考点4.④）Thecarelessdriverwastoblamefortheaccident.那个粗心的司机应为这场事故负责。写作专练1.非谓语做表语时应注意(P30)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第2讲作定语35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式和动名词都可作定语。一般不用非谓语的完成式作定语。考点1.现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式作定语时，看与所修饰词之间的关系如果构成主动关系，（有时还表正在进行）用现在分词；如果构成被动关系，（已完成），用过去分词；表将来特定某一次，用动词不定式。【主动关系和被动关系：参看P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.】1.Thelittleboystillneedsthe___20dollarstodowithsomethings__.A.remaining,remainedtobesettledB.remaining,remainingtobesettled.C.remained,remainedtosettleD.remained,remainingtosettle2.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung3.Thebell___theendoftheperiodrang,_____our35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。heateddiscussion.A.indicating,interruptingB.indicated,interruptingC.indicating,interruptedD.indicated,interrupted1.Tigers___meat-eatinganimals___meat.A.belongedto,fedonB.belongingto,feedonC.belongingto,feedingonD.belongedto,feedingon2.--Haven’tyouseenthesign___“NOPHOTO”?--I’msorryIdidn’t.A.readsB.toreadC.readD.reading3.【2009湖南】Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,______inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered4.【2010浙江】Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand________lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing5.【2011全国I】Thenextthinghesawwassmoke______frombehindthehouse.A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen6.【2011江西】Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswife_____shehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromoffice.A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay7.【2011江苏】Recentlyasurvey_____pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared8.【2011山东】Lookoverthere—there’saverylong,windingpath______uptothehouse.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead9.【2012湖南】Thelecture,_____at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.startingB.beingstartedC.tostartD.tobestarted10.【2012上海】"Genius"isacomplicatedconcept,__manydifferentfactors.A.involvedB.involvingC.toinvolveD.beinginvolved11.“Things_________nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.A．lostB．losingC．toloseD．havelost12.Thewallet________severaldaysagowasfound______inthedustbinoutsidethebuilding.A.stolen;hidingB.stealing;hiddenC.tobestolen;hidingD.stolen;hidden13.【2009全国I】Nowthatwe"vediscussedourproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions？A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake14.【2012山东】Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope________.A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide15.【2010北京】I"mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition________inyesterday"sChinaDaily.A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised16.【2010湖南】Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney________inthelibrary.A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered17.【2010四川】Agreatnumberofstudentssaidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioning18.【2011全国II】Theisland,______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined19.【2011湖南】Theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected20.【2012浙江】"It"ssuchaniceplace,"Mothersaidasshesatatthetable______forcustomers.A.tobereservedB.havingreservedC.reservingD.reserved21.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson____.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto22.【2009安徽】Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture．A．producedB．beingproducedC．tobeproducedD．havingbeenproduced23.【2012重庆】We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade考点1.theway后面常用不定式做定语（链接thewaytohelphim=thewayofhelpinghim;onone’swayhome,onone’swaytoschool）24.That’sthebestwayyouthoughtof___intothedangerousarea.A.stoppingpeoplegettingB.tokeeppeoplegettingC.preventingpeoplefromgettingD.tostoppeoplegetting考点2.名词前有序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。也包括被thenext,thelast,theonly,thevery等限定词时词。HeistheoldestactorevertowinanOscar.他是获得奥斯卡年龄最大的演员。ItisnamedaftertheonlymantoeverplayforboththeLionsandAustralia.http://dict.youdao.com/example/to_ever/-#(该奖杯)由唯一一个先后代表过狮子队和澳大利亚队比赛的运动员命名。Shewaslabeledasoneofthemostbeautifulwomentoeverhitmodeling.http://dict.youdao.com/example/to_ever/-#她被认为是有史以来模特界最漂亮的女人之一。1.Helovesparties.Heisalwaysthefirst_____andthelast__________.A.coming;leavingB.tocome;toleaveC.comes;leavesD.come;leave2.【2008全国1】---Thelastone___paysthemeal.---Agreed!A．arrivedB．arrivesC．toarriveD．arriving考点1.不定式做定语何时用主动式何时用被动式①句中有动作的执行者时，用主动式。不定式和所修饰词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且句中有动作的执行者时，用主动式。此时，动词不定式要有及物性，且不用被动语态3.I’mnotsurewhichrestaurant___________.A.toeatonB.eatingatC.toeatatD.foreating4.Willyoupleasetellmewhyyouhadnopen____inclass?A.tohavewrittenB.tobewrittenwithC.tohavebeenwrittenD.towritewith5.Iamverybusy.Ihaveaverydifficultproblem______.A.toworkB.toworkoutC.tobeworkedoutD.toworkitout6.【2010山东】Ihavealotofreadings_________beforetheendofthisterm.A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted②句中没有动作执行者时，动词不定式用被动式7.Itisoneoftheimportantproblems______tomorrow.A.tosolveB.tobesolvedC.solvedD.solving8.Harrycan’tattendtheparty___atTom’shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingthespeechattheparty___atMarie’shousetomorrow.A.held;beingheldB.tobeheld;tobeheldC.tobeheld;heldD.beingheld;tobeheld9.【2010陕西】Hisfirstbook________nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished10.【2012重庆】We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade③有时用被动表示让别人做11.I’mgoingtothesupermarket.Haveyougotanything_________?A.boughtB.tobeboughtC.tobuyD.beingbought12.I’llgobacktoourhometowntomorrow.Haveyougotanything____toyourparents?No,thankyou.I’llbebackinafewdays.A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaken13.“Doyouhaveanyclothes__________today?”themaidasked.A.towashB.tobewashedC.washD.bewashed④(be)Toblame应为某事负责，不用被动14.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenseofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone____.A.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed15.Themotherdidn’tknowwho___forthebrokenglass.A.blamedB.wouldblameC.toblameD.beblamed16.Thepolicyispartly___forcausingtheworstunemploymentinEurope.A.tobeblamedB.toblameC.beingblamedD.blaming考点2.不定式做定语和所修饰词之间的逻辑关系不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。①主谓关系：被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。如：Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththeproject.（someonewillhelpwiththeproject）我们需要有人来帮忙干这个工程。②动宾关系：被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。如：Ihavemanyassignmentstodo.（todoassignments）我有许多作业要做。③同位关系：不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。WehavemadeaplantolearnfromLeiFeng.我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。④状语关系：被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多是抽象名词。如：That"sthewaytodoit.（todoitintheway）35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。那样做才对。Ihavenotimetogothere.(togothereinthetime)我没有时间去那儿。1.【2012北京】Birds’singingissometimesisawarningtootherbirds______away.A.tostayB.stayingC.stayedD.stay2.【2011湖南】Theability_____anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed考点1.现在分词同动名词作定语的区别动名词表功能：awalkingstick拐杖drinkingwater饮用水asleepingbag睡袋alivingroom起居室现在分词表正在进行：awalkingman正在走路的人asleepingbaby正在睡觉的婴儿alivingplant活着的植物考点2.done与beingdone做定语时的区别<链接：P11考点8>过去分词做（done）做定语表被动和已完成；现在分词的被动式（beingdone）做定语表被动和正在进行。Thehousebuiltlastyearwaspulleddownlastweek.去年建的那座房子上周拆除了。Thehousebeingbuiltnowwillbecompletednextmonth.正在建的这座房子将在下个月完工。3.【2012上海】Theclub,__25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers.A.foundedB.foundingC.beingfoundedD.tobefounded4.【2009北京】Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit___onhisownfarm.A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow5.Harrycan’tattendtheparty___atTom’shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingthespeechattheparty___atMarie’shousetomorrow.A.held,beingheldB.tobeheld,tobeheldC.tobeheld,heldD.beingheld,tobeheld6.______hisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting______then.A.Holding;beingheldB.Held;holdingC.Havingheld;heldD.Held;tobeheld写作专练1.用好非谓语做定语(P31)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲反射不定式(Englishishardtolearn.)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。Englishishardtolearn.英语难学。前面是主系表结构，后面是不定式，不定式tolearn的逻辑宾语是句子的主语（反射到句子的主语上），此时，不定式用主动，要具有及物性且不带宾语注：“too…to…太…而不能”也可以看作反射不定式。Thewateristoohottodrink.（Thewateristoohot.主系表结构，drink的宾语是句子的主语。)1.Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy_____.A.tobeworkedoutB.toworkthemoutC.toworkoutD.tobeworkedthemout2.【2008全国I】Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood___.　A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed3.【2010四川】Inmanypeople’sopinion，thatcompanythoughrelativelysmall，ispleasant．A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith4.【2011安徽】Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_____intosmallpieces.A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak5.【2011福建】ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable____.A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold6.【2012辽宁】Thismachineisveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate写作专练2.正确使用反射不定式(P31)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第2讲作状语35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。非谓语作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系。和句子主语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作状语，如：1)“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janeshouted,_______away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran和句子主语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作状语，如：2)____tohospitalintime,thewoundedsoldiersweresavedatlast.A.TakenB.TakingC.HavingtakenD.Beingtaken表示“为了…”，常用不等式作状语，这时，状语动词动作发生时间与句子谓语动作时间相比，是将来，如：3)___lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept分析：例1.run与shout是同时的，又是主动，选B例2take和句子主语构成被动关系，因此选A例3和句子主语构成主动，又有“为了”之意，选A比昂英语（原远航英语）系列丛书之《高中英语语法通霸2012版》（适合2013高考）考点1.伴随状语现在分词作状语表伴随，动作和谓语动词的动作同时进行并列谓语多有and等词连接；一个主谓结构中，两个动词间没有并列连词时，多把一个变为状语。如：①Sheshoutedoutand_____（run）away.②Sheshoutedout,_____（run）away.解析：在①中，有并列连词and,后面是并列谓语，填ran。在②中，两个动词间没有and,shouted是谓语，后面run就要用非谓语形式，由于是主动，所以用现在分词，在这里是表伴随。1.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid___tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing2.【2010四川】Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,____tomissanypoint．A.nottryingB.tryingnotC.totryD.nottotry3.【2008辽宁】Hewasbusywritingastory,only______onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.　A.tostopB.stoppingC.tohavestoppedD.havingstopped4.【2011湖南】Doyouwakeupeverymorning__________energeticandreadytostartanewday?A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt5.【2012陕西】______inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand6.【2005上海】Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_______downtoeatourpicniclunch.A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.sat过去分词作状语表伴随时，某种程度上相当于形容词作状语，表示主语所处的状态7.【2010全国2】Thoughtoseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome.A.surprisingB.wassurprisingC.surprisedD.beingsurprised8.Lastnight,IsawYangWeiweilyinginbed,___indeepthought.A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.beinglost9.Hewenttobed_____.Thenextmorninghewokeuponly____himselflyingonthefloor.A.drinking;tofindB.drunk;tofindC.beingdrunk;findingD.todrink;finding10.Hesatontheplatform,________toanswerthequestion.A.prepareB.preparingC.preparedD.toprepare考点2.时间状语11.【2010北京】atmyclassmates"faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.A.LookingB.LookC.TolookD.Looked12.【2010上海】________ thecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.A.Approaching   B.Approached       C.Toapproach      D.Tobeapproached13.【2011天津】______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated考点3.结果状语现在分词作结果状语时，表示一种自然的结果动词不定式作结果状语，表示一种出乎意料的结果14.【2010天津】Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause15.【2009上海】Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,_____allfourpeopleonboard.A.killedB.killingC.killsD.tokill16.【2011陕西】MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,___________itmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplacetoanother.A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.【2012天津】Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,____thebreakfastuntouched.A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft2.【2010江苏】TheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu,________thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.wA.enablingB.havingenabledC.toenableD.tohaveenabled3.【2012山东】Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told4.【2012四川】Tomtookataxitotheairport,only_____hisplanehighupinthesky.A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefound考点1.原因状语现在分词作状语和句子主语构成主动关系，过去分词作状语和句子主语构成被动关系，动词不定式可以放在表语的后面，表原因。如：I’msorrytohearthat.I’mpleasedtoseeyouagain.【主动关系和被动关系：参看P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.】5.____wonderful,thiskindoffoodenjoyedagoodsale.A.TastedB.BeingtastedC.TastingD.Havingtasted6.___dirty,theclassroomneeds_____.A.beinglooked,cleaningB.looking,cleaningC.looked,cleaningD.looking,cleaned7.______byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.A．DrivenB．BeingdrivenC．TodriveD．Havingdriven8.【2009天津】_____bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.A.BeingencouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged9.___withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.A.TofaceB.HavingfacedC.FacedD.Facing10.【2008浙江】____thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.A.NotrealizedB.NottorealizeC.NotrealizingD.Nottohaverealized11.【2012福建】Pressedfromhisparents，and_____thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.A.realizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized12.【2012全国Ⅱ】Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy___anythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched13.【2010辽宁】Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound考点2.条件状语和句子主语构成主动关系，用现在分词作状语和句子主语构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语14.____greathelp,Icouldgetridofallthedifficultyandsucceeded.A.BeingofferedB.OfferedC.HavingofferedD.tobeoffered15._____time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given16.【2010陕西】_________fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HaveseenD.Tosee17.【2012湖南】Time,________correctly,ismoneyinthebank.A.touseB.usedC.usingD.use18.【2012江苏】____animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.A.BasedB.BasingC.BaseD.Tobase考点3.目的壮语动词不定式常作目的状语19.【2009北京】Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation___informationinamoreeffectiveway.A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent20.【2011浙江】Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobecheeredD.werecheered21.【2011重庆】MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmenttoofficials,willbeproduced_______people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised考点4.表伴随还是表目的Thesecretaryworkedallnightlong,____alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing许多同学会选择A，认为目的是“为了准备演讲稿”。这说明概念还不清。35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。现在分词表伴随时，其动作和谓语动作是同时进行的。而动词不定式作目的状语时，通常译作“为了”，为了达到不定式所表达的目的，先做句子谓语的动作。也就是说，两个动作有先后，先有谓语动作，后有动词不定式的动作。Shegotupearlythatmorningtogetthereontime.(先早起，后按时到达)Heworksveryhardtocatchupwithothers.(先努力学习，后赶上别人)而在上题中，整夜工作和准备演讲稿是同时进行的，因此选择B，现在分词。如果选择A的话，便容易误解为“先工作了一整夜，然后才准备演讲稿”1.【2010福建】Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,suppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.A.sendingB.tosendC.havingsentD.tohavesent2.Iexplainedthetheoryasclearlyaspossible,____tomakeiteasy_____.A.hope;tounderstandB.hoped;understoodC.hoping;tounderstandD.tohope;tobeunderstood3.【2012全国Ⅱ】Tonylentmethemoney,___thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghoped考点1.做状语用done还是beingdone<链接P8考点7>______byagroupofteenagers,theoldmanwastellinganoldstory.A.SurroundedB.Beingsurrounded许多同学选B，也许是因为认为bedone表示被动吧。实际上，过去分词本身就能表被动。在这里老人被孩子们围着，选A。在做状语时，如果不是刻意强调动作正在发生，很少用beingdone,因为beingdone是现在分词的被动式，往往表示正在进行的动作。在这里选B的话，会给人一种孩子们正在包围老人的感觉。比较：Beingstruckbytheheavystorm,theyfelthelpless.受到暴雨袭击，他们感到很无助。（正在袭击）4.______byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriven5.【2009天津】_____bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.A.BeingencouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged6.____greathelp,Icouldgetridofallthedifficultyandsucceeded.A.BeingofferedB.OfferedC.HavingofferedD.tobeoffered考点2.soasto,so…asto,suchasto与inorderto①Soasto不能用于句首，而inorderto可以用于句首也可用于句末为了按时到达那里，他很早就起床。Inordertogetthereontime,hegotupearly.√=Hegotupearlyinordertogetthereontime.√Hegotupearlysoastogetthereontime.√Soastogetthereontime,hegotupearly.×②soasto和inorderto都可以在to前加not构成否定句为了不错过那趟火车，他很早就起床。Inordernottomissthetrain,hegotupearly.Hegotupearlyinordernottomissthetrain.Hegotupearlysoasnottomissthetrain.③so…asto与such…astoHegotupsoearlyastogetthereontime.他起床如此早，以致于他按时到达那里。Shewassuchabeautifulastoattractmanyboys’attention.她如此美丽，吸引了许多男孩的注意力。Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?劳驾，现在几点了④suchastosuch可以单独作表语，而so不可以。Hishumorwassuchastomakeallthepeopleburstintolaughter.√Hishumorwassoastomakeallthepeopleburstintolaughter.×⑤inorderto可以与inorderthat相转换Hegotupearlyinordertogetthereontime.Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.⑥soasto,so…asto,such…asto,suchasto可以与sothat,so…that,such…that,,suchthat相转换。（也就是把asto…换为that引导的从句）Hegotupearlysoastogetthereontime.=Hegotupearlysothathecouldgetthereontime.Hegotupsoearlyastogetthereontime.=Hegotupsoearlythathecouldgetthereontime.Hewassuchacleverboyastopasstheexameasily.=Hewassuchacleverboythathepassedtheexameasily.Hishumorwassuchastomakeallthepeopleburstintolaughter.=Hishumorwassuchthathemadeallthepeopleburstintolaughter.7.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately____intimeforChristmas.A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving8.IfJohndoesn’tcometoworkontime,hemaybefired.Surelyheisn’tsofoolish____that.A.asnottorealizeB.asnotrealizingC.thatdoesn’trealizeD.astorealize35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.【1982全国】Wouldyoube________tostepthisway,please? A.tookind      B.sokind C.sokindas   D.askindas2.【2008江西】MyEnglishteacher’shumorwas____makeeverystudentburstintolaughter.A.soastoB.suchastoC.suchthatD.sothat3.【2008全国】Theweatherwas______coldthatIdidn’tliketoleavemyroom.A.reallyB.suchC.tooD.so　考点1.havetrouble/aproblem/difficulty/fun(in)doing句式Havedifficulty/trouble/aproblem/agoodtime/abadtimeindoingsomething中in可以省略，此时doing为现在分词，相当于时间状语4.YoucanneverimaginewhatdifficultyIhad____yourhouse.A.foundB.findingC.tofindD.forfinding5.WhatevertroubleMr.Whitehad___withthecase,hewouldsticktohisownopinion.A.dealB.todealC.dealtD.dealing6.【2012上海】WhenPeterspeaksinpublic,healwayshastroubletherightthingstosay.A.thinkingofB.tothinkofC.thoughtofD.thinkof7.【2008四川】Wehadananxiouscoupleofweeks_____fortheresultsoftheexperiment.　A.waitB.tobewaitingC.waitedD.waiting8.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime____theexam.A.passB.topassC.passedD.passing考点2.方式状语9.【2008山东】Lucy’snewjobpaidtwiceasmuchasshehadmade______intherestaurant.A.workingB.workC.toworkD.worked　10.【2009辽宁】Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycame______backA.floodingB.tofloodC.floodD.flooded写作专练1.使用非谓语做状语，轻松写高级句式(P31)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲作补语35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。非谓语动词作补语时，用哪种形式，有时要看宾补与句子宾语之间的关系，有时要看谓语动词的用法。考点1.和宾语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作补语1.Thetrafficproblemwearelookingforwardtoseeing__shouldhaveattractedthelocalgovernment’sattention.A.solvingB.solvedC.tosolveD.solve2.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout3.Itwasonlythefather,notallthefamilymember,thatthepolicedecidedtoget____oftheaccident.A.informedB.informC.tobeinformedD.toinform4.____inherbestsuit,thegirltriedtomakeherself____attheparty.A.Dressed,noticedB.Dressing,noticingC.Dressed,noticingD.Dressing,noticed5.Isawsomevillagers______onthebenchattheendoftheroom.A.seatingB.seatC.seatedD.seatedthemselves6.【2011浙江】Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves______forwords.A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost7.【2011重庆】MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself________ofhisowndreams.A.remindingB.toremindC.remindedD.remind8.【2012四川】Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar____.A.washedB.washC.washingD.towash考点2.常用现在分词作补语的词catchsomebodydoingsomething逮住某人做某事LeavesomebodydoingsomethingFindsomebodydoingsomethingKeepsomebodydoingsomething9.Don’tleavethewater_____whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.torunB.runningC.runsD.ran10.Whydidyougobacktotheshop?Theywalkedoffandleftme____there.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.waits11.Theteacherscoldedtheboycaught____inthe35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。examination.A.cheatingB.tohavecheatedC.tocheatD.tobecheating1.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound____inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked2.【2009全国II】Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic______smoothly.A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.running考点1.动词不定式作宾补I.一感二听看有五，let,make,have后面宾补不带to即：feel,hear,listento,see,watch,observe,notice,lookat，后面对宾补不带to。不过感官动词后也可跟现在分词作宾语，表示看到听到时动作正在进行；跟省略to的不定式作宾补时，强调看到听到了整个过程或强调是事实Isawhimrunintothebuilding.(整个过程或事实)justthen,Iheardsomeonecallingforhelp.(正在进行)①DoyouoftenhearJohn_______inhisroom?Yes,listen,nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.A.singing,singingB.sing,singingC.singing,singD.sing,sing②Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher____upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.growingD.togrow在①中，选B，用often侧重事实；在②中，选A,强调看着长大的事实。3.Iheldthelittlebirdinmyhandandfeltitsheart__________.A.jumpingB.beatingC.bumpingD.knocking4.InclassyoushouldlistentoMissGao___English.AtospeakB.speakC.speaksD.spoke5.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother’svoice___him.A．callingB．calledC．beingcalledD．tocall6.Seeingthesun___abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.A.toriseB.toraiseC.risingD.raising7.Ismellsomething__________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt8.Themissingboyswerelastseen______neartheriver.A.toplayB.playC.tobeplayingD.playing9.Didyounoticethelittleboy__________away?A.tookthecandyandrunB.takethecandyandrunC.takingthecandyandrunD.whotakingthecandyrunning10.Myparentshavealwaysmademe______aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.A.feelingwellB.feelinggoodC.feelwellD.feelgood11.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone12.Whomwouldyourather______thework?A.tohavetodoB.tohavedoC.havetodoD.havedo13.【2008全国】Thedirectorhadherassistant___somehotdogsforthemeeting.A.pickedupB.picksupC.pickupD.pickingup14.【2010湖南】Listen!Doyouhearsomeoneforhelp?A.callingB.callC.tocallD.calledII.常用带to的不定式做宾补的动词Want/wouldlike/ask/tell/getsomebodytodosomething15.I’dlikemychild_______inaschoolofhighquality.A.educatingB.toeducateC.tobeeducatedD.beingeducated16.Therewasafamouspersonatthepartywhomeveryonewouldlike___tothemselves.A.tointroduceB.tobeintroducedC.introducingD.beingintroduced17.Theteacheraskedmore___topreventthestudent’seyesfrombeinginjured.A.todoB.doneC.tobedoneD.beingdone18.Mr.Brown,whomIcouldn’tget____myoffer,alwayslikeddoingthingsonhisown.A.toacceptB.acceptC.acceptingD.accepted19.Joewishesus__________withhim.A.togoalongB.goingalongC.wentalongD.willgoalong20.ItismasterWuwhotaughtus__________themachine.A.whattodowithB.ranC.howtorunD.howcouldrun21.Heorderedtheroom__________.A.tosweepB.tobesweptC.shouldsweepD.sweptIII.Help后面宾补可以带to也可不带to(其后直接跟宾语时，带to不带to均可)Sheoftenhelpshermother(to)dohousework.Sheoftenhelps(to)dohousework.IV.作宾补时主动语态中不带to的,在变为被动语态时要带to22.Hewasoftenlistened______inthenext35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。room.A.singB.sungC.tosingD.totosing1.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning2..Theairplanewasnoticed__________atsix.A.takeoffB.totakeoffC.getoffD.togetoff考点1.have后宾补的几种情况Havesomebodydosomething让某人做某事Havesomebodydoingsomething让某人一直做某事Havesomethingdone请别人做某事3.Whydoyouhavethewater__________allthetime?A.ranB.toberunningC.runningD.beingrunning4.【2008上海春】Ifwehaveillegalimmigrants_____in,manylocalworkerswilllosetheirjobsA.cameB.comingC.tocomeD.havingcome5.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit____oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained6.Mr.Smithwasmuchsurprisedtofindthewatchhehadhad___wasnowheretobeseen.A.repairingB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired7.Whodidtheteacherhave___anarticleforthewallnewspaperjustnow?A.writingB.writeC.towriteD.written8.【2011陕西】Clairehadluggage_______anhourbeforeherplaneleft.A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked考点2.forbid,require,advise,recommend,allow,permit,跟动名词做宾语，不定式做宾补①Theinstructoradvisedcheckingthe"AdvancedSettings"option.Theinstructoradvisedmetocheckthe"AdvancedSettings"option.②Theydon"tallowsmokinginthisrestaurant.Theydon"tallowpeopletosmokeinthisrestaurant.③Theydon"tpermitsmokinginthisrestaurant.Theydon"tpermitpeopletosmokeinthisrestaurant.④Theauthoritiesforbadeenteringtheparkbecauseofabushfire.Theauthoritiesforbadeustoentertheparkbecauseofabushfire.⑤Theworkerrecommendedbuyinganewwaterheater.Theworkerrecommendedmetobuyanewwaterheater.⑥Theprojectrequiresspending$70,000intheinitialphase.Theprojectrequiredustoworkingroups.9.【2012上海】AsJacklefthismembershipcardathome,hewasn"tallowedintothesportsclub.A.goingB.togoC.goD.gone10.Sorry,wedon’tallow__________inthelectureroom.A.tosmokeB.smokeC.smokingD.tosmoking11.Thepoliceforbid__________here.A.parkB.parkingC.toparkD.tobeparked12.Theheavyrainforbademe__________toschool.A.frommycomingB.tocomeC.comeD.mycoming13.【2011天津】Passengersarepermitted_____onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarried14.Theydon’tpermit__________noisehere.A.tomakeB.makeC.makingD.made写作专练1.注意宾语补足语的形式(P32)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲非谓语的完成式、进行式、被动式和否定式35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.非谓语的完成式把非谓语的动作发生的时间和谓语的动作发生时间相比较，如果非谓语的动作先于谓语动作发生时，非谓语用完成式。非谓语用完成式还是一般式，与谓语本身是什么时态无关。如：①Heisreportedtohavebeenkilledintheaccident.②Hewasreportedtohavebeenkilledintheaccident.在①句中，谓语是一般现在时，在②中，谓语用的一般过去时，但后面非谓语用的都是完成式。在①中，“is”表明现在报道，但“他在车祸中死亡”仍先于报道发生，所以后面不定式用完成式；在②中，“was”表明过去报道，但“他在车祸中死亡”仍先于报道发生，所以后面不定式也用完成式。因此，非谓语用完成式还是一般式，只与谓语、非谓语动作发生的先后有关，与谓语本身的时态无关。注意：35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。①动名词的完成式常可以用一般式来代替：Irememberhavinglentyou$100,butyouhaven’tpaiditback.也可以说：Irememberlendingyou$100,butyouhaven’tpaiditback.Iamsorryforbreakingyourcup.也可以说：Iamsorryforhavingbrokenyourcup.②非谓语的完成式一般不用作定语：TomlookedatJenny,tears______hiseyes,andshoutedthewords_____inhisheartforyears.A.filling;havingbeenhiddenB.filled;hiddenC.filling;hiddenD.filled;hidden答案：B1.【2010湖南】Dina,formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostruggle2.Theboyoftengivesasatisfactoryanswertotheteacher’squestion,___justaminute.Soheisusuallytheteacher’spet.A.thoughtB.havingthoughtC.andtothinkD.thinking3.【2008陕西】aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.　A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow4.【2012重庆】______toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked5.【2008福建】___inthequeenforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedbehadleftthechequeinthecar.　A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingWaitedD.Tohavewaited6.Hefeltitagreathonor____tovisitmewhenIwasinhiscity.A.tohavebeentakenB.tohavetakenC.havingtakenD.beingtaken7.Tompretended___________it,butinfact,heknewitverywell.A.notlistentoB.nottohearaboutC.nottohaveheardaboutD.nottolisten8.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen_____,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard9.I’msorry____yousomuchtrouble.Andthankyouforyouhelp.A.togiveB.tohavegivenC.givingD.gave10.【2008江西】Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention_____whenwetalkedonthephone.　A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted11.________thehomeworkmadehisfatherlosehistemper.A.Theboy’snothavingdoneB.TheboynothavingdoneC.Theboy’shavingnotdoneD.Theboyhavingnotdone12.Itwas____computergamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethatheoughttohavespentonhislessons.A.tohaveplayedB.playingC.playedD.havingplayed考点1.非谓语的进行式Whentheteacherentered,thepupilpretendedtobedoingtheexperiment.Heisthoughttobehidinginthewoods.13.Mysonpretended_______whenIcameback.A.tosleepB.sleepingC.beingsleepingD.tobesleeping14.【2011上海】Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…,butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost考点2.非谓语的被动式15.Whoistheman____now?A.operatingonB.operatedonC.beingoperatedonD.tobeoperatedon16.Thequestion______nowatthemeetingisnotthequestion______yesterday.A.discussed;discussedB.discussing;haddiscussedC.beingdiscussed;discussedD.discussing;discussing17.Weasked___toworkinthecountryside.A.tobesentB.tosendC.tobesendingD.sending18._______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.A.ExposedB.havingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed19._______twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.A.BeingexaminedB.ExaminedC.ExaminingD.Havingbeenexamined35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点3.非谓语的否定式，是在非谓语前面直接加not35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。非谓语动词的否定形式形式非谓语动词位置例句一般形式不定式放在不定式符号前，如果是省略不定式形式放在动词前Iwantnottogohome.Ilethimnotgohome.Hepromisesnevertogothereagain.Hegotupearlysoasnotto(inordernotto)missthetrain.动名词放在动名词前Excusemefornotcomingearlier.分词放在分词前Notknowingthis,hedidn"tcome.Nothavingtoldwhentostart,hecamelate.特殊形式不定式主动形式否定意义Hewastooexcitedtospeak.动名词no和without引导的短语Nosmoking.Heleftwithoutsayinggood-bye35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.Havingnomoneybut____toknow,hesimplysaidhewouldgowithoutdinner.A.nottowantanyoneB.wantednooneC.notwantinganyoneD.towantnoone2.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_________,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmoved3.Iregret____hardatschool,orIwouldhavesucceededinpassingtheexam.A.nottoworkB.havingnotworkedC.tohavenotworkedD.nothavingworked4._______aletter,hedecidedtosendatelegram.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived5.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake6.【2008江苏】—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomed___atmeals.　A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalking写作专练1.非谓语的完成式、进行式、被动式和否定式(P32)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲独立主格结构35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.独立主格结构的构成（一）： 独立主格结构的构成： ①名词(代词)+现在分词、（与前面构成主动关系）②名词(代词)+过去分词；（与前面构成被动关系）③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）④名词(代词)+副词；⑤名词(代词)+形容词；⑥名词(代词) +介词短语；⑦名词(代词) +名词（二） 独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrowThe test finished, we began our holiday.　　Withalotofthingstodo,heisquitebusy.He came into the room, his ears red with cold.Withthosenoisesupstairs,Icouldn’tgotosleep.He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.Thevillagers,mostofthemwomenandchildren,werekilledthatnight.注意: 独立主格结构使用介词的问题：　 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受限 制Arobber burst into the room, knife in hand.Apolicemanranafterhim,withastickinhishand.　　 1.Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled2.Withmanyitemssheneeded___forher50-birthday-party,shewenttothesupermarketwithabigbasket.A.tobeboughtB.boughtC.tobuyD.buying3.WithallthemagazinesIneeded____,Ileftthepostoffice.A.buyingB.tobuyC.boughtD.tobebought35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.Withelectricity___,wecouldn’tdrivethemachine.A.wascutoffB.beingcutoffC.cutoffD.havingcutoff2.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork________,hegladlyacceptedit.A．finishedB．finishingC．havingfinishedD．wasfinished3.Everything___intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions.A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking4.___moreandmoreforestdamaged,someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.A.AsB.ForC.withD.for5.【2010山东】Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready_________foramealtobecookedA.laidB.layingC.tolayD.beinglaid6.Manystudents_____around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.A.stoodB.standingC.tostandD.werestanding7.Farmland____quickly,they’reconsideringsolvingtheproblem.A.islostB.losingC.losesD.gettinglost8.【2012辽宁】Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogthem.A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows9.Therearevariouskindsofmetals,each____itsownproperties．A.hasB.hadC.tohaveD.having10.TomlookedatJenny,tears______hiseyes,andshoutedthewords_____inhisheartforyears.A.filling;havingbeenhiddenB.filled;hiddenC.filling;hiddenD.filled;hidden11.Withtheboy____theway,wehadnotrouble___theway____toZhongshanPark.A.leading;finding;leadingB.tolead;found;toleadC.led;finding;ledD.leading;found;led12.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise______.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon13._____agreatleader,hiswordscarrymoreweightthananybodyelse’s.A.BeingB.HeisC.ForheisD.Hebeing14.______,hehadtostayathomelookingafterher.A.BeingillB.HiswifewasillC.HiswifebeingillD.Becausehewasill.15.________Sunday,westayedathome.A.ItbeingB.BeingC.ItwasD.Becausebeing16._____,Johnreturnedtoschoolfromhishometown.A.ThesummervacationbeingoverB.ThesummervacationisoverC.BecausethesummervacationoverD.Afterthesummervacationbeingover17.Theoldsickgoatlayontheground,itseyes____anditslegs_____.A.closed,trembledB.closing,tremblingC.closed,tremblingD.closing,trembled.18.Conditions___,Iwillteachmyselfasecondforeignlanguage.A.permittedB.permittingC.permitsD.beingpermitted19.【2012全国新课标】Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit20.____foralongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.A.BeingnorainB.TherewasnorainC.TobenorainD.Therebeingnorain21.Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously____nopointinstaying.A.wereB.beingC.tobeD.having22.Allflights___becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.A.werecanceledB.havingbeencanceledC.hadbeencanceledD.havebeencanceled考点1.独立主格结构与定语从句有关系词引导的定义从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语，且不需要连接词。23.ThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwasoneofabout2,000silverpennies,allof___600yearsold.A.themB.whichC.thatD.whom24.Hewrotealotofnovels,noneof_____translatedintoaforeignlanguage.A.themB.whichC.it　D.what25.Youcanusealargeplasticbottle,___cutoff,asapottogrowyoungplantsin.A.thetopisB.thetopofwhichC.whosetopD.withitstop26.【2008湖南】Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat27.TheEnglishmayors,mostof____girls,seldomwininthesportscompetitions.A.themB.whomC.theyD.the28.Tofindout,Frischbuiltspecialhives,___onlyonehoney-comb.A.eachwithB.eachhasC.eachiswithD.eachofwhichhaving考点2.独立主格结构与状语从句状语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主构结构则没有完整的谓语。29._____moreandmoreforestsdestroyed,someanimalsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.A.WithB.ByC.AsD.For35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.Youhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayrace____herfootwoundedsomuch.　A.forB.whenC.withD.while考点1.利用独立主格结构，轻松写高级句式写作时要写出高级句式，除了把几个简单句合成并列句和复合句外，再一种很容易又很有效的方法就是利用独立主格结构。（参看P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）方法：破坏一个简单句中的谓语，把谓语变成非谓语或不含有动词：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。合并下列句子，把划线句子改为独立主格结构1.Hiswifewasill.Hehadtostayathome.2.Hearrivedathome.Hisfacewasred.3.Myhomeworkwasfinished.Iwentouttoplayfootballwithmyfriends.4.Irodeabikealongthestreet.Mydogwasfollowingme.5.Ihadtostayathome.Alotofhomeworkhadtobedone.6.ItrainedlastSunday.Ihadtostayathome.写作专练1.利用独立主格，轻松写高级句式(P33)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第2讲动词不定式和动名词的复合结构35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.动词不定式的复合结构（forsb.todosth.与ofsb.todosth.）It’snecessarytolearnEnglishwell.学好英语很有必要。It’snecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.我们学好英语很必要。us是不定式tolearnEnglish的逻辑主语。forustolearnEnglish是不定式的复合结构。It+be+形容词+for/ofsomebodytodosomething用ofsomebodytodosomething.还是用forsomebodytodosomething,关键要看前面的形容词。如果这个形容词可以表示这个人的品质，就用ofsomebodytodosomething,否则，就用forsomebodytodosomething。如：1.Itisdifficultforustofinishtheworkontime.2.It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.在句1中，difficult指按时完成工作这个事难，并不是指我们难，因此用for在句2中，kind可以指you的品质，youarekind,因此要用of.辨别办法用介词（of或for）后面的代词或名词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如上例中，句1：Wearedifficult.意思与原句不符，因此用for。句2：Youarekind.原句含有这个意思，因此用of。或者说：如果这个形容词侧重于说明人（不定式的逻辑主语）的特征时，用of；侧重用说明事（动词不定式复合结构所表达的事）时，用for。常用for的形容词：表示客观情况的形容词：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等常用of的形容词：表示赞扬或批评的词：careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,polite,impolite等练习①选用of或for填空：1.Itisstupid____youtotellhimeverything..2.It"snecessary____youtolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.3.Itwaskind____youtooffermesomuchhelp.4.Itseemedselfish____himnottogivethemanything.5.Itwasimpolite____youtotalktotheoldmanlikethat.6.Itwasimpossible____ustobelievewhateveryousay.②单项选择35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.Ittookalongtimeforconnectionbetweentemperatureandillness___.A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade2.Itwaspolite_________thechildtogiveuphisseattotheelderlywoman.A.forB.ofC.toD.with3.Isitnecessary__________thebookimmediately?A.forhimtoreturnB.thathereturnsC.hisreturningD.ofhimtoreturn4.【2012福建】Nothingissoeasyas_____parentstoraisetheirexpectationsoftheirchildrentoohigh.A.ofB.toC.byD.for考点1.动名词的复合结构（somebody’sdoing或somebodydoing）动名词前面带上自己的逻辑主语便构成了动名词的复合结构。其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格来充当。在口语中，物主代词和名词所有格可分别由人称代词的宾格和名词的普通格代替。如：Doyoumindmy/meopeningthedoor?Ican’timagineMary’s/Marymarryingsuchayoungman.当动名词的复合结构作主语时，其逻辑主语只用所有格或物主代词表示。His/Tom’sbeinglatemadetheteacherangry.（正确）Him/Tombeinglatemadetheteacherangry.（错误）5.Whatcausedthepartytobeputoff?___theinvitations.A.TomdelayedsendingB.Tom’sdelayingsendingC.TomdelayingtosendD.Tomdelayedtosend6.【1992全国】Iwouldappreciate___backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling7.________thehomeworkmadehisfatherlosehistemper.A.Theboy’snothavingdoneB.TheboynothavingdoneC.Theboy’shavingnotdoneD.Theboyhavingnotdone写作专练1.用好动名词复合结构和动词不定式复合结构(P33)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲连词加非谓语与省略句35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。连词加非谓语可以看作是一种省略句。考点1.状语从句的省略，同时具备的两个条件①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。此时从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif(itis)possible.考点2.状语从句的"省略"现象常存在于五种状语从句中①由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。②由although,though,evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句Iwon’tgotothepartyevenif(Iam)invited.即使被邀请我也不会参加这个派对。③由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引导的时间状语从句;While(Iwas)waitingforhim,Ifoundmywalletwasmissing.当我正在等他的时候，我发现我的钱包丢了。④由as,asif等引导的方式状语从句;Themeetingtookplaceas(itwas)planned.会议按照计划进行。⑤由as,than等引导的比较状语从句。Themoviewasmoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.这部电影比预想的更有趣。考点3.省略后的结构可称为“连词+非谓语形式”，主要有七种类型同独立主格结构相似（参看P16考点1）①连词+形容词Whenever(sheis)free,sheoftengoesshopping.她有空就去逛商店。35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。Workhardwhile(youare)young,oryou"llregret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。①连词+名词As(hewas)ayoungboy,hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。②连词+现在分词While(shewas)walkingalongtheriverbank,shewassingingapopsong.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。Although(heis)doinghisbestinmaththesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。③连词+过去分词Hewon"tgotherewithusunless(heis)invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。Theconcertwasagreatersuccessthan(itwas)expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。④连词+不定式Hestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.当时他站起来好像要说什么。⑤连词+介词短语Shelookedanxiousasif(shewas)introuble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。HehadmasteredtheEnglishlanguagebefore(hewas)intheUSA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。⑥连词+介词短语While(youare)upstairs,keepthewindowsclosed.1.【2007四川】Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless________everyday. A.watered  B. watering  B.water D. towater2.Themankeptsilentintheroomunless______.A.spokentoB.spoketoC.spokenD.tospeak3.【2010浙江】Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if_______regularly,canimproveourhealth.A.beingcarriedoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout4.【2007全国I】Weallknowthat,__________,thesituationwillgetworse.A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwith5.【2008安徽】-----Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?　-----Yes,_____,I’mgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.A.IfeverB.IfbusyC.IfanythingD.Ifpossible6.【2012全国新课标】Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen_suchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto7.Generallyspeaking,when_______accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.takingB.takenC.totakeD.tobetaken8.【2012安徽】Whenforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.A.askingB.askedC.havingaskedD.tobeasked9.IfyougototheWestLakeinHangzhou,youwillfinditmoreattractivethancommonly_____.A.supposingB.tosupposeC.supposedD.beingsupposed10.Nomatterhowfrequently___,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.A.performedB.performingC.tobeperformedD.beingperformed11.【2008福建】–Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?　–Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder_____.　A.astoldB.asaretoldC.astellingD.astheytold12.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif___whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee13.Towardsevening,thepatientopenedhismouthasif___somethingtohisson.A.saidB.sayC.tosayD.tohavesaid写作专练1.使用省略句（连词＋非谓语）来提高句式档次(P33)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲therebe与非谓语35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.there+be+名词+doing/done/todotherebe后的名词是句子的实义主语，后面的非谓语是实义主语的定语。35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。如果后面的动词和名词构成主动关系，用现在分词，构成：Therebe+主语+doing，如果后面的动词和名词构成被动关系，则用过去分词，构成：Therebe+主语+done如果表示将要发生的事情，则常用定式作定语，构成：Therebe+主语+todo/tobedone注意：在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动用主动时，侧重于说话者自己做这个事；用被动时，侧重于别人做这个事。Thereareseveraltreestoplant.(相当于Thereareseveraltreesforustoplant.)我们有几棵树要载。（侧重于“我们要栽树”）Thereareseveraltreestobeplanted.有几棵树要载。（强调“树要载”，很可能让别人载）练习：Ⅰ.用括号内词的适当形式填空。1.Thereweremanypeople_______（wait）outsidethebuilding.2.Thereweresomanypeopleinthestreet_______（watch）thefirethatfirefighterscouldn’tgetclosetothebuilding.3.Thereisatemple(寺庙)_______(build)fourhundredyearsagointhepark.4.Ihopetherewillbemorepeople_______(join)theclub.5.Therewerelotsofmaterials_______(send)totheareanextweek.Ⅱ.改错：1.Therearesomepeopledon’tagreewiththeidea.2.Therearesomepeoplethinkit’sagoodidea.Ⅲ.选最佳答案填空：1.Thereisariver______aroundourschool.A.TorunB.runC.runningD.toberunning2.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest____inourcity.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepaired3.【2009浙江】Thereisagreatdealofevidencethatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.A.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating4.Therewasaterriblenoise____thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed5.【2011山东】Lookoverthere—there’saverylong,windingpath______uptothehouse.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead考点1.Therebe句型用作非谓语在therebe句型中，there是句子的形式主语。therebe结构用作非谓语形式时，可以做主语、宾语和状语，be有tobe和being两种形式。1.做主语（不要求掌握）2.做宾语非谓语做宾语时，根据动词的搭配有不定式和动名词两种形式。therebe句型做宾语，也有therebeing（相当于动名词）和theretobe（相当于不定式）两种形式。跟动名词的动词后用therebeing。常见的动词有：deny,appreciate,mind,imagine,admit。跟定式的动词后用theretobe。常见的动词有：want,expect,hope,wish,like,hate,wouldlike,prefer,mean,intend。介词后面用therebeing。①Weexpecttheretobenoargument.希望再出现争吵。（作宾语）②Shedeniedtherebeinganymisunderstandingbetweenthem.她否认他们间有任何误会。③Teachersdon’twanttheretobeanystudentslaggingbehind.老师不希望有任何学生掉队。④Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere.他们讨厌处处都要排长队。⑤What’sthechanceoftherebeingaheavyraintoday?今天下大雨的可能性有多大？6.Ishouldprefer___tobenodiscussionofmyprivateaffairs.A.itB.thatC.whatD.there7.Thestudentsexpectedthere______morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.A.isB.beingC.havebeenD.tobe8.Wehavenoobjectionto______ameetinghere．A.theretobeB.therebeingC.therebeD.thereis9.Annneverdreamsof___forhertobesentabroadverysoon.A.therebeingachanceB.theretobeachanceC.therebeachanceD.beingachance3.做状语therebe句型做状语时，常用therebeing。therebeing是独立主格结构。①Therebeingnothingelsetodo,theywenthome.35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。由于没有别的事做，他们回家了。②Therebeingnobuses,wehadtotakeataxi.由于没有公交车了，我们只好打的回家。③Therenotbeinganywatertodrink,hefeltdeadlythirsty.因为没有水喝，他感到很渴。1.______nothingmoretodiscuss,thesecretary-generalgottohisfeet,saidgoodbyeandlefttheroom.A.TherewasB.BeingC.AstherebeingD.Therebeing2.__foralongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.A.BeingnorainB.TherewasnorainC.TobenorainD.Therebeingnorain3.There____nomoneyleft,Ican’tbuythebook.A.beingB.isC.tobeD.are4.____sowehadtowalkhome.A.TherebeingnobusesB.BeingnobusesC.AstherewereD.Therewerenobuses考点1.There’s/It’snouse/useless/ofnouse/nogooddoingsomethingThere’snouse/nogooddoingsomething.做某事没有用/好处。There’snopoint/sensedoingsomething.做某事没有意义。It’sawasteoftime/moneydoingsomething做某事是在浪费时间/钱Thereisnoneedtodosomething.做某事没有必要。①Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。（谚语）②Itisnogoodtalkingtohim,becauseheneverlistens.跟他讲没用，因为他从来不听。③It’sawasteoftimetryingtotalktoherwhenshe’sinthismood.在她目前的心情下，找她谈是白费时间。④Thereisnopoint/sensestartingsoearly.这么早就动身，没有意义。5.【2006全国II】Itisno_____arguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind.A.useB.helpC.timeD.way6.【2011上海】It’snouse____________withouttakingaction.A.complainB.complainingC.beingcomplainedD.tobecomplained考点2.Thereisnodoing结构。其意为“不可能…”、“无法…”Thereisnodoing=Thereisnowayofdoing.=ItisimpossibletodoThere’snodenyingthefactheisintelligent.这一事实不容否认。Thereisnogettingoverthedifficulty.这困难无法克服。Thereisnodenyingthatsuccessfulbusinessliesinahealthybodyandmind.不可否认,成功的事业关键在于健康的身心。Thereisnotellingwhatthefuturewillholdforthem.想知道他们的未来是什么样子是不可能的。写作专练1.therebe句型与非谓语(P34)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第1讲somebodyissaidtodo35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。Somebodyis（was）/said/reported/believed/thought/known/consideredto意为"据称/据说/据报道/大家认为/众所周之/人们认为……"此时，动词不定式有三种形式，todo,tobeingdoing和tohavedone。到底用哪种形式，可用下面的方法来辨别：考点1.把不定式的动作时间和谓语的动作的发生时间相比较动词不定式用哪种形式，也可以看动词不定式的动作与句子的谓语动作发生的先后：动词不定式动作先于谓语动作发生：用tohavedone动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生：用tobedoing动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同为经常性：用todo练习：Ⅰ.把下列复合句变为简单句：（变为somebodyissaidto）1.Webelievethatheinventedthetelephone.2.Itisreportedthatthewomanhasbeenmissingsincethefloodbrokeout.3.Itisbelievedthathehasmadeafortunethere.4.Itwasthoughtthathehadgotlostintheforest.5.ItissaidthatMikeisstudyinginChina.6.ItissupposedthatUncleLiwillattendthemeeting35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。tomorrow.1.Itisreportedthathelivesaloneinalonelyhouse.2.Theybelievedthathewasthewealthiestpersoninthecountry.Ⅱ.单选选择：1.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented2.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported_______theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.tobreak3.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper________inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.beingrobbedB.havingbeenrobbedC.tohavebeenrobbedD.robbed4.WangMingissaid____abroad,butIamnotsurewhichcountryitwas.A.tostudyB.tohavestudiedC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying5.Lindaisthoughtto___inAfrica,butIreallydon’tknowwhatcountryshe’sworkingin.A.haveworkedB.workC.beworkingD.beworked6.AIDSissaidthebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.A.thatitisB.tobeC.thatithasbeenD.tohavebeen7.Policearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedto_____sincethefloodhitthearealastFriday.A.havebeenmissingB.havegotlostC.bemissingD.getlost8.【2008陕西】Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposedassoonaspossible.　A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsentD.sending写作专练1.尝试使用Somebodyissaidto这个句式(P34)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。第2讲其它考点35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。考点1.Beafraidof,beafraidtobeafraidof害怕某事，指一些不好的、不愿意看到发生的事情。beafraidtodo不敢做某事，想做但又不敢做的事情。Hewasafraidoffailingthebridge,sohewasafraidtopassthebridge.1.Iwasafraid___tomaycustomersbecauseIwasafraid____them.A.oftalkingback,toloseB.oftalkingback,oflosingC.totalkback,toloseD.totalkback,oflosing考点2.ed分词和ing分词(参看P错误！未定义书签。Error!Referencesourcenotfound.)2.Whileseeingthe_____movie,the____childrencriedwithfear.A.frightening,frighteningB.frightening,frightenedC.frightened,frightenedD.frightening,frightening3.Mr.Smith,___ofthe____speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boring4.The____lookinherfacesuggestedthatshe____itbefore.A.surprising,wouldn’tknowB.surprised,hadn’tknownC.surprising,hadn’tknownD.surprised,shouldn’tknow5.The___expressiononhisfacesuggestedhehassomethinginhismind35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。.A.puzzledB.puzzlingC.puzzleD.topuzzle考点1.Wemustdowhateverwecantohelp1.Wemustdowhateverwecan____thosewhoareintrouble.A.helpB.helpingC.dohelpD.tohelp2.Whichdoyouenjoy___yourweekends,boatingorfishing?A.spendingB.tospendC.havingspendD.tohavespent3.ThereisnothingmoreIcantryyoutostay,soIwishyougoodluck.A.beingpersuadedB.persuadingC.tobepersuadedD.topersuade4.【2010上海】Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine____ theoveruseofwaterinstudents"bathrooms.  A.reducing B.toreduce  C.reduced    D.reduce5.ThisisthebestwayIthinkof____theproblem.A.solveB.tosolveC.solvingD.solved考点2.不定式to后的省略一般保留动词不定式符号to。若to后有助动词have,be,havebeen,则也要保留6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto7.Inmyopinion,lifeinthetwenty-firstcenturyismucheasierthan________.A.thatusedtobeB.itisusedtoC.itwasusedtoD.itusedtobe8.Doyouwanttogiveatalkonthatsubject?____.A.Iwouldn’tpreferB.IprefernotC.IprefernottoD.Iprefertonot9.Youshouldhaveworkedharder.IknowI______.A.oughttoB.oughttohaveC.shouldD.will10.Hewasn’thelpedyesterday.Heoughtto______A.haveB.beC.havebeenD.havebe考点3.不定式符号to的省略①不定式做表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式时，to要省略。（参看P5考点2）②不定式做感官动词和使役动词的宾语补足语时，要省略to。（参看P13I）③由并列连词and，except,but,than,or连接两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带to。Hetoldmetostaythereandwaitforhim.他叫我在那儿等他。Itiseasiertopersuadepeoplethan(to)forcethem.说服人容易，强迫人难。注意：如果两个不定式表示对照或对比，则不能省略to。如：Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.尝试而失败总比不尝试好。④动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可以不带to。Heoftenhelpshiswife(to)dothehousework.Heoftenhelps(to)dothehousework.⑤whynot＋省略to的不定式（动词原形）表示建议“为什么不”；在why＋省略to的不定式（动词原形）表示不赞成。Whygowithhim?为什么要同他一起去？Whynotgivehersomeflowers?为什么不送给她一些花呢？35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。①动词不定式做but,except的宾语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式时，要省略to。如：Ihavenothingtodobutgiveup.我只有放弃了。1.【2012陕西】Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut______anevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet2.【2007海南】---It’salongtimesinceIsawmysister. ---_______________herthisweekend?A.Whynotvisit     B.whynottovisit   C.Whynotvisiting   D.Whydon’tvisit3.Ithinkthebestthingyoushoulddois_________anotherjob.A.lookingforB.lookedforC.lookforD.abouttolookfor4.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake考点1.连接词+不定式连接词和不定式连用相当于一个缩短了的定语从句：Shemusthavetimeinwhichtogrowcalm.Shehassomemoneyinthebank,withwhichtohelphermother.Heonlyhadlongnightsinwhichtostudy.5.Shehadnomoney____abirthdaypresentforherchildren.A.tobuywithB.buyingC.boughtD.withwhichtobuy6.Whenshewasaloneathome,Maryneededafriend_____.A.playingwithB.havingplayedwithC.withwhomtoplaywithD.withwhomtoplay7.LastsummerItookacourseon___.A.howtomakedressesB.howdressbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade8.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects考点2.独立结构是一种习惯用法，逻辑主语并不是句子主语。9._____,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally10.____hisage,thelittleboyreadquitewell.A.ConsideringB.ConsideredC.ConsiderD.Havingconsidered11._____fromtheappearance,itisverypeaceful;butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon.A.JudgedB.JudgingC.HavingjudgedD.Tojudge12.____shecan’tcome,whowilldothework?A.SupposedB.SupposingC.HavingsupposedD.Beingsupposed13.______itornot,hisdiscoveryhasshockedeveryoneinscientificcircles.A.BelieveB.Tobelieve35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。C.BelievingD.Believed1.____youthetruth,I’dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramseemtobegettingworseallthetime.A.tellingB.totellC.toldD.havingtold2.Whathappenedtoyouonyourwaybacktothehotellastnight?--Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand,________thingsworse,itbegantopour.A.makingB.tomakeC.havingmadeD.make考点1.非谓语作状语时，其逻辑主语应是句子主语3.Lookingontopofthewall,_____.A.manytallbuildingswereseen.B.therearemanytallbuildings.C.IsawmanytallbuildingsD.thesmalltownlookednice4.Whilewatchingtelevision,________.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings.5.--What’sthematterwithyou?--____thewindow,myfingerwascutunexpectedly.A.CleaningB.TocleanC.WhilecleaningD.whileIwascleaning6.Facedwithabillfor$10,000,______.A.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohnB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajob.C.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.Johnhastakenanextrajob7.____alongthequietroadatfortymilesanhour,andthenanoldmansuddenlystartedtocrosstheroadinfrontofme.A.DrivingB.IwasdrivingC.HavingdrivenD.WhenIwasdriving8.Greatlymovedbyherwords,______.A.tearscametohiseyesB.hecouldhardlyholdbackhistearsC.tearscouldhardlybeheldbackD.hiseyeswerefilledwithtears.9.Oncelost,_______.A.itishardtogetsuchachanceagain.B.togetsuchachancewillbedifficultC.onecannevergetsuchachanceagainD.suchachancemightnevercomeagain考点2.并列谓语还是非谓语有时要区分用谓语还是非谓语。并列谓语之间有and,用在最后一个谓语前，构成AandB,或A，BandC;否则，要把一个变为非谓语。10.Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand___downtoeatourpicniclunch.A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.sat11.Thepolicemancameuptothelonelyhousewiththedoor____,___thereforawhileandthenenteredit.A.open,tostandB.opening,stoodC.open,stoodD.opened,standing12.Attheshoppingcenter,hedidn’tknowwhat____and____withanemptybag.A.tobuy;leaveB.tobebought;leftC.tobuy;leftD.wastobuy;leave13.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_____,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmoved35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.Hesatbackonthechair,tookabookandbegantoread,______.A.beinglookedhappyB.lookedratherhappyC.tolookratherhappyD.lookingratherhappy.写作专练1.运用非谓语的其它相关知识(参看P34)第二部分专题过关测试35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.Whatmadeyourbrothersodelighted?___forhisprogress.A.HisteacherpraisedhimB.HisbeingpraisedbyhisteacherC.HisteacherhavingpraisedhimD.Hewaspraisedbyhisteacher2.Whenhegotoffthetrain,ithappened__________.A.torainB.toberainingC.rainingD.toraining3.Weareconsidering_________anewplan.A.makingB.beingmadeC.tomakeD.tohavemade4.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest____inourcity.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepaired5.Itremains_____whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee6.Ithinkthebestthingyoushoulddois_________anotherjob.A.lookingforB.lookedforC.lookforD.abouttolookfor7.【2011福建】TsinghuaUniversity,____in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded8.Iwasfortunatetopickupawallet______onthegroundonthewaybackhome,butunfortunatelyforme,IfoundmycolorTVset______whenIgothome.A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing9.【2010重庆】Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone_______firstisthelibrary.A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired10.【2008天津】_____theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.　A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.Beingthrown11.【2010江西】Theladywalkedaroundtheshops,______aneyeoutforbargains.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep12.Lastnight,IsawYangWeiweilyinginbed,___indeep35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。thought.A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.beinglost1.【2008安徽】____inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.A.Towalk.B.WalkingC.WalkedD.Havingwalked2.Iwenttoseehim,____himout.A.findingB.findC.onlytofindD.tofinding3._____sweet,theflowersattractmanypeople.A.SmellingB.BeingsmeltC.TosmellD.Smelt4.【2012北京】_______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.UseB.UsingC.UsedD.Touse5.Hesentmeane-mail,____togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope6.【2008江西】MyEnglishteacher’shumorwas____makeeverystudentburstintolaughter.A.soastoB.suchastoC.suchthatD.sothat7.Youcanhardlyimaginethedifficultythewomanhad____herchildren.A.broughtupB.tobringupC.bringingupD.tohavebroughtup8.Isthereanythingyouwantfromtown?No,thankyou.ButIwouldliketoget_____.A.thoselettersmailedB.mailedlettersC.tomailthoselettersD.thoselettersmail9.Asthestonewastooheavytomove,Ileftit___ontheground.A.layingB.layC.lyingD.lain10.Themotherfeltherself___coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.A.growB.grownC.togrowD.tohavegrown11.---Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?---Justaminute.I’llhaveBob____youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing12.Theteacheraskedmore___topreventthestudent’seyesfrombeinginjured.A.todoB.doneC.tobedoneD.beingdone13.Hewasoftenlistened______inthenextroom.A.singB.sungC.tosingD.totosing14.Ican’t_________yourunningupanddownalldaylong.A.permitB.letC.haveD.allow15.Tom’sparentsdonotallowTom__________swimming.A.goingB.togoC.goD.goes16.Herdresshasbecomeloose.Sheseems____weight.A.toloseB.beingloseC.tohavelostD.havingbeenlos17.【2009四川】___manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold18.________thehomeworkmadehisfatherlosehistemper.A.Theboy’snothavingdoneB.TheboynothavingdoneC.Theboy’shavingnotdoneD.Theboyhavingnotdone19.Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper________itclosely.A.followedB.tofollowC.followingD.beingfollowed35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.Hestoodforamomentwithhishandsstill_____.A.toberaisedB.raisedC.beingraisedD.raising2.Everywhereyoucanseepeopleintheirholidaydress,____withsmiles.A.theirfacesareshiningB.whosefacesshiningC.theirfacesshining3.Thechairlooksratherhardbutinfactitisverycomfortableto____.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton4.Itwaspolite_________thechildtogiveuphisseattotheelderlywoman.A.forB.ofC.toD.with5.Youshouldn’tkeepsilentwhen______.A.speakingB.spokentoC.spokenD.speakingto6.____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.A.WhencomparedB.TocompareC.WhilecomparingD.Itcompared7.—Wedidn’tfindSmithattendingthelecture.—Noonehadtoldhimabout______alecturethefollowingday.A.therewasB.theretobeC.therebeingD.therebe8.Columbuswasconsidered___thegreatlandofAmerica.A.havingdiscoveredB.discoveringC.tohavediscoveredD.todiscover9.Alexissaidbyheart2000Chinesecharactersuptonow.A.thathehaslearnedB.tohavelearnedC.tolearnD.havinglearned10.Climbingmountainswas______,soweallfelt____.A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired11.【2012陕西】Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut______anevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet12.ManybusinessmenattendedtheBoaoForumbecausetheyknewwhat___fromtheforum.A.togetB.tobegotC.gotD.getting13.InordertoimproveEnglish,_____.A.Jenny’sfatherboughtheralotoftapes.B.Jennyboughtalotoftapesforherself.C.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny’sfather.D.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny.14.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_________,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmoved第三部分写作能力提升写作专练1.正确选择不定式或动名词做主语（参看P1第1讲）1.如果你想上一个好的大学，学好英语是件必须的事情。（beadmittedbyakeycollege,learnEnglishwell,amust）2.经常锻炼身体对我们的健康有好处，还可以使我们学习更高效。（takeexerciseregularly,doalotofgoodto,helpustolearnmoreeffectively）3.现在辍学不是个好主意，你以后会后悔的。（dropoutofschool,regretfor）35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.乱丢垃圾在我们学校是个很严重的问题。（litterabout,aseriousproblem）2.找到一个好的工作是许多大学生一直梦想的事情。（getagoodjob,dreamof）写作专练1.熟练掌握后面跟不定式做宾语和后面跟动名词做宾语的情况（参看P2第2讲）1.我下决心尽我最大努力来赶上别人。(determine,doone’sbest，catchupwithothers)2.由于下雨，我们没能按时到达那里。（becauseof,fail）3.我打算今年暑假通过打零工挣点钱来帮助交我的学费。intendto，earnsomemoney,apartjob,payformytuition)4.能快点收到你的回复，我将不胜感激。（appreciatedoingsomething,receiveyourreply）5.我正在考虑换换工作。（consider,changeone’sjob）6.我向我们的老师求助，他建议我每天练习说英语。（turntosomebodyforhelp，suggest,practice,speakEnglish）7.为什么不试着坐火车去呢？坐火车既舒适有安全。(whynot,trydoing,comfortableandsafe)8.不要担心我。我现在已经习惯了独立生活，虽然我过去在几乎所有的事情上都依靠我的父母亲。（worryabout,getusedto,usedto,dependon）9.我想集中注意力学习，但我整天总是情不自禁地想起这个事。（concentrateon,can’thelp,keeponthinkingaboutit）10.除去向你求助，我别无选择。（havenochoice,but）11.我们的父母亲把他们的一切都给了我们，因此我们应当努力学习，不辜负他们的期望，不让他们失望。（devote…to,liveuptotheirexpectations,let…down）12.我盼望快点收到你的来信。（lookforwardto,hearfrom）13.期望我们每一个人都能为使我们国家更富、更强做出贡献。（beexpectedto,makeacontributionto）14.每个人都努力是解决这个问题的关键。（makeaneffort,thekeyto）15.当谈到学英语，每个人都有自己的方法。（whenitcomesto,method）写作专练2.非谓语做表语时应注意（参看P5第3讲）1.我的爱好是听音乐和踢足球。（hobby）2.我的职责是照看所有这些花。(duty,takecareof)35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.大多数大学毕业生最想做的是尽快找到理想的工作。(graduate,anidealjob)2.我的梦想是上重点大学。(dream,gotoakeycollege)写作专练1.用好非谓语做定语（参看P5第4讲）1.解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。（thebestway,solvetheproblem,dependon）2.要执行的这个工程将会对这个地区的经济很有好处。（the,project,carryout,bebeneficialto,theeconomy,area）3.有许多人认为学生在学校不应带手机去。(therebe,take…withthematschool)4.仍有许多问题有待解决。(therebe,remaintobedone)5.我写信申请昨天ChinaDaily上所广告的那个职位。(applyfortheposition,advertise)6.三分之二被采访的学生说他们赞成这个主意。(twothirds,interview,infavorof)7.我认为，Tom应当为这个坏椅子负责。（betoblamefor）8.我今天下午洗衣服，你有要洗的吗？9.正在讨论的这个问题关系到我们每一个人，不管你是有钱还是没钱。（issue,discuss,concern,whether…or…）10.他给我打了个电话，告诉我他下周才能回来。（giveacall,tell,not…until…）写作专练2.正确使用反射不定式（参看P8第5讲）1.这个计划便于执行。（plan,easy,carryout）2.他聪明，乐观，容易相处。（intelligent,optimistic,getalongwith）3.这个问题并不难处理。（theproblem,thatdifficult,dealwith）写作专练3.使用非谓语做状语，轻松写高级句式（参看P9第6讲）1.因此，他这次考试考得非常好，在班级排第一名。（asaresult,rankfirst）2.我相信，你要赶上别人，不会有什么困难。（havetroublein,findthepostoffice）3.我每次给他们写信要求道歉，却被告知，那不是他们的错。（writeto,onlytobetold,fault）4.每节课你都应当认真听讲，尽力不要错过任何要点。（listenwithfullattention,tryto,missanypoint）35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.我不会傻到他说什么我就信什么的地步。（foolish,so…asto,whateverhesays）2.我们现在努力学习，是为了我们未来能有机会找到好的工作。（inorderthat,haveagoodchancetodosomething,inthefuture）3.我每天夜里睡的都很晚，在为即将到来的考试做准备。（stayuplate,makepreparationsfor,thecomingexams）4.再给我一次机会，我会做地更好。（givemeanotherchance）5.面对这样一个问题，我不知道该怎么办。（facing/facedwith，ataloss）6..中国已经建了许多高铁，使得人们的出行更加方便。（high-speedrailway,make…easier,travelfromoneplacetoanother）7.受到父母亲的压力，意识到他浪费太多时间，这个男孩决定不再玩电子游戏。（pressedby,realize,bedeterminedto,videogames）写作专练1.注意宾语补足语的形式（参看P12第7讲）1.在你离开的时候，不要让（自来）水流着。（leavethewaterrunning）2.我明天要把我的手表修理一下。（have…done）3.我将派人去机场接你。（havesomeonedosomething,pickup）4.他被批评，因为他考试作弊被逮住。（criticize,catchsomebodydoing）5.我们要求采取更多的措施，来阻止这样的事情再次发生。（askmoreto,prevent…from）6.虽然我们学校不允许吸烟，但许多男生却偷偷地吸。（notallow,smokeheavilysecretly）写作专练2.非谓语的完成式、进行式、被动式和否定式（参看P14第8讲）1.由于没有经常给你写信，我应向你道歉。（oweyouanapology）2.不知道该怎么办，我向我们的老师求助。（turntosb.forhelp）3.我后悔没有听我们老师的建议。（regret,followone’sadvice）4.没有收到回信，我决定再给他们写一封，但仍旧没有收到回信。（receiveareply,writeto）5.我考试不及格使我的父母非常生气。(failingtheexam)6.我碰巧也去过那里。（happento,havebeenthere）35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。写作专练1.利用独立主格结构，轻松写高级句式（参看P16第9讲）1.上周六没有课，我们去参观了长城。（therebe,payavisitto）2.我们的校园非常美丽，花儿香，鸟儿唱。（schoolyard,smellsweet,singhappily）3.天气很糟，我们不得不放弃爬上山顶的计划。(weather,giveup,thetopofthemount)4.许多人对我们镇的环境感到忧虑，包括我。（beconcernedabout,environment,include）5.考虑到各方面情况，我认为这是解决这个问题的合适的办法。（allthings,consider,anappropriateapproachto,solvetheproblem）6.每天有如此多的作业做，我感到身心疲惫。（withsomanyassignmentstocomplete,exhausted,physicallyandmentally）写作专练2.用好动名词复合结构和动词不定式复合结构（参看P18第10讲）1.我想学法律专业，但我的父母亲却坚持让我学医学。（majorin,insiston,medicine）2.我还清楚的记得你带着我们参观你们城市的情形，我真的很感激。（remember,showaround，appreciate）3.他没通过考试使他这几天很不高兴。（failingtopasstheexam,makesb.upset）4.事实上，我认为没有比这更糟的了，如果你不介意我这样说的话。（infact,mind）5.我们多读点英文故事书的这个建议是解决我们问题的最好办法。(suggestionof,perfectsolutionto)6.如果能为我约定个时间，我将不胜感激。（appreciatedoing,makeanappointmentfor）7.让我们在用如此少的时间完成如此多的作业是不可能的。（impossible,dohomework）8.你给我如此多的实用的建议真太好了。（it’skind,somanypracticalsuggestions）写作专练3.使用省略句（连词＋非谓语）来提高句式档次（参看P19第11讲）1.如果可能的话，我要去外国深造。(possible,furtherstudying)2.那里的风景比预想的还有好。(scenery,morefantastic,expect)3.当他在英国工作的时候，他学会了说英语。（pickup,while,England）4.他张开他的口，好像要告诉我什么事情。（asif,tellmesomething）5.还是一个小孩的时候，我就喜欢上了读书。（as,fallinlovewith）6.当和他们比较的时候，你就会发现我们生活是多么幸福啊。（comparewith,whatahappylife）35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。写作专练1.therebe句型与非谓语（参看P20第12讲）1.路上车辆太多，以至于经常拥堵。（therebe,traffic,runontheroad,trafficjams）2.现在还有很多高楼正在建。（therebe,manymorehighbuildings）3.那里有许多可以看的景点。（therebe,touristattractions）4.有许多学生认为，我们不应当把老虎关在笼子里。（therebe,keeptigersincages,）5.和我父母亲谈论这个事没有意义，因为他们根本不听我说。（nopoint/usedoing,wouldn’tlistentome）6.在这里建立一个工厂没有什么好处，因为它会严重破坏我们的环境。（it’snogooddoing,harmourenvironment）7.我个人觉得，花这么多钱建这样大的动物园是在浪费钱。而且，动物在动物园里也会感到非常痛苦。（Personally,it’sawasteofmoney,feelmiserable,confine）8.不可否认，成功在于勤奋。（thereisnodenying,liein,hardwork）9.教室里没有老师，许多学生开始大声说话。（therebeing,talkloudly）10.我一直梦想能有机会和你面对面交谈。（dreamof,therebe,achance,facetoface）写作专练2.尝试使用Somebodyissaidto这个句式（参看22第13讲）1.宝天曼树木种类繁多，据信有的已有上千年树龄。（awidevarietyof,bebelievedto）2.在这个特别的节日里，孩子们应穿上他们最好的衣服，大人们应给他们压岁钱。（onthisspecialoccasion,besupposedto,bedressedin,luckymoney）3.这个工程预期三个月可完工。（project,beexpectedto,complete,in）4.据报道房价已连续5年上涨。（housingprices,bereportedto,rise,fiveyearsinarow）5.据说这些嫌疑犯正躲在山里。(thesesuspects,besaidto,hide,inthemountains)写作专练3.运用非谓语的其它相关知识（参看P23第14讲）1.我们的学校比以前美丽多了。（beautiful,usedto）2.信不信有你，他在演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。（believeitornot,winthefirstprize）3.我们的车坏在路上了。更糟的是，天又下起雨来。（breakdown,tomakematters/thingsworse）4.害怕被父母亲惩罚，我不敢把考试的结果告诉他们。（beafraidof,punish,beafraidto）35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。1.我们必须尽一切努力来阻止这个河流受到污染。（dowhateverwecan,prevent…from）35Nothingispossibleforawillingheart.(心之所愿，无所不成)Aboldattemptishalfsuccess.(勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半)